Hkkjrh; oSKkfud ,oa vkS|ksfxd vuql/a kku if=kdk 171

o"kZ 20 vad 2 fnlEcj 2012 i`- 171-176

ifjof/kZr vk;fud tSydj.k fof/k }kjk ty esa foys; vkS"kf/k dk lw{e&laiqVhdj.k

fuf[ky dqekj lpku] lhek iq"dj ,oa ,l ds ?kks"k*

fo'ofo|ky; vkS"k/k foKku laLFkku] N=kifr 'kkgw th egkjkt fo'ofo|ky;] dkuiqj 208 024 ¼m-iz-½
*Hks"kftd foKku foHkkx] fMczwx<+ fo'ofo|ky;] fMczwx<+ 786 004 ¼vle½

lkjka'k % vk;fud tSydj.k fof/k vU; izfof/k;ksa dh rqyuk esa ddZ'k gkykr ls cprs gq, vkS"kf/k;ksa ,oa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh mRiknksa ds lw{e&laiqVhdj.k gsrq
vkS|ksfxd :i ls lqlaxr o lokZf/kd izpfyr rjhdk gSA ty esa foys; vkS"kf/k;ksa dk buds laiqVhdj.k o l[r gksus ds nkSjku n`<+dkjh foy;u ¼curing
solution) esa fu{kkyu ds dkj.k U;wu&laiqVhdj.k {kerk gh gkbMªkstsy&df.kdkvksa ds fuekZ.k esa bl cgqi;ksxh izkfof/kdh dh ,d izeq[k ifjferrk gSA izLrqr
'kks/k esa fefJr foyk;dksa dss iz;ksx ls esVQkWfeZu gkbMªksDyksjkbM tks fd ,d ty foys; vkS"kf/k gS] dh n`<+dkjh foy;u esa foys;rk dks ifjofrZr dj] ty
esa foys; vkS"kf/k;ksa ds lw{e&laiqVhdj.k gsrq ifjof/kZr vk;fud tSydj.k izkfof/k dks ,d csgrj oSdfYid mikxe Lo:i izLrkfor o ijh{k.k fd;k x;k gSA
dSfY'k;e DyksjkbM ds tyh; ,lhVksu esa fofHkUUk lkUnz.kksa ds foy;uksa dks 150 rpm dh fLFkj eaFku xfr ij xksy isanh okys ¶ykLd esa lw{e df.kdkvksa ds
fuekZ.k gsrq iz;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA nokbZ feykdj iwoZ&ijk/ofur fd;s x;s izh&ftysfVukbTM cksjk pkoy o lksfM;e ,fYtusV ds fefJr tSy dks laiqVhdj.k
esa tSo&cgqydh; vk/kkj ds :i esa bLrseky fd;k x;kA rS;kj lw{e&df.kdkvksa dks ,lhVksu ls /kksdj igys pØh; fuokZr 'kq"dd esa fQj Å".k&ok;q vksou
esa 40°C ls fuEu rki ij lq[kk dj lajf{kr fd;k x;k ftudk ewY;kadu ckn esa laiqVhdj.k n{krk ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;kA

Modified ionic gelation method preparation of hydrogel microbeads of a

water soluble drug
Nikhil Kumar Sachan, Seema Pushkar & S K Ghosh*
University Institute of Pharmacy, C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur 208024 (U.P.)
*Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University 786004 (Assam)

Abstract
Ionic gelation method has been one of the most popular and industrially feasible techniques of microfabrication of drugs and biotechnological
products avoiding harsh condition when compared with other encapsulation techniques like solvent evaporation. One of the major limitations
for this versatile technique for preparation of hydrogel microstructures is the low encapsulation efficiency for water soluble drugs because
they leach out to curing solution during encapsulation and hardening. Although some measures like reducing curing time, low stirring speed,
higher gel strength etc. were suggested in previous studies. The present research proposes and examines an alternative approach of modified
ionic gelation method for encapsulation of water soluble drug, metformin hydrochloride in this study, through modifying drug solubility in
curing solution by using mixed solvents. Varying concentrations of calcium chloride into aqueous acetone were employed at a fixed stirring
speed of 150 rpm in RBF for preparation on microbeads. A combined pre-gelatinized Bora rice-Sodium alginate gel matrix backbone,
previously blended with drug and ultrasonicated, was used as matrixing material for encapsulation. The prepared beads, washed with acetone
and dried in a rotary vacuum drier and subsequently in hot air oven below 40°C were evaluated on the basis Drug Entrapment Efficiency.

