Horizontal and Vertical Line-Shaft Pumps: AWWA Standard

ANSI/AWWA E103-07
(First Edition)
The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water®
AWWA Standard
Horizontal and Vertical

Line-Shaft Pumps
SM
Effective date: August 1, 2008.

This first edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 24, 2007.
Approved by American National Standards Institute March 27, 2008.
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This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe mini-
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The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is
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ment of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely
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scribed will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed
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Copyright © 2008 by American Water Works Association

Printed in USA
ii

Committee Personnel
The AWWA Standards Committee on Horizontal and Vertical Line-Shaft Pumps, which re-
viewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:
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Horton Wasserman, Chairman
James I. Hurst, Secretary
General Interest Members
J.B. Allen,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)

J.D. Anspach, John Anspach Consulting, Deerfield, Ill. (AWWA)
P.W. Behnke, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, Md. (AWWA)
E.P. Butts, 4B Engineering, Salem, Ore. (AWWA)
C.R. Dugan,* Standards Council Liaison, Bath, Mich. (AWWA)
S.N. Foellmi, Black & Veatch Corporation, Irvine, Calif. (AWWA)
J.J. Gemin, Earth Tech (Canada) Inc., Kitchener, Ont., Canada (AWWA)
J.T. Hill, Peerless-Midwest Inc., Westfield, Ind. (AWWA)
J.L. Hogan, JLH Engineering P.C., Norfolk, Va. (AWWA)
J.I. Hurst, HNTB Corporation, Indianapolis, Ind. (AWWA)
C.T. Michalos, MWH, Colorado Springs, Colo. (AWWA)
A.M. Naimey, CH2M Hill, Santa Ana, Calif. (AWWA)
M.S. Solomon, Winzler & Kelly Consulting Engineers, Santa Rosa, Calif. (AWWA)
H. Wasserman, Malcolm Pirnie Inc., White Plains, N.Y. (AWWA)
Producer Members
E.W. Allis, Peerless-Midwest Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. (AWWA)

J. Bird, Flowserve Corporation, Taneytown, Md. (AWWA)
J. Claxton, Patterson Pump Company, Toccoa, Ga. (AWWA)
Y.J. Reddy, Reddy-Buffaloes Pump Inc., Baxley, Ga. (AWWA)
G. Romanyshyn, Hydraulic Institute, Parsippany, N.J. (AWWA)
A.R. Sdano, Fairbanks Morse Pump Corporation, Kansas City, Kan. (AWWA)
C. Yang, ITT Industries Inc., Goulds Pumps, Lubbock, Texas (AWWA)
* Liaison, nonvoting
iii

User Members
S. Ahmed, Detroit Water and Sewerage Department, Detroit, Mich. (AWWA)

J.S. Casagrande, Connecticut Water Service Inc., Clinton, Conn. (AWWA)
J.E. Goodman, Seattle Public Utilities, Seattle, Wash. (AWWA)
K.W. Gruber, East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, Calif. (AWWA)
D.W. Kirkland, Wichita Water & Sewer Department, Wichita, Kan. (AWWA)
C.S. Mansfield Jr., Biddeford & Saco Water Company, Biddeford, Maine (AWWA)
P.T. Miller, City of Elgin Water Department, Elgin, Ill. (AWWA)
D.M. Reidy, Veolia Water, Indianapolis, Ind. (AWWA)
J.P. Taylor, Granite City, Ill. (AWWA)
iv
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Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this
format may be found in a particular standard.
SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
Foreword 4.2 General Design: Common to

I Introduction ................................... vii Horizontal and Vertical Pumps .... 16
I.A Background .................................... vii 4.3 General Design: Horizontal Pumps . 18
I.B History ........................................... vii 4.4 General Design: Vertical Pumps ..... 19
I.C Acceptance ..................................... vii 4.5 Coatings ......................................... 24
II Special Issues ................................... ix 5 Verification
II.A General ........................................... ix 5.1 Factory Tests ................................... 25
II.B Advisory Information on Product 5.2 Submittals ...................................... 25
Application.................................... x
6 Marking, Preparation for Shipment,
II.C Pump Tests ...................................... xi
and Affidavit
III Use of this Standard ........................ xi
6.1 Marking ......................................... 26
III.A Information for Manufacturers ....... xii
6.2 Preparation for Shipment ............... 26
III.B Basic Data for Vertical Pumps ....... xvi
6.3 Affidavit of Compliance ................. 26
III.C Basic Data for Horizontal Pumps . xvii
Appendixes
IV Modification to Standard ............. xvii
V Major Revisions............................ xvii A Pump Cross-Sections ..................... 27
VI Comments ................................... xvii B Field Testing of Pumps

B.1 Purpose of Field Tests ..................... 33
Standard
B.2 Accuracy of Field Testing ................ 34
1 General
B.3 Definitions and Symbols ................ 39
1.1 Scope ............................................... 1
B.4 Instrumentation ............................. 40
1.2 Purpose ............................................ 2
B.5 Test Procedure ................................ 47
1.3 Application....................................... 2
C Suggested Data Form for the
2 References ....................................... 3
Purchase of Horizontal Pumps ... 53
3 Definitions...................................... 4
D Suggested Data Form for the Purchase
4 Requirements
of Vertical Line-Shaft Pumps ...... 55
4.1 Materials .......................................... 9
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SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
E Engineering Information and B.4 Field-Test Diagram for End-

Recommendations Suction Pumps ........................... 42
E.1 Common for Horizontal and Vertical B.5 Pipe Requirements for Orifice,
Pumps ......................................... 57 Flow Nozzles, and Venturi Tubes 43
E.2 Horizontal Pumps .......................... 57 B.6 Expected Accuracy of Field Test..... 50
E.3 Vertical Pumps ............................... 57 B.7 Pump Field-Test Report ................. 51
Figures E.1 Horizontal Pump Nominal
A.1 Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Impeller-Ring Diametrical
Inline, Flexible Coupling With Clearance .................................... 59
Overhung Impeller ...................... 28 E.2 Friction Loss in Discharge Heads ... 60
A.2 Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, E.3 Friction Loss for Standard Pipe
Inline, Rigid Coupling With Column....................................... 61
Overhung Impeller ...................... 29 E.4 Mechanical Friction in Line Shafts... 62
A.3 Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Tables

Frame-Mounted Pump With 1 Pump (Horizontal or Vertical)
Overhung Impeller ...................... 30 Parts, Materials, and Definitions .. 11
A.4 Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, 2 Horizontal Pump Parts, Materials,
Axial (Horizontal) Split-Case and Definitions ........................... 12
Pump With Impeller Between 3 Vertical Pump Parts, Materials, and
Bearings ...................................... 31 Definitions .................................. 14
A.5 Deep-Well Pumps .......................... 32 4 Materials ........................................ 16
B.1 Field-Test Diagram for Line-Shaft B.1 Limits of Accuracy of Pump Test
Vertical Turbine Well Pumps ....... 41 Measuring Devices in Field Use ... 35
B.2 Field-Test Diagram for Vertical E.1 Diameters and Weights of Standard
Turbine Pumps for Booster Discharge Column Pipe Sizes ..... 60
Service ......................................... 41
B.3 Field-Test Diagram for Horizontal
Split-Case Pump.......................... 42
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Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/AWWA E103.
I. Introduction.
I.A. Background. In 1994, AWWA’s Standards Council approved development
of a new standard for Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps. The new standard was assigned
to AWWA Standards Committee 276 for Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps. Upon review
of pump standards development in 1996, AWWA’s Standards Council modified the
development process to include two new pump standards to replace ANSI/AWWA
E101-88, Standard for Vertical Turbine Pumps—Line Shaft and Submersible Types.
As part of this action, two committees were renamed. AWWA Standards Committee
276 for Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps was changed to AWWA Standards Committee
276 for Horizontal and Vertical Line Shaft Pumps. Committee 276 was charged with
development of ANSI/AWWA E103, Standard for Horizontal and Vertical Line Shaft
Pumps. AWWA Standards Committee 375 for Vertical Turbine Pumps was changed to
AWWA Standards Committee 375 for Submersible Vertical Turbine Pumps. Committee
375 was charged with development of ANSI/AWWA E102, Standard for Submersible
Vertical Turbine Pumps. During development of these two replacement standards,
ANSI/AWWA E101-88 was withdrawn effective June 2000. This first edition of E103
was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 24, 2007.
I.B. History. The original standard for vertical line shaft turbine pumps
presented the composite findings from studies conducted from 1949 to 1986 by
committees consisting of manufacturers, consumers, and engineers. The first standard
was published in 1955. In 1961, the standard was revised to include standards for
submersible vertical turbine pumps. Additional technical changes were added in the
1971 revision. Solid shaft motors were added in the 1977 revision, together with
numerous editorial changes and conversions to the international system of units. The
1977 standard was reaffirmed in 1982 without revision. Additional revisions were
made in 1988. E101-88 was withdrawn in 2000.
I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF
International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a
certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members
of the original consortium included the American Water Works Association Research
Foundation (AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental
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Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the
Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.
In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with,
drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose
requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health
effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local
agencies may use various references, including
1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking
Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990.
2. Specific policies of the state or local agency.
3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF,† NSF/ANSI‡ 60,
Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking
Water System Components—Health Effects.
4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water
Chemicals Codex,§ and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local
agency.
Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in
accordance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies that have authority
to accept or accredit organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does
not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not
regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an
unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines
(noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A
procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier.
ANSI/AWWA E103 does not address additive requirements. Thus, users of this
standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in
order to
1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products
for contact with drinking water.
* Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.
† NSF International. 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
‡ American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY
10036.
§ Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, DC 20001.
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3. Determine current information on product certification.
II. Special Issues.
II.A. General. Conditions under which a pump will operate must be carefully
evaluated by the purchaser and described by the purchaser.
II.A.1 Operating range. Evaluations should include the determination of the
hydraulic characteristics of the pumping system and the extremes (maximum and
minimum) of heads and flows under which the pump will be required to operate.
II.A.2 Inlet conditions. Pump field performance and service life can be
significantly reduced if pump inlet conditions, including net pump suction head
(NPSH), are not appropriate. Anticipated pump performance curves, including net
pump suction head required (NPSHR) curves provided by manufacturers, are based
on a flow pattern at the pump inlet being uniform, steady, and free from swirls and
vortices. Inadequate pump inlet conditions can result in damaging vibrations, excessive
component stresses, and reduced performance. Hydraulic Institute (HI) standard
ANSI/HI 9.8, Pump Intake Design, provides recommendations for both suction pipe
arrangements and wet pits (sumps).
II.A.3 Operating region. This standard does not require pumps to be furnished
that will operate within a preferred operating region (POR) or within an allowable
operating region (AOR) as defined by ANSI/HI 9.6.3, Centrifugal and Vertical Pumps
for Allowable Operating Region. Operation outside these regions will have an adverse
effect on the life of the pump. Purchasers should be aware of the operating limits when
specifying pumps and should, as a minimum, define the maximum and minimum
anticipated operating heads and flow rates. Purchasers may require submittal of data by
manufacturers, which define the operating regions and anticipated bearing life when
operating within these regions. Refer to Sec. III of this foreword.
II.A.4 Drivers. This standard does not include requirements for drivers (motors,
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engines, gear drives, etc.). Driver torque characteristics must be suitable for the pump
torque requirements and the pump starting and stopping method. Driver requirements
should be provided by the purchaser.
II.A.5 Driver mounting and compatibility. Drivers are an integral part of a
pumping unit. Drivers affect pump-to-driver coupling requirements, motor stands
(vertical turbine pumps), base plates (horizontal pumps), shaft seals, and vibration levels.
Bearings in drivers that support rotating elements of the pump must be designed for static
and dynamic thrust loads. This standard does not require the pump manufacturer to
furnish the driver nor to mount the driver to the pump. If this is a concern, requirements
for furnishing or mounting the driver should be provided by the purchaser.
ix

II.A.6 Can pumps. Pump barrels or cans, while not an integral part of a vertical
pumping unit, can significantly affect pump performance, as can any sump arrangement
that affects the flow pattern at the pump inlet. Pump barrels can be fabricated from
many materials, including concrete and steel pipe. Barrel inlet piping inlet velocity
and barrel dimensions will affect pump performance. Barrel inlets located too close
to the pump suction inlet may produce turbulence affecting performance or causing
vibration. Flow vanes and/or suction inlet devices may be required. This standard
does not include pump barrel requirements. Requirements for pump cans, including
installation, can be found in ANSI/HI 9.8, Pump Intake Design. This standard does
not require the pump manufacturer to furnish the barrel nor mount the barrel to the
pump. If there is a requirement for furnishing the barrel or mounting the pump in the
barrel, this should be noted by the purchaser.
II.B. Advisory Information on Product Application. This standard does not
cover applications or manufacturing technologies. Some waters may have high
conductivity levels well in excess of 200 microhms/cm, where it may be advisable
to consult with a metallurgist or corrosion expert to determine whether special
materials or techniques to deal with galvanic corrosion are required. The purchaser
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should identify special requirements and deviations from this standard, and include
appropriate language in purchase documents. (For example, Sec. 4.4.3.2.3 of this
standard requires vertical pump suction cases and bells to have grease-packed CA
[bronze] bearings. If other types of bearings are required, this should be stated in the
purchase documents.)
II.B.1 Materials. Materials required by this standard are selected based on
suitability for operation with water as described in the scope. Selection is based on
successful experience in the waterworks industry.
II.B.1.1 Treatment chemicals. The potential for corrosion because of chemicals
added to the water should be considered. Materials, including some bronzes and rubber
compounds exposed to water containing chlorine, chloramines, or other chemicals,
may not be suitable. If such problems are anticipated, the purchaser should identify
the maximum expected concentrations of these chemicals and other factors, such as
pH and temperature ranges, that may affect the corrosivity of these chemicals. The
purchaser should consult with the manufacturers and, if appropriate, specify special
requirements for these materials.
II.B.1.2 Disinfection chemicals. Pumps are often disinfected prior to being
placed in service initially or after a repair. During the disinfection process, wetted
surfaces are exposed to liquids far more corrosive than that allowed by the scope of

this standard. Materials required by this standard may not be suitable for prolonged
exposure to corrosive chemicals, including chlorine and sodium hypochlorite.
Therefore, these chemicals should be removed and surfaces flushed with water meeting
scope requirements immediately after disinfection.
II.B.1.3 Dealloying. Some waters promote dealloying corrosion of some copper
alloys in the form of dezincification or dealuminization, particularly when the material
is exposed to water at high velocity. If this is a concern, purchasers should consult with
the manufacturer and, if appropriate, specify alternate materials.
II.B.2 Coatings. This standard requires that ferrous (except for stainless) surfaces
of pumps exposed to water be coated. The purchaser should delete this requirement if
coatings are not required.
II.C. Pump Tests.
II.C.1 Factory tests
II.C.1.1 Procedures. This standard requires factory tests to be performed in
accordance with the current version of ANSI/HI 1.6, Centrifugal Pump Tests, and
ANSI/HI 2.6, Vertical Pump Tests.
II.C.1.2 Extent. This standard requires nonwitnessed hydrostatic testing only.
1. For horizontal pumps: the assembled pump.
2. For vertical pumps: the bowl assembly and discharge head.
II.C.1.3 Additional factory tests. Additional factory tests, including hydrostatic
tests of an assembled vertical pump, vertical pump column section, performance,
NPSHR, mechanical, and witnessed tests, may be included by the purchaser.
II.C.2 Field Tests. This standard does not include field performance testing
requirements. The following can be used to define field-test requirements.
1. ANSI/HI 1.6 and 2.6 test standards, as described above for factory tests, may
be used for field testing at the discretion of the purchaser. ANSI/HI test standards
require minimum pipe lengths, internal straightening vanes, and other criteria that,
while practical in a controlled test loop, may not be available in the field. Application
of this standard for field testing requires parties to agree on the scope and protocol of
the test prior to the test.
2. ASME-PTC 8.2, Centrifugal Pumps, relies on the parties’ agreement be-
forehand on the scope and protocol of the test. The code does not include acceptable
performance tolerances and does not address how test results shall be used to compare
with guarantees.
3. Appendix B included with this Standard.
III. Use of this Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA
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standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use
in the particular application being considered.
III.A. Information for Manufacturers. When placing orders for pumps,
purchasers should provide basic data to manufacturers, so that pumps will meet
purchaser’s requirements. Suggested forms that can be used to order pumps are located
in appendixes C and D.
III.A.1 Basic data for vertical and horizontal pumps.
III.A.1.1 Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA E103, Standard for Horizontal
and Vertical Line-Shaft Pumps.
III.A.1.2 Installation location (country, state, or province).
III.A.1.3 Water data.
III.A.1.3.a Temperature range.
III.A.1.3.b pH range.
III.A.1.3.c Vapor pressure range (function of altitude and temperature).
III.A.1.3.d Maximum concentration of corrosive chemicals, including but not
limited to
1. Free chlorine.
2. Chloramine.
3. Chlorides.
4. Ozone.
5. Other (include other oxidants and corrosive chemicals).
III.A.1.3.e Solids.
1. Maximum sand concentration after a 15-min pumping interval.
2. Maximum size of solids allowed to pass through the pump.
III.A.1.4 Operating conditions.
III.A.1.4.a Altitude at impeller shaft (for vertical pumps, use the eye of the lowest
impeller).
III.A.1.4.b Maximum suction pressure or maximum static suction lift.
III.A.1.4.c Pump startup and shutdown conditions:
1. Describe in detail if discharge valve is other than a mechanical gravity-
actuated type of check valve.
2. If the driver is variable speed and the discharge valve is other than a mechani-
cal nonactuated type of check valve, describe the timing and coordination of valve
opening and closure with pump speed ramp-up and ramp-down times.
III.A.1.4.d Reverse rotation.
1. Indicate if the pump system will or will not be equipped with means to pre-
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xii

