4-8 Triangles and Coordinate Proof

Position and label each triangle on the Name the missing coordinate(s) of each
coordinate plane. triangle.
1. right  with legs   and   so that   is 
2a units long and leg  is 2b units long
SOLUTION:  
Since this is a right triangle, two sides can be located
on axis. Place the right angle of the triangle, , at 3. 
the origin will allow the two legs to be along the x-
and y-axes. Position the triangle in the first quadrant. SOLUTION:  
Since C is on the y-axis, its x-coordinate is 0. Its y- Since point T is on the x-axis, the y-coordinate of the
coordinate is 2a because the leg is 2a units long. point will be 0. On the triangle it is indicated that
Since B is on the x-axis, its y-coordinate is 0. Its x- . 
coordinate is 2b because the leg is 2b units long.  
Let n be the x-coordinate of point T, and use the
distance formula to find the value of n in terms of a.

 
So, the coordinates of point T are (2a, 0).
2. isosceles  with base   that is 2a units long
SOLUTION:  
Since this is an isosceles triangle, two sides are
congruent. Here, FG is 2a units long. Draw
 horizontally that passes through the origin, O.
 Since it is isosceles, draw   on y axis which
bisects . So, the points F and G are equidistant
from the origin. Since FG = 2a, OG = a and OF = a. 4. 
Since the point G is in the right side of the y-axis and SOLUTION:  
on the x-axis, the coordinates of G are (a, 0). Since
the point F is in the left side of the y-axis and on the W lies at the origin. So, W is (0, 0).
x-axis, the coordinates of F are (–a, 0). Mark the It is indicated on the diagram that ,
point H such that HG = HF. Since the point H is on so ΔWYZ is equilateral. The x-coordinate of Z is
the y-axis, its x coordinate is 0. We can call the y- halfway between 0 and 2a or a.
coordinate of H as b. Since point W and point Y lie on the x-axis at (0, 0)
  and (2a, 0), WY = 2a.
 
Let n represent the y -coordinate for point Z and use
the distance formula to determine its value in terms
of a.
 

Name the missing coordinate(s) of each

triangle.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1

 
Therefore, the missing coordinates are W(0, 0), and
  
  Therefore, the missing coordinates are W(0, 0), and
4-8 Triangles and Coordinate
So, the coordinates of pointProof
T are (2a, 0).
  .

5. CCSS ARGUMENTS  Write a coordinate proof to

show that

4. 
SOLUTION:  
W lies at the origin. So, W is (0, 0). SOLUTION:  
It is indicated on the diagram that ,
DC =
so ΔWYZ is equilateral. The x-coordinate of Z is
halfway between 0 and 2a or a. GH =
Since point W and point Y lie on the x-axis at (0, 0)  
and (2a, 0), WY = 2a. Since DC = GH,
 
Let n represent the y -coordinate for point Z and use
the distance formula to determine its value in terms
of a.
 

 
Since DF = GF = CF = HF,
   by SSS.

6. FLAGS Write a coordinate proof to prove that the

 
large triangle in the center of the flag is isosceles.
Therefore, the missing coordinates are W(0, 0), and The dimensions of the flag are 4 feet by 6 feet and
  . point B of the triangle bisects the bottom of the flag.

5. CCSS ARGUMENTS  Write a coordinate proof to

show that

SOLUTION:  
Given:

SOLUTION:  
DC =
GH =
 
Since DC = GH,

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Prove:  is isosceles. Page 2

Proof: Use the Distance Formula to find AB and BC.
with coordinates A(0, 4), B(3, 0), and C(6, 4).
  or 5

   or 5
Since DF =and
4-8 Triangles GFCoordinate
= CF = HF,Proof Since AB = BC,  Since the legs are 
   by SSS. congruent,  is isosceles.

6. FLAGS Write a coordinate proof to prove that the Position and label each triangle on the
large triangle in the center of the flag is isosceles. coordinate plane.
The dimensions of the flag are 4 feet by 6 feet and 7. isosceles  with base   that is a units long
point B of the triangle bisects the bottom of the flag.
SOLUTION:  
Since this is an isosceles triangle, two sides are
congruent. Here, AB is a units long. Draw
 horizontally that passes through the origin, O.
Since it is isosceles, draw  on y axis which
bisects . So, the points A and B are equidistance
SOLUTION:   from the origin. Since AB = a, and
Given: . Since the point B is in the right side of the
y-axis and on the x-axis, the coordinates of B are
. Since the point A is in the left side of the y-
axis and on the x-axis, the coordinates of A
are . Mark the point C such that AC =
BC. Since the point C is on the y-axis, its x
coordinate is 0. Call the y-coordinate of C as b. The
coordinates of point C are (0, b).

