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    Validation Case: Flow Past A Cylinder: November 19, 2018

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    hieulee
    This document summarizes a computational fluid dynamics simulation of flow past a cylinder. The simulation models flow in a rectangular domain with a cylinder placed either fixed or moving within. Parameters like Reynolds number, grid resolution, and time of simulation are varied. Results like vorticity fields and drag coefficient are presented and compared to experimental data. Differences between fixed and moving cylinder cases are small, with drag coefficients and vorticity fields nearly identical.

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    Validation Case: Flow Past A Cylinder: November 19, 2018

    Uploaded by

    hieulee
    52 views3 pages
    This document summarizes a computational fluid dynamics simulation of flow past a cylinder. The simulation models flow in a rectangular domain with a cylinder placed either fixed or moving within. Parameters like Reynolds number, grid resolution, and time of simulation are varied. Results like vorticity fields and drag coefficient are presented and compared to experimental data. Differences between fixed and moving cylinder cases are small, with drag coefficients and vorticity fields nearly identical.

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    report_cylinder.pdf

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    This document summarizes a computational fluid dynamics simulation of flow past a cylinder. The simulation models flow in a rectangular domain with a cylinder placed either fixed or moving within. Parameters like Reynolds number, grid resolution, and time of simulation are varied. Results like vorticity fields and drag coefficient are presented and compared to experimental data. Differences between fixed and moving cylinder cases are small, with drag coefficients and vorticity fields nearly identical.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views3 pages

    Validation Case: Flow Past A Cylinder: November 19, 2018

    Uploaded by

    hieulee
    This document summarizes a computational fluid dynamics simulation of flow past a cylinder. The simulation models flow in a rectangular domain with a cylinder placed either fixed or moving within. Parameters like Reynolds number, grid resolution, and time of simulation are varied. Results like vorticity fields and drag coefficient are presented and compared to experimental data. Differences between fixed and moving cylinder cases are small, with drag coefficients and vorticity fields nearly identical.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Validation case: flow past a cylinder

    November 19, 2018

    The computational domain is rectangular, with length Ly = 64 and height Lz = 12 (see


    figure 1). The cylinder has diameter d = 1. Two configurations are compared: ‘fixed’
    and ‘moving’. The ‘fixed’ cylinder is placed at distance 1 from the left boundary of the
    domain and 6.005 from the bottom boundary. This position does not change in time.
    The small offset (0.005) above the horizontal symmetry axis of the domain breaks the
    top-bottom symmetry of the mask function. The flow is assumed two-dimensional.
    The mean flow is forced in the horizontal direction with velocity U = 1. The number
    of grid points is equal to Ny = 4096 and Nz = 768. The penalization parameter is
    equal to η = 10−3 . The flow starts impulsively at time t = 0, and the computation
    stops at time tmax = 60.

    The ‘moving’ cylinder is placed initially at the distance of 61 units from the left bound-
    ary and moves to the left with unit speed. Zero mean flow is forced. Otherwise, all
    parameters are the same as in the ‘fixed’ case.

    Three values of the Reynolds number are considered: Re = 20, 40 and 100. Figure 2
    displays the vorticity field of a ‘fixed’ cylinder at Re = 100. By the time t = 60, the
    symmetric wake breaks down and a vortex street develops.

    The drag coefficient is calculated as


    2Fx
    cd = , (1)
    ρU 2 d
    where Fx is the drag force and ρ = 1 is the fluid density. Figure 3(a) shows the time
    evolution of cD of the ‘fixed’ cylinder at different Re. After the initial transient, the

    Lz U
    d

    Ly

    Figure 1: Schematic drawing of the computational domain.

    1
    Vorticity
    4
    10 2
    0
    5
    -2
    0 -4
    0 10 20 30 40 50 60

    Figure 2: ‘Fixed’ cylinder, Re = 100. Vorticity at time t = 60.

    ultimate value of cD is approximately reached at t = 20 when the wake is symmetric. At


    Re = 100, the drag coefficient slightly increases after t = 35 because of the transition
    towards the periodic vortex shedding. Note that even though the vortex street is
    an unsteady flow, the force coefficient oscillates very little at this Re. Figure 3(b)
    compares cD obtained by averaging between t = 55 and t = 60, with the values known
    from experiments (data adapted from [1]). The slight discrepancy at Re = 20 may
    be due to an insufficient domain size, because the vorticity is more spread-out at this
    value of Re.

    Finally, figure 4(a) compares the drag coefficient of ‘fixed’ and ‘moving’ cylinders at
    Re = 20. The difference between them is very small: it only consists in grid-frequency
    oscillations, and their amplitude is less than 0.1% of the mean value. The difference
    between the vorticity fields of the ‘fixed’ and ‘moving’ cylinders, shown in figure 4(a)
    for t = 60, is also very small. It is less than 1%, and rapidly decays with the distance
    from the cylinder.

    References
    [1] Anatol Roshko. Experiments on the flow past a circular cylinder at very high
    reynolds number. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 10:345–356, 5 1961.

    (a) (b )
    4 4
    Re =20 Experiment
    40 Computation
    3 3
    100
    cD
    cD

    2 2

    1 1

    0 0
    0 20 40 60 0 20 40 60 80 100
    t Re

    Figure 3: Drag coefficient versus time (a) and versus the Reynolds number (b).

    2
    (a) ( b ) Vorticity difference (moving-fixed)
    2.299 7 0.04
    moving
    2.2985
    fixed
    6.5 0.02
    2.298
    cD

    2.2975
    6 0
    2.297

    2.2965 5.5 -0.02

    2.296
    40 40.05 40.1 5 -0.04
    t 0 1 2

    Figure 4: (a) Drag coefficient versus time of a ‘fixed’ and of a ‘moving’ cylinder at
    Re = 100. (b) Difference between the vorticity fields in these two cases, at t = 60.

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