EVIDENCE (Rules 128-134)

EVIDENCE (Rules 128-134)
Henedino M. Brondial
A. PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATION
1. Definition/Meaning and Scope of Evidencde
2. Kinds and Classifications of Evidence
3. Axioms of Admissibility
a. Relevancy
b. Competency
c. Authenticity
d. Offer
4. Kinds of admissibility
a. Conditional
b. Multiple
c. Curative
Cases:
1. Ong Chia vs. Republic, 328 SCRA
- on naturalization
2. Zulueta vs. CA, 253 SCRA
- on privacy of communication & cofrespondence
3. People vs. Yatar, 428 SCRA
- on the right against self-incrimination (DNA)
4. Tating vs. Marcella, 519 SCRA
- admissibility vs/ weight & sufficiency of evidence
5. People vs. Salafranca, 666 SCRA
- multiple admissibility of evidence
6. SCC Chemicals Corp. vs. CA, 353 SCRA
- hearsay evidence admissible when not objected
B. WHAT NEED NOT BE PROVED

1. Judicial Notice
a. andatory and discretionary
b. when to take judicial notice
2. Judicial Admissions
a. When is there judicial admissions
Cases:
1. LBP vs. Banal, 434 SCRA
- on contents of the records of the case
2. People vs. Klais, 292 SCRA
- on testimonies in another case
3. Laureano vs. CA, 324 SCRA
- admissibility of foreign laws
4. Maquiling vs. COMELEC, 700 SCRA
- admissibility of foreign laws/official records
5. People vs. Baharan, 639 SCRA
- admissibility of extrajudicial confession/plea of guilty
6. Republic vs. Sandiganbayan, 662 SCRA
- Exception to admissibility of testimonies in other cases
7. Ligtas vs. People, 767 SCRA 1
- admissibility of decisions and records in other cases
1
C. RULES OF ADMISSIBILITY
1. Object/Real Evidence
Cases:
1. Salas vs. Matusalem, 705 SCRA
- how to establish paternity and filiation
2. People vs. Mercury dela Cruz, 802 SCRA, Sept. 7, 2016
- chain of custody rule
3. People vs. Manuel de la Rosa, Dec. 13, 2017
4. People vs. Sanchez, March 7, 2018
5. People vs. Emmanuel Oliva – January 7, 2019
- chain of custody rule,
2. Documentary Evidence
1. St, Martin Polyclinic, Inc. vs. LWV Const. Corp., 847 SCRA
2. People vs. Vibar, 858 SCRA 230
- admissibility of private documenets
a. The Best Evidence Rule

Cases:
1. MCMP Const. Corp. vs. Monark, Nov. 10, 2014
2. Loon vs. Power Master, Inc., 712 SCRA
3. Dimaguila vs. Monteiro, 714 SCRA
4. Republic vs. Mupas, 769 SCRA 384
5. Robinol vs. Bassig, 845 SCRA 447
b. Parole Evidence
Cases:
1. Leoveras vs. Valdez, 652 SCRA
2. Paras vs. Kimwa Const. & Dev. Corp., 755 SCRA
3. PNB vs. Pasimio, 769 SCRA 70
4. Mancol vs. DBP, 846 SCRA 131
c. Electronic Evidence
- A.M. 01-7-01-SC, Rules on Electronic Evidence
- R.A. 8792, E-Commerce Law
Cases:
1. Heirs of Sabanpan vs. Comorposa, 408 SCRA
2. Torres vs. PAGCOR, 661 SCRA
3. Ang vs. Rpeublic, 618 SCRA
4. People vs. Enojas
5. Syhunloing vs. Rivera, June 4, 2014
6. Bartolome vs. Maranan, 740 SCRA 491
7. BBB vs. AAA, 750 SCRA 188
8. Astorgaa & Repol Law Offices vs Villanueva, 7651
SCRA 410
3. Testimonial Evidence
b. Qualifications: “one who can perceive and perceiving can make
known his perception”
i. ability to observe/perceive
2
ii . ability to recall/rember
iii. ability to relate/communicate
c. disqualifications:
Case: Marcos vs. Heirs of Andres Navarro, 700 SCRA
i. Mental incapacity or immaturity
Case: People vs. Golimlim, 427 SCRA
ii. Marital disqualification

