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METRIC
MIL-PRF-85704C
15 July 1998
SUPERSEDING
MIL-C-85704B
10 November 1992

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION

CLEANING COMPOUND, TURBINE ENGINE GAS PATH

This specification is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department
of Defense.

1. SCOPE

1.1 Scope. This specification establishes the requirements for three types of turbine engine
gas path cleaning compounds, two are used for off-line (starter cranked) engine cleaning
operations and one is used for on-line (fired) engine cleaning (See 6.1).

1.2 Classification. The cleaning compounds will be of the following types, as specified
(see 6.3).

1.2.1 Types. The types of cleaning compounds are as follows:

Type I - Solvent emulsion cleaner concentrate containing aromatic hydrocarbon

solvents for use in starter cranked engine cleaning operations only.
Type II - Aqueous cleaner concentrate containing no aromatic hydrocarbon solvents
for starter cranked engine cleaning operations only.
Type II RTU - Ready-To-Use aqueous cleaner containing no hydrocarbon solvents for
starter cranked engine cleaning operations only.
Type III - Aqueous cleaner concentrate containing no hydrocarbon solvents for use
in on-line (fired) engine cleaning of specifically approved engines.
Type III RTU - Ready-To-Use aqueous cleaner containing no hydrocarbon solvents for
use in on-line (fired) engine cleaning of specifically approved engines.

Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which
may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Commander, Naval Air
Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Code 414100B120-3, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733-
5100, by using the Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426)
appearing at the end of this document or by letter.

AMSC N/A FSC 6850

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
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2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3 and 4 of this
specification. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this
specification or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has
been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must
meet all specified requirements documents cited in sections 3 and 4 of this specification, whether
or not they are listed.

2.2 Government documents.

2.2.1 Specifications and standards. The following specifications and standards form a part
of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these
documents are those listed in the issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and
Standards (DoDISS) and supplement thereto, cited in the solicitation (see 6.3).

SPECIFICATIONS

FEDERAL

QQ-P-416 - Plating, Cadmium (Electrodeposited)

TT-L-32 - Lacquer, Cellulose Nitrate, Gloss, For Aircraft Use
PPP-P-704 - Pail, Metal (Shipping, Steel, 1 through 12 Gallons)

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

MIL-M-3171 - Magnesium Alloy, Processes for Pretreatment and Prevention

of Corrosion on
MIL-T-9046 - Titanium and Titanium Alloy, Sheet, Strip and Plate
MIL-PRF-22750 - Coating, Epoxy, High-Solids
MIL-PRF-23699 - Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engine, Synthetic Base,
NATO Code Number O-156
MIL-PRF-85285 - Coating: Polyurethane, High-Solids

STANDARDS

FEDERAL

FED-STD-595 - Colors Used in Government Procurement

(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of the above specifications and standards are available
from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D,
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.)

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2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications. The following other
Government documents, drawings, and publications form a part of this document to the extent
specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues are those cited in the solicitation
(see 6.3).

CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS (CFR)

40 CFR Part 60 - Determination of Volatile Matter Content, Water

Appendix A, Content, Density, Volume Solids, and Weight Solids of
Method 24 Surface Coatings
40 CFR Part 136 - Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis
of Pollutants

(Application for copies of the CFR should be addressed to the Superintendent of

Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.)

2.3 Non-government publications. The following documents form a part of this document
to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of the documents which are
DoD adopted are those listed in the issue of the DoDISS cited in the solicitation. Unless
otherwise specified, the issues of documents not listed in the DoDISS are the issues of the
documents cited in the solicitation (see 6.3).

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

ASTM-B209 - Aluminum and Aluminun-Alloy Sheet and Plate,

Standard Specification for
ASTM-C1111 - Determining Elements in Waste Streams by Inductively
Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Standard
Test Method for
ASTM-D93 - Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester, Standard
Test Method for (DoD Adopted)
ASTM-D95 - Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by
Distillation, Standard Test Method for (DoD Adopted)
ASTM-D445 - Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the
Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity), Standard Test Method
for (DoD Adopted)
ASTM-D1141 - Substitute Ocean Water, Standard Specification for
(DoD Adopted)
ASTM-D1976 - Elements in Water by Inductively-Coupled Argon Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
ASTM-D2240 - Rubber Property-Durometer Hardness, Standard Test Method
for (DoD Adopted)

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ASTM-D2834 - Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Water-Emulsion Floor

Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor Polishes, and Polymer-
Emulsion Floor Polishes, Standard Test Method for
ASTM-D3919 - Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Standard
Practice for
ASTM-D4057 - Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products,
Standard Practice for (DoD Adopted)
ASTM-D4177 - Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products,
Standard Practice for (DoD Adopted)
ASTM-D4691 - Measuring Elements in Water by Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometry, Standard Practice for
ASTM-E70 - pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode, Standard
Test Method for (DoD Adopted)
ASTM-F483 - Total Immersion Corrosion Test for Aircraft Maintenance
Chemicals, Standard Test Method for (DoD Adopted)
ASTM-F484 - Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics in Contact with Liquid or
Semi-Liquid Compounds, Standard Test Method for
(DoD Adopted)
ASTM-F502 - Effects of Cleaning and Chemical Maintenance Materials on
Painted Aircraft Surfaces, Standard Test Method for
(DoD Adopted)
ASTM-F945 - Stress-Corrosion of Titanium Alloys by Aircraft Engine
Cleaning Materials, Standard Test Method for
ASTM-F1110 - Sandwich Corrosion Test, Standard Test Method for

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for Testing and
Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA. 19428-2959.)

AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION (APHA)

Standard Method 4500-Cl G - Chlorine, DPD Colorimetric Method, Water

and Wastewater, Standard Method for the
Examination of
Standard Method 5530 - Phenols, Water and Wastewater, Standard
Method for the Examination of

(Application of copies of these Standard Methods should be addressed to the American

Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.)

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SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS (SAE)

SAE-AMS2416 - Plating, Nickel-Cadmium Diffused (DoD Adopted)

SAE-AMS4377 - Sheet and Plate, Magnesium Alloy 3.0Al 1.0Zn 0.20Mn,
Cold Rolled, Partially Annealed (DoD Adopted)
SAE-AMS5046 - Sheet, Strip, and Plate, Carbon Steel (SAE 1020 and 1025)
Annealed (DoD Adopted)
SAE-AMS5504 - Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate, Corrosion and Heat Resistant
12.5 Cr (SAE 51410) Annealed UNS S41000
(DoD Adopted)
SAE-AMS5510 - Steel, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Sheet, Strip and
Plate 18Cr 10.5Ni 0.40Ti Solution Heat Treated
(DoD Adopted)
SAE-AMS5536 - Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Sheet, Strip and
Plate 47.5Ni 22Cr 1.5Co 9.0Mo 0.60W 18.5Fe, Solution
Heat Treated (DoD Adopted)

(Applications for copies should be addressed to Society of Automotive Engineers, 400

Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096.)

2.4 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and
the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this
document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has
been obtained.

3. REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Qualification. Cleaning compounds furnished under this specification shall be products
that are authorized by the qualifying activity for listing on the applicable qualified products list
before contract award (see 4.2 and 6.4).

3.2 Toxicity. The cleaning compound shall have no adverse effect on the health of
personnel when used for its intended purpose. Use of the cleaning solution shall conform to
local regulations for industrial hygiene and air pollution. The cleaning compound shall not
contain known or suspected human carcinogens, heavy metals, or Total Toxic Organic (TTO)
compounds, (see 40 CFR, Part 136) (see 6.6).

3.3 Materials. Surface active agents used in the cleaning compound shall be not less than
90 percent biodegradable. Types II, II RTU, III, and III RTU cleaning compounds shall not
contain hydrocarbon solvents.

3.4. Performance requirements. The cleaning compound shall conform to table I.

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TABLE I. Performance requirements.

Characteristic Requirement Test method

Volatile organic compound (VOC) 10 percent by weight 40 CFR 60, Appendix A,
content (in the ready to use state), Method 24 (EPA Test
maximum (max.) Method 24)
Water content, minimum (min.) ASTM-D95
Types II and III 50 percent content 1/
Types II RTU and III RTU 90 percent content 1/
Non-volatile content 1/ 2/ ASTM-D2834
Infrared spectrum of non-volatile matter 1/ 3/
Phenol content None Detected APHA Method 5530
Flash point, min. 60°C (140°F) ASTM-D93
Elemental content, max. 4.4.1
Types I, II, and III
Sulfur (S) 500 parts per million (ppm)
Chlorine (Cl) 100 ppm
Sodium (Na) 50 ppm
Potasium (K) 50 ppm
Phosphorous (P) 50 ppm
Other metallic elements 10 ppm
Types II RTU, IIII RTU
Sulfur (S) 100 ppm
Chlorine (Cl) 20 ppm
Sodium (Na) 10 ppm
Potasium (K) 10 ppm
Phosphorous (P) 10 ppm
Other metallic elements 2 ppm
pH (in the ready to use state) 7.0 - 9.0 ASTM-E70
Viscosity @ 27 °C (80 °F), cSt. ASTM-D445
Type I: min. - max. 15 - 25
Type II, II RTU, III, III RTU: max. 25
Insoluble matter, max. 4.4.2
Type I 0.1 percent by weight
Types II and III 0.025 percent by weight
Types II RTU and III RTU 0.01 percent by weight

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TABLE I. Performance requirements - Continued.