vent reverse shaft rotation. Nonreverse ratchets are required for motors that drive open
line shaft vertical turbine pumps having a minimum water level that is 50 ft (15 m) or
more below the elevation of the shaft seal in the discharge head.
2. For pump systems without means to prevent reverse rotation, indicate the
maximum differential pressure across the pump during flow reversal.
III.A.1.4.e Speed. Specify speed for constant speed pumps (usually maximum
speed based on a review of pump curves and discussions with manufacturers). If
variable speed pumps are required, specify an operating speed range.
III.A.1.4.f Sanitary codes. Provide information necessary for the pump to be
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constructed to meet applicable code requirements.

III.A.1.5 Performance Requirements. Refer to Section 3 of this standard for
definition of terms.
III.A.1.5.a At rated condition point.
1. Rate of flow.
2. Total head or bowl assembly total head.
Note: Total head must be used for horizontal pumps. Either total head or bowl
assembly total head can be used for vertical pumps. The latter is used when the
purchaser accounts for and is responsible for head losses in the strainer, suction pipe (if
used), suction vessel (can pumps), column, and discharge head.
3. Minimum efficiency:
a. Pump efficiency; or
b. Bowl assembly efficiency, if bowl assembly total head is specified; or
c. Overall (wire-to-water) efficiency. Note: This can be specified only if the
drive is supplied by the pump manufacturer.
4. Net positive suction head allowed (NPSHA) range.
III.A.1.5.b At other condition points. Pumps are usually required to provide a
minimum rate of flow under high head conditions, which may exist when multiple
pumps operate, when the discharge gradient is at a maximum, or when the suction
gradient is at a minimum. Pumps are also required to operate under minimum head
conditions, which may exist when only one pump in a station that has multiple
pumps operates, when the discharge gradient is at a minimum, or when the suction
gradient is at a maximum. Including a system head curve, especially on multiple pump
installations and variable speed systems, will allow the pump supplier to select the most
suitable pump curve shape for the application.
1. Maximum head condition. Include data listed above for the rated condition
point except:
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a. Instead of rate of flow, specify minimum rate of flow.
b. Instead of total head or bowl assembly total head, specify maximum total
head or maximum bowl assembly total head.
2. Minimum head condition. Include data listed above for the rated condition
point except:
a. Instead of rate of flow, specify maximum rate of flow.
b. Instead of total head or bowl assembly total head, specify minimum total
head or minimum bowl assembly total head.
c. Instead of NPSHA, specify a maximum NPSHR.
III.A.1.5.c Allowable suction specific speed (maximum or range).
III.A.1.5.d Pump input power (brake horsepower). Specify the maximum input
power required for the pump assembly over the required pump operating range.
Note 1: Thrust-bearing power requirements must be considered by the purchaser
and added to the pump input horsepower when pump thrust bearings are provided in the
driver and the driver is not part of the pump assembly. Gear drive power requirements
must also be considered if the gear drive is not part of the pump assembly.
Note 2: Vertical turbine pump line-shaft bearing losses must also be considered by
the purchaser and added to pump input horsepower when bowl assembly performance
has been specified.
III.A.1.5.e Best efficiency point (BEP).
1. Specify the minimum efficiency required at the BEP.
2. Flow at BEP. Pumps should be selected for maximum efficiency at the nor-
mal condition point. Constant speed pumps in a multiple pump system normally
operate at a higher flow rate when not operating in parallel with other pumps. Variable
speed pumps normally operate at a lower flow rate than the flow at the rated condition
point, when the rated condition point is based on the maximum speed. Specify a range
of flows or heads that the BEP must fall within.
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III.A.1.6 Construction requirements.

III.A.1.6.a Impeller type: open, semi-open or enclosed.
III.A.1.6.b Impeller wear rings. Wear rings can be specified for enclosed impellers.
Thrust balance type rings can be specified for both semi-open and enclosed impellers.
III.A.1.7 Stuffing box arrangement. Specify the type of sealing required. Select
packing, single mechanical seal, or double mechanical seal.
III.A.1.8 Packing or mechanical seal cooling and lubricating water requirements.
III.A.1.8.a Water must be supplied to the packing or seal when the shaft is
rotating. Water suitable for this purpose may be available from the fluid being pumped.
xiv

It may also be desirable to provide water to packing when the shaft is not rotating, to
prevent loss of prime (pumps with suction lifts) or prevent packing from drying out.
III.A.1.8.b If the water contains materials that can cause rapid packing or seal
wear, suitable clean water at the appropriate pressure from an external source should
be applied to the lantern ring of the packing. If a mechanical seal is used, it should be
a double seal with clean water applied between the seal elements.
III.A.1.8.c If the pressure of the pumped fluid at the upstream face of the packing
or seal is less than 10 psig (69 kPa), which may be the case with horizontal double-
suction and end-suction pumps, clean water should be supplied from a connection to
the pump volute.
III.A.1.8.d If water at a pressure of 10 psig (69 kPa) or greater is not available
for a period exceeding 60 sec during startup (as may be the case with vertical pumps
having deep settings or slowly rising water columns), clean water should be supplied
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from an external source during the startup period.
III.A.1.8.e Specify cooling and lubricating water arrangement and
requirements.
III.A.2 Materials.
III.A.2.1 Drinking Water Requirements. Refer to Sec. 4.1. The purchaser should
state whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components—
Health Effects is required, in addition to the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water
Act. If this certification is required, the purchaser should note, “This product shall
be certified as suitable for contact with drinking water by an accredited certification
organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components—
Health Effects.” Note that if the purchaser specifies a wetted component that was not
part of the tested and certified product, the certification may not be valid.
Purchasers should be aware that the availability of NSF/ANSI 61-certified pumps
is very limited, and this requirement may limit competition and add to the cost and
delivery time of the pumps. Purchasers should also be aware that some states will allow
installation of noncertified pumps, based on submittal and acceptance of materials
used to construct the pump, especially if suitable certified pumps are not available.
III.A.2.2 Alternative Materials. Purchasers may specify alternative materials or
limit manufacturer’s choices of materials listed in this standard. For example, this
standard lists silicon bronze, aluminum bronze, and stainless steel as impeller materials.
Silicon bronze may not be suitable if the water contains a significant concentration of
chlorine or chloramine. Aluminum bronze and stainless steel components may be more
costly and difficult to fabricate then silicon bronze components. Purchasers should be
xv

aware that alternatives or limitations on manufacturer’s selections may increase costs
and delivery time.
III.A.3 Flanges. This standard requires flat-faced flanges. If other facing is
required, it must be specified by the purchaser.
III.A.4 Factory tests.
III.A.4.1 Tests other than the hydrostatic tests described in Section 5 may be
desired. Purchasers can specify the following additional tests in accordance with current
ANSI/HI standards.
1. Performance.
2. NPSHR.
3. Mechanical.
4. Prime time for self-priming pumps.
5. Airborne sound.
III.A.4.2 Witnessed Testing. Purchaser may specify optional witnessed testing
for all or some of the factory tests.
III.A.4.3 Special Testing. Purchaser may specify variations from the ANSI/HI
standard tests. These variations may include duplication of field conditions.
III.A.4.4 Other Testing. Purchaser may specify testing a sample pump selected at
random for any test other than the prescribed hydrostatic tests.
III.A.5 Submittals. This standard includes minimum requirements for submittals.
If additional submittals (including affidavits of compliance) are required, they should
be provided by the purchaser.
III.A.6 Shop inspections. This standard does not provide for inspections at the
manufacturer’s facility either during or after the pumps are constructed. If inspections
are required, the extent should be defined by the purchaser.
III.B. Basic Data for Vertical Pumps.
III.B.1 Construction requirements.
III.B.1.1 Specify type. Refer to ANSI/HI 2.1–2.2, Vertical Pumps for
Nomenclature and Definitions, for a description of types. Select:
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1. Barrel (can) pump with suction nozzle in discharge head or in barrel.

2. Deep well.
3. Wet pit with above-floor or below-floor discharge.
III.B.1.2 Specify line shaft and bearing details.
1. Open or enclosed line shaft.
2. For open line shaft specify bearing material (bronze or rubber).
3. For enclosed line shaft specify lubrication (water or oil).
xvi

III.B.1.3 Specify column pipe details.
1. Refer to appendix E for recommendations.
2. Specify nominal size, wall thickness, and material.
III.B.2 Driver details. Although drivers are not included in this standard,
they are an important component of a vertical pump. Refer to appendix E for
recommendations.
III.C. Basic Data for Horizontal Pumps.
III.C.1 Construction requirements.
III.C.1.1 Specify type. Refer to ANSI/HI 1.1–1.2, Centrifugal Pumps for
Nomenclature and Definitions, for a description of types. Select:
1. Separately coupled, single-stage, inline, flexible coupling.
2. Separately coupled, single-stage, inline, rigid coupling.
3. Separately coupled, single-stage, end suction.
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4. Separately coupled, single-stage, horizontal axial or mixed flow.

5. Single-stage, horizontal, double- or single-suction split case.
6. Vertically mounted, horizontal, double- or single-suction split case.
IV. Modification to Standard. Any modification of the provisions,
definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
V. Major Revisions. This is the first edition of this standard.
VI. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please call the AWWA Volunteer and Technical Support Group at 303.794.7711,
FAX 303.795.7603, write to the group at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO
80235-3098, or e-mail at [email protected].
xvii

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ANSI/AWWA E103-07
(First Edition))
AWWA Standard
Horizontal and Vertical

Line-Shaft Pumps
SECTION 1: GENERAL
Sec. 1.1 Scope

This standard provides minimum requirements for horizontal centrifugal
pumps and for vertical line-shaft pumps for installation in wells, water treatment
plants, water transmission systems, and water distribution systems.
1.1.1 Service. Pumps described in this standard are intended for pumping
fresh water having a pH range between 5.5 and 10.0, a temperature range from
33°F to 125°F (14°C to 37°C), a maximum chloride content of 250 mg/L, and a
maximum suspended solids content of 1,000 mg/L, and which is either potable or
will be treated to become potable.
1.1.2 Pumps covered by this standard.
1.1.2.1 Driver power range: 10 hp to 1,500 hp (7 kW to 1,100 kW).
1.1.2.2 Rate of flow (at BEP): 100 gpm to 40,000 gpm (23 m3/hr to 9,100
m3/hr).
1.1.2.3 Maximum discharge pressure ratings. The maximum steady-state
pressure at the pump discharge (which considers the suction pressure, possible op-
eration for short periods at shutoff head, and the elevation of the discharge) is
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2 AWWA E103-07
limited to the pressure rating for the ANSI/AWWA C207 class of flange shown for
the pump types described below.
1. For horizontal pumps:
–Discharge 42 in. (1,067 mm) and larger: Class E (275 psig,
1,900 kPa).
–Discharge smaller than 42 in.: Class F (300 psig, 2,100 kPa).
2. For vertical line-shaft pumps: Class F (300 psig, 2,100 kPa).
1.1.2.4 Maximum steady-state suction pressure ratings.
1. For horizontal pumps: 50 psig (340 kPa).
2. For vertical line-shaft pumps: 100 psig (700 kPa).
1.1.3 Pump types included in this standard.
1.1.3.1 Horizontal pumps. Refer to Hydraulic Institute (HI) Standard
ANSI/HI 1.1–1.2 for a description of types:
1. Separately coupled, single-stage, inline, flexible coupling.
2. Separately coupled, single-stage, inline, rigid coupling.
3. Separately coupled, single-stage, end suction.
4. Separately coupled, single-stage, horizontal, axial or mixed flow.
5. Single-stage, horizontal, double- or single-suction split case.
6. Vertically mounted, horizontal, double- or single-suction split case.
1.1.3.2 Vertical pumps. Refer to ANSI/HI 2.1–2.2 for a description of types:
1. Barrel (can) pump with suction nozzle in discharge head or in
barrel.
2. Deep well.
3. Wet pit with above- or below-floor discharge.
1.1.4 Drivers. This standard does not include drivers.
1.1.5 Conditions not covered by this standard.
1. Conditions resulting from water hammer, cavitation, and hydraulic
pulsations.
2. Excessive installed operating noise and vibrations, which may re-
quire special design, construction, and installation.
Sec. 1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this standard is to provide minimum requirements for water
system pumps of the types identified in Sec. 1.1.
Sec. 1.3 Application
This standard can be referenced by the purchaser for pumps described in
Sec. 1.1.
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HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL LINE-SHAFT PUMPS 3
SECTION 2: REFERENCES
This standard references the following documents in their current editions.

These documents form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the
standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
ANSI*/AWWA C207—Steel Pipe Flanges for Waterworks Service—Sizes
4 In. Through 144 In. (100 mm Through 3,600 mm).
ANSI/AWWA C210—Liquid-Epoxy Coating Systems for the Interior and
Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines.
ANSI/AWWA C550—Protective Epoxy Interior Coatings for Valves and
Hydrants.
ANSI/HI† 1.1–1.2—Centrifugal Pumps for Nomenclature and Definitions.
ANSI/HI 1.6—Centrifugal Pump Tests.
ANSI/HI 2.1–2.2—Vertical Pumps for Nomenclature and Definitions.
ANSI/HI 2.6—Vertical Pump Tests.
ANSI/HI 9.6.3—Centrifugal and Vertical Pumps for Allowable Operating
Region.
ANSI/HI 9.8—Pump Intake Design.
ASME‡ B1.20.1—Pipe Threads, General Purpose, Inch.
ASME B4.1—Preferred Limits and Fits For Cylindrical Parts.
ASME B16.1—Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings.
ASME B46.1—Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay).
ASME PTC 8.2—Centrifugal Pumps.
ASTM§ A36—Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel.
ASTM A47—Standard Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Castings.
ASTM A48—Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings.
ASTM A53—Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped,
Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless.
ASTM A194—Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for
Bolts for High-Pressure or High-Temperature Service, or Both.
ASTM A276—Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes.
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* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
† Hydraulic Institute, 9 Sylvan Way, Parsippany NJ, 07054. (www.pumps.org)
‡ ASME International, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
§ ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

4 AWWA E103-07
ASTM A283—Standard Specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile

Strength Carbon Steel Plates.
ASTM A536—Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings.
ASTM B16—Standard Specification for Free-Cutting, Brass Rod, Bar, and
Shapes for use in Screw Machines.
ASTM B505—Standard Specification for Copper-Base Alloy Continuous
Castings.
ASTM B584—Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings for
General Applications.
AWWA M11—Steel Water Pipe—A Guide for Design and Installation.
MSS* SP-55—Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges, Fit-
tings, and Other Piping Components–Visual Method for Evaluation of Surface
Irregularities.
NSF/ANSI 61—Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects.
SSPC†-SP2—Hand Tool Cleaning.
SSPC-SP6—Commercial Blast Cleaning.
SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS
The following definitions shall apply in this standard. Definitions of pump

components are included in Sec. 4.3.
1. Allowable operating range: Flow range at specified speeds with the
impeller supplied, as limited by cavitation, heating, vibration, noise, shaft deflec-
tion, fatigue, and other similar criteria. This range is to be specified by the manu-
facturer.
2. Atmospheric head (hatm ): Local atmospheric pressure expressed in
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ft (m).
3. Best efficiency point (BEP): The rate of flow and corresponding head
condition at which maximum pump efficiency is achieved.
4. Bowl assembly efficiency (ηba ): This is the efficiency obtained from
the bowl assembly, excluding hydraulic and mechanical losses within other pump
components.
* Manufacturers Standardization Society, 127 Park St., N.E., Vienna, VA 22180.

† SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th Street, 6th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222.

5. Bowl assembly input power (Pba ): The power delivered to the bowl
assembly shaft, expressed in hp (kW).
6. Condition point, normal: The point at which the pump will nor-
mally operate. It may be the same as the rated condition point.
7. Condition point, rated: The rate of flow, head, net positive suction
head required (NPSHR), and speed of the pump, as specified by the purchaser.
8. Condition point, specified: Synonymous with rated condition point.
9. Cosmetic defect: A blemish that has no effect on the ability of the
component to meet the structural design and test requirements of this standard.
Should the blemish or the activity of plugging, welding, grinding, or repairing of
the blemish cause the component to fail these requirements, the blemish shall be
considered a structural defect.
10. Datum: A horizontal plane that serves as the reference for head
measurements taken during test. Vertical pumps are usually tested in an open pit
with the suction flooded. The datum is then the eye of the first stage impeller.
Optional tests can be performed with the pump mounted in a suction can.
Irrespective of pump mounting, the pump’s datum is maintained at the eye of the
first stage impeller.
For horizontal pump units, the pump’s datum shall be referenced from the
centerline of the shaft. For vertical double-suction pumps, the pump’s datum shall
be referenced from the center of the first/lowest impeller.
11. Electric motor input power (Pmot ): The electrical input power to the
motor, expressed in hp (kW).
12. Elevation head (Z): The potential energy of the liquid because of
its elevation relative to datum level, measured to the center of the pressure gauge
or liquid level.
13. Field test pressure: The maximum static test pressure used for leak
testing a closed pumping system in the field if the pumps are not isolated. Gener-
ally 125 percent of the maximum allowable casing working pressure. Where me-
chanical seals are used, this pressure may be limited by the pressure-containing
capabilities of the seal.
Note: See definition for maximum allowable casing working pressure. Con-
sideration may limit the field-test pressure of the pump to 125 percent of the maxi-
mum allowable casing working pressure on the suction side of double-casing can-
type pumps and certain other pump types.
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6 AWWA E103-07
14. Friction head (hf ): The hydraulic energy required to overcome fric-
tional resistance of a piping system to liquid flow, expressed in ft (m).
15. Gauge head (hg ): The energy of the liquid because of its pressure
relative to atmospheric pressure, as determined by a pressure gauge or other pressure-
measuring device. Gauge head is positive when the reading is above atmospheric
pressure and negative when below. Gauge head is measured in ft (m).
16. Head (h): The expression of the energy content of the liquid re-
ferred to any arbitrary datum. It is expressed in units of energy per unit weight of
liquid. The measuring unit for head is ft (m) of liquid.
17. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or products.
18. Maximum allowable casing working pressure: The highest pressure
at the specified pumping temperature for which the pump casing is designed. This
pressure shall be equal to or greater than the maximum discharge pressure. In the
case of double-casing can pumps, the maximum allowable casing working pressure
on the suction side may be different from that on the discharge side. Maximum
allowable casing working pressure is expressed in psi (kPa).
19. Maximum discharge pressure: The highest discharge pressure to
which the pump will be subjected during operation, which is expressed in psi
(kPa).
20. Maximum suction pressure: The highest suction pressure to which
the pump will be subjected during operation.
21. Net positive suction head available (NPSHA): The total suction head
in ft (m) of water absolute, determined at the first-stage impeller datum, less the
absolute vapor pressure of the water in ft (m):
NPSHA = hsa – hvp (Eq 1)

Where:
hsa = Total suction head absolute = hatm + hs (Eq 2)
or
NPSHA = hatm + hs – hvp (Eq 3)
In can pumps, NPSHA is often determined at the suction flange. Since

NPSHR is determined at the first-stage impeller, the NPSHA value must be ad-
justed to the first stage impeller by adding the difference in elevation and subtract-
ing the losses in the can.
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22. Net positive suction head required (NPSHR): The percent loss in
total head to the first stage of the pump at a specific rate of flow.
23. Overall efficiency (hOA ): Also referred to as wire-to-water efficiency,
this is the ratio of the power imparted to the liquid (Pw ) by the pump to the power
supplied to the motor (Pmot ); that is, the ratio of the water horsepower to the power
input to the motor, expressed in percent.
24. Pump efficiency (hp): The ratio of the pump output power (Pw ) to
the pump input power (Pp ); that is, the ratio of the water horsepower to the brake
horsepower, expressed in percent.
25. Pump input power (Pp ): The power needed to drive the complete
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pump assembly, including bowl assembly input power, line-shaft power loss, stuff-
ing box loss, and thrust-bearing loss. With pumps that have built-in thrust bearing,
the power delivered to the pump shaft coupling is equal to the pump input power.
With pumps that rely on the driver thrust-bearing, the thrust bearing loss shall be
added to the power delivered to the pump shaft. It is also called brake horsepower
(bhp). Pump input power is expressed in hp (kW).
26. Pump output power (Pw ): The power imparted to the liquid by the
pump. It is also called water horsepower, and is expressed in hp (kW).
27. Pump total discharge head (hd ): The sum of the discharge gauge
head (hgd) measured after the discharge elbow, plus the velocity head (hvd) at the
point of gauge attachment, plus the elevation (Zd ) from the discharge gauge center-
line to the pump datum. Pump total discharge head is measured in ft (m).
hd = hgd + hvd + Zd (Eq 4)
28. Pump total head (H): The measure of energy increase per unit
weight of the liquid, imparted to the liquid by the pump, expressed as the differ-
ence between the total discharge head and the total suction head.
Total head is normally specified for pumping applications, since the complete
characteristics of a system determine the total head required.
29. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases
products, materials, or work to be performed.
30. Rate of flow (capacity) (Q ): The total volume throughput per unit
of time at the suction inlet. It includes both water and any dissolved or entrained
gases existing at the stated operating conditions. Rate of flow is measured in gpm
(m3/hr).

8 AWWA E103-07
31. Shutoff: The condition of zero flow when no water is flowing from
the pump during pump operation.
32. Single-plane balancing (also called static balancing): Correction of
residual imbalance to a specified maximum limit by removing or adding weight
in one correction plane only. Can be accomplished statically using balance rails or
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by spinning.
33. Speed (n): The number of revolutions of the shaft in a given unit of
time. Speed is expressed as rpm.
34. Static suction lift (ls ): A hydraulic pressure below atmospheric at
the intake port of the pump, expressed in ft (m).
35. Structural defect: A flaw that causes the component to fail the struc-
tural design or test requirements of this standard. This includes, but is not limited
to, imperfections that result in leakage through the walls of a casting, and failure
to meet the minimum wall-thickness requirement.
36. Submerged suction: When the centerline of the pump inlet is below
the level of the liquid in the supply source.
37. Total suction head (hs ), closed suction: For closed suction installa-
tions, the pump suction nozzle may be located either above or below water level.
The total suction head (hs ), referred to the eye of the first-stage impeller, is
the algebraic sum of the suction gauge head (hgs ), plus the velocity head (hvs ) at
point of gauge attachment, plus the elevation (Zs ) from the suction gauge center-
line (or manometer zero) to the pump datum:
hs = hgs + hvs + Zs (Eq 5)
The elevation (Zs ) is positive when the suction gauge is located above the
datum and negative when below.
38. Total suction head (hs ), open suction: For open suction (wet pit) in-
stallations, the first-stage impeller of the bowl assembly is submerged in a pit. The
submergence in ft (m) of water (Zw ). Total suction head is measured in ft (m). The
average velocity head of the flow in the pit is small enough to be neglected:
hs = Zw (Eq 6)
Where:
Zw = Vertical distance in ft (m) from free water surface to
datum.

39. Two-plane balancing (also called dynamic balancing): Correction

of residual imbalance to a specified limit by removing or adding weight in two
correction planes. Accomplished by spinning on appropriate balancing machines.
40. Velocity head (hv ): The kinetic energy of the liquid at a given cross-
section. Velocity head is measured in ft (m). Velocity head is expressed by the fol-
lowing equation:
2
hv = v (Eq 7)
2g
Where:
v = rate of flow divided by the cross-section area at the point of
gauge connection. Average velocity is expressed in ft/sec
(m/sec).
g = 32.2 ft/sec2 (9.81 m/sec2).
41. Vertical pump bowl assembly total head (Hba ): The sum of gauge
head (hgd) measured at a gauge connection located on the column pipe downstream
from the bowl assembly, plus the velocity head (hv ) at point of gauge connection,
plus the vertical distance (Zd ) from datum to the pressure gauge centerline, minus
the submergence Zw, which is the vertical distance from datum to the water level,
plus the friction loss between the bowl exit and point of gauge connection and
in the suction pipe and strainer, if used (hf ). These friction losses are usually very
small. Bowl assembly total head is measured in ft (m).
Hba = hgd + hv + Zd – Zw + hf (Eq 8)
42. Working pressure (pd ): The maximum discharge pressure that oc-
curs in the pump when it is operated at rated speed and suction pressure for the
given application. Working pressure is expressed in psi (kPa).
SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 4.1 Materials

4.1.1 Regulations. Materials shall comply with the requirements of the Safe
Drinking Water Act and other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements.
4.1.2 Coatings, lubricants, and temporary corrosion prevention compounds.
These materials shall comply with NSF/ANSI 61 when applied to surfaces that
include, but are not limited to, interior pump surfaces, interior pump column

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10 AWWA E103-07
surfaces, and the exterior surfaces of pumps or pump components (usually vertical
pump columns) immersed in water.
4.1.3 Pump components. Part names, item numbers, and definitions shown
on Tables 1 through 3 are copied from ANSI/HI 1.1–1.2, Horizontal Pumps, and
ANSI/HI 2.1–2.2, Vertical Pumps. Item numbers refer to pump component lo-
cations as shown on drawings located in the referenced ANSI/HI standards and
shown in appendix A. If a component does not have an item number, it is defined
in this standard and not the ANSI/HI standard. Materials listed are requirements
for pumps meeting this standard. If no material is listed, manufacturers may pro-
vide their standard material, unless requirements are described in subsequent sec-
tions of this standard or in the purchaser’s documents.
The following are abbreviations used in the tables and elsewhere in this
standard:
CRM: corrosion-resistant material.
CA: copper alloy.
Additional requirements for materials are also defined in Sec. 4.1.4.
4.1.3.1 Alternative materials. Materials shown in Tables 1 through 3 are
suitable for most applications with water meeting the conditions described in
Sec. 1.1.1. However, materials shown may not be appropriate for all applications,
water quality, and jurisdictions.
1. Cost. Water may not be as aggressive as described in Sec. 1.1.1, or
a long service life may not be required. In this case, lower-cost materials such as
cast- or ductile-iron impellers may be appropriate.
2. Water quality. Some waters promote dealloying corrosion of some cop-
per alloys in the form of dezincification or dealuminization, particularly when the ma-
terial is exposed to water at high velocity. In this case, appropriate copper alloys, cast
iron, ductile iron, or stainless steel may be required instead of the listed materials.
3. Regulatory requirements. Materials selected for components shown
in Tables 1 through 3, which are in contact with the pumped fluid, do not have a
lead content in excess of 1 percent except for bearings, which may contain as much
as 8 percent. Specific materials or alternative materials may be required to meet
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regulatory requirements in some jurisdictions.

As noted in Sec. III.B.1.1.2 in the foreword, purchasers can specify alterna-
tive materials or limit manufacturer’s choices of material listed in this standard.
4.1.4 Physical and chemical properties. Materials shall conform to the
requirements of this subsection (see Table 4).

Table 1. Pump (horizontal or vertical) parts, materials, and definitions

Item Materials List
Part Name Definition
No. by AWWA
Cast Iron
Base plate 23 A member on which the pump and its driver are mounted.
Steel 4
A replaceable sleeve or ring placed in the end of the stuffing box
Bushing, stuffing box 63 CA 3
opposite the gland.
Coupling half, driver 42 The coupling half mounted on the driver shaft. Steel 4
Coupling half, pump 44 The coupling half mounted on the pump shaft. Steel 4
A flange or collar around a shaft and rotating with it to prevent Steel 4
Deflector 40
passage of liquid, grease, oil, or heat along the shaft. Rubber
Resilient material used to seal joints between parts to prevent
Gasket 73
leakage.
Cast Iron
A follower that compresses packing in a stuffing box or retains
Gland 17 Stainless Steel 2
the stationary element of a mechanical seal.
CA 4
Guard, coupling 131 A protective shield over a shaft coupling. Steel
A bladed member of the rotating assembly of the pump, which CA 1, 2, or 3
Impeller 2 imparts the principal force to the liquid. Also called a Stainless Steel
propeller for axial flow pumps. 1 or 2
A parallel-sided piece used to prevent the impeller from rotating Stainless Steel
Key, impeller 32
relative to the shaft. 1, 2, 3, or 4
A pliable lubricated material used to provide a seal around that
Packing 13
portion of the shaft located in the stuffing box.
Fasteners used to assemble pump components, which can be
pressurized. Stainless Steel
Pressure bolting
Use Stainless Steel 5 or 6 for pressure bolting that is wetted. 5 or 6
Steel 5 can be used for non-wetted bolting.
CA 3
A stationary replaceable ring to protect the bowl (or case) at the
Ring, bowl (or case) 213 Stainless Steel
running fit with the impeller ring or the impeller.
3 or 4
CA 3
Ring, Impeller 8 Provides water seal at impeller. Stainless Steel
3 or 4
CA 4
Ring, lantern 29 Spaces out packing to allow for injection of lubricant.
PTFE
A device flexibly mounted on the shaft in or on the stuffing box
Seal, mechanical,
80 having a smooth, flat sealing face held against the stationary
rotating element
sealing face.
Seal, mechanical, A subassembly consisting of one or more parts mounted in or
65
stationary element on a stuffing box and having a smooth flat sealing face.
A cylindrical piece used to provide axial space for the removal
Spacer, coupling 88 of the rotating assembly or mechanical seal without Steel 3
removing the driver.
Strainer 209 A device used to prevent large objects from entering the pump. Steel 4
(Part name, item number, and definition courtesy of Hydraulic Institute)
Table continued next page.