Cases:
1. Alvarez vs. Ramirez, 473 SCRA
2. People vs. Castaneda, 88 SCRA
iii. Death or insanity (dead man’s statute)

Cases:
1. Razon vs. CA, 207 SCRA
2. Sunga-Chan vs. Chuan 363 SCRA
3. Bordalba vs. CA, 374 SCRA
iv. Privileged communication

Cases:
1. Chan vs. Chan, 702 SCRA
2. Lacurom vs. Jacoba, 484 SCRA
3. Samala vs. Valencia, 512 SCRA
4. Almonte vs. Vasquez, 344 SCRA
Note: Discuss executive privilege under the doctrines in –

Senate of the Philippines vs. Ermita (488 SCRA); and
Neri vs. Senate Committees (435 SCRA)
d. Testimonial Privilege
e. Admissions
- by third parties
- by partners
- by conspirators
- by privies
- by silence
Cases:
1. Constantino vs. Heirs of Pedro Constantino, Jr. 706 SCRA
2. Cambe vs. Office of the Ombudsman, 812 SCRA
3. Pamplona vs.Cuento, 856 SCRA 33
4. Ocampo vs. Ocampo, Sr., 830 SCRA 418
f. Confessions
- judicial vs.extra-judicial
Cases:
1. People vs.Dacanay, 807 SCRA 130, 11/7/2016
2. Pfeider vs. People, 827 SCRA 343
3. Fronteras vs. People, 776 SCRA 152
4. People vs. Opiniano, 832 SCRA (2017)
5. Cruz vs. People, 846 SCRA 189
g. Conduct and Character

Cases:
1. People vs.Santos, 221 SCRA 715
2. People vs.Nardo, 353 SCRA339
3
3. RP vs. Heirs of Alejaga, Sr., 393 SCRA 361
h. Hearsay Evidence Rule

Cases:
1. Patula vs. People, 669 SCRA
2. People vs. Aguirre, 845 SCRA
 Doctrine independently relevant statement
i. Dying Declaration:
Pp vs.Calinawan, 817 SCRA 424, Feb. 13, 2017
Pp vs. Umapas, 821 SCRA 421
ii. Declaration against interest:
Pp vs. Bernal, 274 SCRA
Heirs of Peter Donton vs.Stier, 837 SCRA583
iii. Declaration about pedigree:
Tizon vs. CA, 276 SCRA
iv. Family Reputation:
Jison vs. CA, 286 SCRA
v. Common reputation
vi. Res gestae:
Pp vs. Dimapilit, 836 SCRA 514
Pp vs. Santilla, 837 SCRA 71
vii. Entries in the course of business:
Phil. Airlines vs. Ramos, 207 SCRA 461
viii. Entries in Official Records:
People vs. Corpuz, 856SCRA 610
Sabili vs.COMELEC, 670 SCRA
Cercado-Siga vs. Cercado, Jr., 752 SCRA 514
ix. Commercial lists:
Meralco vs. Quisumbing, 336 SCRA
x. Learned treatises
xi. Testimony or deposition at a former proceeding:
Pp vs. Ortiz-Miyako, 279 SCRA;
Go vs. People, 677 SCRA
xii. Child Witness Rule:
People vs. Ibanez, 706 SCRA
People vs. Esugon, 759 SCRA 666
h. Opinion Rule
i. Expert Witness:
Labarez vs.Guevarra, 822 SCRA 130
Avelino vs. People, 701 SCRA
ii. Ordinary Witness:
Pp vs. Duranan, 349 SCRA
i. Character Evidence
Case:
People vs. Deopita, 436 SCRA 794
D. BURDEN OF PROOF AND PRESUMPTIONS
1. Burden of Proof vs. Burden of Evidence

Case: FEBTC vs. Chante, 707 SCRA
2. Presumptions
a. Conclusive presumptions
i. Ibaan Rural bank vs. CA, 321 SCRA
ii. Alcaraz vs. Tangga-an, 401SCRA
iii. University of Mindanao vs. BSP, 778 SCRA (1/11/16)
b. Disputable presumptions
Cases:
Rosaroso vs. Soria, 699 SCRA
4
Heirs of Trazonia vs. Heirs of Canada, 712 SCRA
Uy vs. Lacsamana, 767 SCRA 657
Diaz vs. People, 776 SCRA 43
- suppression of testimony: People vs. Padrigone, 383 SCRA

Metrobank vs. CA, 333 SCRA
- official duty: People vs. Barte, 819 SCRA 10, March 1, 2017
Delos Santos vs. COA, 703 SCRA
People vs. Candidia, 707 SCRA
- cohabitation: People vs. Edualino, 271 SCRA
- absence
- legitimacy
- survivorship
E. PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE
1. Order of Presentation of Evidence.

