Running head: PROJECT MANAGEMENT 1

Project Management

Student’s Name

University/College Affiliate
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 2

Project Management
Introduction
Project management involves the coordination of activities, panning, and ensuring proper

application of resources and utilization of time to achieve the goals of an organization.

Management of the project includes the practice of initiating the plans of controlling the work of

the team to recognize a specific success task as specified time. Additionally, the final activity of

project management is to produce deliverables. The constraints of project management are part

of goal management within a given time to close a particular task. The learners and the students

form various global institutions that study assists them to undergo a project management course.

At the end of the course, all the learners should be able to coordinate activities and career focus

on their paths to develop abilities to support all the industries as experts of projects (Turner,

2014). Therefore, this case study will evaluate the actualization of the skills of scheduling, cost

control, and competency risk management. Critical thinking is an asset of project management

that entails sound communication with pure negotiation to make a higher profit. Project

managers analyze the organizational conditions of the project management environment to

initiate a plan. This aspect should create positive support and aim at contributing to raising

profitability through model designing to enhance the overall execution of deliverables.

The concept of project management requires feasibility, model design, task execution,

and close-out of work. The project involves all these phases as first set up to challenge the

project management constraints. This planning is achievable through all project goals within the

given restrictions of time. Management of project entails limitations, and one of the significant

obstacles in project management is Project Environment sensitivity. Launching a project requires

a comprehensive evaluation of the environment not only to formulate a project plan but also

forecast the critical issue through data analysis to understand the potential positivity of the
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 3

anticipated outcomes (Turner, 2014). The project environment connects a project to a thriving

destination of delivering the goals and objectives.

It is one of the earliest steps in the planning of the project as part of this process. By

gathering information about the organization's operating environment, such as market, economy,

Social, Culture, Technology, and legislative & regulatory, the climate is also an essential part of

project management. Studying the project environment involves the awareness of the team and

the entire stakeholders to sensitize the actualization of project management (Hill, 2003). The

project should rectify the environment to the project to ensure proper conditions of working and

prospect for the potential risks that may deter with the project plan of accomplishment (Getzoff,

2019). The concept of the feasibility study in a project identifies and integrates the project

stakeholders into the project track to upgrade the actual activities. The impacts of environmental

analyses in this analysis evaluate risks to the stakeholders and trigger their interests to measures

the intensity for control (Silvius et al., 2014) . The stakeholder type is analyzed and

distinguished between active and passive types. The first part represents the project

team and project manager, with principals and customers. The second group contains authorities,

works council, competitors, and persons affected by the project indirectly, and

it influences the planning.

Structuring Project Planning

Planning of the project is essential for the managers to escalate the influenced of the

environment based on the Gantt chart that exposes progress with reports of the task milestones.

This tool for the project environment assesses potential project outcomes before implementation

through comparing the project objectives and risks aversion plan deviations schedules.

Consequently, the control of the project tasks is the role of the manager with flexible goal-
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 4

oriented customization. Additionally, the managers of the project should have correction

processes in case of wrong performance. Project planning requires a concept to determine the

project frameworks and expose the methodology to unearth the best project tools and resources.

Secondly, to determine the duration of each task or activity of a particular milestone, Gantt

charts list the jobs from the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). The logical dependencies

between activities will be defined, and graphically present a critical path that identifies the actual

necessities of the project (Getzoff, 2019). The WBS determines the cost of the project. Funding

for the project requires more sophisticated financial analysis to estimate the real value of the

entire project.

Financial and economic environment challenges deter projects and affecting project

planning. According to Funmilayo (2002), whose study clarified that economic environment

forces are distinguished from economic ones on the basis that economics is to do with the

deployment of resources, whereas financial limitations are strictly to do with money. Project

Manager is the fundamental unit of project oversight in the project management environment.

The project office is created (Hill, 2003) as a domain of the project manager, who is responsible

for the successful performance of one or more projects. It provides the capability to ensure

professionalism and excellence in applying widely accepted principles and preferred project

management practices to each project effort.