Characteristic Requirement Test method
Cleaning efficiency 4.4.4
Type I, min. 85 percent 1/
Types II, II RTU, III, III RTU 99 percent 1/
Ash content, max. 4.4.3
Types I, II, and III 0.05 percent by weight
Types II RTU and III RTU 0.01 percent by weight
Titanium stress corrosion (microscopic None detected 4/ ASTM-F945
cracking) at 500X magnification
Total immersion corrosion 4.4.5
Weight change per area per day

Aluminum (ASTM-B209, Alloy

6061, 0 temper)
Type I 1.0 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.
Type II, II RTU, III, and III RTU 0.5 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.

Aluminum (ASTM-B209, Alloy

2024, T3 temper)
Type I 1.0 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.
Type II, II RTU, III, and III RTU 0.5 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.

Magnesium, chrome pickled

(SAE-AMS4377)
Type I 5.0 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.
Type II, II RTU, III, and III RTU 2.5 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.

Titanium (MIL-T-9046, type III,

composition C)
Type I 1.0 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.
Type II, II RTU, III, and III RTU 0.5 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.

Nickel alloy (SAE-AMS5536)

Type I 1.0 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.
Type II, II RTU, III, and III RTU 0.5 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.

Steel (SAE- AMS5046)

Type I 2.0 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.
Type II, II RTU, III, and III RTU 1.0 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.

Stainless steel, martensitic (SAE-

AMS5504)

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TABLE I. Performance requirements - Continued.

Characteristic Requirement Test method
Type I 2.0 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.
Type II, II RTU, III, and III RTU 1.0 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.

Cadmium plated steel (SAE-

AMS5046, plated and treated in
accordance with QQ-P-416, type I)
Type I 5.0 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.
Type II, II RTU, III, and III RTU 2.5 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.

Nickel cadmium plated steel (SAE-

AMS5046; plated and treated in
accordance with SAE-AMS2416)
Type I 5.0 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.
Type II, II RTU, III, and III RTU 2.5 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.

Ceramic coated steel (AMS 5046

coated with Sermetel W, or equal)
Type I 2.0 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.
Type II, II RTU, III, and III RTU 1.0 mg/cm2/24 hours, max.

Hot corrosion 4.4.6

Visible corrosion (all metals) None visible

Microscopic corrosion (maximum depth 0.0076mm (0.0003 in.) for

of scar), at a magnification of 250X, for all
the following metals:
Aluminum alloy (ASTM-B209, Alloy
6061, 0 temper) at 454 °C (850 °F)
Aluminum alloy ( Alloy 2024, T3
temper) at 454 °C (850 °F)
Titanium (MIL-T-9046, type II,
composition F) at 482 °C (900 °F)
Titanium (MIL-T-9046, type III,
composition C) at 482 °C (900 °F)
Nickel alloy (SAE-AMS5536) at
1,093 °C (2,000 °F)
Steel (SAE-AMS5046) at 454°C
(850 °F)
Stainless steel, martensitic
(SAE-AMS5504) at 482°C (900 °F)
Stainless steel (SAE-AMS5510) at
871 °C (1,600 °F)

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TABLE I. Performance requirements - Continued.

Characteristic Requirement Test method
Nickel-cadmium plated steel (SAE-
AMS5046, plated and treated in
accordance with SAE-AMS2416) at
454 °C (850 °F)
Ceramic coated steel (SAE-AMS5046
coated with a ceramic coating such
as Sermetel W or equal) at 454 °C
(850 °F)
Sandwich corrosion (corrosion rating) ASTM-F1110
Types I, II, II RTU, III, and III RTU, 1 max.
undiluted, for the following metals:
Aluminum, non-anodized, (ASTM-
B209, Alloy 2024, T3 temper)
Aluminum alloy, Alclad (ASTM-
B209, Alloy 2024, T3 temper)
Aluminum alloy, non-anodized,
(Alloy 7075)
Aluminum alloy (ASTM-B209,
Alclad Alloy 7075, T6 temper)

Types I, II, and III (dilute and 1 max.

ready-to-use state) for the following:
Aluminum alloy, non-anodized,
(ASTM-B209, Alloy 2024, T3
temper)
Aluminum alloy, alclad (ASTM-
B209, Alloy 2024, T3 temper)
Aluminum alloy, non-anodized,
(ASTM-B209, Alloy 7075)
Alclad aluminum alloy (ASTM-
B209, Alloy 7075, T6 temper)
Effect on painted surfaces; decrease in 2 max. 4.4.7
pencil hardness value for
FED-STD-595, color number 17875,
of TT-L-32, MIL-PRF-22750, and
MIL-PRF-85285
Effect on silicone elastomers; change in 4.4.8
durometer hardness:
Dow Corning Silastic J 5 points, max.
Dow Corning 93-118 7 points, max.
General Electric RTV 159 5 points, max.