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12 AWWA E103-07
Table 1. Pump (horizontal or vertical) parts, materials, and definitions (continued)

Item Materials List
No. by AWWA
A portion of the casing through which the shaft extends, and
Stuffing box 83 in which packing or a mechanical seal is placed to prevent or Cast Iron
minimize leakage.
Table 2. Horizontal pump parts, materials, and definitions

Item Materials List
No. by AWWA
Cast Iron
Base 53 A pedestal to support a pump.
Steel
The bearing nearest the coupling of a double suction pump, but
Bearing, inboard 16
farthest from the coupling of an end suction pump.
The bearing most distant from the coupling of a double suction
Bearing, outboard 18
pump, but nearest to the coupling of an end suction pump.
Bracket, bearing 125 Detachable bracket that contains a bearing.
The removable portion of a sleeve bearing in contact with the
Bushing, bearing 39
journal.
Bushing, interstage A tubular-shaped replaceable piece mounted in the interstage
113
diaphragm diaphragm.
Bushing, pressure A replaceable piece used to reduce the liquid pressure at the
117
reducing stuffing box by throttling the flow.
Bushing, throttle, A stationary ring or sleeve placed in the gland of a mechanical
171
auxiliary seal subassembly to restrict leakage in the event of seal failure.
Cap, bearing,
41 The removable upper portion of the inboard bearing housing.
inboard
Cap, bearing,
43 The removable upper portion of the outboard bearing housing.
outboard
The portion of the pump that includes the impeller chamber
Casing 1 Cast Iron
and volute or diff user.
Collar, shaft 68 A ring used on a shaft to establish a shoulder for a ball bearing.
A circular collar mounted on a shaft to absorb the unbalanced
Collar, thrust 72
axial thrust in the pump.
Coupling, oil pump 120 A means of connecting the driver shaft to the oil pump shaft.
A mechanism used to transmit power from the drive shaft to the
Coupling, shaft 70
pump shaft, or to connect two pieces of shaft.
A plate closing the tachometer port in the end of the outboard
Cover, bearing end 123
bearing housing.
An enclosing plate for either end of an inboard bearing of
Cover, bearing,
35 double suction or multistage pumps, or for the impeller end
inboard
of the bearing of end suction pumps.
An enclosing plate for either end of the outboard bearing of
Cover, bearing,
37 double suction or multistage pumps, or for the coupling end
outboard
of the bearing of end suction pumps.
Cover, oil bearing A lid or plate over an oil filler hole or inspection hole in a
45
cap bearing cap.
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Table 2. Horizontal pump parts, materials, and definitions (continued)

Item Materials List
No. by AWWA
A removable piece, with which the inlet nozzle may be integral,
Cover, suction 9 used to enclose the suction side of the casing of end suction
pumps.
A piece, adjacent to the impeller exit, which has multiple
Diff user 5
passages of increasing area for converting velocity to pressure.
A curved water passage, usually 90 degrees, attached to the
Elbow, suction 57
pump inlet.
A member of an end suction pump to which are assembled the
Frame 19 Cast Iron
liquid end and rotating element.
Gasket, impeller Resilient material used to seal joint between hub of impeller and
28
screw the impeller screw.
Resilient material used to provide a seal between the shaft sleeve
Gasket, shaft sleeve 38
and the impeller.
Gauge, sight, oil 143 A device for the visual determination of the oil level.
Gland, stuffing box, A follower provided for compression of packing in an auxiliary
133
auxiliary stuffing box.
Guard, coupling 131 A protective shield over a shaft coupling.
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Housing, bearing 99 A body in which the bearing is mounted.
Journal, thrust- A removable cylindrical piece mounted on the shaft and which
74
bearing turns in the bearing. It may have an integral thrust collar.
A parallel-sided piece used for preventing the bearing journal
Key, bearing journal 76
from rotating relative to the shaft.
A parallel-sided piece used to prevent the shaft from turning in
Key, coupling 46
a coupling half.
Locknut, bearing 22 A fastener that positions an anti-friction bearing on the shaft.
Locknut, coupling 50 A fastener holding a coupling half in position on a tapered shaft.
Lockwasher 69 A device to prevent loosening of a nut.
Nut, impeller 24 A threaded piece used to fasten the impeller on the shaft.
A threaded piece for altering the axial position of the rotating
Nut, shaft-adjusting 66
assembly.
Nut, shaft sleeve 20 A threaded piece used to locate the shaft sleeve on the shaft.
Retainer, grease 51 A contact seal or cover to retain grease.
Ring, balancing 115 The stationary number of a hydraulic balancing device.
A stationary replaceable ring to protect the casing at the running
Ring, casing 7
fit with the impeller ring or the impeller.
A device to prevent the flow of a liquid or gas into or out of a
Seal 89
cavity.
The cylindrical member on which the impeller is mounted and
Shaft 6
through which power is transmitted to the impeller.
A piece of material that is placed between two members to
Shim 67
adjust their position.
A cylindrical piece fitted over the shaft to protect the shaft
Sleeve, shaft 14 through the stuffing box, and which may also serve to locate
the impeller on the shaft.

14 AWWA E103-07
Table 3. Vertical pump parts, materials, and definitions

Item MaterialsList
No. by AWWA
A cylindrical piece used to connect discharge case to enclosing
Adapter, tube 195 Steel 3
tube.
Barrel or can,
205 A receptacle for conveying the liquid to the pump. Steel 4
suction
Bearing, line shaft A bearing that also serves to couple portions of the shaft
103 CA 4
enclosed enclosing tube.
A replaceable, cylindrical bearing secured within a stationary Rubber
Bearing, sleeve 39
member. CA 3
A flared tubular section for directing the flow of liquid into the
Bell, suction 55 Cast Iron
pump.
An enclosure within which the impeller rotates, and which
Bowl, intermediate 199 Cast Iron
serves as a guide for the flow from one impeller to the next.
Case, discharge 197 Aid flow from bowl to pump column. Cast Iron
A device used to receive the liquid and guide it to the first
Case, suction 203 Cast Iron
impeller.
A rotating member for preventing the entrance of
Collar, protecting 64 CA 2 or 3
contaminating material.
Steel 3
Collet, impeller lock 84 A tapered collar used to secure the impeller to the pump shaft.
Stainless Steel 4
Cast Iron
Coupling, column
191 A threaded sleeve used to couple sections of column pipe. Ductile Iron
pipe
Steel 3
A mechanism used to transmit over from the line shaft to the Steel 3
Coupling shaft 70
pump shaft, or to connect two pieces of shaft. Stainless Steel 3
A curved water passage, usually 90 degrees, attached to the
Elbow 57 Cast Iron, Steel
pump inlet or discharge.
An elbow in an axial flow, mixed flow, or turbine pump by
Elbow, discharge 105 Cast Iron
which the liquid leaves the pump.
Cast Iron
Flange, top column 189 A device used to couple column to discharge head.
Steel 4
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Head, surface A support for driver and pump column, and a means by which Cast Iron
187
discharge the liquid leaves the pump. Steel 4
Lubricator 77 A device for applying a lubricant to the point of use.
CA4
A threaded piece for altering the axial position of the rotating
Nut, shaft-adjusting 66 Steel 4
assembly.
Ductile Iron
Nut, tube 183 A device for sealing and locking the shaft-enclosing tube. Cast Iron
Cast Iron
Pedestal, driver 81 A metal support for the driver of a vertical pump.
Steel 4
Pipe, column 101 A vertical pipe by which the pumping element is suspended. Steel 2
Pipe, suction 211 A device for conveying the liquid to the pump’s suction. Steel 2
Cast Iron
Plate, tension, tube 185 A device for maintaining tension on shaft-enclosing tube.
CA 4

Table 3. Vertical pump parts, materials, and definitions (continued)

Item MaterialsList
No. by AWWA
Steel 1
The upper shaft in a vertical pump that transmits power from
Shaft, head 10 Stainless Steel
the driver to the line shaft.
3 or 4
Steel 1
The shaft that transmits power from the head shaft or driver to
Shaft, line 12 Stainless Steel
the pump shaft.
3 or 4
Steel 1
The shaft on which the impeller is mounted and through which
Shaft, pump 6 Stainless Steel
power is transmitted to the impeller.
3 or 4
A metal pad, usually imbedded in concrete, on which the pump Cast Iron,
Sole plate 129
base is mounted. Steel 4
A cylinder used to protect the drive shaft and to provide a
Tube, shaft-enclosing 85 Steel 2
means for mounting bearings.
A formed piece attached to the suction bowl to reduce Cast Iron
Umbrella, suction 95
disturbance at pump inlet and reduce submergence required. Steel 4
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

16 AWWA E103-07
Table 4. Materials
Material Type ASTM Designation
Cast Iron ASTM A48, Class 30
Copper Alloy Type 1 (aluminum bronze) ASTM B148 or 505 alloys 952, 953, 954, 955 956, or 958
Type 2 (silicon bronze) ASTM B584 alloy 876
Type 3 ASTM B505, B584 alloy 903, 907
Type 4 Alloys listed for “Type 3,” plus alloys 836, 838, 844, 932
Type 5 (for fasteners) ASTM B16
Ductile Iron ASTM A536 Gr. 65-45-12
Malleable Iron ASTM A47
Steel Type 1 ASTM A108, Gr. 1045
Type 2 ASTM A53 Gr. A, A120
Type 3 ASTM A108 Gr. 213, 1113, 1144, 1020
Type 4 ASTM A36, A283
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Type 5 (for fasteners) ASTM A307
Stainless Steel Type 1 ASTM A276, Type 304, ASTM A351, Type CF3
Type 2 ASTM A276, Type 316, ASTM A351, Type CF8
Type 3 ASTM A276, Type 410
Type 4 ASTM A582, Type 416
Type 5 (for fasteners) ASTM A193 (or A194), Gr. 8 (304 SS), ASTM F593 (31655)
Type 6 (for fasteners) ASTM A193 (or A194), Gr. 8M (316 SS), ASTM F593 (31655)
Sec. 4.2 General Design: Common to Horizontal and Vertical Pumps

4.2.1 Construction requirements.
4.2.1.1 Corrosion allowance. Iron and steel components subject to corro-
sion or erosion shall have an allowance of ¹⁄ in. (3.2 mm).
4.2.1.2 Machined joints. Component parts that are assembled together
shall have machined joints. Mating faces of bowls, bells, and casings shall allow the
parallelism of the assembled joint to be gauged. Components that require accurate
alignment when reassembled shall be designed with shoulders and rabbeted fits.
4.2.1.3 Threading. Metric fine and UNF thread shall not be used.
4.2.1.4 Wrench clearances. Adequate clearance shall be provided at bolt
locations to permit use of socket or box wrenches.
4.2.1.5 Structural defects. Components shall be free from structural
defects.
4.2.1.6 Casting finish. Castings shall be sound and generally free from po-
rosity, hot tears, shrink holes, blow holes, cracks, scale, blisters, and similar defects.
Surfaces of castings shall be cleaned by sandblasting, shot blasting, chemical clean-
ing, or any other standard method to meet the visual requirements of MSS-SP-55.

Mold parting fins and remains of gates and risers shall be chipped, filed, or ground
flush. The finish on casting surfaces located in water passages shall be free of slags,
burrs, sharp edges and other defects, which reduce efficiency or render the surface
unsuitable for required coatings.
4.2.1.7 Flanges.
4.2.1.7.1 Suction and discharge nozzles shall be supplied with flange di-
mensions conforming to ASME B16.1 Class 125 cast iron, including bolt circle,
number, and size of bolt holes.
Flanges shall be flat-faced with the minimum thickness and diameter speci-
fied in ANSI Class 125.
Flanges 12 in. (305 mm) and smaller subject to a pressure exceeding 200
psig (1,400 kPa), and flanges larger than 14 in. (360 mm) subject to a pressure
exceeding 150 psig (1,030 kPa), shall conform to ASME B16.1, Class 250 cast iron
dimensions.
4.2.1.7.2 Steel flanges for suction and discharge nozzles shall conform to
ANSI/AWWA C207. Flange class shall be suitable for continuous service at the
maximum required pressure rating.
4.2.1.8 Impellers.
4.2.1.8.1 Impellers shall be cast in one piece.
4.2.1.8.2 Impellers having lengths greater than half of the outside diam-
eters shall receive a dynamic balance to Grade G6.3 of ISO 1940 as a minimum.
Impellers having lengths equal to or less than half of the outside diameters shall
receive a static balance to Grade G6.3 of ISO 1940 as a minimum.
4.2.1.8.3 Enclosed impellers shall have radial wear surfaces on the front
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(eye-side) and, when balance holes are provided, on the back (hub-side) as well.
Enclosed impellers larger than 10 in. (250 mm) in diameter shall have replaceable
wear rings at wear surfaces or shall be designed to be machined to allow future ring
installation. Hardness of the impeller or impeller wear rings shall be a minimum
of 50 BHN (Brinell Harness Number) less than that of the casing or casing wear
rings, unless nongalling metals or galling clearances are used.
4.2.1.9 Stuffing box.
4.2.1.9.1 The stuffing box shall accommodate five rings of packing, sized
from ³⁄ in. (9.5 mm) to ¹⁄7 in. (3.6 mm) of the shaft diameter, including any sleeve,
plus a lantern ring or a mechanical seal, split or solid, balanced or unbalanced, with
or without a throat bushing.
4.2.1.9.2 Construction details.

18 AWWA E103-07
4.2.1.9.2.1 Packing or mechanical seals shall be replaceable without a re-

quirement to remove the driver.
4.2.1.9.2.2 Glands shall be held in place by a minimum of two bolts hav-
ing a minimum diameter of ³⁄ in. (9.5 mm). Bolts shall be of corrosion-resistant
material (CRM) compatible with the gland.
4.2.1.9.3 Packing details.
4.2.1.9.3.1 Provide an extra ring of packing and delete the lantern ring if
pumped fluid is clear and the pressure at the upstream face of the packing exceeds
10 psig (70 kPa).
4.2.1.9.3.2 Cooling and lubricating water shall be supplied to the stuffing
box from an external source or from a connection to the pump discharge volute
(horizontal pumps only). Connecting piping, fittings, and valves shall be of CRM
and shall include a throttling valve. Provide a minimum ¼ in. (6.3 mm) NPT con-
nection for an external source.
4.2.1.9.4 Mechanical seal details.
4.2.1.9.5 Maximum stuffing box leakage.
1. Mechanical seal: 2 drops per min.
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2. Packing: 90 drops per min.
4.2.1.9.6 Packing shall not contain asbestos.
Sec. 4.3 General Design: Horizontal Pumps
4.3.1 Casing.
1. Casing shall be designed to produce a smooth flow with gradual
changes in velocity.
2. Suction and discharge nozzles shall be integrally cast into casing.
3. Casing shall be constructed to permit examination of impellers and
other interior parts without disturbing suction and discharge piping.
4. Casing shall include the means to facilitate disassembly without re-
quiring the use of wedges or prying elements, such as provision of tapped holes for
jackscrews.
5. Casings shall be designed and constructed complete with integral
supports that are adequate to withstand hydrostatic and dynamic forces generated
by the operation of the pump. Design of support connections between the casing
and the base shall consider the hydrostatic and dynamic forces between the pump
and connecting piping systems based on installation, in accordance with the rec-
ommendation of ANSI/HI 1.4.

6. A ½-in. (12.7-mm) NPT minimum opening to facilitate draining

of the casing shall be provided.
7. When enclosed impellers are used, the casing shall be provided with
replaceable wear rings, which are held in place by rabbet-fit and locked with screws,
pins, anaerobic adhesives, or tack welded at three or more points.
Sec. 4.4 General Design: Vertical Pumps
4.4.1 Discharge head assembly.
4.4.1.1 Head. Head shall be an iron casting or a steel fabrication. It shall be
designed to mount the driver and support the pump column. Design shall consider
the dynamic forces and vibrations transmitted both by the driver and by the pump.
Openings covered by removable corrosion-resistant screens shall be provided for
access to any seals, packing, tension device, or line-shaft couplings.
4.4.1.2 Discharge elbow. The discharge elbow may be located on the dis-
charge head assembly (usual for above-grade discharge) or on the pump column
(usual for below-grade discharge). If located on a cast discharge head, it shall be an
integral part of the discharge head casting. Fabricated elbows 12 in. (305 mm) and
larger shall be of the segmented design, using a minimum of three sections.
The discharge end of the elbow shall be flanged or plain end. Plain ends shall
have a minimum of three thrust lugs equally placed and of sufficient height to al-
low installation of a sleeve coupling in accordance with AWWA M11. Note that
thrust rods, which are not included in this standard, should be designed to limit
axial deflection to 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) when subject to the maximum pressure that
occurs in the pipe adjacent to the thrust rods at any time during operation.
4.4.1.3 Sole plate. An opening in the plate shall allow removal of compo-
nents below the sole plate.
4.4.1.4 Tension nut. For pumps with an enclosed line shaft, a tubing ten-
sion nut shall be installed in the head to allow tension to be placed on the shaft en-
closing tube. Provision shall be made for sealing off the thread at the tension nut.
4.4.1.5 Line-shaft lubrication system.
4.4.1.5.1 Enclosed line-shaft pumps shall be provided with a manually op-
erated sight-feed drip lubricator and an oil reservoir. Food-grade oil approved by
the FDA shall be used. Pressurized lubrication systems using food-grade oil, water,
or grease may be used instead of drip lubricators.
4.4.1.5.2 Open line-shaft pumps shall have fittings to allow prelubricating
water to impinge on the line shaft.
4.4.2 Column assembly.