Prove:  is isosceles.
Proof: Use the Distance Formula to find AB and BC.
with coordinates A(0, 4), B(3, 0), and C(6, 4).
 or 5
 or 5
Since AB = BC,  Since the legs are  8. right  with hypotenuse   the length of 
congruent,  is isosceles.
 is b units long, and the length of  is three 
Position and label each triangle on the times the length of
coordinate plane.
SOLUTION:  
7. isosceles  with base   that is a units long
Since this is a right triangle, two sides can be located
SOLUTION:   on the axes. Place the right angle of the triangle,
Since this is an isosceles triangle, two sides are , at the origin will allow the two legs to be along
congruent. Here, AB is a units long. Draw the x- and y-axes. Position the triangle in the first
 horizontally that passes through the origin, O. quadrant. Since Z is on the x-axis, its y-coordinate is
0. Its x-coordinate is 3b because the leg is 3b units
Since it is isosceles, draw  on y axis which long. Since Y is on the y-axis, its x-coordinate is 0. Its
bisects . So, the points A and B are equidistance y-coordinate is b because the leg is b units long.
from the origin. Since AB = a, and
. Since the point B is in the right side of the
y-axis and on the x-axis, the coordinates of B are
. Since the point A is in the left side of the y-
axis and on the x-axis, the coordinates of A
are . Mark the point C such that AC =
BC. Manual
eSolutions Since the point by
- Powered C Cognero
is on the y-axis, its
x 9. isosceles right  with hypotenuse  Page 3
 and legs 
coordinate is 0. Call the y-coordinate of C as b. The 3a units long
coordinates of point C are (0, b).
4-8 Triangles and Coordinate Proof

9. isosceles right  with hypotenuse   and legs  11. equilateral  with sides   units long

3a units long
SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
Since this is an isosceles right triangle, two sides can One side of the triangle can be located on the x-axis.
be located on axis. Placing the right angle of the Place point G at the origin and point J at , so
triangle, , at the origin will allow the two legs to
be along the x- and y-axes. Position the triangle in that . Place point H in the first quadrant so
the first quadrant. Since S is on the x-axis, its y-
coordinate is 0. Its x-coordinate is 3a because the leg the triangle is equilateral and .
is 3a units long. The given triangle is isosceles and  The x-coordinate of H must be halfway between 0
 is hypotenuse, so TS = TR = 3a.Since R is on the and  or  . 
y-axis, its x-coordinate is 0. Its y-coordinate is 3a
because the leg is 3a units long.  
Let n represent the y-coordinate of point H and use
the distance formula to determine its value in terms
of a.
 

10. right  with legs   and   so that   is a

units long and leg  is 4b units long
SOLUTION:    
Since this is a right triangle, two sides can be located  
on axis. Placing the right angle of the triangle, , Therefore, the coordinates of H should be
at the origin will allow the two legs to be along the x-
and y-axes. Position the triangle in the first quadrant. .
Since L is on the x-axis, its y-coordinate is 0. Its x-
coordinate is 4b because the leg is 4b units long.  
Since J is on the y-axis, its x-coordinate is 0. Its y-
coordinate is a because the leg is a units long.

12. equilateral  with sides 4b units long

SOLUTION:  
11. equilateral  with sides   units long
One side of the triangle can be located on the x-axis.
Place point D at the origin and point F at (4b, 0), so
SOLUTION:   that DF = 4b. Place point E in the first quadrant so
One side of the triangle can be located on the x-axis. the triangle is equilateral and . The
Place point G at the origin and point J at , so x-coordinate of E must be halfway between 0 and 4b
or 2b.
that . Place point H in the first quadrant so  
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero  Let n represent the y-coordinate of point E and Page
use 4
the triangle is equilateral and . the distance formula to determine its value in terms
 The x-coordinate of H must be halfway between 0 of a.
 
 coordinate is 0. The coordinates of Y are (a, 0). So,
ZY = CY = a. The point C lies on the line x =a. So, its
x-coordinate is a. It lies a units above the x-axis
since CY = a. So, its y-coordinate is a. Hence C is
4-8 Triangles and Coordinate Proof
  (a, a).  

12. equilateral  with sides 4b units long

SOLUTION:  
One side of the triangle can be located on the x-axis.
Place point D at the origin and point F at (4b, 0), so
that DF = 4b. Place point E in the first quadrant so
the triangle is equilateral and . The 14. 
x-coordinate of E must be halfway between 0 and 4b SOLUTION:  
or 2b.
has two congruent sides, so it is isosceles.
 
 Let n represent the y-coordinate of point E and use Here, BP = BK and  bisects . So, OK = OP =
the distance formula to determine its value in terms a. Point P is on the right side of the y-axis and is on
of a. the x-axis, so the coordinates of P are (a, 0). Point B
  is on the y axis, so its x-coordinate is zero. So, the
coordinates of B are (0, b).

 
  15. 
 Therefore, the coordinates of E should
SOLUTION:  
be . has two congruent sides, so it is isosceles.
Here, NJ = JL. Point N is at origin, so its coordinates
are (0, 0). Point L is on the x-axis, so its y-coordinate
is 0. The coordinates of L are (3a, 0). Find the
coordinates of point J , that makes the triangle
isosceles. This point is half way between N and L, so
the x-coordinate is 1.5a. Let b be the y-coordinate of
J. So, the coordinates of J should be(1.5a, b).

Name the missing coordinate(s) of each

triangle.

16. 
SOLUTION:  
13.  has two congruent sides, so it is isosceles.
SOLUTION:   Point M is at origin, so its coordinates are (0, 0). So,
MB = MH = 4a. Point B is on the y-axis, so its x-
has two congruent sides, so it is isosceles. coordinate is 0. Also this point makes the triangle
Here, ZY = CY. The point Y is on the x-axis, so its y- isosceles. So, its y-coordinate should be 4a. The
coordinate is 0. The coordinates of Y are (a, 0). So, coordinates of B are (0, 4a).
ZY = CY = a. The point C lies on the line x =a. So, its
x-coordinate is a. It lies a units above the x-axis
since CY = a. So, its y-coordinate is a. Hence C is
(a, a).  

