INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART

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www.stratigraphy.org International Commission on Stratigraphy v 2018/08

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a th m / E

a th m / E

a th m / E
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em

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m

m
o th

o th

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GSSP

GSSP

GSSP

GSSP
GSSA
numerical numerical numerical Eonothem numerical
n

n
Series / Epoch Stage / Age age (Ma) Series / Epoch Stage / Age Series / Epoch Stage / Age / Eon Erathem / Era System / Period
Eo

Eo

Eo
age (Ma) age (Ma) age (Ma)
Sy

Sy

Sy
Er

Er

Er
present ~ 145.0 358.9 ± 0.4 541.0 ±1.0
U/L Meghalayan
Holocene 0.0042
Ediacaran
Quaternary

M Northgrippian 0.0082 Tithonian

L/E Greenlandian 0.0117 152.1 ±0.9 ~ 635
Upper Famennian Neo- Cryogenian
0.126 Upper Kimmeridgian
Middle 157.3 ±1.0 Upper proterozoic ~ 720
Pleistocene 0.781 372.2 ±1.6
Calabrian Oxfordian Tonian
1.80 163.5 ±1.0 Frasnian 1000
Gelasian Callovian 166.1 ±1.2

Devonian
Stenian

Jurassic
2.58 Bathonian 382.7 ±1.6
Middle 168.3 ±1.3
Piacenzian Bajocian Givetian 1200
Pliocene 3.600 170.3 ±1.4
Middle 387.7 ±0.8 Meso-
Zanclean Aalenian proterozoic Ectasian
5.333 Eifelian

Proterozoic
174.1 ±1.0 1400
Messinian 7.246 Toarcian 393.3 ±1.2 Calymmian
Neogene

Tortonian 182.7 ±0.7 1600

11.63 Emsian

Mesozoic
Lower Pliensbachian Statherian
Serravallian 13.82 190.8 ±1.0 Lower 407.6 ±2.6
1800
Miocene Pragian 410.8 ±2.8
Sinemurian

Precambrian
Langhian Orosirian
Cenozoic

15.97
199.3 ±0.3 Lochkovian Paleo-
Burdigalian Hettangian 201.3 ±0.2 419.2 ±3.2 proterozoic 2050
20.44 Rhyacian
Aquitanian Rhaetian Pridoli
23.03 ~ 208.5 423.0 ±2.3 2300
Ludfordian
Chattian Ludlow 425.6 ±0.9 Siderian
27.82 Gorstian

Silurian
Oligocene Upper Norian 427.4 ±0.5 2500
Rupelian Wenlock Homerian Neo-
Triassic

430.5 ±0.7
33.9 ~ 227 Sheinwoodian 433.4 ±0.8 archean
Priabonian Carnian Telychian 2800
Paleogene

37.8 ~ 237 Meso-

Llandovery 438.5 ±1.1

Archean
Bartonian Ladinian Aeronian
41.2
~ 242 440.8 ±1.2 archean
Middle
Phanerozoic

Phanerozoic

Phanerozoic
Eocene Lutetian Rhuddanian 443.8 ±1.5 3200
Anisian

Paleozoic
47.8 247.2 Hirnantian 445.2 ±1.4 Paleo-
Lower Olenekian 251.2
Ypresian Induan 251.902 ±0.024 Upper Katian archean
56.0 Changhsingian 453.0 ±0.7 3600
Thanetian 254.14 ±0.07

Ordovician
59.2 Lopingian Wuchiapingian Sandbian Eo-
Paleocene Selandian 259.1 ±0.5 458.4 ±0.9 archean
61.6
Danian Capitanian Darriwilian 4000
265.1 ±0.4 Middle
66.0 Guadalupian 467.3 ±1.1
Wordian Dapingian Hadean
Permian

Maastrichtian 268.8 ±0.5 470.0 ±1.4

72.1 ±0.2 Roadian 272.95 ±0.11 Floian ~ 4600

Campanian Kungurian Lower 477.7 ±1.4 Units of all ranks are in the process of being defined by Global Boundary
Stratotype Section and Points (GSSP) for their lower boundaries,
83.6 ±0.2 283.5 ±0.6 Tremadocian including those of the Archean and Proterozoic, long defined by Global
Upper Santonian 86.3 ±0.5 Artinskian 485.4 ±1.9 Standard Stratigraphic Ages (GSSA). Charts and detailed information
Cisuralian 290.1 ±0.26 Stage 10 on ratified GSSPs are available at the website
Coniacian ~ 489.5
Sakmarian Furongian http://www.stratigraphy.org. The URL to this chart is found below.
Paleozoic

89.8 ±0.3 Jiangshanian

293.52 ±0.17
Turonian Asselian ~ 494 Numerical ages are subject to revision and do not define units in the
Cretaceous

93.9 298.9 ±0.15 Paibian ~ 497 Phanerozoic and the Ediacaran; only GSSPs do. For boundaries in
Mesozoic

Cenomanian Gzhelian the Phanerozoic without ratified GSSPs or without constrained numerical
Mississippian Pennsylvanian

Upper 303.7 ±0.1

Guzhangian ages, an approximate numerical age (~) is provided.
100.5 Kasimovian ~ 500.5
307.0 ±0.1 Miaolingian Drumian Ratified Subseries/Subepochs are abbreviated as U/L (Upper/Late),
Cambrian
Albian Middle Moscovian ~ 504.5 M (Middle) and L/E (Lower/Early). Numerical ages for all systems
Carboniferous

~ 113.0 315.2 ±0.2 Wuliuan except Quaternary, upper Paleogene, Cretaceous, Triassic, Permian
~ 509 and Precambrian are taken from ‘A Geologic Time Scale 2012’ by
Aptian Lower Bashkirian Stage 4 Gradstein et al. (2012), those for the Quaternary, upper Paleogene,
323.2 ±0.4 ~ 514 Cretaceous, Triassic, Permian and Precambrian were provided by the
~ 125.0 Series 2
Barremian Upper Serpukhovian Stage 3 relevant ICS subcommissions.
330.9 ±0.2 Colouring follows the Commission for the
Lower ~ 129.4 ~ 521
Geological Map of the World (http://www.ccgm.org)
Hauterivian Middle Visean Stage 2
~ 132.9 Chart drafted by K.M. Cohen, D.A.T. Harper, P.L. Gibbard, J.-X. Fan
Valanginian ~ 529
346.7 ±0.4 Terreneuvian (c) International Commission on Stratigraphy, August 2018
~ 139.8
Lower Tournaisian Fortunian To cite: Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L. & Fan, J.-X. (2013; updated)
Berriasian The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes 36: 199-204.
~ 145.0 358.9 ±0.4 541.0 ±1.0
URL: http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2018-08.pdf