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    Virtualization Overall

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    KATHIKA SAI KRISHNA URK17CS063
    A virtual machine is a software-based computer that runs its own operating system and applications. It uses a hypervisor to access physical hardware in the same way a physical computer would. Key components of a VM include virtual disks, memory, processors and network interfaces. The hypervisor manages these virtual components and isolates each VM from others for security and reliability. Storage virtualization pools physical storage and allocates space flexibly to VMs as needed. Network virtualization allows VMs to communicate over virtual switches and networks without direct access to physical network hardware.

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    Virtualization Overall

    Uploaded by

    KATHIKA SAI KRISHNA URK17CS063
    123 views30 pages
    A virtual machine is a software-based computer that runs its own operating system and applications. It uses a hypervisor to access physical hardware in the same way a physical computer would. Key components of a VM include virtual disks, memory, processors and network interfaces. The hypervisor manages these virtual components and isolates each VM from others for security and reliability. Storage virtualization pools physical storage and allocates space flexibly to VMs as needed. Network virtualization allows VMs to communicate over virtual switches and networks without direct access to physical network hardware.

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    About Virtualization

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    A virtual machine is a software-based computer that runs its own operating system and applications. It uses a hypervisor to access physical hardware in the same way a physical computer would. Key components of a VM include virtual disks, memory, processors and network interfaces. The hypervisor manages these virtual components and isolates each VM from others for security and reliability. Storage virtualization pools physical storage and allocates space flexibly to VMs as needed. Network virtualization allows VMs to communicate over virtual switches and networks without direct access to physical network hardware.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    123 views30 pages

    Virtualization Overall

    Uploaded by

    KATHIKA SAI KRISHNA URK17CS063
    A virtual machine is a software-based computer that runs its own operating system and applications. It uses a hypervisor to access physical hardware in the same way a physical computer would. Key components of a VM include virtual disks, memory, processors and network interfaces. The hypervisor manages these virtual components and isolates each VM from others for security and reliability. Storage virtualization pools physical storage and allocates space flexibly to VMs as needed. Network virtualization allows VMs to communicate over virtual switches and networks without direct access to physical network hardware.

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    What is VM?

    A virtual machine is a software computer that, like a physical computer,


    runs an operating system and applications.
    It can run the same programs and behave exactly like the original
    machine
    virtualization layer interacts directly with the hardware
    Components of VM
    same components a physical computer needs

    virtualization program packages all of the virtual components of a VM together as a set of


    files.

    Set of files

    Files are executed

    Executed in a virtual layer

    Virtualization tech has >

    Hypervisor

    VM advantages?
    Copy or move
    Easy management
    Protected from h/w changes
    isolate VMs
    The Hypervisor
    virtual machines operate inside of the host – hypervisor
    Confusing OS and hypervisor?
    Hypervisor
    Platofrm
    Gather physical resource > virtual
    Types > type1, type2
    Two Virtualization Scenarios
    Let’s say that you are working in the IT department of a big company
    that sells clocks all over the world. The CEO wants to save money and
    asks for a way to spend less on IT equipment but still wants
    employees to be able to use a computer that can access the
    company’s files wherever they are in the world. Doing more with less.
    At home, Tim owns a Windows laptop that he likes to use for listening
    to music and blogging. Sometimes he lets his kids use his laptop to
    play MinecraftTM after they finish their homework. Recently, Tim’s
    eight-year-old son accidentally deleted some important documents on
    Tim’s laptop. Instead of banning his kids from using his laptop to play
    their favorite game.
    VMware Workstation
    Virtual Machine Files
    Snapshots
    save the state of a VM
    Multiple
    What Is Captured by the Snapshot?
    Disk
    Contents of virtual memory
    VM settings
    main building block components in a datacenter
    Compute
    Storage
    network
    Compute Systems
    Based on the needs
    compute systems can be large or small
    servers with an x86
    Clustering
    similarly configured servers – Groups > connects (n/w, and
    storage)
    Networks
    Baic connectivity
    NIC > ethernet cable > switch > router > network (TCP/IP)
    Server connects
    Customer, storage > integrity of data?
    Network
    LAN, WAN
    Network topology ?
    storage
    Enterprise storage
    RAID
    File level and Block level
    DAS
    NAS
    SAN
    Storage provisioning
    RAID
    Availability
    multiple storage drives > 2 or more
    linked together to create one single large volume of storage
    RAID 0, 1, 4, 5, or 10
    storage availability and redundancy are achieved
    methods; mirroring, striping, and parity.
    File Level and Block Level Storage
    block level storage
    HDD > storage volume
    OS > access > raw (Depeneds on OS)
    Admin > add
    File level storage
    FS > installed > volumes
    Differ
    FLS > easy to use
    Block > Knowledge
    Direct Attached Storage
    physical storage device is directly attached to a server
    Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
    Solid State Drive (SSD)
    Optical Disk Drive (ODD)
    How the storage device speaks ?
    Protocol, ex USB
    Server > HBA (host bus adapter) > h/w
    HBA
    Connected to the server
    Cable with the correct protocol
    SCSI, SATA, SAS, and USB.
    Network Attached Storage
    Drawback of DAS
    Attached to the server
    NAS
    Storage > accessed and distributed > n/w
    Connect > Ethernet protocol > ip address
    Server > communi > TCP/IP
    Data sharing in NAS
    needs to follow a file path
    Protocols
    NFS (Network File System)
    CIFS (Common Internet File System).
    Storage Area Network
    NAS and DAS
    Good for small org