People vs. Fabre, 385 SCRA
2. Leading and Misleading Questions.

People vs. Perez, 397 SCRA
3. Impeachment.
People vs. Castellano, 400 SCRA
4. Reference to Memorandum
a. Present Memory Revived.
People vs. Plasencia, 249 SCRA
b. Past Recollection Recorded

Canque vs. CA, 305 SCRA
5. Classes of Documents
a. Public Documents
Cases:
1. Iwasawa vs. Gangan, 705 SCRA
2. Asian Terminals vs. Philam Insurance, 702 SCRA
b. Private Documents
6. Offer of Evidence.
Aludos vs. Suerte, 673 SCRA
Westmont Investment Corporation vs. Francia, Jr., 661 SCRA
7. Tender of Excluded Evidence

Fortune Tobacco Corp. vs. Com of Int. Rev., 761 SCRA 173
F. WEIGHT AND SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE (Hierarchy of Evidence)

i. Overwhelming evidence
ii. Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt

1. People vs. Caliso – 659 SCRA
2. People vs. Patentes – 716 SCRA
3. People vs. Arcenal, 821 SCRA 549
4. People vs. Alboka, 856 SCRA 252
iii. Clear and Convincing

1. Govt of Hongkong Special Adm. Region vs. Olalia, Jr. – 521 SCRA
2. Sup.Court vs.Delgado, 658 SCRA
5
3. People vs.Fontanilla – 664 SCRA
4. People vs.Cabiles, 827 SCRA
iv. Preponderance of Evidence
1. PCIB vs.Balmaceda – 658 SCRA
2. De la Llana vs. Biong -711 SCRA
3. Canlao vs. People – 659 SCRA (equipoise doctrine)
v. Substancial Evidence
1. Office of the Ombudsman vs. Reyes – 658 SCRA
2. Ramos vs. BPI Family Savings Bank-0 711 SCRA
vi. Prima facie evidence

1. Lucas vs. Lucas – 650 SCRA
2. Estate of F.E. Marcos vs. Republic, 814 SCRA 600
3. Marcos vs. Cabrera-Faller, 815 SCRA 285
vii. Probable Cause

1. PNB vs. Tria -671 SCRA
2. Del Castillo vs. People – 664 SCRA
viii. Iota of Evidence (circumstantial)

1. People vs. Anticamara – 651 SCRA
2. People vs.Deocampo 666 SCRA
3. Celedonio vs. People, 761 SCRA 363
4. Bacerra vs. People, 828 SCRA 525
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EVIDENCE (Rules 128-134)

B. WHAT NEED NOT BE PROVED

a. The Best Evidence Rule

i. Mental incapacity or immaturity

Case: People vs. Golimlim, 427 SCRA

ii. Marital disqualification

iii. Death or insanity (dead man’s statute)

iv. Privileged communication

Note: Discuss executive privilege under the doctrines in –

3. Pamplona vs.Cuento, 856 SCRA 33

4. Ocampo vs. Ocampo, Sr., 830 SCRA 418

g. Conduct and Character

h. Hearsay Evidence Rule

D. BURDEN OF PROOF AND PRESUMPTIONS

1. Burden of Proof vs. Burden of Evidence

- suppression of testimony: People vs. Padrigone, 383 SCRA

1. Order of Presentation of Evidence.

2. Leading and Misleading Questions.

b. Past Recollection Recorded

7. Tender of Excluded Evidence

F. WEIGHT AND SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE (Hierarchy of Evidence)

ii. Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt

iii. Clear and Convincing

vi. Prima facie evidence

vii. Probable Cause

viii. Iota of Evidence (circumstantial)

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