PESTEL is a case study that exemplarily explains the actual project management that

considered as environmental factor detection during the construction of Qatar FIFA World cup

2022 stadium. The political factors determined the environment of the football field, and the

conclusion of the match's schedule required particular analysis to understand the needs of the

stakeholder and favor the environmental influence. The set of the time of the projects depends on
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 5

the Gantt presentation and workforce as placed by the government policies that may also affect

the project as a whole. Moreover, a plan averse the potential risks by attending to the government

schedule that forces the order of the increased quality of the project (Getzoff, 2019). The

challenges of the government project are of political interest.

Qatar has appointed ministry that is in charge of managing the stadium constructions had

adopted the sustainable method in design and development of stadiums for re-utilisation of built-

up assets (such as seats and building materials) with a program for shifting to third world

countries from the stadium after completion of Tournament considering the population strength

of the country for future tournament matches. One of the stadiums constructed with a high level

of sustainability with the shipping containers as building materials, which will be dismantled

after completion of the Tournament. Environmental factors are considered in the stadium

construction and built according to local and international green building guidelines adopting

sustainable technology (Getzoff, 2019). Legal challenges are expected locally as all the projects

are having the backing of the government, and international legal issues like working and living

environment of blue-collar workers are managed through continual monitoring through labor

welfare committees.

Based on the PESTEL analysis for external environmental factors, SWOT analysis

develops a mandatory significant evaluation that strengthens, and exposes weaknesses, creates

opportunities, and shows the possible threats of a project as the most recognized strategic

planning. This tool is used for specifying the objective of the project, identifying the internal, and

the external factors that are favorable or unfavorable when determining the achievement of the

objective. According to the economic view, the consideration major of the strength of the Qatar

annual budget may include surplus cost for the project. The procedures of the major production
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 6

of the deliverables of the project in the field of the construction, economic are considered to be a

major strength of building a crucial budget for the cornerstones of Qatar's economy (Getzoff,

2019). More than 50 of the GDP comes from the project management tax due to the construction

levels of technology, oil, and gas. The two sources of an export boost the economy through GDP

per capita in Arab countries.

Budget and funding for the stadium infrastructure will develop this project under normal

conditions and as a significant challenge due to Qatar's strength of economy with high for oil &

gas for energy production. Qatar is planning to have an appropriate environment for world cup

services during the 2022 host of this world project. Moreover, the context of this project

management requires a high level of skills to ensure expertise through topmost consultants.

Architect work is one of the professional application tools that world secure is eyeing to pick and

provide a safe environment for the world cup project. This country is also having the world's

renowned Design, Project management, and construction companies located locally with the

skilled multinational team for successful completion of the projects. Qatar is a country that has

developed processes of financial models of the systems that promote the real economic stimulus

within the neighboring nations in Sports and Research without affecting Arabian and Islamic

values. These developed systems and processes to further nurture the country's infrastructure

with world-class projects. Qatar is having a reputation for being the most modern country in the

region with plans for the construction of educational and recreational facilities, and it is

considered as one of the safest countries to visit and work (Getzoff, 2019). Therefore, the project

should ensure the environment does not affect any other going projects risk and effectively

should increase the benefits.

 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 7

On the other side, Qatar'sQatar's major weakness is the limitation of skills and knowledge

that reduces the expertise by the local team and highly depending on the external workforce from

other countries for design and project management. Critical projects related to major events also

have challenges of timescales, and deadlines for completion of the project from various local and

international associations affect the plan of the project. Mitigating these challenges in project

planning means that the risk management process is designed with a model to identify potential

risks. This process must include a formal planning activity, analysis to estimate the probability

and predict the impact on the project of identified threats, a risk response strategy for selected

risks, and the ability to monitor and control the progress in reducing these risks to the desired

level. If risk management operates as a continuous (Getzoff, 2019), disciplined process of

planning, identifying, analyzing, developing risk responses, and monitoring and controlling, then

the system will easily supplement other methods such as planning, budgeting, cost control,

quality, and scheduling.