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 5

17. 
 Point M is at origin, so its coordinates are (0, 0). So, on the x-axis, so its y-coordinate is zero. The
MB = MH = 4a. Point B is on the y-axis, so its x- coordinates of point J are (6a, 0).Point H is on the y
coordinate is 0. Also this point makes the triangle axis, so its x-coordinate is zero. We cannot write the
4-8 Triangles anditsCoordinate
isosceles. So, y-coordinateProof
should be 4a. The y-coordinate of H in terms of a, so call it as b. So,
coordinates of B are (0, 4a). the coordinates of H are (0, b).

CCSS ARGUMENTS  Write a coordinate proof 
for each statement.
19. The segments joining the base vertices to the
midpoints of the legs of an isosceles triangle are
congruent.
SOLUTION:  
17.   
  Draw isosceles triangle ABC on a coordinate plane,
SOLUTION:   find the midpoints R and S of the two legs, and show
that the segments connecting each midpoint with the
has two congruent sides, so it is isosceles. opposite vertex have the same length. Start by
Here, NH = HD. Point N is at origin, so its placing a vertex at the origin and label it A. Use
coordinates are (0, 0). Point D is on the x-axis, so its coordinates that are multiples of 2 because the
y-coordinate is 0. The coordinates of D are (4b, 0). Midpoint Formula involves dividing the sum of the
Find the x-coordinate of point H , that makes the coordinates by 2. So, place point B on the x-axis at
triangle isosceles. This point is half way between N (4a, 0). Since the triangle is isosceles, the x-
and D, so the x-coordinate of H should be . coordinate of point C is halfway between 0 and 4a or
2a. We cannot write the y-coordinate in terms of a,
Therefore, the coordinates of point H are
so call it 2b.
.  
Given: Isosceles  with 
R and S are midpoints of legs

18. 
SOLUTION:  
has two congruent sides, so it is isosceles. PH Prove:
= HJ and  bisects  , so OP = OJ = 6a. Point Proof:
P is on the left side of the y-axis and is on the x-axis,
so the coordinates of point P are (–6a, 0). Point J is The coordinates of S are  or (3a,
on the x-axis, so its y-coordinate is zero. The b).
coordinates of point J are (6a, 0).Point H is on the y
axis, so its x-coordinate is zero. We cannot write the The coordinates of R are  or (a, b).
y-coordinate of H in terms of a, so call it as b. So,
the coordinates of H are (0, b).

CCSS ARGUMENTS  Write a coordinate proof 
for each statement.
19. The segments joining the base vertices to the Since AS = BR,
midpoints of the legs of an isosceles triangle are
congruent. 20. The three segments joining the midpoints of the sides
of an isosceles triangle form another isosceles
SOLUTION:  
triangle.
 
Draw isosceles triangle ABC on a coordinate plane, SOLUTION:  
find the midpoints R and S of the two legs, and show Draw  isosceles triangle ABC on a coordinate plane,
that the segments connecting each midpoint with the find the midpoints R, S, T of the three sides, and
opposite vertex have the same length. Start by show that two of the three segments connecting the
placing
eSolutions a vertex
Manual at the
- Powered origin and label it A. Use
by Cognero midpoints have the same length. Start by placingPage a 6
coordinates that are multiples of 2 because the vertex at the origin and label it A.  Place point B on
Midpoint Formula involves dividing the sum of the the x-axis at (2a, 0). Since the triangle is isosceles,
 So,  RT = ST and . There is no need to find 
RS since these two sides already have equal
4-8 Triangles measures.
Since AS =and
BR,Coordinate Proof
Therefore, by definition  is isosceles.

20. The three segments joining the midpoints of the sides PROOF Write a coordinate proof for each
of an isosceles triangle form another isosceles statement.
triangle. 21. The measure of the segment that joins the vertex of
the right angle in a right triangle to the midpoint of the
SOLUTION:   hypotenuse is one-half the measure of the
Draw  isosceles triangle ABC on a coordinate plane, hypotenuse.
find the midpoints R, S, T of the three sides, and
show that two of the three segments connecting the SOLUTION:  
midpoints have the same length. Start by placing a Draw right triangle ABC on a coordinate plane, find
vertex at the origin and label it A.  Place point B on the midpoint P of the hypotenuse, and show that the
the x-axis at (2a, 0). Since the triangle is isosceles, length of the segment joining the midpoint and the
the x-coordinate of point C is halfway between 0 and vertex of the right angle is one-half the length of the
2a or a. We cannot write the y-coordinate in terms hypotenuse. Start by placing a vertex at the origin
of a, so call it b. and label it A. Use coordinates that are multiples of 2
Given: Isosceles triangle ABC; because the Midpoint Formula involves dividing the
R, S, and T are midpoints of their respective sides. sum of the coordinates by 2. Place point C on the x-
axis at (2c, 0). Since the triangle is right, place point
B on the y-axis at (0, 2b).
 
Given: Right  with right  ; P is the
midpoint of

Prove:  is isosceles.
Proof:

Midpoint R is

Midpoint S is Prove: AP =
Proof:
Midpoint T is
Midpoint P is  or (c, b).

AP =  
BC =

So,  RT = ST and . There is no need to find 

RS since these two sides already have equal
So, AP =
measures.
Therefore, by definition  is isosceles.