--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

20 AWWA E103-07
4.4.2.1 Column pipe. Except for the top and bottom column sections on
water-lubricated open line-shaft pumps, column pipe shall be furnished in inter-
changeable sections having a maximum length of 10 ft (3 m). Column pipe over
12 in. (300 mm) in diameter shall be flanged. The length of the top and bot-
tom connections on open line shaft water-lubricated pumps shall not exceed 10 ft
(3 m).
4.4.2.1.1 On enclosed line-shaft columns, the ends of each section of the
pipe may be faced parallel and machined with threads to permit ends to butt, or
they may be fixed with ASME B1.20.1 standard tapered pipe threads.
4.4.2.1.2 On open line-shaft columns, the ends of each section of column
pipe shall be faced parallel, and the threads machined or flanged so that the ends
will butt against the bearing retainer shoulder to ensure proper alignment and to
secure the bearing retainers when assembled.
4.4.2.2 Line shaft. Line shafts shall not be less than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in di-
ameter. Line shaft may be threaded up to 2 ⁄ in. (75 mm) diameter. The thread
will be designed to tighten during normal pump operation. Larger than 2 ⁄ in.
(75 mm) diameter will be keyed construction. The line shaft shall have a surface
finish at bearing locations not to exceed 40 Ra per ANSI B46.1. The shaft shall be
furnished in interchangeable sections having a length not to exceed 20 ft (6 m) for
an enclosed line shaft and 10 ft (3 m) for an open line shaft. They shall be straight-
ened to within 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) total indicator reading per 10-ft (3-m) section.
The butting faces shall be machined with center relief and square to the axis of the
shaft. The maximum permissible error in the axial alignment of the thread axis
with the axis of the shaft shall be 0.002 in. per 6 in. (0.05 mm per 150 mm). The
minimum size of the shaft shall be determined by the following formula for steady
loads of diffuser-type pumps with the shaft in tension because of hydraulic thrust
plus suspended weight:
; FD E + ; 396,000P E
2 2
D 3 = 16 (Eq 9)
rS 8 2rn --`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
or
S = ; 2F2 E + ; 321,000
2
P E2
rD rD 3
(Eq 10)
or
S 2 - ; 2F2 E
2
P= nD 3 (Eq 11)
321,000 rD

Where:
D = shaft diameter at the root of the threads or the minimum
diameter of any undercut (in.)
S = combined shear stress (psi)
F = total axial load acting on the shaft, including hydraulic thrust
plus the weight of the shaft and all rotating parts supported
by it (lb)
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
P = power transmitted by the shaft (hp)
n = rotational speed of the shaft (rpm)
Note: in. × 25.4 = mm; lb × 0.454 = kg; psi × 6.895 = kPa; hp × 0.746 = kW;
rpm × 0.0167 = rps.
The maximum combined shear stress S shall not exceed 30 percent of the
elastic limit in tension, or be more than 18 percent of the ultimate tensile strength
of the material used.
4.4.2.3 Shaft couplings. The maximum combined shear stress, determined
by the following formula, shall not exceed 20 percent of the elastic limit in ten-
sion, nor be more than 12 percent of the ultimate tensile strength of the coupling
material used.
62F @ ^321,000P h
2 2
S= = G +> H (Eq 12)
n ^ D 2 - d 2h n ^ D 3 - d 3h
Where:
S = combined shear stress (psi)
F = total axial load acting on the shaft, including hydraulic thrust
plus the weight of the shaft and all rotating parts supported
by it (lb)
D = outside diameter of the coupling (in.)
d = inside diameter of the coupling at the root of the threads (in.)
P = power transmitted by the shaft (hp)
n = rotational speed of the shaft (rpm)
Note: in. × 25.4 = mm; lb × 0.454 = kg; psi × 6.895 = kPa; hp × 0.746 = kW;
rpm × 0.0167 = rps.
4.4.2.4 Line-shaft bearings.
4.4.2.4.1 For enclosed line shafts, the shaft bearings, which are also inte-
gral enclosing tube couplings, shall be spaced not more than 5 ft (1.5 m) apart. The

22 AWWA E103-07
maximum angle error of the thread axis to the bore axis shall be within 0.001 in.
per in. (0.001 mm per mm) of thread length. The concentricity of the bore to the
threads shall be within 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) total indicator reading. The bearings
must contain one or more lubricant grooves, or a separate bypass hole that will
readily allow the lubricant to flow through and lubricate the bearings below.
4.4.2.4.2 For open line shafts, the shaft bearings shall be designed to be
lubricated by the liquid pumped. They shall be mounted in bearing retainers that
shall be held in position in the column couplings by means of the butted ends of
the column pipes. The bearings shall be spaced at intervals of not more than 10 ft
(3 m). The shaft shall be provided with a noncorroding wearing surface at the loca-
tion of each guide bearing. Shafts passing through stuffing boxes shall be stainless
steel or fitted with a stainless steel sleeve.
4.4.2.5 Shaft-enclosing tube. The shaft-enclosing tube shall be made of
Schedule 80 steel pipe in interchangeable sections not more than 10 ft (3 m) in
length. The ends of the enclosing tube shall be square with the axis and shall butt
to ensure accurate alignment. The maximum angle error of the thread axis relative
to the bore axis shall be 0.001 in. per in. (0.001 mm per mm) of thread length. The
enclosing tube shall be supported in the column pipe by stabilizers.
4.4.3 Bowl assembly.
4.4.3.1 General.
4.4.3.1.1 Major components shall be designed with shoulders and rabbeted
fits to ensure accurate alignment during repeated disassembly and reassembly.
Mating faces of bowls, bells, and cases shall be fully machined to allow the
parallelism of the assembled joint to be gauged.
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.4.3.1.2 Bowl, discharge case, and suction case/bell shall be constructed as

one-piece castings, or fabricated from carbon steel plate.
4.4.3.1.3 Similar bowls and the discharge case shall be designed for the
maximum discharge pressure of the bowl assembly.
4.4.3.1.4 Adequate clearance shall be provided at bolt locations to permit
the use of socket or box wrenches.
4.4.3.2 Suction bells and suction cases.
4.4.3.2.1 Suction cases shall be used when suction pipes are required
for submergence in well applications. Suction bells are preferred for open-pit
applications.
4.4.3.2.2 Suction case connections shall be threaded or flanged to
accommodate the connections on the bowl and suction pipe. The suction case

inlet connection shall be a nominal pipe size, which is larger in diameter than the
impeller eye diameter.
4.4.3.2.3 Suction cases and bells shall have a grease-packed CA bearing with
a grease fitting and be protected from sand intrusion. Alternative designs (i.e., wa-
ter-lubricated rubber bearings) may be used if stated in the purchase documents.
4.4.3.2.4 Suction strainer. Strainers may be cone-type or basket-type and
shall have a net inlet area equal to at least three times the impeller inlet area. The
maximum opening shall not be more than 75 percent of the maximum opening of
the water passage through the bowl or impeller.
4.4.3.3 Intermediate bowls.
4.4.3.3.1 Bowl connections shall be threaded or flanged for bowl sizes 8 in.
(200 mm) and smaller. Bowl connections shall be flanged for sizes greater than 8
in. (200 mm).
4.4.3.4 Discharge cases.
4.4.3.4.1 Discharge cases for enclosed line-shaft construction shall have
two bearings with bypass ports between them.
4.4.3.4.2 Discharge case connections shall be threaded and/or flanged de-
sign to accommodate the connections on the bowl and column pipe.
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.4.3.5 Impellers.
4.4.3.5.1 Impellers shall meet the requirements stated in Sec. 4.2.1.8.
4.4.3.5.2 Impellers shall be enclosed or semi-open configuration.
4.4.3.5.3 Impellers shall be attached to the shaft with either impeller lock
collets or keys and thrust-ring retainers. Keys and thrust-ring retainers shall be used
exclusively for shaft diameters 2.50 in. (64 mm) and larger.
4.4.3.5.4 Minimum diametrical running clearances of radial wear surfaces
shall be 1.5 times the clearance of the bowl bearings employed, 0.002 times the
diameter of the wear surface, or 0.010 in. (0.25 mm), whichever is greater.
With the agreement of the purchaser, replaceable wear rings of special
gall-resistant materials may be employed that would permit reduced running
clearances.
For materials with high galling tendencies, such as 300 series stainless steels,
0.005 in. shall be added to the above minimum clearances.
4.4.3.6 Pump shafts. The shaft shall have a surface finish not to exceed
40 Ra per ASME B46.1. The straightness of the shaft shall be 0.0005 in. (0.012 mm)
per foot of length or better. Bowl shaft stress calculations and limitations shall be
in accordance with the line-shaft requirements of this standard.

24 AWWA E103-07
4.4.3.7 Bowl bearings. Bowl bearings shall be cylindrical sleeve type and
shall be force-fitted to their larger components (bowls) with ASME B4.1, Class FN1
interference or greater. One bearing shall be located in each bowl and in the suc-
tion bell or suction case so that impellers, including the first-stage impellers, are
between bearings. The discharge cases may have one or two bearings.
Sec. 4.5 Coatings
4.5.1 Extent. Ferrous surfaces (except stainless steel) shall receive a
factory-applied coating. Other surfaces shall not be coated.
4.5.2 Materials.
4.5.2.1 Bearing housings. Internal surfaces of oil lubricated bearing hous-
ings shall be coated with an oil-soluble rust preventive.
4.5.2.2 Machined surfaces. Machined surfaces shall be coated with an
NSF/ANSI 61-certified rust preventive.
4.5.2.3 Surfaces not in contact with water. Surfaces not in contact with the
water shall be primed with one coat of paint.
4.5.2.4 Surfaces in contact with water. Interior surfaces of pump casings
shall be coated with materials meeting the requirements of ANSI/AWWA C550.
Interior surfaces of vertical pump discharge heads and interior and exterior sur-
faces of columns shall be coated with materials meeting the requirements of ANSI/
AWWA C550 or ANSI/AWWA C210. Products shall be formulated from materials
certified as suitable for contact with drinking water by an accredited certification
organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 61 on the date of the purchase order.
4.5.3 Surface preparation surfaces. Surfaces to be coated shall be cleaned
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prior to coating. The cleaning and surface preparation shall meet or exceed the
coating manufacturer requirements for the selected coating. As a minimum, the
following surface cleaning shall be done:
4.5.3.1 Exterior surfaces. Exterior surfaces not in contact with the water
surfaces shall be cleaned to meet the requirements of SSPC-SP2.
4.5.3.2 Other surfaces. Other surfaces shall be cleaned to meet the require-
ments of SSPC-SP6.
4.5.4 Application.
4.5.4.1 Application of coatings. The application method and conditions for
coatings (i.e., surface temperature, humidity restrictions, mixing instructions, pot
life, wet and dry film thickness, etc.) shall meet the coating manufacturer’s require-
ments for the coating being applied.
4.5.4.2 Noncoated surfaces. Surfaces not to be coated or cleaned shall be

protected from contamination and damage. Metalwork shall not be welded after
coating unless the coating can be inspected and repaired.
4.5.4.3 Coatings shall be applied after hydrostatic testing for leakage, and
at such time that subsequent welding and assembly procedures will not damage
the coating.
SECTION 5: VERIFICATION
Sec. 5.1 Factory Tests

5.1.1 General. Pumps shall receive a hydrostatic test in accordance with
the applicable ANSI/HI Standard.
5.1.2 Horizontal pumps. The assembled pump shall be tested in accor-
dance with the requirements of ANSI/HI 1.6.
5.1.3 Vertical pumps. The bowl assembly and discharge head shall be test-
ed in accordance with the requirements of ANSI/HI 2.6.
Sec. 5.2 Submittals
5.2.1 General. Following are minimum submittal requirements required
for each pump prior to delivery.
5.2.2 Anticipated performance data. For horizontal pumps, performance
shall be measured from the suction to the discharge. For vertical pumps, perfor-
mance shall be measured from the inlet to the outlet of the bowl assembly. Data
shall include
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1. Operating speed.
2. Head versus capacity curve from shutoff to runout.
3. NPSHR curve for the operating range.
4. BHP requirements from shutoff to runout.
5. Specific speed.
6. Suction specific speed.
7. Efficiency from shutoff to runout.
5.2.3 Mechanical.
1. Maximum allowable casing discharge pressure.
2. Maximum allowable casing suction pressure (for horizontal
pumps only).
3. Weight of the pump or bowl assembly.

26 AWWA E103-07
SECTION 6: MARKING, PREPARATION FOR

SHIPMENT, AND AFFIDAVIT
Sec. 6.1 Marking

6.1.1 Pump nameplate. A corrosion-resistant nameplate containing the
following information shall be permanently affi xed to the pump:
1. Manufacturer’s name.
2. Year of manufacture.
3. Identifying serial number.
4. Model.
5. Design flow.
6. Design head.
7. Rotational speed.
8. Maximum casing or bowl assembly allowable pressure.
Sec. 6.2 Preparation for Shipment
The manufacturer shall carefully prepare the pump for shipment to mini-
mize the likelihood of damage during shipment. Cavities shall be drained of water.
Equipment shall be properly supported and securely attached to skids. Openings
shall be covered in a manner to protect both the opening and interior.
Sec. 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance
When requested, the manufacturer shall provide an affidavit that materials
and work provided conform to the applicable requirements of this standard and
the purchaser, and that required tests have been performed and test requirements
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have been met.