izLrkouk vkS"kf/k;ksa dks dqN okgh d.kksa ds lkFk ;ksftr dj iwoZ;ksftr <ax ls
fiNys dqN n'kdksa esa csgrj vfHkdfYir ^vkS"kf/k ifjnku okafNr Hks"ktk.kqxfrdh gkfly dj yf{kr vax rd igqapkus dk ,d
izfof/k;ksa* ¼Mªx fMfyojh flLVEl½ dss ek/;e ls miyC/k vkS"kf/k;ksa dq'ky mikxe gS rFkk gky ds dqN n'kdksa esa ;g O;kid vuqla/kku
dh mi;ksfxrk c<+kus esa foLr`r #Ökku jgk gS1A lw{e&laiVq hdj.k Mªx dk fo"k; jgk gSA
fMfyojh ds {ks=k esa ,d izeq[k cgqmi;ksxh mRd"kZ gSA lw{e&lafojpu lw{e&laiqVhdj.k nzoksa dks Bksl Lo:i esa cnyus] dksyk;My
172 Hkkjrh; oSKkfud ,oa vkS|ksfxd vuqla/kku if=kdk o"kZ 20 vad ¼2½ fnlEcj 2012

¼colloidal½ o lrgh xq.kksa esa ifjorZu djus] laiqfVr inkFkks± dss vkS"kf/k ifjnku iz.kkfy;ksa dss fodkl esa bl fof/k dk bLrseky fd;k
i;kZoj.kh; izHkkoksa ls j{k.k rFkk mudh miyC/krk dks fu;af=kr djus x;k gSA gkykafd fdafpr izfØ;kxr ekunaMksa ds b"Vrehdj.k
dh ,d ;qfä iznku djrk gSA gkykafd ekbØksdIS lwy 'kCn ,d ØksM+ ¼optimization½ ls izHkkoh laiVq hdj.k gsrq fofHkUUk mik;ksa tSls fd
o [kksy lajpuk dks bafxr djrk gS] rFkkfi O;ogkfjd Hkk"kk esa U;wu eaFku xfr] mPp lkanz.k] foyksMu le; esa deh rFkk de
ekbØksdSIlwYl u dsoy fÖkYyh esa leko`r d.kksa ,oa cwanksa dss fy, rjyrk tSls fdafpr mik; iwoZ v/;;uksa esa lqÖkk, x;s gSa8]9A fdUrq
iz;qä gksrk gS cfYd df.kdk Lo:i izdhf.kZr cgqykdh; vkO;wg@ vf/kdka'kr% ;s mik; iz;qä izØe dh dk;Z{kerk dks izHkkfor djrs
eSfVªDl rFkk e/;orhZ lajpukvksa dks Hkh leku :i ls lekfo"V gSaA oLrqr% bl 'kks/k dk ewy iz;kstu fefJr foyk;dksa ds ek/;e
djrk gS Hkys gh mlesa iz[kj ckgjh nhokj o vUr%ØksM+ u gksa2A ^Ýspa ls vftZr ifjofrZr vkS"k/kh; foys;rk rFkk vU; iwoksZä vk'kks/kuksa
QkekZdksfi;k dss vuqlkj ekbØksdIS lwYl Bksl vkoj.k ls fufeZr ,slh ds lek;kstu ls ifjof/kZr vk;fud tSydj.k fof/k dh ty&foys;
Bksl lkexzh gSa ftuesa Bksl ;k nzo vFkok dksbZ ysbZ tSlk inkFkZ vkS"kf/k;ksa dh laiqVhdj.k n{krk esa lao/kZu gsrq mi;ksfxrk dh ij[k
lekfgr gksrk gSA ekbØksdSIlwYl 1250µ ls U;wu O;kl ds d.kksa djuk gSA izLrqr v/;;u esa mi;qä Z vk'kks/kuksa ls ifjof/Zkr vk;fud
okys pw.kZ dss :i esa gksrs gSa1A gkbMªkstsy lw{e&df.kdk,a lkekU;r% tSydj.k fof/k dk bLrseky esVQkWfeZu gkbMªkDs yksjkbM & ,d ty&foys;
1 ls 1000µ dh Js.kh esa dqN xksykdkj] MsuMªhej vk/kkfjr tsy vkS"kf/k dh laiqVhdj.k n{krk esa lao/kZu gsrq fd;k x;k gSA
fdLe dss cgqyd ls fufeZr df.kd lajpuk,a gksrh gSa ftUgsa cgqyd
ds tyh; ?kksy esa ewy vkS"kf/k dks fuyafcr dj izkIr feJ.k dks lkexzh ,oa fof/k
flfjatuqek ;FkkFkZ lw{efNfnzr&;qfä }kjk 'kuS% 'kuS% foyksfMr n`<d + kjh • vkS"kf/k;ka o jlk;u % pkoy fMczwx<+ ds LFkkuh; cktkj ls [kjhnk
3]4
foy;u esa Vidk, tkus ls izkIr fd;k tkrk gS A bl fof/k dks gh x;kA vle dss lqifz l) mRlo fcgw ds R;kSgkjh O;atu ihBk esa iz;ä q
vk;fud tSydj.k fof/k dgrs gaS ftldk vUos"k.k fye o eksl fd;s tkus okyk lqifjfpr pkoy gksus dss dkj.k blds izek.khdj.k