PROOF Write a coordinate proof for each 22. If a line segment joins the midpoints of two sides of a
statement. triangle, then its length is equal to one half the length
21. The measure of the segment that joins the vertex of of the third side.
the right angle in a right triangle to the midpoint of the SOLUTION:  
hypotenuse is one-half the measure of the Draw general triangle ABC on a coordinate plane
hypotenuse. with one side on the x-axis, find the midpoints S and
SOLUTION:   T of the two diagonal sides, and show that the
Draw right triangle ABC on a coordinate plane, find segment connecting the midpoints has a length that is
the midpoint P of the hypotenuse, and show that the one-half the length of the side of the triangle on the
length of the segment x-axis. Start by placing a vertex at the origin and
eSolutions Manual - Powered by joining
Cognero the midpoint and the Page 7
vertex of the right angle is one-half the length of the label it A. Place point B on the x-axis at (a, 0). Place
hypotenuse. Start by placing a vertex at the origin point C in quadrant I with coordinates (b, c). 
and label it A. Use coordinates that are multiples of 2  
  or a
So, AP = and Coordinate Proof
4-8 Triangles

22. If a line segment joins the midpoints of two sides of a 23. RESEARCH TRIANGLE The cities of Raleigh,
triangle, then its length is equal to one half the length Durham, and Chapel Hill, North Carolina, form what
of the third side. is known as the Research Triangle. The approximate
latitude and longitude of Raleigh are 35.82°N 78.64°
SOLUTION:  
W, of Durham are 35.99°N 78.91°W, and of Chapel 
Draw general triangle ABC on a coordinate plane Hill are 35.92°N 79.04°W. Show that the triangle 
with one side on the x-axis, find the midpoints S and formed by these three cities is scalene.
T of the two diagonal sides, and show that the
segment connecting the midpoints has a length that is SOLUTION:  
one-half the length of the side of the triangle on the The first step is to label the coordinates of each
x-axis. Start by placing a vertex at the origin and location. Let R represent Raleigh, D represent
label it A. Place point B on the x-axis at (a, 0). Place Durham, and C represent Chapel Hill.
point C in quadrant I with coordinates (b, c). 
 
 
Given:
S is the midpoint of
T is the midpoint of

If no two sides of ΔCDR are congruent, then the

triangle formed by these three cities is scalene.
 

Prove:
Proof:
 
The coordinates of S are  or   . Since each side is a different length, ΔCDR is
scalene. Therefore, the Research Triangle is
scalene. 
The coordinates of T are or
  . 24. PARTY PLANNING Three friends live in houses
with backyards adjacent to a neighborhood bike path.
They decide to have a round-robin party using their
three homes, inviting their friends to start at one
house and then move to each of the other two. If one
 or a friend’s house is centered at the origin, then the
location of the other homes are (5, 12) and (13, 0).
Write a coordinate proof to prove that the triangle
formed by these three homes is isosceles.
23. RESEARCH TRIANGLE The cities of Raleigh, SOLUTION:  
Durham, and Chapel Hill, North Carolina, form what
Start by making a graph of the three homes on a
is known as the Research Triangle. The approximate
coordinate plane. Let F represent the first friend's
latitude and longitude of Raleigh are 35.82°N 78.64°
house , S represent the second friend's house, and T
W, of Durham are 35.99°N 78.91°W, and of Chapel 
represent the third friend's house.
Hill are 35.92°N 79.04°W. Show that the triangle 
formed by these three cities is scalene.
SOLUTION:  
The first step is to label the coordinates of each
location. Let R represent Raleigh, D represent
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 8
Durham, and C represent Chapel Hill.
  
  Since the distance between the house at (0, 0) and
Since each side is a different length, ΔCDR is the house at (13, 0) is the same as the distance
scalene. Therefore,
4-8 Triangles the Research
and Coordinate ProofTriangle is between the house at (0, 0) and the house at (5, 12),
scalene.  the triangle formed by the three homes is isosceles.

24. PARTY PLANNING Three friends live in houses Draw  and find the slope of each side of 

with backyards adjacent to a neighborhood bike path. the triangle. Determine whether the triangle is
They decide to have a round-robin party using their a right triangle. Explain
three homes, inviting their friends to start at one 25. X(0, 0), Y(2h, 2h), Z(4h, 0)
house and then move to each of the other two. If one
friend’s house is centered at the origin, then the SOLUTION:  
location of the other homes are (5, 12) and (13, 0). First, place ΔXYZ on a coordinate plane. Then use
Write a coordinate proof to prove that the triangle the slope formula to find the slope of each side.
formed by these three homes is isosceles.
SOLUTION:  
Start by making a graph of the three homes on a
coordinate plane. Let F represent the first friend's
house , S represent the second friend's house, and T
represent the third friend's house.

   
If any two sides of ΔFST are congruent, then the
Since 1(–1) =  –1, .   Therefore,   is 
triangle is isosceles. Use the distance formula and a a right triangle.
calculator to find the distance between each pair of
houses.
26. X(0, 0), Y(1, h), Z(2h, 0)
 
SOLUTION:  
First, place on a coordinate plane. Then use
the slope formula to find the slope of each side.

 
Since the distance between the house at (0, 0) and
the house at (13, 0) is the same as the distance
between the house at (0, 0) and the house at (5, 12),
the triangle formed by the three homes is isosceles.