Competing with different projects in multiple project environments is one of the

significant challenges in project management as the availability of resources and materials. Far

too many projects fail due to poor project management methodologies and processes. Resource

management is one key element within project management methodologies. If resource

management methodologies are set up and applied adequately, project successes often follow. If

resource management processes (Pool, 2011) are poorly defined or misapplied, projects often

fail. While this is true in single project environments, the negative impact of poor resource

management methodologies in multiple project environments is profound.

Limited processes and systems of the local project management team for large scale

infrastructure is one of the weaknesses noted in the SWOT analysis. To overcome this, hiring
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 8

experienced project managers and designing companies from the multinational background will

reduce the potential risks that may cause project failure. “Good project management discipline

stopped us from the possible pending money on projects that fail. Generally, adopting the right

project management methodology through successful and established processes and systems is

essential for the successful outcome of the project. Selecting the right changes and organizing

will help in managing project tasks effectively and efficient way. Different organizations

critically manage projects through business agility and continuous process that enable a business

to continue after a disaster (Getzoff, 2019). Project management develops essential

organizational skills to execute these changes in a controlled manner.

Several opportunities visualized in these overall developments of these multiple projects

in the country with the development of Infrastructure and Technology for the benefit of the entire

country and to advertise the country in the world market. Improved infrastructure will attract

further development of the country in various fields such as tourism, real estate, logistics, and

other businesses. These developments of the projects will change consumer behavior and

increase money circulation in the market. Furthermore, this development will create an

emergency of markets at the benefit of the Country (Turner, 2014). Successful completion of the

project will lead to innovations in the same sector for further developments and achievements as

market demand will increase for similar projects to boost the economy.

The project faces different risks across the environment that requires transfer to the

second party. The blockade enforced by the neighboring countries was a politically influenced

threat that may hinder the progress of projects for FIFA-2022. Though Qatar’s main supply lines

— the land border with Saudi Arabia and shipping routes into the re-export hub at Dubai’s Jebel

Ali port were banned, the country has developed alternate ways to import the construction goods
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 9

required for significant project developments. Considering these political challenges, project

management teams have successfully planned and managed the projects for timely completion.

All the projects will have an impact on the environment due to the carbon footprint, and

developing the project in sustainable methodology will decrease the impact on environmental

issues (Brulin & Svensson, 2016). All the stadium projects are being built according to

sustainability standards established by local and international green building councils for

reducing environmental effects.

Multiple project environments naturally create competitiveness among the different

project managers on the development, planning, scheduling, and completion of the project.

Organizations use the competitive concept to better gauge the capability to perform better than

their competitors. The Project manager is the key to successful project planning. It is desirable

that the project manager is involved from project conception through execution. Project planning

must be systematic, flexible enough to handle unique activities, disciplined through reviews and

controls, and capable of accepting multifunctional inputs Abuzayed, (2013). Project managers

integrate competitiveness into their approach for managing projects to explore the reasons for

ineffective results.

Economic threats during the project due to high logistics cost due to blockade and other

political issues. During the construction activities of the projects, seasonal troubles like

unexpected floods due to heavy rain can stall the project progress, which results in damaging the

construction site (Brulin & Svensson, 2016). Other physical factors such as high-water table and

unfavorable weather conditions during peak summer are a threat that can hamper the project

progress. Heat stress conditions of such extent have been recorded in previous World Cup

venues organized in semi-hot regions, where midday kick-off times were rearranged, due to
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 10

possible imminent heat risks. Similarly, the combination of heat stress and strain exercise was

proven to be a dominating factor in players’ performance disruption during the 2006 World Cup

held in Germany, with the temperature attaining just 30◦C.

Based on stringent playing conditions enforced by FIFA for the world cup matches

playing environment, developing the stadium in the sustainable methodology is ideal for

complying with environmental norms. For example, balancing social, environmental, and

economic interests will influence the project initiating processes in terms of the intended project

result and the identification of stakeholders (Ukaga, O. Environ Dev Sustain, 2014) . Also,

in the project planning stage, providing additional perspectives will logically affect processes

like defining the requirements, scope, activities, quality, and risks of the project.

In this essay, the case study (Qatar 2022 World cup stadiums project) is strongly

supporting the notion that external environmental factors influence the project’s outcome.