¼1981½ }kjk thfor dksf'kdkvksa dss laiVq hdj.k gsrq fd;k x;k Fkk4A o uewuk nLrkost laxzghr fd;s tkus dh vko';drk u FkhA
blesa iw.kZr% tyh; izc/a k iz;ä q gksrk gS vr% ddZ'k gkyr ugha gksrh esVQkfeZu gkbMªkDs yksjkbM jSucDlh yscksjVs hª t fyfeVsM] xqMx+ kao ¼Hkkjr½
gSA }kjk 'kks/k dk;Z gsrq eq¶r HksaVLo:i iznku dh x;hA lksfM;e
iwoZ esa vk;u izfs jr tSydj.k dss :i esa fofnr lw{e&laiVq hdj.kdh ,YthusV ¼yksck dsfe- izk- fy-] eqEcbZ½] dSfY'k;e DyksjkbM ¼DoSfytsla
vk;fud tSydj.k fof/k nokbZ dss izHkko dss le; dks i;kZIr Qkbu dsfedYl izk- fy-] eqEcbZ½] ,slhVksu¼edZ dsfedYl izk- fy-]
foLrkfjr dj jksxcks/kd y{k.kksa esa jkgr ls ejhtksa esa fufnZ"V eqEcbZ½ {ks=kh; vkfiZwrdrkZ ;wfud VsDuksykWth] dkuiqj dss ek/;e ls
mipkj&vuqo`fÙk dks mUUkr djus rFkk vkS"kf/k;ksa ds nq"izHkko jfgr [kjhns x;sA leLr fo'ys"k.kkRed vfHkdeZd dksfV ds iz;ksx'kkyk
okafNr mipkjkRed vlj izkIr djus ds fy, iz;qä gksrh gS5]6A jlk;u iz;ksx esa yk;s x;sA
vk;fud tSydj.k fof/k O;ogkfjd o rduhdh :i ls lqxerFkk • lw{e&df.kdkvksa dk fuekZ.k % ifjof/kZr vk;fud tsydj.k fof/k
lw{e&i;L; ,oa foyk;d ok"iu tSlh vU; izfof/k;ksa dh rqyuk esa ls lw{e&df.kdkvksa ds fuekZ.k gsrq iwoZ&ftysfVuhØr cksjk pkoy o
fdQk;rh gS lkFk gh ddZ'k gkykr ls cprs gq, vkS"kf/k;ksa ,oa lksfM;e ,fYtusV ds fefJr tsy dks laiqVhdj.k esa tSo&cgqydh;
tSoizkS|ksfxdh mRiknksa dss lw{e&laiqVhdj.k gsrq vkS|ksfxd :i ls vk/kkj dss :i iz;ksx esa yk;k x;kA cksjk pkoy dk ftysfVuhdj.k
lqlaxr o lokZf/kd izpfyr rjhdk gSA bl fof/k dh vusd HkV~Vkpk;Z vkfn ¼1979½ }kjk of.kZr Å"eh; fof/k ls Økafrd rki
vPNkb;ksa dss ckotwn lw{e&laiVq hdj.k }kjk ^fu;af=kr vkS"kf/k ifjnku* ¼Tg½ ds Åij xeZ djds fd;k x;k rFkk Økafrd rki ¼Tg½ dk
¼daVkª Ys M Mªx fMfyojh½ esa bldh lhfer mi;ksfxrk dk ize[q k dkj.k fu/kkZj.k fMÝsfUlvy LdSfuax dSyksjhesVªh }kjk djus ls 64°C ik;k
ty esa foys; vkS"kf/k;ksa dk buds laiVq hdj.k o l[r gksus dss nkSjku x;k Fkk10A oLrqr% lw{e&df.kdkvksa ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ pkoy ds pw.kZ
n`<+dkjh foy;u esa fu{kkyu ds QyLo:i vi;kZIr laiqVhdj.k ds ftysfVuhdj.k gsrq blds Kkr 'kfä okys tyh; fuyacu dks 30
n{krk gh gS7A ftl dkj.k ls ;g fof/k tSo&Hks"kth; oxhZdj.k ds feuV rd 121°C ij vkWVksDyso fd;k x;k11A bl izdkj izkIr tsy
izFke o r`rh; oxZ esa LFkkfir ikuh esa mPp foyk;drk okyh esa lksfM;e ,fYtusV dh ifjdfyr ek=kk ifj.kkeh feJ.k dh
vkS"kf/k;ksa ds tyko'kks"k.kdkjh ¼hydroswellable½ cgqydksa ds iz;ksx okafNr 'kfä izkIr djus ds vuq:i feykdj ewy vkS"kf/k dss lkFk
lw{e&laiqVhdj.k gsrq vuqi;qä djkj nh x;h gSA fdUrq vusdkusd ,d:i djus dss i'Pkkr ijk/ofur ¼:i VsyhlksfuDl vYVªklksfuDl
'kks/k&i=kksa esa fofo/k ty&foys; vkS"kf/k;ksa dk laiVq hdj.k dj fu;af=kr fy-] Hkkjr½ fd;k x;kA bl vkS"kf/k;qä cgqydh; feJ.k dks
 lpku ,oa vU; % ifjof/kZr vk;fud tSydj.k fof/k }kjk ty esa foys; vkS"kf/k dk lw{e&laiqVhdj.k 173