Draw  and find the slope of each side of 
the triangle. Determine whether the triangle is
a right triangle. Explain
25. X(0, 0), Y(2h, 2h), Z(4h, 0)  
SOLUTION:  
First, place ΔXYZ on a coordinate plane. Then use
the slope formula to find the slope of each side.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 9

 
Since no two of the slopes have a product of –1,
    
Since no two of the slopes have a product of –1,
Since 1(–1) =  –1, .   Therefore,   is 
4-8 Triangles and Coordinate Proof none of the sides are perpendicular.  Therefore, 
a right triangle.
 is not a right triangle.

26. X(0, 0), Y(1, h), Z(2h, 0) 27. CAMPING Two families set up tents at a state
park. If the ranger’s station is located at (0, 0), and
SOLUTION:  
the locations of the tents are (0, 25) and (12, 9), write
First, place on a coordinate plane. Then use a coordinate proof to prove that the figure formed by
the slope formula to find the slope of each side. the locations of the ranger’s station and the two tents
is a right triangle.
SOLUTION:  
First graph the points. 

To determine whether the triangle is a right triangle,

  find the slope of the line through (0, 0) to (12, 9)
Since no two of the slopes have a product of –1, and compare it to the slope of the line through (12,
none of the sides are perpendicular.  Therefore,  9), and (0, 25.
 is not a right triangle. The slope between the tents is  The slope 
27. CAMPING Two families set up tents at a state between the ranger’s station and the tent located at
park. If the ranger’s station is located at (0, 0), and
the locations of the tents are (0, 25) and (12, 9), write (12, 9) is  Since   the triangle formed 
a coordinate proof to prove that the figure formed by by the tents and ranger’s station is a right triangle.
the locations of the ranger’s station and the two tents
is a right triangle. 28. PROOF Write a coordinate proof to prove that
SOLUTION:    is an isosceles triangle if the vertices are A(0,
First graph the points.  0), B(a, b), and C(2a, 0).
SOLUTION:  
The first step is to place the triangle on a coordinate
plane.Use the distance formula to find the lengths of
the sides. If any two sides are congruent, then the
triangle is isosceles.
 
Given: vertices A(0, 0), B(a, b), and C(2a, 0)

To determine whether the triangle is a right triangle,

find the slope of the line through (0, 0) to (12, 9) Prove:  is isosceles.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
and compare it to the slope of the line through (12, Proof: Page 10

9), and (0, 25.

 b. Write a coordinate proof to prove that the dock,
between the ranger’s station and the tent located at the first vehicle, and the second vehicle form an
isosceles right triangle.
(12, 9) is  Since   the triangle formed  c. Find the coordinates of the locations of all three
4-8 Triangles and Coordinate Proof
by the tents and ranger’s station is a right triangle. watercrafts. Explain your reasoning.
d. Write a coordinate proof to prove that the
28. PROOF Write a coordinate proof to prove that positions of all three watercrafts are approximately
 is an isosceles triangle if the vertices are A(0, collinear and that the third watercraft is at the
0), B(a, b), and C(2a, 0). midpoint between the other two.

SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
The first step is to place the triangle on a coordinate a.
plane.Use the distance formula to find the lengths of
the sides. If any two sides are congruent, then the
triangle is isosceles.
 
Given: vertices A(0, 0), B(a, b), and C(2a, 0)

The equation of the line along which the first vehicle

lies is y = x. The slope is 1 because the vehicle
travels the same number of units north as it does east
Prove:  is isosceles.
of the origin and the y-intercept is 0. The equation of
Proof:
the line along which the second vehicle lies is y = –x.
The slope is –1 because the vehicle travels the same
number of units north as it does west of the origin
and the y-intercept is 0.
 
Since, AB = BC,  So,   is isosceles. b. The paths taken by both the first and second
vehicles are 300 yards long. Therefore the paths are
29. WATER SPORTS Three personal watercraft
congruent. If two sides of a triangle are congruent,
vehicles launch from the same dock. The first vehicle
then the triangle is isosceles. Since the slopes of the
leaves the dock traveling due northeast, while the
paths are negative reciprocals, they are perpendicular
second vehicle travels due northwest. Meanwhile,
and the isosceles triangle is a right triangle.
the third vehicle leaves the dock traveling due north.
 
c. The paths taken by the first two vehicles form the
hypotenuse of a right triangle. From the graph, the
paths of each boat form isosceles right triangles each
with a hypotenuse of 300. Use the Pythagorean
theorem to find the legs of these triangles.
 
The first and second vehicles stop about 300 yards
from the dock, while the third stops about 212 yards
from the dock.
a. If the dock is located at (0, 0), sketch a graph to
represent this situation. What is the equation of the
line along which the first vehicle lies? What is the
equation of the line along which the second vehicle
lies? Explain your reasoning.  
b. Write a coordinate proof to prove that the dock,
First vehicle,  second vehicle, 
the first vehicle, and the second vehicle form an
isosceles right triangle. . The third vehicle travels due
c. Find the coordinates of the locations of all three north and therefore, remains on the y-axis. The third
watercrafts. Explain your reasoning. vehicle is at (0, 212).
d. Write a coordinate proof to prove that the  
positions
eSolutions Manualof all threebywatercrafts
- Powered Cognero are approximately d. The y-coordinates of the first two vehicles are
Page 11
collinear and that the third watercraft is at the  ≈ 212.13, while the y-coordinate of the third
midpoint between the other two. vehicle is 212. Since all three vehicles have
 approximately the same y-coordinate, they are
First vehicle,  second vehicle,  approximately collinear. The midpoint of the first and
. The third vehicle travels due
second vehicle is  or (0,
north and therefore,
4-8 Triangles remainsProof
and Coordinate on the y-axis. The third
vehicle is at (0, 212). 212), the location of the third vehicle.
 
