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    E104 - Superposition Theorem and Linearity

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    E104 - Superposition Theorem and Linearity

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    E104 - Superposition Theorem and Linearity

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    Mapúa Institute of Technology

    Department of EECE

    Experiment No. 4
    Superposition Theorem and Linearity

    Name: _SANTIAGO, Charl Joseph B.____


    Course Code / Section: _EE101L/B7_

    GRADE

    Date of Performance: ____February 18, 2015_______


    Date of Submission: _____March 04, 2015__________

    __Engr. Jun A. Teresa__


    Instructor
    QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS: (ANSWERS)
    1. What does a negative response in a superposition imply?
    A negative response in a superposition implies that the assumed
    direction of the current or the polarity of the voltage is incorrect. To
    correct this, simply change the current’s direction or the polarity of the
    voltage.

    2. How many responses are obtained from an N number of


    independent sources present in a given circuit?
    There are no responses obtained from a number of independent
    sources present in a given circuit. Responses are any parameter like
    resistance, voltage, or current. Thus, the number of responses can be
    obtained with the number of constant parameters in the circuit since
    they are directly proportional to each other.

    3. Is it possible to eliminate dependent sources on superposition?


    No, it is not possible to eliminate dependent sources on
    superposition theorem however all sources except dependent sources
    can be eliminated.

    4. What are the possible limitations of the superposition


    theorem?
    The possible limitations of the superposition theorem are it can
    be applied only to linear circuits, it can be applied only to voltage and
    current, and it cannot be used to solve for the total power dissipated
    by an element.

    5. Determine the voltage, Vx, using superposition in the figure


    below.

    Solution:
    10 V :ON ; 15 V :OFF ; 10 A :OFF
    V 'x =10
    1.6
    ( )
    V ' =4.44 V
    ''
    I 'x' =5.56 A I x =5.56 ( 2+22 )
    2+1.6 x I 'x' =2.78 A
    ---------------------------------------------
    10 V :OFF ; 15 V :ON ; 10 A :OFF
    1
    V 'x' =15 ( ) V ' ' =1.67 V
    1+8 x
    ---------------------------------------------
    10 V :OFF ; 15 V :OFF ; 10 A :ON
    5
    I 'x' =10 ( )
    5+ 4
    V 'x' ' =2.78 ( 2 )
    V 'x' ' =5.56 V
    ---------------------------------------------
    V x =V 'x +V 'x' +V 'x' '
    V x =4.44 V +1.67 V +5.56 V
    V x =11.67

    6. Determine the voltage across 5 ohm resistance using


    superposition shown in the figure below.

    Solution:

    12 V :ON ; 7 A :OFF
    2.5454
    V (5 )=12 (
    2+2.5454 )
    V (5 )=6.72 V
    5
    V '(5 )=6.72
    5+2 ( )
    '
    V (5 )=4.8 V
    ---------------------------------------------
    12 V :OFF ; 7 A :ON
    Using Nodal Analysis:

    @ Node 1: (0.5+ 0.2)V (1) +0.2 V (2) – 0.5V (3)=−7 @ Node 2:


    0.2 V (1) +(0.2+0.25+0.5) V (2)−(0.5+0.25) V (3) =0
    @ Node 3: (0.5+ 0.25+ 0.5)V (3)−0.5 V (1 ) – (0.25+0.5) V (2) =7

    V (1 )=−8.4 V ; V (2)=0
    V (3 )=2.24 V
    V '(5' )=−8.4−0
    ' ''
    V (5 )=V (5 )+ V (5)
    V (5 )=4.8−8.4
    V (5 )=−3.6 V
    7. Determine the voltage across
    3 mho using superposition
    shown in the circuit below.

    Solution:

    6 A :ON
    −6+ 2 ( V (1)−V ( 2) ) +5 ( V ( 1)−V (2 ) )=0 V =(0.33)I (1)
    (13 Ω)
    @ Equation 1: V =0 V
    7 V (1) −7 V (2) =6−( 5+2) V (1) +13 V (2)=0
    (13 Ω)
    ---------------------------------
     Total Voltage @ right
    @ Equation 2:
    V 1 =V '( 2) +V '( 2' )+V '( 2' ') +V 1
    −7 V (1 )+13 V ( 2)=0 (3 Ω) ( 3 Ω)
    ' '
    V =1.857 V ;V =1 V -------------------------
    (1 ) ( 2) V =1+2+5+ 0
    -------- (13 Ω)
    12 A :ON @ Node 1: V =8 V
    (13 Ω)
    7 V (1) −7 V (2) =0
     Total Voltage @ left
    @Node 2:
    −7 V (1 )+3 V (2)=12 V 1 =V '( 2) +V '(2' )−V '(2' ') +V 1
    (3 Ω) ( 3 Ω)
    V (1 )=2 V ; V ( 2)=2 V -------------------------------
    V =1+2+ (−5 )+ 0
    -- (13 Ω)
    10 V :ON V =−2 V
    (13 Ω)
    @ Node 1: 7 V (1) −5 V (2)−2V (3 )=0

    @ Node 2:
    −7 V (1 )+ 8V (2)−5 V (3 )=0

    @ Node 3:
    V (2 )−V (3 )=10

    V (1 )=2.143 V ; V (2)=5 V ; V (3) =−5 V ------


    ----------------------------
    −3 A−on
    @ Mesh 1:
    0.33 I (1) +0.33 I (1)=0
    I (1)=0
    SET-UP:
    As shown in Figure 4.1, we were given a Circuit 1 trainer kit (EECE471-
    2 and EEC470), Circuit 1 trainer power supply (Feedback Power supply
    PS445), Analog DC ammeter (100mA) and electronic voltmeter.