flfjatuqek ;FkkFkZ lw{efNfnzr&;qfä }kjk 'kuS%&'kuS% fo|qr pkfyr • izfrn'kZ vkS"kf/k dk vkadyu o izek=khdj.k % vkS|ksfxd lzksrksa ls
vafdd foyksM+d ls fu;af=kr xfr esa foyksfM+r n`<+dkjh foy;u dss izkIr esVQkWfeZu gkbMªkDs yksjkbM dks xyu fcanq vf/kdre vo'kks"k.k
fofHkUUk lkUnz.kksa esa Vidk;k x;k rFkk izkIr tsy cwna ksa dks i;kZIr n`<+ dh rjaxnS/;Z ¼λmax½]o vkbZ-vkj-LiSDVªe vkfn dss }kjk ij[kk x;k
gksus dss mijkUr i`Fkd dj ,slhVksu ls /kks;k x;k o igys pØh; rFkk ek=kkRed vkdyu gsrq ;w-oh- LiSDVªksQksVksehVj¼f'kekn~TÖkw
fuokZr 'kq"dd ¼esfMdk baLVªwesaV~l fy-] Hkkjr½ esa fQj Å".k&ok;q QkekZ&Lisd&1700½ dss mi;ksx ls ijkcSxa uh LisDVªkxs kz Qh }kjk 233nm
vksou ¼,u-,l-MCY;w-] Hkkjr½ esa 40°C ls fuEu rki ij lq[kkdj rjaxnS/;Z ¼λmax½ ij izkIr vo'kks"kdrk ls ekud xzkQ dss ek/;e ls
ewY;kadu gsrq lajf{kr fd;k x;k ¼fp=k 1½A n`<+dkjh fofy;u esa lkanz.k dk ifjdyu fd;k x;k14A
dSfYl;e DyksjkbM ds 5»] 8»] rFkk 2» lkanz.k tyh; ,lhVksu • laiqVhdj.k n{krk dk fu/kkZj.k % yxHkx 50 xzke vkS"kf/k;qä
esa iz;ä
q fd;s x;s rFkk cksjk pkoy o lksfM;e ,YthusV dk vuqikr lw{e&df.kdkvksa dks 'kq)rkiwoZd rkSydj mUgsa dkap dss vks[ky esa
4%1] 3%1 ,oa 2%1 dss vuq:i ifjofrZr dj ,d izfØ;kxr dkjd pwf.kZr dj 50mL ikuh dss lkFk 24 ?kaVs rd ;kaf=kd izdEid ¼jseh
Lo#i v/;;u fd;k x;kA lkFk gh cgqydh; feJ.k o vkS"kf/k ds eksVlZ eqacbZ] Hkkjr½ esa rhoz daiu }kjk fu"df"kZr fd;k x;kA
vuqikr ds izHkko dh iM+rky 1%1] 1%2] 1%3 pj jkf'k dss lkFk rnksijkarizkIr foy;u dks Nkudj blds 1mL dks f}vklfor ty
fojpudkjd ds :i esa dh x;hA ls leqfpr ruq djds mijksä of.kZr fof/k }kjk fufgr vkS"kf/k dk
• d.k vkdkj fo'ys"k.k % fufeZr lw{e&df.kdkvksa ds vkdkj dk ek=kkRed vkdyu fd;k x;kA df.kdkvksa dh laiqVhdj.k n{krk
fu/kkZj.k izdk'kh; lw{en'khZ ¼vksY¸Eil]Hkkjr½ }kjk va'k'kksf/kr us=k fuEufyf[kr lw=k dk bLrseky dj ifjdfyr dh x;h15A
[kaM lw{eekih ¼,jek] tkiku½ }kjk fd;k x;k tks fd vkdkj ekiu
dk lokZf/kd izR;{k rjhdk gSA df.kdkvksa dks XyklLykbM ij laiqVhdj.k n{krk = vkxf.kr izfr'kr vkS"kf/k Hkkj.k × 100
lS)kafrd izfr'kr vkS"kf/k Hkkj.k
lh/ks gh ekÅaV fd;k x;k Fkk rFkk izfr chp 150&200 df.kdkvksa
ds O;kl dk ekiu dj mudk vkSlr fy;k x;k12] 13A
izfr'kr vkS"kf/k Hkkj.k = df.kdkvksa esa vkS"kf/k dh ek=kk × 100
df.kdkvksa dh ek=kk

