Activity 3.2.

4 Beam Analysis Short Cuts

Introduction
As you performed calculations during Activity 3.2.3 Beam Analysis, you may have
noticed a pattern to the calculation of end reactions and the resulting shear and
moment diagrams. In fact, mathematical formulas can be developed to represent the
magnitude of the end reactions, shear, and bending moments based on the type of
loading imposed on the beam. Engineers typically use these time-saving formulas in
lieu of creating shear and moment diagrams.

Equipment
 Engineering notebook
 Computer with MD Solids software
 Pencil

Procedure
Use the following beam formulas to complete the activities below. All beams are 16
feet in length. All uniform loads are w = 100 lb/ft and all concentrated loads are P =
500 lb. Assume the distance a = 4 ft.

1. Use the beam formulas given for each beam diagram to calculate the end
reactions and maximum moment for each loading case. Then compare your
answers to the end reactions and maximum moment you found in Activity 3.2.3
Beam Analysis. Note that, for this activity, the deflection formulas are provided
for reference only.
2. Use MD Solids to create the shear and bending moment diagrams. Remember to
reset between problems. Print out the diagrams and attach them to this activity.
Compare the shear and bending moment diagrams with the diagrams you
created in Activity 3.2.3 Beam Analysis.

Note: For all formulas

L= Length of beam (ft)
P = Concentrated load in pounds (lb)
lb
ω = Uniform load ( )
ft
R = End reaction (lb)
M = Bending moment (ft ∙ lb)
a = Distance from left support to point of load application (ft)
b = Distance from the support to point of load application as shown in diagram (ft)

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Civil Engineering and Architecture Activity 3.2.4 Beam Analysis Short Cuts– Page 1
 1. Simple Beam – Concentrated Load at Center

LL L = 16, W = 100 lbs, P = 500

2 lbs, a = 4 ft
P
Reaction R A =R B=
2
500/2 = 250 lbs
PL
Moment M max =
4
(at point of load)
16 x 500 = 8000 / 4 = 2000 ftlb
P L3
Deflection Δ max =
48 EI
(at point of load)

2. Simple Beam – Uniformly Distributed Load

L = 16, W = 100 lb/ft, P = 500
L lbs, a = 4 ft
ωL
Reaction R A =R B=
2
100 x 16 = 1600/2 = 800
lbs
ω L2
Moment M max =
8
(at center)
100 x 256 / 8 = 3200

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Civil Engineering and Architecture Activity 3.2.4 Beam Analysis Short Cuts– Page 2
 ft/lb
5 ω L4
Deflection Δ max =
384 EI
(at center)

3. Simple Beam – Uniformly Distributed Load and Concentrated Load at Mid-Span

L = 16, W = 100 lb/ft, P = 500 lbs, a = 4

L ft
P ωL
Reaction R A =R B= +
2 2
500/2 + 1600/2 = 1050 lbs
PL ω L2
Moment M max = +
4 8
(at point of load)
2000 + 3200 = 5200 ft/lbs
Deflection

PL 5 ω L4
Δ max = +
4 384 EI
(at point of load)

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Civil Engineering and Architecture Activity 3.2.4 Beam Analysis Short Cuts– Page 3
 4. Simple Beam – Two Equal Concentrated Loads – Symmetrically Placed
L = 16, W = 100 lb/ft, P = 500 lbs, a =
L 4 ft
Reaction R A =R B=P
3. 500 lbs
Moment M max =Pa
(between loads)
500 x 4 = 2000 ftlbs
Pa
Deflection Δ max = ¿
24 EI
(at center)

© 2010 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Civil Engineering and Architecture Activity 3.2.4 Beam Analysis Short Cuts– Page 4
L 5. Simple Beam – Two Equal Concentrated Loads – Symmetrically Placed and
2 Uniformly Distributed Load
L = 16, W = 100 lb/ft, P = 500 lbs, a = 4 ft
L ωL
Reaction R A =R B=P+
2
500 + 800 = 1300 lbs
ω L2
Moment M max =Pa+
8
(between loads)
2000 lbft + 3200 lbft = 5200 ftlb
5 ω L4 + Pa ¿
Deflection Δ max =
384 EI 24 EI
(at center)

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Civil Engineering and Architecture Activity 3.2.4 Beam Analysis Short Cuts– Page 5
 6. Simple Beam Concentrated Loads – Asymmetrically Placed
L = 16, W = 100 lb/ft, P = 500 lbs, a = 4
L ft
Pb
Reaction RA=
L
Pa
R B=
L
Reaction A = 500 x 12 / 16 = 375 lbs
Reaction B = 2000 / 16 = 125 lbs
Pab
Moment M max =
L
(at Point of Load)
500 x 4 = 2000 x 12 = 24000/ 16 =
1500 ftlb
Deflection
Pab( a+2 b) √ 3 a(a+ 2b)
Δ max =
27 EI

a(a+ 2b)
(at x=
√ 3,
when a>b )

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Civil Engineering and Architecture Activity 3.2.4 Beam Analysis Short Cuts– Page 6
 © 2010 Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Civil Engineering and Architecture Activity 3.2.4 Beam Analysis Short Cuts– Page 7
Conclusion
1. Which of the three analysis methods (sketching shear and moment diagrams, beam
formulas, or MD solids) do you prefer? Why?
I prefer MD solids, as it’s easier, quicker, and more accurate.

2. Which method provides the quickest calculation for maximum shear and moment?
The MD Solids program

3. Which method provides the most comprehensive analysis?

Md Solids

4. Why is it important to understand the mathematics and physics behind a formula or

computer program before relying on the results?
Because we need to be able to double check the results or identify when something
doesn’t make sense.

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Civil Engineering and Architecture Activity 3.2.4 Beam Analysis Short Cuts– Page 8