d. The y-coordinates of the first two vehicles are 30. REASONING The midpoints of the sides of a
 ≈ 212.13, while the y-coordinate of the third triangle are located at (a, 0), (2a, b) and (a, b). If
vehicle is 212. Since all three vehicles have one vertex is located at the origin, what are the
approximately the same y-coordinate, they are coordinates of the other vertices? Explain your
approximately collinear. The midpoint of the first and reasoning.
second vehicle is  or (0, SOLUTION:  
Let A, B, and C represent the vertices of the triangle
212), the location of the third vehicle. with A positioned at the origin. Let (a, 0) be the
midpoint of , (2a, b) be the midpoint of , and
30. REASONING The midpoints of the sides of a
(a, b) be the midpoint of . Use the midpoint
triangle are located at (a, 0), (2a, b) and (a, b). If
formula to determine the coordinates of B and C.
one vertex is located at the origin, what are the
coordinates of the other vertices? Explain your
reasoning.
SOLUTION:  
Let A, B, and C represent the vertices of the triangle
with A positioned at the origin. Let (a, 0) be the
midpoint of , (2a, b) be the midpoint of , and
(a, b) be the midpoint of . Use the midpoint
formula to determine the coordinates of B and C.

 
So, the coordinates of point B are (2a, 0).

 
 
So, the coordinates of point C are (2a, 2b).
Check by finding the midpoint of .
 
So, the coordinates of point B are (2a, 0).

 
Therefore, the coordinates of the other two vertices
are (2a, 0) and (2a, 2b).
 
 
So, the coordinates of point C are (2a, 2b).
Check by finding the midpoint of . CHALLENGE Find the coordinates of point L
so  is the indicated type of triangle. Point 
J has coordinates (0, 0) and point K has
coordinates (2a, 2b).
  31. scalene triangle
Therefore,
eSolutions Manual - the coordinates
Powered of
by Cognero the other two vertices SOLUTION:  
Page 12
are (2a, 0) and (2a, 2b).
Sample answer: Choose a point on the x- or y-axis
  with coordinates in terms of a or b, such that no two
  
 
Since none of the sides have equal lengths, the
Therefore, the coordinates of the other two vertices
triangle is scalene. Therefore, the coordinates of
are (2a, 0)and
4-8 Triangles andCoordinate
(2a, 2b). Proof
point L could be (a, 0).
 

CHALLENGE Find the coordinates of point L 32. right triangle

so  is the indicated type of triangle. Point 
SOLUTION:  
J has coordinates (0, 0) and point K has
Sample answer: Draw a vertical (or horizontal
coordinates (2a, 2b).
segment) from point K to the x-axis (or y-axis) to
31. scalene triangle
find a point L that would make ΔJKL a right triangle.
SOLUTION:   The vertical segment from K would intersect the x-
Sample answer: Choose a point on the x- or y-axis axis at (2a, 0). Use the slopes of the sides to verify 
with coordinates in terms of a or b, such that no two that ΔJKL is a right triangle.
sides of the triangle will be congruent. Since point J
has coordinates (0, 0) and point K has coordinates
(2a, 2b),  let point L have coordinates (a, 0). Use the
distance formula to check that no two sides have the
same length.

 
 
Since the slopes are undefined and 0,
and ΔJKL a right triangle. The horizontal segment
would intersect the y-axis at (0, 2b).
The slopes will again confirm that , so this
  point would also make ΔJKL a right triangle.
Since none of the sides have equal lengths, the Thus, the coordinates of L could be either (2a, 0) or
triangle is scalene. Therefore, the coordinates of (0, 2b).
point L could be (a, 0).
33. isosceles triangle
32. right triangle SOLUTION:  
SOLUTION:   Sample answer: Since ΔJKL is to be isosceles,
choose a point for L that is on the x-axis such that
Sample answer: Draw a vertical (or horizontal
segment) from point K to the x-axis (or y-axis) to JK = KL. The y -coordinate of point L will be 0.The
find a point L that would make ΔJKL a right triangle. x-coordinate of K must be halfway between 0 and
The vertical segment from K would intersect the x- the x-coordinate for L because the triangle is
axis at (2a, 0). Use the slopes of the sides to verify  isosceles. Since the x-coordinate for K is 2a, the x-
that ΔJKL is a right triangle. coordinate for L must be 4a. So, place L at (4a, 0).
 Use the distance formula to verify that  .
 

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 13

 would intersect the y-axis at (0, 2b).  
The slopes will again confirm that , so this  
point would also make ΔJKL a right triangle. Since JK = KL, and is isosceles.
Thus, the coordinates
4-8 Triangles of L could
and Coordinate Proof be either (2a, 0) or Therefore, the coordinates of point L could be (4a,
(0, 2b). 0).