• dyk&oS"kE; lw{enf'kZdh % lw{enf'kZdh okgd e/;LFk vkS"kf/k

ifjnku 'kks/k dk ,d vfHkUUk vax gSA vkt lw{en'khZ dk mi;ksx
oLrqvksa dks ns[kus ds fy, gh ugha gksrk oju~ nzO;ksa ds d.kksa ds ekius]
x.kuk djus vkSj rkSyus ds fy, Hkh bldk mi;ksx gks jgk gSA
fo'ks"kr% ;g jaxghu ikjn'kZd inkFkks± dh lajpuk fn[kkus dh fof/k
gSA fofHkUUk lajpukvksa ds dkj.k muesa ØeHkax ns[kk tkrk gSA
dyk&oS"kE; fof/k dk ykHk ;g gS fd mRiUUk O;fädj.k fQat oLrq
dh viorZukad lajpuk dks O;ä dj nsrk gSA oLrqr% nks izdkj dh
;g iznhfIr] /kq/¡ kyh i`"BHkwfe vkSj dyk&oS"kE;] 'kks/k ds fy, ,d cM+k
egRo dk lk/ku gSA /kq¡/kyh i`"BHkwfe iznhfIr vR;ar lw{e d.kksa dks
ns[kus esa mi;ksxh fl) gqbZ gS16A lajpukRed y{k.kksa ds vUos"k.kkFkZ
lw{e&df.kdkvksa dksdyk&oS"kE; lw{en'khZ (LABOMED XLR
C-II, India) rys ns[kk x;k o blds fy, df.kdkvksa dks lw{en'khZ
dss LVst ij fcuk fdlh iwoZ mipkj ds lh/ks gh ekÅaV fd;k x;k
FkkA
ifj.kke ,oa foospuk
izLrkfor ifjof/kZr vk;fud tSy dj.k fof/k ls vkS"kf/k ;qä
fp=k 1 — ifjof/kZr vk;fud tSydj.k fof/k ls lw{e&df.kdkvksa lw{e&df.kdkvksa dss fuekZ.k gsrq esVQkWfeZu gkbMªkDs yksjkbM dks izfrn'kZ
dk fuekZ.k vkS"kf/k dss :i esa bLrseky fd;k x;k ftlls fd lEiqVhdj.k n{krk
174 Hkkjrh; oSKkfud ,oa vkS|ksfxd vuqla/kku if=kdk o"kZ 20 vad ¼2½ fnlEcj 2012