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TABLE I. Performance requirements - Continued.

Characteristic Requirement Test method
Effect on epoxy adhesives; decrease in 4.4.9
pencil hardness value:
3M Company AF 163 3 points, max.
Dexter-Hysol EA 9689 1 point, max.
Effect on acrylic materials No crazing or cracking 5/ ASTM-F484
Emulsibility (types I, II, III only) 4.4.10
Homogeneity at 5 °C (41 °F) No clotting, coagulation, or
after 60 seconds gel formation

Phase separation at 5 °C (41 °F) None observed

after 48 hours
Rinsibility; FED-STD-595,color number No visible, non-rinsible film 4.4.11
17875 of MIL-PRF-85285
Hard water stability at 25 °C (77 °F) for No separation 4.4.12
16 hours
Salt water stability after 1 hour No separation 4.4.13
Acid stability after 1 hour No separation 4.4.14
Accelerated storage stability 4.4.15
Cleaning compound No color change or
Steel (SAE-AMS5046) separation
Type I cleaners; 60 °C (140 °F) to No corrosion or staining
room temperature cycling for five
days
Types II, II RTU, III, and No corrosion or staining
III RTU; 49 °C (120 °F) to room
temperature cycling for five days
Low temperature stability 4.4.16

Type I:
Low temperature, at -12 °C (10 °F) No solidifying or
after 16 hours crystallization
Room temperature inspection, after Homogenous (No
soak at -26 °C (-15 °F) for 24 hours separation)

Types II, II RTU, III, III RTU: Homogenous (No

Room temperature inspection, after separation)
soak at -26 °C (-15 °F) for 24 hours

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TABLE I. Performance requirements - Continued.

Characteristic Requirement Test method
Engine cleaning performance
Types I, II, and II RTU (types I and II
diluted and ready-to-use)
Crank wash performance test see paragraph 3.6 4.4.18.1
Types III and III RTU
Running wash performance test see paragraph 3.6 4.4.18.2
Workmanship Free of turbidity and foreign Visual observation
matter

1/ Conformance inspection results shall not differ from values recorded on the qualification
sample by more than ±1.5 percentage points. IR Spectra shall have no new or missing peaks.
2/ Non-volatile content shall be determined using 2 to 3 gram sample weights, 100 mm diameter
glass Petri dishes, and a forced-draft oven maintained at 105 °C ±2°C (221 °F ± 4 °F) for 16
hours.
3/ An infrared spectrum of the non-volatile matter smeared on a potassium bromide plate shall
be recorded using an infrared spectrometer with a minimum resolution of 4 wavenumbers.
Results should be expressed as percentage transmittance in the range of 4,000 to 400
wavenumbers. There shall be no difference in spectra when run by the qualifying laboratory.
4/ Use Method A and both alloys for testing the concentrate.
5/ Type A and Type C specimens shall be stressed to 2,000 and 3,000 psi, respectively.

3.5 Long Term Storage Stability. After a 6 month period, samples stored under both
conditions described in 4.4.17 shall meet the table I requirements for pH, cleaning efficiency,
rinsibility, salt water stability, and acid stability.

3.6 Engine cleaning performance. Each candidate formulation shall be tested in a T63-A-
700 turboshaft engine to assess its cleaning performance and to ensure that engine components
are not adversely affected. Upon successful completion of all laboratory tests, types I, II, and
II RTU compounds shall be evaluated in a crank wash cleaning performance test (see 4.4.18.1),
while types III and III RTU compounds shall be evaluated in a running wash cleaning
performance test (see 4.4.18.2). Types I, II, and II RTU cleaning compounds shall demonstrate
statistical equivalence to the average cleaning ability of the entire type I class of products that
have already been tested under the same severity of engine test conditions. The lowest
equivalent satisfactory value has been determined to be an average 7.46 percent less than full
engine horsepower output after three consecutive crankwash cleanings. Full engine horsepower
output is measured prior to inducing an approximate 25 percent horsepower power loss. Types
III and III RTU shall demonstrate statistical improvement over the average cleaning ability of the
entire type III class of products that have already been tested under the same severity of engine
test conditions. The lowest equivalent satisfactory value has been determined to be an average
8.35 percent less than full engine horsepower output after one running wash cleaning. Full

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engine horsepower output is measured prior to inducing an approximate 25 percent horsepower

power loss.

