RLJDMC Dav Public School, Raniganj

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RLJDMC DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL, RANIGANJ

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Dear students, you know we all are going through a very tough time. We are
in a battlefield against lethal corona virus without any weapon. But at the
same time we can not stop our teaching learning process.
Before starting with the first chapter let us know our chemistry syllabus.
➢ The chapters are as followed :
➢ Chemical Reactions and Equations
➢ Acids, Bases and Salts
➢ Metals and Non-metals
➢ Carbon and its Compounds
➢ Periodic Classification of Elements
We are going to start with the first chapter i. e. Chemical Reactions and
Equations
Chemical Reactions and Equations

Day 1
Date : 02-04-2020
Introduction : Lots of changes are always going on in our environment. .All the changes
surrounding us are broadly classified into two types –
➢ (i) Physical changes
➢ (ii) Chemical changes.
Physical changes : Changes in colour or states but no new substances are formed i. e.
the identity of the substance remains same.
✓ Examples : Ice melting to water or water boiling to steam are physical changes
as there is no structural change in the substance.
Chemical changes : Any process that involves the rearrangement of structure of the
substance or conversion of reactants into products is defined as Chemical Reaction.
✓ Examples : When copper sulphate reacts with iron two new substances i. e.
ferrous sulphate and copper are formed. So, this is a chemical change.
Characteristics of Chemical changes : Common observations in a chemical
reaction –
➢ Change of state of substance.
➢ Change in colour of substance.
➢ Evolution of gas.
➢ Change in temperature
➢ Formation of precipitation
Change of state :
Some chemical reactions are characterised by change in state.
Ex:when wax(solid) is burned ,then water(liquid) and carbon dioxide(gas) are formed.
Change in colour :
Some chemical reactions are characterised by change in colour
Ex:1)When citric acid reacts with potassium permanganate (purple) then purple colour
disappears.
2)When sulphur dioxide gas reacts with acidified potassium dichromate,change in colour
from orange to yellow is observed.
Evolution of gas :
on the left hand side only one iron atom is present, while three iron atoms are present on the
right hand side. Therefore, it is an unbalanced chemical equation. chemical reactions are
characterised by the evolution of gas.
Ex:1)Reaction between zinc and dilute sulphuric acid to form hydrogen gas.
2)Reaction between sodium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid to form carbon
dioxide gas.
Change in temperature :
Those reactions in which heat is produced or evolved are called exothermic reactions.
Ex: Reaction between zinc granules with dilute sulphuric acid.
Those reactions in which heat is absorbed are called as endothermic reactions.
Reaction between barium hydroxide and ammonium chloride to form barium

chloride,ammonia and water.
Formation of precipitate :
Some chemical reactions are characterised by the formation of precipitate.
Ex:1)Reaction between Potassium iodide and lead nitrate to form yellow precipitate of lead
iodide.
2)Reaction between sulphuric acid and barium chloride to form white precipitate of barium
sulphate.
Chemical equation : The symbolic representation of chemical reaction using symbols
and formulae is known as Chemical Equation. For this, reactants are written in left hand side
whereas products are written on the right.
In this equation, A and B are called reactants and C and D are called products. Arrow shows
the direction of chemical reaction. Condition, if any, is written generally above the arrow.
Reactants : Substances which take part in a chemical reaction are called reactants.
Products : New substance formed after a chemical reaction is called products.
Skeletal chemical equation: A chemical equation which simply represents the
symbols and formulas of reactants and products taking part in the reaction is known as skeletal
chemical equation for a reaction.
For example: For the burning of Magnesium in the air, Mg + O2 → MgO is the skeletal
equation.
Balanced and unbalanced chemical equations :
Balanced Chemical Equation - A balanced chemical equation has number of atoms of each
element equal on both sides.
Example :
In this equation, numbers of atoms of zinc, hydrogen and sulphate are equal on both sides, so
it is a balanced chemical equation.
According to Law of Conservation of Mass, mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a
chemical reaction. To obey this law, the total mass of elements present in reactants must be
equal to the total mass of elements present in products or we can say that initial number of
atoms of an element should be equal to final number of atoms.
Unbalanced Chemical Equation - If the number of atoms of each element in reactants is not
equal to the number of atoms of each element present in product, then the chemical equation
is called unbalanced chemical equation.
Example:
In this example number of atoms of elements are not equal on two sides of the reaction. For
example, on the left hand side only one iron atom is present, while three iron atoms are present
on the right hand side. Therefore, it is an unbalanced chemical equation.
Brain storming session :

1. What are chemical changes.
2. Write four observations for chemical reactions.
3. What is a balanced chemical equation? Give example.
4. Give examples of two physical changes.
5. What is reactants?
So, students today we have learned about chemical changes and their properties,
chemical equation, balanced and unbalanced chemical equations. In our next class we will
discuss about balancing an equation and advantages of writing balanced equations.
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RLJDMC DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL, RANIGANJ

Chemical Reactions and Equations

Reaction between barium hydroxide and ammonium chloride to form barium

Brain storming session :

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