fp=k 2 — izfrn'kZ vkS"kf/k esVQkWfeZu gkbMªksDyksjkbM dk vfHkfyf[kr

ijkcSaxuh o.kZØe

dk ifjdyu o bl ij fofo/k izfØ;kxr ,oa fojpu dkjdksa dss

izHkko dks ij[kk tk ldsA esVQkWfeZu gkbMªksDyksjkbM dss izkIr uewus
dk y{k.kkRed v/;;u djus ij xyu fcanq 222°C ik;k x;k tks fp=k 3 — izfrn'kZ vkS"kf/k esVQkWfeZu gkbMªksDyksjkbM ds vojDr o.kZØe
fd vkf/kdkfjd eku 222 & 226°C dss vuq:i FkkA ijkcSxa uh LdSu ¼v½ lanHkZ ¼c½ vfHkfyf[kr
esa vf/kdre vo'kks"k.k dh rjaxnS/;Z ¼λmax½ 232 uSuksehVj Lrj ij
Fkh ¼fp=k 2½A ;g fczfV'k QkekZdksfi;k&2003 dss vuqlkj ¼λmax½ dss dyk oS"kE; lw{enf'kZdh ls ;g [kqyklk gqvk fd fufeZr
vkf/kdkfjd eku 233 dss vR;ar djhc gS14A blds lkFk gh vkS"kf/k lw{e&df.kdk,a vYi xksykdkj nh?kZor~ vkd`fr okyh rFkk fo"ke
uewus dk vfHkfyf[kr vojä o.kZØe fczfV'k QkekZdksfi;k&2003 lrg ;qDr FkhaA nks cgqydksa dss ijLij vuqikr dk izHkko Hkh rqyuh;
esa fn, x;s esVQkWfeZu gkbMªksDyksjkbM dss lUnHkZ o.kZØe ls i;kZIr FkkA vkS"kf/k ;qä ,oa fu''ksf"kr o ,p-ih-,e-lh- tSls cgqydksa ls
lekurk j[krk gS ¼fp=k 3½A vr% ;g ifj.kke esVQkWfeZu gkbMªkDs yksjkbM ysfir df.kdkvksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u Hkh lw{enf'kZdh dss ek/;e
dss izkIr uewus dh f'kuk[r izekf.kr djrs gSa A esVQkWfeZu gkbMªkDs yksjkbM ls fd;k x;kA fu"ksfpr df.kdkvksa dh lrg ij Nqnz fNnzksa dh
dk ek=kkRed vkdyu ijkcSxa uh o n`'; o.kZØe izdk'kekih ¼U-V- mifLFkfr bl ckr dks bafxr djrh gS fd fofy;u esa vkS"kf/k dk
Visible Spectrophoto-meter½ ds mi;ksx ls vkf/kdkfjd fof/ fjlko bUgha fNnzksa dss ek/;e ls gqvk gS tks fd cgqydh; vk/kkj dss
k }kjk fd;s tkus ij blds oS/khdj.k dh vko';drk u FkhA ifjof/kZr LQhr gksus dss mijkUr foyk;d&varokZg ls ?kqfyr vkS"kf/k dss
vk;fud tSydj.k fof/k ls vkS"kf/k ;qä lw{e&df.kdkvksa dk cfgokZg }kjk mRiUUk gq, gksaxsA cksjk pkoy o lksfM;e ,fYtusV dss
fuekZ.k lQyrkiwoZd rFkk i;kZIr lEiqVhdj.k n{krk dss lkFk fd;k 2%1 ls de vuqikr gksus dh n'kk esa i;kZIr lEiqVhdj.k n{krk ds
tk ldkA bl izdkj fufeZr df.kdkvksa dk vkSlr vkdkj 0-822 lkFk lw{e&df.kdkvksa dk lQyrkiwoZd fuekZ.k vlk/; Fkk ,slk
ls 0-961mm dh Js.kh esa Fkk ,oa budh lEiqVhdj.k n{krk laHkor% U;wu fr;Zd&ca/ku ds QyLo:i vi;kZIr dqapu yVc)rk
b"Vehd`r izfØ;kxr ekunaMksa dss lkFk 68-26» rd ik;h x;hA dss dkj.k gqvk gksxkA cgqydh; tSy lkanz.k c<+kus ls df.kdkvksa dss
df.kdkvksa dk vkdkj iz;qä lw{e&;qfä dss vfrfjä tSy lkanz.k] vkSlr vkdkj esa Hkh o`f) ntZ dh x;hA ,slk feJ.k dh ';kurk
eaFku xfr] cgqydh; feJ.k esa vkS"kf/k dh ek=kk] rFkk n`<+dkjh esa o`f) dh otg ls laHkkfor gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i ;FkkFkZ
fofy;u dss lkan.z k ij fuHkZj ik;k x;k ¼fp=k 4½A lEiqVhdj.k n{krk fNfnzr&;qfä ls n`<+dkjh ?kksy esa Mkyrs le; VidkbZ tk jgh
izfØ;kxr ,oa fojpu dkjdksa ds vuq:i ifjorZuh; Fkh tks fd cgqydh; feJ.k dh cwanksa dss vkdkj esa o`f) gqbZ gksxh] vr% fufeZr
lkafnzr n`<+dkjh fofy;u esa U;wu eaFku xfr ij vYikof/k dss df.kdkvksa dk vkdkj Hkh c<+ x;kA ;g ik;k x;k fd n`<+dkjh
n`<+hdj.k o cgqydh; feJ.k esa vkS"kf/k dh ek=kk c<+k, tkus ij fofy;u dh lkanzrk vFkok cgqydh; feJ.k esa vkS"kf/k dh ek=kk
dnkfpr iqu% mUUkr dh tk ldrh gS ¼fp=k&5½A c<+kus ij df.kdkvksa dss vkdkj esa bt+kQk gksrk gS ,slk cgqydh;
 lpku ,oa vU; % ifjof/kZr vk;fud tSydj.k fof/k }kjk ty esa foys; vkS"kf/k dk lw{e&laiqVhdj.k 175