Complexity arising when designing a plan (Kerzner, 2017) contains unknowns and uncertainties.

It is hard to predict the changes in the external “PESTEL” environment with 100 percent. In the

simplest projects, such changes are unlikely to have much effect, but the level of project

complexity grows in large scale projects. Projects would be designated as ‘great,' Abuzayed,

(2013), if they fulfill the major criteria by undertaking strategic importance to the initiating

organization with the project's outcome has contributed substantially, for an extended period of

time to the performance of its organization and to the wellbeing of its users. The project outcome

must have a major impact on its industry and stimulated others to follow in its footsteps. Though

it is affecting the overall cost due to these external factors, scope and completion timeline were

mitigated by the implementation of contingency plan and swift realignment of resources and

developed alternate routes for sourcing materials by the project management team.
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 11

Appendix
Appendix 1

PESTEL Analysis

POLITICAL

LEGAL ECONOMIC

PESTEL
ANALYSIS

ENVIRON SOCIAL
MENTAL

TECHNO
LOGICAL

Appendix 2

SWOT Analysis
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 12

SWOT
ANALYSIS

Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats

Budget and funding Gaps in knowledge and Technology and infrastructure Political influences
expertise development

Track record (similar Timescale and Changing consumer behavior Environmental factors
successes) deadlines

Skill levels Resource availability Emerging and developing Competitor activity

markets

Processes and systems Competing projects New innovations (R&D) Economy

Reputation Processes and systems Market demand Seasonal effects

Appendix 3
PROJECT MANAGEMENT 13

Project Life Cycle

10/17/2019

Pre Basic Execution &

Feasibility Feasibility Launch Hand - Over
Development Testing

Product Life cycle

Pre
Manu
Facturing

Operations/ De
Detail Construction commissioning
Asset Life Cycle Maintenance
Design

Product
Usage

Phase – Out
& Disposal
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 14

References
Hill M. (2003). The Complete Project Management Office Handbook, Publisher-CRC Press.

Retrieved from “https://content.taylorfrancis.com/books/download?dac=C2009-0-15216-

X&isbn=9780429119002&format=googlePreviewPdf”

Funmilayo O.T. (2002), Department of Quantity Surveying, Project environment factors

contributing to time overruns of projects delivery in Lagos and Abuja, Nigeria. Retrieved

from “http://www.repcomseet.com/journal/ObalolaProject_environment_factors_contributing.pdf”

Abuzayed, B. (2013), "Sport and emerging capital markets: market reaction to the 2022 World

Cup announcement", International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and

Management, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 122-141. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538391311329824

“https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/17538391311329824/full/html?

skipTracking=true”

Ukaga, O. Environ Dev Sustain (2014) 16: 455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-

013-9511-8 “https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-013-9511-8”

Silvius, G., Schipper, R., van den Planko, B., & Kohler, A. (2012). Sustainability

in project management. England: Grower Publishing Limited, Surrey.

Kerzner, H. (2017). Project management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and

controlling. Hoboken (N.J.), Wiley. Retrieved from.

“https://books.google.com.qa/books?

hl=en&lr=&id=xlASDgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR19&dq=5.%09Project+Management:

+A+Systems+Approach+to+Planning,+Scheduling,+and+Controlling+

%E2%80%93+Harold+R.Kerzner+by+John+Wiley+and+Sons,
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 15

+2005&ots=Xb7iXPV2AR&sig=32SIbaHTkJnZQ_ZFDTwzL79G_wo&redir_esc=y#v=

onepage&q&f=false”

Pool, R. (2011). The multiple project dilemma. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress

2011North America, Dallas, TX. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute).

Retrieved from“https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/improving-individual-

accountability-organizational-performance-6190”

Turner. R. (2014) Gower Handbook of Project Management. Publisher Taylor & Francis Group,

Brulin, G., & Svensson, L. (2016). Managing sustainable development programmes: A learning approach

to change. Routledge

Getzoff. M. (2019). World's Safest Countries 2019. Global news and insight for corporate

financial professionals. Retrived from“https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/non-

economic-data/worlds-safest-countries-2019”