33. isosceles triangle 34. OPEN ENDED Draw an isosceles right triangle on

the coordinate plane so that the midpoint of its
SOLUTION:  
hypotenuse is the origin. Label the coordinates of
Sample answer: Since ΔJKL is to be isosceles, each vertex.
choose a point for L that is on the x-axis such that
JK = KL. The y -coordinate of point L will be 0.The SOLUTION:  
x-coordinate of K must be halfway between 0 and Sample answer: If (0, 0) is the midpoint  and 
the x-coordinate for L because the triangle is and  are the endpoint of the hypotenuse,
isosceles. Since the x-coordinate for K is 2a, the x- then (0, 0) = . For this to be a
coordinate for L must be 4a. So, place L at (4a, 0).
true statement,  and  . This
 Use the distance formula to verify that  . means the x- and y-coordinates of the endpoints will
  have opposite signs. If the two legs of the right
triangle are constructed so that one is vertical and the
other is horizontal, the length of the horizontal
segment will be a – (–a) or 2a and the length of the
vertical segment will be b – (–b) or 2b. Since the
triangle is isosceles, 2a = 2b or a = b. So, the x- and
y-coordinates of the endpoints must have the same
absolute values. Start by choosing endpoints for the
hypotenuse that use the same number for the x- and
y-values but have opposite signs in either endpoints,
say (–5, 5) and (5, –5). The third point will be where
the vertical and horizontal segments from the
  endpoints would intersect, say at (5, 5). (This could
  also be at (–5, –5) for this pair of endpoints.)
 

 
 
Since JK = KL, and is isosceles.
Therefore, the coordinates of point L could be (4a,
0).

34. OPEN ENDED Draw an isosceles right triangle on

35. CHALLENGE Use a coordinate proof to show that
the coordinate plane so that the midpoint of its
if you add n units to each x-coordinate of the vertices
hypotenuse is the origin. Label the coordinates of
of a triangle and m to each y-coordinate, the resulting
each vertex.
figure is congruent to the original triangle.
SOLUTION:  
SOLUTION:  
Sample answer: If (0, 0) is the midpoint  and 
Given: with coordinates A(0, 0), B(a, b), and
and  are the endpoint of the hypotenuse,
C(c, d) and  with coordinates D(0 + n, 0 +
then (0, 0) = . For this to be a m), E(a + n, b + m), and F(c + n, d + m).
true statement,  and  . This  
means the x- and y-coordinates of the endpoints will Prove:
have opposite signs. If the two legs of the right Proof:
triangle are constructed so that one is vertical and the Use the Distance Formula,
other is horizontal, the length of the horizontal
.
segment
eSolutions will
Manual be a –by(–a)
- Powered or 2a and the length of the
Cognero Page 14
vertical segment will be b – (–b) or 2b. Since the or
triangle is isosceles, 2a = 2b or a = b. So, the x- and
 or 
  
4-8 Triangles and Coordinate Proof Since CA = FD, .
Therefore,  by the SSS Postulate.

35. CHALLENGE Use a coordinate proof to show that 36. CCSS REASONING A triangle has vertex
if you add n units to each x-coordinate of the vertices coordinates (0, 0) and (a, 0). If the coordinates of the
of a triangle and m to each y-coordinate, the resulting third vertex are in terms of a, and the triangle is
figure is congruent to the original triangle. isosceles, identify the coordinates and position the
triangle on the coordinate plane.
SOLUTION:  
Given: with coordinates A(0, 0), B(a, b), and SOLUTION:  
C(c, d) and  with coordinates D(0 + n, 0 + Sample answer: Since two vertices of the triangle
m), E(a + n, b + m), and F(c + n, d + m). are (0, 0) and (a, 0), one side of the triangle is on
  the x-axis and has a length of a. To create an
Prove: isosceles triangle, choose the point (0, a) on the y -
Proof: axis such that a second side of the triangle will also
Use the Distance Formula, have a length of a. Connect (a, 0) and (0, a) to form
the third side an isosceles right triangle. Therefore, a
.
third vertex in terms of a that would make the
or triangle isosceles could be (0, a).
 or 

 
Since AB = DE, .
or

 or 
37. WRITING IN MATH Explain why following each
  guideline below for placing a triangle on the
coordinate plane is helpful in proving coordinate
Since BC = EF, .
proofs.
or a. Use the origin as a vertex of the triangle.
 or  b. Place at least one side of the triangle on the x- or
y-axis.
c. Keep the triangle within the first quadrant if
  possible.
Since CA = FD, .
SOLUTION:  
Therefore,  by the SSS Postulate.
a. Using the origin as a vertex of the triangle makes
36. CCSS REASONING A triangle has vertex calculations easier because the coordinates are (0,
coordinates (0, 0) and (a, 0). If the coordinates of the 0).
third vertex are in terms of a, and the triangle is b. Placing at least one side of the triangle on the x-
isosceles, identify the coordinates and position the or y-axis makes it easier to calculate the length of the
triangle on the coordinate plane. side since one of the coordinates will be 0.
c. Keeping a triangle within the first quadrant makes
SOLUTION:   all of the coordinates positive, and makes the
Sample answer: Since two vertices of the triangle calculations easier.
are (0, 0) and (a, 0), one side of the triangle is on
the x-axis and has a length of a. To create an 38. GRIDDED RESPONSE In the figure below, m∠B
isosceles triangle, choose the point (0, a) on the y - = 76. The measure of ∠A is half the measure of ∠B.
axis such that a second side of the triangle will also What is m∠C?
have a length of a. Connect (a, 0) and (0, a) to form
the third
eSolutions side
Manual an isosceles
- Powered right
by Cognerotriangle. Therefore, a Page 15
third vertex in terms of a that would make the
triangle isosceles could be (0, a).
 or y-axis makes it easier to calculate the length of the
side since one of the coordinates will be 0.
c. Keeping a triangle within the first quadrant makes Divide each side by –8.
all of the coordinates
4-8 Triangles positive,
and Coordinate and makes the
Proof
calculations easier. So, the correct choice is D.