    Fig. 4.1: The materials used in Experiment 2.

    As instructed, we measure the resistances of R 1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 and


    connect the resistances in the circuit as shown in Figure 4.2.

    Fig. 4.2: The schematic diagram when the 15 V & 5 V DC sources are
    ON.
    After which, we connect the power supply unit to the main power
    supply line. We ensure that the output voltages of the power supply is set
    and adjusted to 15 V DC for Voltage Source 1 and 5 V for Voltage Source 2
    then we connect the supply to the circuit.

    Fig. 4.3: The actual set-up when the 15 V and 5 V DC sources are ON.

    After gathering the data, we remove the 5 V DC Source by shorting the


    terminals in the circuit as shown in Figure 4.4.

    Fig. 4.4: The actual set-up when the 15 V DC source is ON.

    We placed the 5 V DC source again and remove the 15 DC source as


    shown in Figure 4.5.
    Fig. 4.5: The actual set-up when the 5 V DC source is ON.

    To prove that the measured data are all correct, we simulate the circuit
    diagrams using Tina Pro. As shown in Figure 4.6, the measured values and
    the simulated values obtained in 15V and 5V DC source are similar to one
    another.

    Fig. 4.6: The simulation when the 15 V and 5 V DC sources are ON.

    Also, as shown in Figure 4.7, the measured values and the simulated
    values obtained only in 15 V DC source are similar.
    Fig. 4.7: The simulation when the 15 V DC source is ON.

    Lastly, as shown in Figure 4.8, the measured values and the simulated
    obtained only in 5 V DC source are alike.

    Fig. 4.8: The simulation when the 5 V DC source is ON.


    SAMPLE COMPUTATION:
    Calculated Values I 3=I '3+ I '3' I 3=0.006 A+0.004 A I 3=0.010 A
    (Measured Values)
    For Voltages:
    For Currents:
    V 1=V '1 +V '1'V 1=1.92 V +(−0.4 V )
    I 1=I '1 + I '1' I 1=0.019 A +(−0.004 A )
    V 1=1.52 V
    I 1=0.015 A
    V 2=V '2 +V '2' V 2=8.96V +(−2.04 V )
    I 2=I '2+ I '2' I 2=0.013 A +(−0.008 A)
    V 2=6.92 V
    I 2=0.005 A

    ' '' V 3=V '3 +V '3' V 3=4.12V + 2.48V V 3=6.60V


    I 3=I + I I =0.006 A+0.004 A I 3=0.010 A
    3 3 3

    For Voltages: V 4 =V '4 +V '4' V 4 =1.31V +(−0.80 V )

    V 1=V '1 +V '1'V 1=1.91 V +(−0.4 V ) V 4 =0.51 V

    V 1=1.51 V
    V 5=V '5 +V '5' V 5=2.81 V +(−1.72V )

    V 2=V '2 +V '2' V 2=8.82V +(−2.02V ) V 5=1.09 V

    V 2=6.80 V

    V 3=V '3 +V '3' V 3=4.09 V + 2.45V V 3=6.54 V

    V 4 =V '4 +V '4' V 4 =1.28 V +(−0.79V )


    V 4 =0.49 V

    V 5=V '5 +V '5' V 5=2.77 V +(−1.70 V )


    V 5=1.07 V

    Calculated Values
    (Simulated Values)

    For Currents:
    I 1=I '1 + I '1' I 1=0.020 A +(−0.004 A)
    I 1=0.016 A

    I 2=I '2+ I '2' I 2=0.013 A +(−0.008 A)


    I 2=0.005 A
    GRAPHS / CURVES
    Graph 4.1.1: The relationship between resistance and its
    voltage.

    4
    Voltage (V)
    3

    0
    100 466 675 100 214

    Resistance (Ohms)

    Graph 4.1.2: The relationship between resistance and its


    current.
    0.02

    0.01

    0.01

    0.01

    0.01
    Current (I)
    0.01

    0
    100 466 675 100 214
    Resistance (Ohms)

    Graph 4.2.1: The relationship between resistance and its


    voltage.

    4
    Voltage (V)
    3

    0
    100 466 675 100 214

    Resistance (Ohms)
    Graph 4.2.2: The relationship between resistance and its
    current.

    0.02

    0.02

    0.01

    0.01

    0.01

    0.01 Current (I)

    0.01

    0
    100 466 675 100 214
    Resistance (Ohms)

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