Design-Expert® Software
Factor Coding: Actual
Particle Size

X1 = E: Bora rice - Sodi. Alg. Ratio

X2 = F: Polymer-Drug Ratio

Actual Factors
A: Stirring Speed = 325.00
B: Gel Strength = 5.00
C: Conc. of Cross-linking Agent = 10.00 1.2
D: Curring Time = 12.50
G: Drying Condition = Oven
H: Cross-linking Agent = Ca. Chloride
J: Release Environment = 0.1N HCl 1.1

Particle Size
1

0.9

0.8

3:1

0.7
1:1 2:1

2:1 F: Polymer-Drug Ratio

3:1 1:1
E: Bora rice - Sodi. Alg. Ratio

fp=k 4 — vkS"kf/k&cgqyd vuqikr ,oa cksjk pkoy&lksfM;e ,fYtusV dss vuqikr dk df.kdkvksa dss vkdkj ij izHkko

fp=k 5 — tSy lkanz.k rFkk eaFku xfr dk laiqVhdj.k n{krk ij izHkko

dadky esa vladpq uh; Bksl inkFkks± dss lekfo"V gksus dss ifj.kkeLo:i leku ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa lksfM;e ,fYtusV dss vf/kd vuqikr dss lkFk
ekywe gksrk gSA nks cgqydksa dk ikjLifjd vuqikr df.kdkvksa dss cuk;h x;h df.kdk,a m".k gkykr esa rqyukRed :i ls Nqnz o ueh
vkdkj dks fo'ks"k izHkkfor ugha djrk lkFk gh ;g Hkh ns[kk x;k fd esa cksjk pkoy dss vf/kd vuqikr dss lkFk fufeZr df.kdkvksa ls
176 Hkkjrh; oSKkfud ,oa vkS|ksfxd vuqla/kku if=kdk o"kZ 20 vad ¼2½ fnlEcj 2012