38. GRIDDED RESPONSE In the figure below, m∠B 40. What are the coordinates of point R in the triangle?
= 76. The measure of ∠A is half the measure of ∠B.
What is m∠C?

SOLUTION:   G

Here,  and  . H
So, .
By the Triangle Angle-Sum Theorem, J

Substitute. SOLUTION:  
The given triangle has two congruent sides, RQ and
RP, so it is isosceles. is isosceles, so the x-
coordinate of R is located half way between 0 and 2a
or a. We cannot write the y-coordinate in terms of a,
39. ALGEBRA What is the x-coordinate of the solution so call it as b. The coordinates of point R are (a, b).
to the system of equations shown below? The correct choice is G.
5 2 5 3
41. SAT/ACT For all x, 17x + 3x + 2 – (–4x + 3x –
2) =
A –6
A 13x5 + 3x3 + 3x2
B –3 5 2
C  3 B 13x + 6x + 4
D  6 C 21x5 – 3x3 + 3x2 + 4
5 2 3
SOLUTION:   D 21x + 3x + 3x
Multiply the first equation by 2 and the second E 21x5 + 3x2 + 3x2 + 4
equation by 3 and add the resulting equations.
SOLUTION:  

Divide each side by –8. The correct choice is C.

Identify the type of congruence transformation

So, the correct choice is D.
shown as a reflection, translation, or rotation.
40. What are the coordinates of point R in the triangle?

42. 
F SOLUTION:  
The image in green can be found by translating the
G blue figure to the right and down or by rotating the
figure 180 degrees. Each point of the figure and its
H
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero image are in the same position, just 5 units rightPage
and 16
about 4 units down. This is a translation. Each point
J of the figure and its image are the same distance
 SOLUTION:   position, just 5 units down this is a translation. This
is a rotation because each vertex and its image are
the same distance from the origin and the angles
4-8 Triangles and Coordinate Proof formed by each pair of corresponding points and the
The correct choice is C. origin are congruent. 

Identify the type of congruence transformation

shown as a reflection, translation, or rotation.

44. 

42.  SOLUTION:  
The image in green can be found by rotating the
SOLUTION:   figure 90 degrees clockwise. This is a rotation
The image in green can be found by translating the because each vertex and its image are the same
blue figure to the right and down or by rotating the distance from the origin and the angles formed by
figure 180 degrees. Each point of the figure and its each pair of corresponding points and the origin are
image are in the same position, just 5 units right and congruent. 
about 4 units down. This is a translation. Each point
of the figure and its image are the same distance Refer to the figure.
from (–0.5, 0). The angles formed by each pair of
corresponding points and this point are congruent.
This is a rotation.
  45. Name two congruent angles.
SOLUTION:  

46. Name two congruent segments.

43.  SOLUTION:  
SOLUTION:  
The image in green can be found by translating the
blue figure down, by reflecting the figure in the x-
axis, or by rotating the figure 180 degrees in either 47. Name a pair of congruent triangles.
direction. Since each vertex and its image are the
same distance from the x-axis, this is a reflection. SOLUTION:  
Since each vertex and its image are in the same
position, just 5 units down this is a translation. This
is a rotation because each vertex and its image are 48. RAMPS The Americans with Disabilities Act
the same distance from the origin and the angles requires that wheelchair ramps have at least a 12-
formed by each pair of corresponding points and the inch run for each rise of 1 inch.
origin are congruent.  a. Determine the slope represented by this
requirement.
b. The maximum length that the law allows for a
ramp is 30 feet. How many inches tall is the highest
point of this ramp?
SOLUTION:  
a. We know that
44. 
.
SOLUTION:  
The image in green can be found by rotating the Substitute.
figure
eSolutions 90 degrees
Manual clockwise.
- Powered by Cognero
This is a rotation Page 17
because each vertex and its image are the same
distance from the origin and the angles formed by b. We know that 1 ft = 12 in.
each pair of corresponding points and the origin are
 47. Name a pair of congruent triangles.
SOLUTION:  
4-8 Triangles and Coordinate Proof

48. RAMPS The Americans with Disabilities Act 51. J(–2, 6) and K(1, 4)

requires that wheelchair ramps have at least a 12-
SOLUTION:  
inch run for each rise of 1 inch.
a. Determine the slope represented by this Use the distance formula to find JK.
requirement.
b. The maximum length that the law allows for a
ramp is 30 feet. How many inches tall is the highest
point of this ramp?
SOLUTION:  
a. We know that
.
Substitute.

b. We know that 1 ft = 12 in.

Here, the length of 12 inch ramp has 1 inch height,
that is, the length of 1 feet ramp has 1 inch height.
Therefore, the maximum height of 30 feet ramp is 30
inches.

Find the distance between each pair of points.

Round to the nearest tenth.
49. X(5, 4) and Y(2, 1)
SOLUTION:  
Use the distance formula to find XY.

50. A(1, 5) and B(–2, –3)

SOLUTION:  
Use the distance formula to find AB.

51. J(–2, 6) and K(1, 4)

SOLUTION:  
Use the distance formula to find JK.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 18