Appendix A
Pump Cross-Sections
This appendix is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/AWWA E103.
This appendix is not part of this standard, but is presented to help the user
identify specific part numbers of several types of pumps. Item numbers shown on
the drawings that follow correspond to the numbers of the components or parts
described in Tables 1–3 of this standard.
The drawings contained in this appendix have been provided courtesy of the
Hydraulic Institute, 9 Sylvan Way, Parsippany, NJ 07054-3802, www.pumps.org,
and are contained in the following standards:
Fig. A.1, A.2, A.3, and A.4 are contained in American National Standard for
Centrifugal Pumps for Nomenclature and Definitions, ANSI/HI 1.1–1.2-2000.
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Fig. A.5 is contained in American National Standard for Vertical Pumps for
Nomenclature and Definitions, ANSI/HI 2.1–2.2-2000.
27

28 AWWA E103-07
1 Casing
2 Impeller
6 Shaft, pump
11 Cover, seal chamber
14 Sleeve, shaft
16 Bearing, inboard
17 Gland
18 Bearing, outboard
33 Cap, bearing, outboard
40 Deflector
42 Coupling half, driver
44 Coupling half, pump
47 Seal, bearing cover, inboard
49 Seal, bearing cover, outboard
73 Gasket
81 Pedestal, driver
88 Spacer, coupling
89 Seal
99 Housing, bearing
Courtesy of Hydraulic Institute, www.Pumps.org, Parsippany, NJ 07054.
Figure A.1 Separately coupled, single-stage, inline, flexible coupling pump with overhung impeller
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

1 Casing 46 Key, coupling

2 Impeller 66 Nut, shaft adjusting
6 Shaft, pump 70 Coupling, shaft
7 Ring, casing 73 Gasket
8 Ring, impeller 81 Pedestal, driver
11 Cover, seal chamber 86 Ring, thrust, split
24 Nut, impeller 89 Seal
27 Ring, cover 117 Bushing, pressure reducing
32 Key, impeller
Figure A.2 Separately coupled, single-stage, inline, rigid coupling pump with overhung impeller
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30 AWWA E103-07
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1 Casing 27 Ring, stuffing-box cover
2 Impeller 28 Gasket, impeller screw
6 Shaft, pump 29 Ring, lantern
9 Cover, suction 32 Key, impeller
13 Packing 35 Cover, bearing, inboard
14 Sleeve, shaft 37 Cover, bearing, outboard
16 Bearing, inboard 38 Gasket, shaft sleeve
17 Gland 40 Deflector
18 Bearing, outboard 47 Seal, bearing cover, inboard
19 Frame 49 Seal, bearing cover, outboard
22 Locknut, bearing 69 Lockwasher
24 Nut, impeller 73 Gasket
25 Ring, suction cover 78 Spacer, bearing
Figure A.3 Separately coupled, single-stage, frame-mounted pump with overhung impeller

1A Casing, lower half 22 Locknut

1B Casing, upper half 31 Housing, bearing inboard
2 Impeller 32 Key, impeller
6 Shaft 33 Housing, bearing outboard
7 Ring, casing 35 Cover, bearing inboard
8 Ring, impeller 37 Cover, bearing outboard
14 Sleeve, shaft 40 Deflector
16 Bearing, inboard 65 Seal, mechanical stationary element
18 Bearing, outboard 80 Seal, mechanical rotating element
20 Nut, shaft sleeve 123 Cover, bearing end
Courtesy of Hydraulic Institute, www.Pumps.org, Parsippany, NJ 07054. --`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure A.4 Separately coupled, single-stage, axial (horizontal) split-case pump with impeller between
bearings

32 AWWA E103-07
2 Impeller
6 Shaft, pump
8 Ring, impeller
10 Shaft, head
12 Shaft, line
13 Packing
17 Gland
29 Ring, lantern
39 Bushing, bearing
40 Deflector
55 Bell, suction
63 Bushing, stuffing-box
64 Collar, protecting
66 Nut, shaft-adjusting
70 Coupling, shaft
77 Lubricator
79 Bracket, lubricator
83 Stuffing-box
84 Collet, impeller lock
85 Tube, shaft-enclosing
101 Pipe, column
103 Bearing, lineshaft,
enclosing
183 Nut, tubing
185 Plate, tension, tube
187 Head, surface
discharge
189 Flange, top column
191 Coupling, column pipe
193 Retainer, bearing,
open line shaft
197 Case, discharge
199 Bowl, intermediate
Semi-open impeller
203 Case, suction
open lineshaft
hollow shaft driver 209 Strainer (optional)
Enclosed impeller 211 Pipe, suction
enclosed lineshaft
hollow shaft driver
Figure A.5 Deep-well pumps
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Appendix B
Field Testing of Pumps
SECTION B.1: PURPOSE OF FIELD TESTS
A field test gives an indication of the performance of a pump when it is oper-

ating under actual field conditions. Such a test indicates the operation of the pump
assembly, the vibration and noise levels, and the operation of the driver and control
equipment. Additionally, on vertical turbine pumps, the test indicates the friction
loss in the column pipe and discharge elbow, the bearing losses in the line-shaft
assembly, the well or system characteristics, and the air content or sand content
of the water. Although these items are important, they are normally judged on a
qualitative basis, as compared to what is considered to be good engineering prac-
tice, unless specific requirements are provided by the purchaser. The purpose of
this appendix is to establish a guide for the quantitative evaluation of the hydraulic
performance of the complete pumping unit as installed in the field.
Field tests are sometimes used as acceptance tests. When this is done, the ac-
curacy of the test obtainable under field conditions with the specific test equipment
employed should be taken into account. Data to help determine the best possible
accuracy obtainable with various instruments are included in this standard. Under
most conditions, it is recommended that acceptance of the pump should be based
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on tests made in a laboratory, where accurate instruments used under controlled
conditions permit precise measurements. It is also recommended that field tests be
used as an overall indication of pump performance, and as a guide to show when
the pump or well requires service.
Field performance tests (in addition to the factory test) are usually run to
ensure that the pump is properly installed and that there are not unanticipated field
conditions that impede performance. If there are discrepancies between factory
performance and field performance, they need to be understood, evaluated, and if
necessary dealt with. Possible explanations may include
1. Incorrect rotation of pump.
2. Incorrect impellers or bowl assemblies may have been shipped.
3. Improper installation: There may be leaks in the column joints
33

34 AWWA E103-07
(vertical pumps) or blockage of internal components.

4. Motor full load rpm may be lower than anticipated because of bear-
ing binding or electrical problems.
5. Submerged or surface vortices may be forming in the sump.
6. Field equipment, including level and pressure gauges and flow me-
ters, may be faulty, improperly calibrated, or improperly located.
7. The factory test report may be incorrect.
8. Air may be present in the water or be introduced through suction
piping, packing, or seals.
9. The piping arrangement may produce a prerotation or nonuniform
velocity at the inlet (suction) to the pump.
10. Setting of semi-open impellers on vertical line-shaft pumps may
be incorrect.
11. The NPSH margin, equal to NPSHA minus NPSHR, is 5 ft or
less, causing cavitation.
12. Ensure balanced voltage is supplied to the motor and within
5 percent of rated motor nameplate voltage if efficiency and load discrepancies are
observed.
It is desirable to field test new or reconditioned pumps to provide a compari-
son for future tests. Thus, pump wear and changing operating conditions may be
indicated. Periodic tests should be made using the same procedure and an accurate
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record kept to give a complete and comparable history, and as a guide to determine
if an internal inspection or repair is required.
SECTION B.2: ACCURACY OF FIELD TESTING
The accuracy with which a field test can be made depends on the instruments
used in the test, the proper installation of the instruments, and the skill of the test
personnel. If accurate field tests are required, it is necessary to design the complete
pump installation with this in mind and to provide for the use of the most accurate
calibrated instruments.
It should be recognized that environmental conditions in a well or the design
of a sump can significantly affect field performance and also affect the results of
field tests.
Table B.1 gives an indication of the best possible accuracy that can be ex-
pected for the various instruments that may be used for a field test. The values

given assume that each instrument is properly installed, is the correct size for the
values to be measured, and is used by experienced engineers.
A method of estimating the probable combined accuracy that will be ob-
tained with the instruments selected is illustrated in the following examples:
Table B.1. Limits of accuracy of pump test measuring devices in field use
Calibrated Limit of Accuracy
Test Variable Measuring Device (percent)
Capacity Venturi meter ± 0.75
Nozzle ± 1.00
Pitot tube ± 1.50
Orifice ± 1.25
Disc ± 2.00
Piston ± 0.25
Volume or weight tank ± 1.00
Propeller meter ± 4.00
Magnetic meter ± 1.00
Head Electric sounding line ± 0.25

Air line ± 0.50
Liquid manometer (3- to 5-in. deflections) ± 0.75
Liquid manometer (over 5-in. deflections) ± 0.50
Bourdon gauge, 5-in. minimum dial
¼ to ½ full scale ± 1.00
⅝ to ¾ full scale ± 0.75
Over ¾ scale ± 0.50
Power Input Watt-hour meter and stopwatch ± 1.50

Portable recording watt meter ± 1.50
Test type precision watt meter
Clamp-on ammeter ± 4.00
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Speed Revolution counter and stopwatch ± 1.25
Hand-held tachometer ± 1.25
Stroboscope ± 1.50
Automatic counter and stopwatch ± 0.50
Voltage Test meter

Rectifier voltmeter ± 5.00

36 AWWA E103-07
Example 1 Vertical turbine pump

Pump conditions: head, 500 ft (152 m); setting, 450 ft (137 m). Instrumen-
tation is shown in the following chart.
First, the head accuracy is weighted. Weighted accuracy of the electric sound-
ing line is ⁴⁵⁰⁄₅₀₀ × 0.25 = 0.225 percent; weighted accuracy of the bourdon gauge
is ⁵⁰⁄₅₀₀ × 0.50 = 0.050 percent; and the sum, or weighted-average head accuracy, is
0.275 percent. The combined accuracy of the efficiency (Ac) is the square root of
the quantity of the square of the weighted-average head accuracy, plus the square
of the venturi-meter accuracy, plus the square of the watt-meter accuracy. Pump
speed and voltage are not necessary in determining efficiency, so the values for the
tachometer and the voltage meter are not included under the radical.
Line Number Accuracy†

(Field test report form)* Instrument percent
3 Electronic sounding line ± 0.25
7 Bourdon gauge, 5-in. (130-mm) dial, ¾ scale ± 0.75
14 Venturi meter ± 0.75
19 Watt meter, over ¾ scale ± 0.25
22 Hand-held tachometer ± 1.25
16 Voltage meter, over ¾ full scale ± 0.50
*From Figure B.6.
†From Table B.1.
Ac = 0.275 2 + 0.75 2 + 0.25 2
= 0.700 (Eq B.1)
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= ± 0.84 percent

Pump conditions: head, 500 ft (152 m); setting, 450 ft (137 m). Instrumenta-
tion is shown in the chart below.

3 Air line ± 0.50
7 Bourdon gauge, 5-in. (130-mm) dial, ½ scale ± 1.00
14 Pitot tube ± 1.50
19 Watt-hour meter and stopwatch ± 1.50
22 Stroboscope ± 1.50
16 Rectifier voltmeter ± 5.00
*From Figure B.6.
†From Table B.1.

The head accuracy is weighted in the same way as in Example 1.

Air line:
450 ft (137 m) 0.5 percent 0.45 percent (Eq B.2)
# =
500 ft (152 m)
Bourdon gauge:
50 ft (15 m)
# 1.0 percent = 0.10 percent (Eq B.3)
500 ft (152 m)
Weighted-average head accuracy: 0.45 + 0.10 = 0.55 percent
The combined accuracy of the efficiency (Ac) is the square root of the quan-
tity of the square of the weighted-average head accuracy, plus the square of the
pitot-tube accuracy, plus the square of the watt-hour meter accuracy.
Ac = 0.55 2 + 1.5 2 + 1.5 2

= 4.8 (Eq B.4)
= ± 2.19 percent

Pump conditions: head 500 ft (152 m); setting, 20 ft (6 m). Instrumentation
is shown in the chart below.

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3 Air line ± 0.50
7 Bourdon gauge, 5-in. (130-mm) dial, full scale ± 0.75
19 Watt meter over ¾ scale ± 0.25
22 Automatic counter and stopwatch ± 0.50
15 Voltage test meter, full scale ± 0.50
*From Figure B.6.
†From Table B.1.

38 AWWA E103-07
Weighted head accuracy is
Air line: (Eq B.5)

20 ft (6 m)
# 0.50 percent = 0.02 percent
500 ft (152 m)
Bourdon gauge: (Eq B.6)

480 ft (146 m) 0.50 percent 0.42 percent
# =
500 ft (152 m)
Weighted-average head accuracy: 0.02 + 0.48 = 0.50 percent (Eq B.7)
The combined accuracy of the efficiency is

Ac = 0.5 2 + .75 2 + 0.25 2
= 1.06 (Eq B.8)
= ± 1.03 percent
The recommended procedure for conducting pump acceptance tests is out-

lined in Sec. B.5 of this standard.
It will be apparent that if the accuracy of all instrumentation is not taken
into account, the final result will appear more accurate than it actually is. Individ-
ual errors in reading the instruments are not accounted for, so the final combined
accuracy may be considered an optimistic figure at best.
Example 4 Horizontal pump
Pump conditions: total head, 500 ft (152 m), suction head, 20 ft (6 m), dis-
charge head, 520 ft (158 m). Instrumentation is shown in the chart below:

6 Bourdon gauge, 5-in. (130-mm) dial, ½ scale ± 1.00
7 Bourdon gauge, 5-in. (130-mm) dial, ¾ scale ± 0.75
19 Watt meter over ¾ scale ± 0.25
22 Hand-held tachometer ± 1.25
16 Voltage meter, ¾ full scale ± 0.50
*From Figure B.6.
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†From Table B.1.

First, the head accuracy needs to be weighted between both the suction gauge
and discharge gauge.
Suction bourdon gauge: (Eq B.9)
20 ft (6 m)
# 1 percent = 0.04 percent
520 ft (158 m)
Discharge bourdon gauge: (Eq B.10)

500 ft (152 m) 0.75 percent 0.72 percent
# =
520 ft (158 m)
Weighted-average head accuracy: 0.04 + 0.72 = 0.76 percent (Eq B.11)
The combined accuracy of the efficiency is

Ac = (0.76) 2 + (0.75) 2 + (0.25) 2
= ± 1.10 percent (Eq B.12)
SECTION B.3: DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS
1. Datum: The elevation of the surface from which the weight of the
pump is supported. This is normally the elevation of the underside of the discharge
head or head base plate.
2. Driver efficiency (Ed ): The ratio of the driver output to the driver
input, expressed in percent.
3. Driver power input: The power input to the driver, expressed in
horsepower. In a line-shaft vertical turbine pump powered by an electric motor,
driver power input is equivalent to kilowatt input measured at the motor conduit
box divided by 0.746. In a submersible vertical turbine pump, it is equivalent to
kilowatt input measured at the conduit box on the discharge head divided by 0.746.
No satisfactory evaluation of this term for engine-driven pumps is available.
4. Head above datum (ha ): The head measured above the datum, ex-
pressed in feet (meters) of liquid, plus the velocity head at the point of pressure
measurement.
5. Head below datum (hb ): The vertical distance, in feet (meters), from
the datum to the pumping level.
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6. Overall efficiency (E): The ratio of pump output, in horsepower, to

motor power input.
7. Pump output, in horsepower (hp ) [water hb (WHP)]: Calculated from

40 AWWA E103-07
the following expression:

QH # specific gravity of liquid pumped
hp = (Eq. B.13)
3,960
Where:
Q = rate of flow, in gallons per minute
H = pump total head, in feet
8. Pump speed of rotation (n): This is expressed in revolutions per min-
ute (rpm) or revolutions per second (rps). The speed of submersible motors cannot
be measured conveniently in field testing.
9. Pump total head (H): The sum of the heads above and below datum
(ha + hb ).
10. Rate of flow (Q ): Flow expressed in gallons per minute (cubic me-
ters per hour).
11. Velocity head (hvs or hvd ): The kinetic energy per unit weight of the
liquid at the point of measurement, expressed in feet (meters) of liquid. Using the
average velocity in feet per second (meters per second) at the point of measurement,
it is calculated from the following expression:
hv = v 2/ 2g (Eq. B.14)
Where:
v = velocity, in ft/sec (m/sec)
g = 32.2 ft/sec2 (9.81 m/sec2)
SECTION B.4: INSTRUMENTATION
Sec. B.4.1 General

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1. Measuring instrument placement. Figures B.1, B.2, B.3, and B.4

show the placement of instruments and the dimensions for four types of pump
installation. Figure B.5 shows piping requirements for orifices, flow nozzles, and
venturi tubes.
2. Clamp-on electrical measuring devices. Except for rough checks on
motor loading, these devices are deemed not acceptable for pump field tests.