    SAN
    many block level storage devices
    clustered
    attached to a high-speed network
    Server feels SAN as a DAS

    Protocols
    iSCSI, Fiber Channel (FC),
    Fiber Channel over Ethernet (FcoE)

    Disadvantage
    Expensive

    Advantages
    scalability
    Storage Protocols
    Storage Provisioning
    Cost of managing datacenter
    New devices, energy
    Using / Alloting storage
    efficient way possible without affecting reliability
    How to Provision storage ?
    Capacity, availability, and performance requirements
    Provisioning types
    Thick
    Traditional
    Pre-allocated space
    Thin
    consumes only the space that it needs initially
    grows with time according to demand
    Building a Data Center (virtual)
    How a datacenter can be virtualized?
    Hypervisor like ESXi

    how a data center is built in the first place?


    Great quantity of h/w and components from diff ventors

    two infrastructure models


    Converged
    integrates all the data center h/w and s/w components into a single
    package from a provider.
    facilitate faster acquisition and
    deployment of the data center
    Best-of-breed
    top-of-the-line components
    servers, storage devices, and networking
    equipment from multiple vendors
    Ex CISCO, HP blade server, IBM storage
    Building a Data Center (virtual) cont..
    data center needs to be managed
    A management server is set up
    monitor performance
    allow the administrators to allocate resources efficiently
    moving additional storage capacity to a set of VMs.
    vSphere
    In a virtualized data center
    servers, network, and storage, are virtualized
    more components and devices and need more precise monitoring tools than a computer

    vSphere’s 3 main components


    ESXi - Type 1
    vCenter -
    management layer
    vSphere Client -
    configures the host
    and operates its
    virtual machines.
    ESXi

    vCenter (the management server),


    vSphere Client (the user interface),
    and ESXi (the hypervisor).
    ESXi
    Type 1

    Like an OS

    hardware to be partitioned into multiple logical computers

    two main parts > loaded in sequence > Unix microkernel, VMware Kernel

    When the server is turned on


    microkernel starts up
    Tasks > inter-process communication (IPC)

    After the Unix microkernel loads > VMware kernel begins

    contains the code that makes

    the virtualization work

    VM kernel is loaded > Vms > Load

    VMware Virtual Machine

    File System (VMFS)


    vCenter
    management server.
    virtualized data center also requires a management server to be set up
    manage all the physical and virtual components of the data center.
    Storage Virtualization
    management server.
    virtualized data center also requires a management server to be set up
    manage all the physical and virtual components of the data center.
    Storage Virtualization
    Virtualized storage
    give VMs > storage > OS
    Virtualizing storage
    takes storage capacity > pools it
    distributes > Vms.
    Physical to virtual storage steps
    storage capacity
    Converting > logical capacity
    Using logical partition > LUN
    Storage Virtualization - Datastores
    VM > store > data > datastore
    Losing datastore?
    Data of VM is lost
    Protect VM’s data > virtual memory setup in diff location
    Virtual data > stored in 2 locations
    Advantage ?
    If one datastore is down > works from other
    Accessing datastore
    Virtual Machine File System (VMFS)
    Network File System (NFS)
    How Virtual Machines Access Storage?
    Storage Virtualization - Thin Provisioning
    Storage provisioning
    Allocate the required space
    storage needs fluctuate
    Thick > setting aside a space
    Used for specific purpose
    Thin > assigns the LUN a ceiling amount
    storage space > grows
    as data is being written to it
    Advantage
    storage to be distributed to virtual disks that need it at that moment
    Network Virtualization
    Network the VMs as like physical
    physical network are virtualized to create a virtual network
    Traditional n/w > switch, NICs, ports, and cables
    virtual network > shares > router and NIC with physical n/w
    other components are virtualized
    Vswitch > vdevices
    VM1 > communicate < VM2
    Without any physical h/w
    Each VM > veth > MAC
    MAC > lower level communication
    ability to establish VLANs.
    Network Virtualization - Types
    Bridged Network
    NAT Network
    Host-only Network

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