o`grj ekih x;haA lw{e&df.kdkvksa dss fuekZ.k esa fu.kkZ;d vo/kkjdksa baMfLVª;y QkesZlh] r`rh; laLdj.k ¼fQykMsfYQ;k] U;w;kdZ % yh
dss fo'ys"k.k gsrq gj pj.k dk cgqr ckjhdh ls voyksdu fd;k ,aM Qsfcxsj ifCy'klZ½] ¼1986½ 142&429-
3- dq#eísg ds vkj] johl MCY;w vkj ,oa csVxsjh th oh] Mªx fMosyiesaV
x;kA laiqVhdj.k n{krk esa o`f) gsrq ,d vuqHkwr mik; dss :i esa
,aM baMfLVª;y QkesZlh] 20 ¼1994½ 2659&2664-
cgqydh; feJ.k dk dSfY'k;e DyksjkbM foy;u esa Vidkuk iw.kZ 4- fye ,Q ,oa eksl vkj Mh] tuZy vkWQ QkekZL;wfVdy lkbalsl] 70
gksrs gh eaFku can dj fn;k x;k rFkk df.kdkvksa dks fLFkj ?kksy esa ¼1981½ 351&54-
n`<+hdj.k dss fy, fuf'pr le; rd NksM+k x;kA df.kdkvksa dh 5- dqatpu ,l] tksls ,l ,oa yEeslZ Vh] ,f'k;u tuZy vkWQ
laiVq hdj.k n{krk ,dhdj.k dss mijkUr cgqydh; feJ.k esa vkS"kf/k QkekZL;wfVDl] 4 ¼2010½ 148&153-
feyk;s tkus rFkk mlls df.kdkvksa dss fuekZ.k ds e/; dss le; o 6- v'kksd dqekj ,] jkts'k dqekj ih] vfuy dqekj ,] jsM~Mh yksdsLoj
ijk/ouhdj.k djus vFkok u djus ij Hkh fuHkZj djrh gSA a VsLokjkjko Vh] tuZy vkWQ+ ,IykbM QkekZL;wfVdy lkballs ] 1
,oa osd
¼6½ ¼2011½ 127&132-
7- lpku ,u ds] QSczhds'ku ,aM ck;ksQkekZL;wfVdy dSjsDVjkbts'ku
fu"d"kZ vkWQ+ ekbØksikfVZdqysV daVªksYM Mªx fMyhojh flLVe daiksTM vkWQ
izLrkfor ifjof/kZr vk;fud tSydj.k fof/k ls vkS"kf/k&;qä vle cksjk jkbl ,t ikflcy E;wdks,M~gsflo cSdcksu- ih,p-Mh-
lw{e&df.kdkvksa dk fuekZ.k lQyrkiwoZd rFkk i;kZIr lEiqVhdj.k Fkhfll ¼Hkkjr % fMczwx<+ fo'ofo|ky;] vle½ 2011-
n{krk dss lkFk fd;k tk ldkA esVQkWfeZu gkbMªksDyksjkbM dh 8- lpku ,u ds ,oa HkV~Vkpk;Z ,] tuZy vkWQ vle lkbal lkslk;Vh]
47 ¼3½ ¼2006½ 34&41-
ty&foys;rk dss pyrs blds n`<+dkjh ?kksy esa fu{kkyu dh izof` Ùk dss
9- lpku ,u ds ,oa HkV~Vkpk;Z ,] baVjus'kuy tuZy vkWQ gsYFk
ckotwn i;kZIr mPp laiqVhdj.k n{krk izkIr dh tk ldh tks fd fjlp]Z 2 ¼1½ ¼2009½ 113&119-
dnkfpr mPp&';kurk okys tSy vojks/k ls ckf/kr folj.k] foijhr 10- lpku ,u ds] ?kks"k ,l ds ,oa HkV~Vkpk;Z ,] ,f'k;u tuZy vkWQ+
/kzoq rk okys fefJr foyk;dksa }kjk ifjofrZr foys;rk ,oa vkS"kf/k dk dSfeLVªh] 24 ¼5½ ¼2010½] bu izsl-
pkoy dss LVkpZ dss [kks[kys gkbZye ¼hilum½ esa izfo"V gks tkus dss 11- HkV~Vkpk;Z ds vkj] ftysVukbts'ku VsEizspj vkWQ jkbl LVkpZ ,aM
ifj.kkLo:i mikftZr izrhr gksrk gSA vr% ;g izkfof/k laxr bV~l fMVfeZu's ku bu izkl
s hfMaXl vkWQ odZ'kki vkWu dsfedy vkLisDV~l
vuqdy w d mik;ksa dss vuq:i mi;qä vk'kks/kuksa }kjk fofHkUUk ty esa vkWQ jkbl xzsu DokfyVh ¼fQyhihal % varjkZ"Vªh; pkoy 'kks/k
laLFkku½ ¼1979½ 231&250-
foys; vkS"kf/k;ksa dss lw{e&laiqVhdj.k esa ,d csgrj fodYi Lo#i 12- ekfVZu ,] LofczZPd ts ,oa dkEekjrk ,] fQftdy QkesZlh % fQftdy
iz;qä dh tk ldrh gSA dsfedy fizaflfiYl bu QkekZL;wfVdy lkbalsl- r`rh; laLdj.k]
¼Hkkjrh; laLdj.k % ds ,e o?khZl ifCyds'ku] eqEcbZ] Hkkjr½]
vkHkkj ¼1991½ 492&521-
'kks/k dk;Z gsrq fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk vfHk;kaf=kdh 13- VDdk ,l] vksdkd vks ,p ,oa vdkrqZdZ ,Q] ;wjksfi;u tuZy
,oa izkS|ksfxdh ;kstukUrxZr Hks"kth esa dfu"B 'kks/k v/;srko`fÙk vkWQ QkekZL;wfVdy lkbalsl] 6 ¼1998½ 241&246-
14- fczfV'k QkekZdksfi;k] ¼yUnu % LVs'kujh vkWfQl] gj eStsLrh
vf/kfu.khZr djus dss fy, vkHkkjA ifCyds'ku½ fMftVy laLdj.k ¼2003½-
lUnHkZ 15- ow ,p] ta?k tsM ,Dl] t+ksg ,p ih] ow Mh lh] ow bZ ,y ,oa dkax
1- lpku ,u ds] flag ch ,oa jkekjko ds] eysf'k;u tuZy vkWQ vkj] tuZy vkWQ+ ekbØks,udSIlqys'ku 21 ¼8½ ¼2004½ 889&903-
QkekZL;wfVdy lkbalsl] 4 ¼1½ ¼2006½ 65&81- 16- lw{enf'kZdh % bafM;k okVj iksVZy ¼fgUnh osclkbV½ ¼2011½ vkWuykbu
2- cdu ts ,] ekbØks,udSIlqys'ku- bu] ¼lEikndx.k % yhcjeSu] lwpuk lzksr osclkbV % http://hindi.indiawaterportal.org/node/
,p ,] ySDeSu ,y ,oa dfyax ts ,p½ n F;ksjh ,aM izSfDVl vkWQ 34664