Note: Numbers in parentheses refer to item numbers in report form (Figure B.6). Minimum dimensions are the lengths of
straight pipe required in Figure B.5 for the particular type of capacity-measuring device used.
Figure B.1 Field-test diagram for line-shaft vertical turbine well pumps
Figure B.2 Field-test diagram for vertical turbine pumps for booster service
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42 AWWA E103-07
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure B.3 Field-test diagram for horizontal split-case pump
Figure B.4 Field-test diagram for end-suction pumps

Figure B.5 Pipe requirements for orifice, flow nozzles, and venturi tubes
Figure continued next page.
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44 AWWA E103-07
Figure B.5 Pipe requirements for orifice, flow nozzle, and venturi tubes (continued)
Reprinted from ASME PTC 19.5;4-1959, by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved.
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Sec. B.4.2 Evaluation of various methods of flow measurement

1. General evaluation. It is impossible to extend flow measurement
beyond that corresponding to the system head, which equals the pump total head,
unless the head above datum can be lowered for the test. More often than not, this
is not feasible, so the only portion of the pump characteristic that can be measured
in a field test is the region of rates of flow lower than the design rate. It is also pos-
sible that the design rate cannot be reached if the method of flow measurement in-
troduces friction head loss, thereby raising the system head. Substantial head losses
are, indeed, incurred by introducing orifice plates and flow nozzles into the system.
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In some cases this may reduce their usefulness. The friction head loss introduced
by insertion of a pitot-static tube, on the other hand, can generally be neglected.
Venturis also introduce very low losses, but because of their weight and length they
are somewhat more expensive to employ in field tests (unless they are a permanent
part of the installation).
2. Flow measurement by volume or weight. The accuracy of volumet-
ric measurement depends on the accuracy of tank dimensional measurements and
differences in liquid level. The derivation of rate of flow depends on the accuracy of
time measurement of the period of flow.
It is recommended that the minimum change in liquid level during any test
run not be less than 2 ft (0.6 m). The duration of any test run shall not be less
than one min when the tank is filled from an open discharge pipe. A submerged
entrance into the tank will cause an increase in the system head as the tank fills
and will result in a nonlinear change in rate of flow. Correlation of rate of flow with
weight is seldom feasible, except for extremely small flow.
3. Head above datum (ha ). This quantity can be measured by means
of a calibrated bourdon-tube gauge (reading converted to feet of liquid), plus the
distance from the datum to the centerline of the gauge plus velocity head. When
the head above datum is quite low, it may be measured with manometers, using
mercury or the liquid being pumped as a manometer fluid. The choice of manom-
eter fluid should produce manometer deflections of at least 6 in. (150 mm).
4. Head below datum (hb ). This distance can be measured by steel
tape, electric sounder, or the air-line gauge method. The elevation of the pump-
ing water level is determined electrically by measuring the length below datum
of waterproof insulated wire terminating in a shielded electrode that completes
the circuit through a magneto or dry cell to an indicating lamp, bell, or meter
on touching the water surface. The elevation of the pumping water level can be

46 AWWA E103-07
determined by the air-line gauge method, by subtracting the calibrated bourdon-

tube gauge reading (converted to feet of liquid) from the known length of airtight
tubing (open at the bottom) that has been pumped full of air to the maximum
gauge reading that can be attained. The air-line gauge length must exceed the head
below datum. In the airline gauge method, the gauge accuracy tolerance must be
included (dependent on gauge quality and the portion of the gauge range in use),
unless the gauge is calibrated before and after the test.
5. Pitot-static tube. These instruments, available in several forms,
correlate velocity head with rate of flow. Velocity head distribution in pipe flow
is nonuniform, and for acceptable accuracy, a multiple-point traverse of the pipe
cross-section is mandatory. Pitot-static tube designs using a series of impact holes,
each transmitting different velocity pressures to a common cavity within the tube,
produce internal circulation. Pitot-static tubes cannot be presumed to measure av-
erage velocity head, unless the velocity profile in the pipe flow under test agrees
exactly with that prevailing in the pipe in which the instrument was calibrated.
Consequently, these devices are not deemed acceptable. Complete details on con-
struction, formulas, and use of acceptable types have been published.
6. Thin-plate square-edged orifice. The orifice plate correlates static
head difference, measured upstream and downstream, with rate of flow. Data on
dimensions, limitations, installation effects, and formulas have been published
(Fluid Meters—Their Theory and Application. Report ASME Res. Comm. on Fluid
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Meters, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York).

7. Venturis and flow nozzles. These devices are based on the same prin-
ciple as the orifice plate, but introduce somewhat less head loss in a flow system.
Sec. B.4.3 Other Considerations
1. Power measurement. Although not impossible, it is generally con-
sidered impractical to attempt to measure pump power input by means of a trans-
mission dynamometer in field tests. The most frequently encountered alternative
is that of measuring driver power input, which is then multiplied by the driver
efficiency.
The derived pump power input obtained by this method is subject to the
accuracy tolerance on the driver efficiency. Since the only pump driver on which
power input measurements of the requisite degree of accuracy can be made is the
direct-drive electric motor, this standard deals with the measurement of electric
power only.
2. Portable watt meters. Used with or without portable current and

potential transformer(s), portable watt meters are available in varying degrees of

precision. They may be used with the manufacturer’s statement of accuracy toler-
ance if they are in good condition.
3. Pump-speed measurement. Hand-held tachometers are the pre-
ferred method of obtaining speed, which is read directly at revolutions per minute
or revolutions per second.
4. Watt-hour meters. These devices measure total energy, but may be
used for measuring power by introducing the time factor in the following for-
mula:
driver power input = 4.826 KMR (Eq B.15)

t
Where:
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
K = disc constant, representing watt-hours per revolution.

M = product of current and potential transformer ratios (if not
used, omit from formula).
R = total revolutions of watt-hour meter disc.
t = time for total revolutions of disc, in sec.
The duration of this measurement shall not be less than one min. Commer-
cial watt-hour meter power measurements are expected to be within 0.5 percent,
unless specifically calibrated and used with a calibration chart. In this case, the
stated accuracy of the calibration shall prevail.
SECTION B.5: TEST PROCEDURE
Sec. B.5.1 Preliminary agreement

The contractual obligations of the several parties involved should be clarified
to the point of mutual agreement before the start of testing. The following points
for hydraulic performance are among those that may be considered desirable:
1. Rate of flow with specified tolerance.
2. Pump total head with specified tolerance.
3. Driver power input with specified tolerance.
4. Pump speed with specified tolerance.
5. Overall efficiency with specified tolerance.
6. Stipulation of hydraulic performance tolerance on field tests must
take strict account of the accuracy limitations inherent in field testing. Choice of

48 AWWA E103-07
instrumentation and installation effects shall be considered to avoid an unrealistic

tolerance requirement.
The following points for mechanical performance are also desirable:
1. Acceptable vibration limits specifying point of measurement and
maximum total indicator reading in mils (mm).
2. Noise-level limits above specified ambient noise level, also specify-
ing location at which noise level is to be measured.
Sec. B.5.2 Instrumentation
Choice, installation location, accuracy tolerances, and requirements for cali-
bration curves shall be mutually agreed on.
Sec. B.5.3 Time limits
The effect of wear caused by abrasive material in the liquid being pumped
makes it mandatory that field tests, if conducted for the purpose of acceptance, be
concluded as soon as possible after installation. Wear varies within wide limits, so
as much preliminary information as is possible to obtain shall be made available to
contracting parties, for the purpose of agreement on the time of test, or allowances
that shall be made for undue wear before the test is run.
Sec. B.5.4 Inspection and preliminary operation
Contracting parties shall make as complete an inspection as possible of the
installation to determine compliance with installation requirements, and to correct
connection of the instrumentation. On satisfactory completion of this require-
ment, the pump shall be started. The pump, as well as the instrumentation, should
be checked immediately for any evidence of malfunction. An immediate check of
pumping water level shall be made, followed periodically by additional checks un-
til the level has stabilized to the satisfaction of the parties. Any evidence of cascad-
ing within the well or the presence of gas or abrasive material shall also be collected
at this time. A preliminary check of the test values can then be made for stability of
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
reading, and a final check can be made on any possible malfunction.
Sec. B.5.5 Recording
The recording of test data may take any convenient form and shall include
make, type, size, and serial number of pump and driver; date of test; duration
of run; description of instrumentation used; instrument constants or multipliers;
other basic physical constants or formulas used that are not specifically listed in this
standard; liquid temperature at pump discharge and pump submergence; and the
instrument readings. Additional data or remarks may also be included by mutual

agreement. Copies of test data and accompanying instrument calibration curves

shall be made available to the contracting parties. If several test runs are made at
different rates of flow, a performance curve can be drawn and shall become a part
of the recorded data. An example of a satisfactory field test report form is shown
in Figure B.6.
Sec. B.5.6 Test observations
Since at least two persons will generally be present during a field acceptance
test, the duties of making test observations may be distributed among those pres-
ent. It may be preferable, if the instrument locations permit, to record each reading
as a matter of mutual agreement. The practice of making simultaneous and instan-
taneous readings of all instruments must be avoided. For example, the transient
response of a bourdon-tube gauge is much faster than that of a mercury manom-
eter. The recommended procedure is to make a continuous observation of at least
one min of the instrumentation showing rate (or instantaneous values). During
the prescribed observation period (if possible), the totaling instruments are read
against time to determine rate. With some experience, it is possible to observe
rate (instantaneous reading) instruments, mentally rejecting random fluctuations,
and selecting the value that represents that prevailing most of the time during the
observation period.
It should be mentioned that the use of linear scales for nonlinear values (inch
scales on differential manometers recording velocity head pressure from a pitot-
static tube, for example) may cause error in the process of obtaining a time-weight-
ed average, if the fluctuation is appreciable. Notwithstanding any skill that may be
obtained with experience, it must be recognized that a considerable observational
error can still exist. If possible, readings should be repeated and different observers
should be employed to ensure complete agreement among the parties.
It is difficult to evaluate the effect of fluctuating readings because of the
highly variable damping that may be present with some types of instrumentation.
It is not recommended that any devices be used to increase damping of instrument
readings, as it is occasionally possible for some of these methods to superimpose
a rectifying effect or asymmetrical response on the instrument reading when sub-
jected to dynamic fluctuations. It is desirable that the contracting parties agree in
advance of the test on minimum (or maximum) scale readings of instruments and
on the magnitude of fluctuation that may be acceptable, although fluctuations in
readings occasionally reflect system response and cannot be readily controlled.
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`

50 AWWA E103-07
Expected Accuracy of Field Test

Measurement Instrument Accuracy Accuracy Squared
Head above datum —
Head below datum —
Weighted-average head accuracy*
Capacity
Power
Sum of accuracy squared
Combined accuracy
* Average is weighted according to the proportion of head above datum and head below datum to total head:
<Âccuracy of hbh # c hb mF + <Âccuracy of hah # c ha mF = weighted average head accuracy
H H
Test Readings and Calculations

All readings except No. 1 are taken when pumping.
No. Symbol Units 1 2 3
1 Head below datum when not pumping ft (m)
2 Drawdown ft (m)
3 hb Head below datum ft (m)
4 Zs Datum to center line suction gauge ft (m)
5 Zd Datum to center line discharge gauge ft (m)
6 hgs Suction pressure head reading ft or psi
(m or kg/cm2)
7 hgd Discharge pressure head reading ft or psi
(m or kg/cm2)
8 Suction pressure head above datum =(4)+(6) ft (m)
9 Discharge pressure head above datum =(5)+(7) ft (m)
10 hvs Velocity head in suction pipe* ft (m)
11 hvd Velocity head in discharge pipe* ft (m)
12 ha Head above datum* = [(11)+(9)]–[(10)+(8)] ft (m)
13 h Total head* = (3)+(12) ft (m)
14 Q Capacity gpm (m3/h)
Current Line A amps
15 Current Line B amps
Current Line C amps
16 Voltage Phase AB V
Voltage Phase BC V
Voltage Phase AC V
17 Revolutions of watt-hour meter disc (constant)
18 Time sec
19 Watt meter reading
20 Electrical input* from (17) and (18) or 19 kW
21 Horsepower input* = (16)/0.746 hp
22 Pump speed rpm
23 Pump output = (13) × (14) × sp gr/3,960 hp†
24 Pump efficiency* = (23)/(21) percent
25 Motor efficiency* (source) percent
26 Overall field efficiency* = (24) × (25) percent
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
* Calculated
† Results will be in horsepower only if head measurements are in feet of liquid (hp × 0.746 = kW).
Figure B.6 Expected accuracy of field test

Pump Field-Test Report

Test No. _______________________________________ Date ____________________________
Owner: Name __________________________
Address _________________________
Pump: Location ________________ Type _____________Size ________Stages ________________
Make ___________________________ Serial No. ___________________________________
Motor: Make ___________________________ Serial No. ___________________________________
Rated hp: _________ rpm _________vss ___________ vhs ___________ subm ___________
Power Supply: Nominal Voltage __________________ Frequency ___________________________________
Suction Size: ___________________________________ Discharge Size _______________________________
Column: Pipe Size ________________________ Shaft Size ___________________________________
or Length _______________________
Test Conducted by: ______________________________ Witnessed by ________________________________
Pump Serial No _________________________________ Test Date ___________________________________
Test Instruments
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Head Below Datum Measured With (if applicable) __________________________________________________

Length Air Line (if used)________________________________________________________
Suction Pressure:
Make Gauge __________________ Size Face ______________Serial No. ________________
Gauge Calibration: Date_____________ by _________________Chart No. _____________
Manometer Fluid _________________ Specific Gravity ______________________________
Discharge Pressure:
Make Gauge __________________ Size Face ______________Serial No. ________________
Gauge Calibration: Date_____________ by _________________Chart No. _____________
Manometer Fluid _________________ Specific Gravity ______________________________
Measured Pipe Inside Diameter at Pressure Tap: Suction___________________Discharge __________________
Type Capacity-Measuring Device Used ___________________________________________________________
Size ____________________________ Make ______________________________________
Serial No. ___________________________________________________________________
Calibration: Date _________________ by _________________Chart No. _____________
_________________ft Downstream From _______________ (Valve, Elbow, or Other Fixture)
_________________ft Downstream From _______________ (Valve, Elbow, or Other Fixture)
Measured Diameter of Pipe at Instrument __________________________________________
Condition of Pipe Upstream: Excellent __________Good ____________Poor ____________
Type and Make of Power-Measuring Device Used__________________________________________________
Watt-Hour Meter Disc Constant _____________________No._________________________
Watt Meter Multiplier______________________________No._________________________
Current Transformers Ratio _________________________No._________________________
Potential Transformers Ratio ________________________No._________________________
Calibration of Meter _______________________________Chart No. ___________________
Date _______________________________ by _____________________________________
Voltmeter: Type ________________________________Serial No. _______________________________
Ammeter: Type _______________________________ Serial No. _______________________________
Speed-Measuring Device ______________________________________________________________________________
Figure B.7 Pump field-test report

52 AWWA E103-07
Sec. B.5.7 Adjustment of field-test results

Occasionally the pump-driver speeds will deviate slightly from the nominal
value on which the pump performance guarantee is based. In such cases, the ap-
plication of the following hydraulic affinity relationships should be made to adjust
the test values to the design operating speed:
Q = Qt(n/nt ) (Eq B.16)
H = Ht(n/nt )2 (Eq B.17)
P = Pt(n/nt )3 (Eq B.18)

Where:
Q = pump capacity, gpm (m3/hr)
t = indicated test values
n = design operating speed, rpm
nt = test operating speed, rpm
H = head, ft (m)
P = power, hp (kW)
Sec. B.5.8 Evaluation of accuracy tolerances

Observation errors do not necessarily follow the law of probability. If agree-
ment on instrument readings cannot be reached before recording, the arithmetic
average shall be used.
Instrumentation accuracy tolerances for individual measurements are given
in Table A.1. The value of the overall efficiency is calculated from the head, capac-
ity, and driver power input measurements. It must be recognized that, in the ex-
treme case, the accuracy tolerance on overall efficiency could be as large as the sum
of the accuracy tolerances of these three measurements. It will be assumed that the
most probable value of the overall efficiency accuracy tolerance is the square root of
the sum of the squares of the individual tolerances.
In the computation of test data, the final values obtained from head, capac-
ity, driver power input, overall efficiency, and pump speed shall be shown with the
appropriate tolerance following each value.
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Appendix C
Suggested Data Form for the Purchase of Horizontal Pumps
Horizontal Pump Data Sheet
1. Purchaser ______________________________________________________________________________
2. Address ________________________________________________________________________________
3. Installation Site __________________________________________________________________________
4. Job Reference Number _______________________Item No. _____________________________________
5. No. Required ______________________________Date Required _________________________________
6. Prime Mover: Electric motor _________________Engine _______________________________________
Other________________________
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7. Prime Mover Data:

Motor: Voltage _________Frequency _________Phase _________ rpm _________
Engine (type): Gas ____________ Gasoline __________ Diesel ________ Other ________
Maximum operating rpm _____________________________________________________
8. Driver: Horizontal solid-shaft motor drive ______________________________________________
Horizontal hollow-shaft right-angle gear drive _____________________________________
Horizontal hollow-shaft belted drive _____________________________________________
Combination drive __________________________________________________________
Speed: Variable__________________________ Constant __________________________
Other _____________________________________________________________________
9. Bearing lubrication required: Oil __________________________Other_____________________________
10. Discharge nozzle position: Horizontal ____________________Vertical ___________________________
Suction nozzle position: Horizontal Vertical ___________________________________________
If below base: Distance from datum to centerline of Flange ________ ft (m)*
11. Type of Pump: Horizontal Split Case _____________________No. of Stages ________________________
Radial or Vertical Split Case ________________________________________________________________
End Suction ____________________________________________________________________________
12. Type of Seal: Packing____________Single inside mechanical seal ______________ Other _____________
13. Other requirements
a. ANSI/NSF 61 Certification ( Y / N )
b. Certificate of Compliance ( Y / N )
* See datum definition in Section 3.
53

54 AWWA E103-07
Horizontal Pump Operating Conditions
14. Design rate of flow _____________________________________________________________gpm (m3/hr)

15. Datum elevation ___________________________________________________ ft (m) (Datum c/l of pump)
16. Pumping level below datum at design rate of flow __________________________________________ ft (m)
17. Total head above datum (static plus system friction) at design rate of flow ________________________ ft (m)
18. Total pump head at design rate of flow ___________________________________________________ ft (m)
19. Suction Pressure: Minimum ________________________________________________________ ft (m)
Maximum ________________________________________________________ ft (m)
20. Operating Range: Minimum total pump head ___________________________________________ ft (m)
Maximum total pump head ___________________________________________ ft (m)
21. Other operating conditions_________________________________________________________________
Description of Installation
22. Type of installation: Horizontal ________________________Vertical____________________________

23. Other conditions: ________________________________________________________________________
24. Special materials required to resist corrosion and/or erosion: _______________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Connections and Accessories
25. Discharge flange: ______________________________________________________in. (mm), 125-lb ANSI

26. Strainer required: Yes ________ No _________
27. Lubricant: Oil ________ Water _______
26. Gauge required: Yes ________ No _________
Pumps are to be furnished in accordance with ANSI/AWWA E103 with the following exceptions:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

Appendix D
Suggested Data Form for the Purchase of Vertical Line-Shaft Pumps
Vertical Pump Data Sheet
1. Purchaser ______________________________________________________________________________
2. Address ________________________________________________________________________________
3. Installation Site __________________________________________________________________________
4. Job Reference Number _______________________Item No. _____________________________________
5. No. Required ______________________________Date Required _________________________________
6. Prime Mover: Electric motor _________________Engine _______________________________________
Other________________________
7. Prime Mover Data:
Motor: Voltage _________Frequency _________Phase _________ rpm _________
Engine (type desired): Gas ______ Gasoline __________Diesel _________Other________
Maximum operating rpm _____________________________________________________
8. Driver: Vertical solid-shaft motor drive _________________________________________________
Vertical hollow-shaft right-angle gear drive ________________________________________
Vertical hollow-shaft belted drive _______________________________________________
Combination drive __________________________________________________________
Speed: Variable__________________________ Constant __________________________
Other _____________________________________________________________________
9. Line-shaft lubrication required: Open ______________________ Enclosed __________________________
10. Line-shaft lubrication required: Oil ________________________Water _____________________________
11. Type of discharge: Surface _____________________Below Base ________________________
If below base: Distance from datum to centerline of discharge tee ________________ ft(m)*
12. Other requirements
a. ANSI/NSF 61 Certification ( Y / N )
b. Certificate of Compliance ( Y / N )
Vertical Pump Operating Conditions
13. Design rate of flow _____________________________________________________________gpm (m3/hr)

14. Datum elevation _____________________________________________ ft (m) (Datum c/l of stage impeller)
15. Pumping level below datum at design rate of flow __________________________________________ ft (m)
16. Total head above datum (static plus system friction) at design rate of flow ________________________ ft (m)
17. Total pump head at design rate of flow (line 14 plus line 15) __________________________________ ft (m)
* See datum definition in Section 3.
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 55

56 AWWA E103-07
18. Operating Range: Minimum total pump head ___________________________________________ ft (m)

Maximum total pump head ___________________________________________ ft (m)
19. Other operating conditions_________________________________________________________________
20. Overall length (datum to inlet of pump suction case - _______) ____________________________________
21. Length of suction pipe required _____________________________________________________________
Description of Installation
22. Type of installation: Well __________Can ___________Sump ___________Other____________________

23. Minimum inside diameter of well or casing to pump setting ________________________________in. (mm)
24. Maximum permissible outside diameter of pump _________________________________________in. (mm)
25. Total depth of well/case or sump _______________________________________________________ ft (m)
Note: A well is considered straight if a 20-ft (6-m) long cylinder equal to the maximum permissible outside
diameter of the pump will not bind when lowered to a depth equal to the pump setting.
26. Static water level below datum _________________________________________________________ ft (m)
27. Sand in water: (After 15 min pumping interval) Concentration -ppm (mg/L) __________________________
28. Gas in water: (type, if known) Concentration -ppm (mg/L) ________________________________________
29. Other conditions: ________________________________________________________________________
30. Special materials required to resist corrosion and/or erosion: _______________________________________
Connections and Accessories
31. Discharge flange: ______________________________________________________in. (mm), 125-lb ANSI

32. Companion flange required: Yes _________No __________ __________________in. (mm), 125-lb ANSI
33. Column Pipe: Threaded sleeve coupling ________________Flanged ____________________

34. Column Pipe: Diameter ___________________________ in. (mm)
Thickness ___________________________ in. (mm)
35. Shaft Size: Diameter ______________ in. (mm) Coupling Threaded _______________________
Keyed _______________________
36. Enclosing tube (if used) nominal pipe size: ___________
37. Strainer required: Yes ________No _______
38. Lubricator required: Yes ________No _______Voltate _______________Frequency ____________
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
39. Prelube water tank required: Yes ________ No _______Capacity______________ Gallons ______________
40. Automatic lubrication controls required: Time delay relay ________Float switch ___________
41. Air line and gauge required: Yes ________No _______
Pumps are to be furnished in accordance with ANSI/AWWA E103 with the following exceptions:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

Appendix E
Engineering Information and Recommendations
SECTION E.1: COMMON FOR HORIZONTAL

AND VERTICAL PUMPS
Sec. E.1.1 Engineering Information

Information not currently available.
Sec. E.1.2 Recommendations
Recommendations not currently available.
SECTION E.2: HORIZONTAL PUMPS

Information not currently available.
E.2.2.1. Wear ring clearances. Wearing rings are fitted in the casing and
sometimes on the impeller. These wearing rings provide a close running clearance,
to reduce the quantity of liquid leaking from the high-pressure side to the suction
side. These rings depend on the liquid in the pump for lubrication. They will even-
tually wear so that the clearance becomes greater and more liquid recirculates back
to the suction. This rate of wear depends on the character of the liquid pumped.
Figure E.1 shows recommended clearances between the fixed and rotating
surfaces. These clearances are for dissimilar metals that have a low tendency to gall.
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
However, wear rings that are of the same material must have more clearance than
recommended.
SECTION E.3: VERTICAL PUMPS

E.3.1.1. Diameters and weights of standard steel discharge column pipe are
57

58 AWWA E103-07
shown in Table E.1. Heavier- and lighter-weight pipe is available.

E.3.1.2 Friction loss charts.
E.3.1.2.1 Discharge head. Figure E.2 can be used as a general design
guide. Friction loss will vary depending on the design of the discharge elbow, shaft
or enclosing tube size, and column size.
E.3.1.2.2 Column. The column friction chart (Figure E.3) can be used
as a design guide to determine the loss of head because of column friction. This
chart was compiled from head loss data where the flow is between the inside diam-
eter of the column pipe and the outside diameter of the shaft-enclosing tube or, in
the case of open line-shafting, the outside diameter of the shaft itself.
E.3.1.2.3 Mechanical friction. The mechanical friction chart (Figure
E.4) can be used to determine the added horsepower required to overcome the me-
chanical friction in rotating the line shaft. The chart was compiled from test data
submitted by representative turbine-pump manufacturers. Variations in designs
used by individual manufacturers may affect the figures slightly. Added horse-
power will also be required to overcome the mechanical friction at the shaft seal
(packing or mechanical) and in the motor thrust bearing. The values of these losses
can be obtained from the pump manufacturer.
E.3.2.1. Drivers.
E.3.2.1.1 Rotation. Shaft rotation may be counterclockwise or clockwise
when viewed from the driven end.
E.3.2.1.2 Thrust bearing. Provide a thrust bearing of ample capacity to
carry the weight of rotating parts plus the hydraulic thrust at operating conditions.
For anti-friction bearings, the bearings shall be of such capacity that the AFBMA
(Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association, 1101 Connecticut Ave. N.W.,
Suite 70, Washington, DC 20036) calculated rating life (L10) should be based on
the duty cycle but not less than 8,800 hr when operating at the design point. If
the design and operating conditions are such that upthrust can occur, provisions
should be made to accommodate the upthrust. Minimum upthrust capacity of
roller bearings should be equal to one quarter of the downthrust capacity.
E.3.2.1.3 Ratchets. For pumps having a setting of 50 ft (15 m) or more,
anon-reverse ratchet should be provided in the motor to protect line-shaft bearings
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
and prevent motor overspeed in reverse when the pump is shut down and water
empties from the column.
E.3.2.1.4 Steady bushing. For vertical hollow-shaft motors used on

pumps equipped with mechanical seals, and also for pumps with packed stuff-
ing boxes operating at speeds greater than 2,900 rpm, a steady bushing should be
provided.
E.3.2.2. Prelubrication. Prelubrication of line-shaft bearings for water-
lubricated open line-shaft pumps having settings greater than 50 ft (15 m) should
be provided. Bearing should be thoroughly wetted before pump startup.
E.3.2.3. Seals.
E.3.2.3.1 Mechanical seals. Mechanical seals should be considered for
pressurized can pumps to avoid seal leakage during periods in which the pump is
not operating.
E.3.2.4. Column pipe corrosion. It may be advisable not to apply a coat-
ing to threaded column pipe exposed to waters having high conductivity levels.
The higher electrical potentials in this water are attracted to uncoated surfaces to
concentrate corrosion. Uncoated pipe provides a much larger surface area for the
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
electrical potentials to dissipate, and eliminates the concentration at the uncoated
threaded surfaces of the column pipe joints. Most product-lubricated pumps have
bronze bearing retainers, which are located in the center of the threaded pipe cou-
pling where the threaded column pipe ends are located. The bronze alloy is more
cathodic than the adjoining sacrificial steel-column pipe. This results in electrolysis
at the interface of the two dissimilar materials, and accelerated corrosion of the
steel pipe threads. Dissimilar materials also add to the rate of corrosion when el-
evated conductivity and higher concentrations of chlorides in the water exist.
0.044
0.040
Nominal diametrical clearance (in.)
0.036
0.032
0.028
0.024
0.020
0.016
0.012
0.008
Case ring inner diameter (in.)
Figure E.1 Horizontal pump nominal impeller-ring diametrical clearance (1 in. = 25.4 mm)

60 AWWA E103-07
Table E.1. Diameters and weights of standard discharge column pipe sizes
Nominal Size (ID) OD Weight (Plain Ends)

in. (mm) in. (mm) lb/ft (kg/m)
2½ (65) 2.875 (73.0) 5.79 (8.62)
3 (75) 3.500 (88.9) 7.58 (11.28)
4 (100) 4.500 (114.3) 10.79 (16.06)
5 (125) 5.563 (141.3) 14.62 (21.76)
6 (150) 6.625 (168.3) 18.97 (28.23)
8 (200) 8.625 (219.1) 24.70 (36.76)
10 (255) 10.750 (273.0) 34.24 (50.96)
12 (305) 12.750 (323.8) 43.77 (65.14)
14* (355) 14.000 (355.6) 54.57 (81.21)
16* (405) 16.000 (406.4) 62.58 (93.13)
* OD
Head loss (m)

Head loss (ft)
, , , ,
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Conversion factors: in. × 25.40 = mm

ft × 0.3048 = m
Figure E.2 Friction loss in discharge heads

Head loss—ft/100 ft (m/100 m) of column
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
, , , , ,
Capacity (gpm)
NOTE: Friction loss determined by laboratory tests on new pipe (C = 140).
Diagonals are labeled to show nominal diameters (in inches) of outer pipe column and inner shaft-enclosing
tube, or if an open shaft, the shaft itself. For the outer pipe columns, the calculations used in constructing the
chart were based on inside diameters, which are close to the nominal sizes for pipe up to and including 12 in.
(for example, 10 in. Sch 30 pipe = 10 ⅕ in. ID). For pipe sizes in 12 in. and larger, the diameters shown are
equivalent to the outside diameter of pipe with ⅜-in. wall thickness (for example, 16 in. = 15 ¼ in. ID). For the
inner columns (shaft-enclosing tubes), the calculations were based on the outside diameters of standard or
extra-heavy pipe. Thus, “8 × 2” on the chart is actually 8.071 × 2 ⅜, and “16 × 3” is 15 ¼ × 3 ½.
Conversion factors: 1 ft = 0.30 m

1 in. = 25.40 mm
Figure E.3 Friction loss for standard pipe column

62 AWWA E103-07
Mechanical friction per 100 ft of line shaft (hp) Shaft diameter (mm)
Note: 0.746 hp = 1 kW
1 in. = 25.4 mm
Shaft diameter (in.)

NOTE: The chart shows values for enclosed shaft with oil or water lubrication and drip feed, or for open shaft with
water lubrication. For enclosed shaft with flooded tube, read two times the value of friction shown on the chart.
Figure E.4 Mechanical friction in line shafts

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--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

AWWA is the authoritative resource for knowledge, information and advocacy to improve the quality and
supply of water in North America and beyond. AWWA is the largest organization of water professionals in
the world. AWWA advances public health, safety and welfare by uniting the efforts of the full spectrum of
the entire water community. Through our collective strength we become better stewards of water for the
greatest good of the people and the environment.
--`,`,`,`,``,,,,,,,`,````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1P-3.6M-45103-7/08-JP Printed on Recycled Paper


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ANSI/AWWA E103-07

The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water®

Horizontal and Vertical

Effective date: August 1, 2008.

6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy

Copyright American Water Works Association

American National Standard

Copyright © 2008 by American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

General Interest Members

J.B. Allen,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)

E.W. Allis, Peerless-Midwest Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. (AWWA)

Copyright American Water Works Association

S. Ahmed, Detroit Water and Sewerage Department, Detroit, Mich. (AWWA)

Copyright American Water Works Association

Foreword 4.2 General Design: Common to

VI Comments ................................... xvii B Field Testing of Pumps

Copyright American Water Works Association

E Engineering Information and B.4 Field-Test Diagram for End-

Figures E.1 Horizontal Pump Nominal

A.1 Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Impeller-Ring Diametrical

Inline, Flexible Coupling With Clearance .................................... 59

Overhung Impeller ...................... 28 E.2 Friction Loss in Discharge Heads ... 60

Inline, Rigid Coupling With Column....................................... 61

Overhung Impeller ...................... 29 E.4 Mechanical Friction in Line Shafts... 62

A.3 Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Tables

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constructed to meet applicable code requirements.

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III.A.1.6 Construction requirements.

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1. Barrel (can) pump with suction nozzle in discharge head or in barrel.

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4. Separately coupled, single-stage, horizontal axial or mixed flow.

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Horizontal and Vertical

Sec. 1.1 Scope

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This standard references the following documents in their current editions.

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ASTM A283—Standard Speciﬁcation for Low and Intermediate Tensile

The following deﬁnitions shall apply in this standard. Deﬁnitions of pump

* Manufacturers Standardization Society, 127 Park St., N.E., Vienna, VA 22180.

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NPSHA = hsa – hvp (Eq 1)