4. VERIFICATION

4.1 Classification of inspections. The inspection requirements specified herein are

classified as follows:

a. Qualification inspection (see 4.2).

b. Conformance inspection (see 4.3).

4.2 Qualification inspection. The qualification inspection shall consist of all requirements
specified in section 3. Qualification test samples for types I, II, and III cleaning compound
consist of one twenty liter (or five gallon) container of the cleaning compound; qualification test
samples for types II RTU and III RTU cleaning compound consist of three twenty liter (or five
gallon) containers.

4.3 Conformance inspection. Each lot shall be inspected to verify conformance to the
following requirements: volatile organic compounds; water content; non-volatile content; IR
spectrum of non volatile matter; ash content; pH; flash point; viscosity; total immersion
corrosion; emulsibility; salt water stability; acid stability; accelerated storage stability (examine
for conformance after one 24-hour cycle and discontinue test); workmanship. Each lot (See
6.7.1) of material shall be sampled at random in accordance with ASTM-D4057 or
ASTM-D4177 for the conformance inspection.

4.4 Test methods. The tests of this specification shall be conducted in accordance with
table I and 4.4.1 through 4.4.18.

4.4.1 Elemental content. Elemental content shall be determined in accordance with table II.
For type I cleaning compounds, a 10 weight percent solution (or emulsion) in distilled water
shall be prepared for analyses in table II. For types II and III cleaning compounds, a 10 weight
percent solution in distilled water shall be prepared for all elemental analyses. For types II RTU
and III RTU cleaning compounds, no dilution shall be used. Results shall be calculated in parts
per million of undiluted cleaning compound.

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TABLE II. Elemental content determination methods.

Element Method
Sulfur, Phosphorus ASTM-C1111 or ASTM-D1976
Chlorine APHA Standard Method 4500-Cl G
Sodium, Potassium ASTM-C1111, ASTM-D1976,
ASTM-D3919, or ASTM-D4691
Other Metals ASTM-C1111, ASTM-D1976,
ASTM-D3919, or ASTM-D4691

4.4.2 Insoluble matter. Undiluted cleaning compound, after having been stored undisturbed
for at least one week, shall be thoroughly agitated and two 100 gram samples withdrawn and
weighed to the nearest gram. The insoluble matter shall be collected with the aid of a vacuum
filtering apparatus to produce 200 to 250 mm of vacuum (water tap filter pump), a 250 ml
filtering flask, a 42.5 mm Buchner funnel and three pieces of filter paper (Whatman no. 1 or
equivalent). Two filter papers for each determination shall be dried at 60 °C ±2 °C
(140 °F ±4 °F) for 30 minutes and cooled in a desiccator and then weighed to the nearest mg.
The filter papers shall be stacked in the Buchner funnel (the unweighed paper on the bottom), the
vacuum started and the test sample filtered. The sides of the sample container shall be rinsed
with 25 ml of the filtrate and the rinse mixture transferred to the funnel. The sides of the funnel
shall be rinsed with an additional 25 ml of the filtrate and this liquid filtered. The vacuum shall
be maintained for an additional five minutes. The filter papers shall then be dried for 10 minutes
at 105 °C ±2 °C (221 °F ±4 °F) and cooled in a desiccator and weighed to the nearest 1 mg. The
percent insoluble shall be calculated as follows:

Percent insoluble = [[A2 - (B2 ÷ B1) × A1] ÷ Weight of sample ] × 100

where:
A1 = initial weight of top filter paper.
B1 = initial weight of middle filter paper.
A2 = final weight of top filter paper.
B2 = final weight of middle filter paper.

4.4.3 Ash content. Approximately 10 grams of cleaning compound shall be weighed to the
nearest 0.1 mg in a tared porcelain crucible. The crucible shall be heated at 105 °C ±1 °C
(221 °F ±2 °F) for 24 hours, then heated at 240 °C ± 2 °C (464° ± 4°F) for the next 24 hours.
Following this, the crucible and its contents shall be carefully ignited over a bunsen type gas
burner. The crucible shall then be placed in a muffle furnace at 1,040 °C (1,900 °F) for 2 hours.
The crucible shall be weighed and the ash content calculated as the percentage of the initial
weight of cleaning compound.

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4.4.4 Cleaning efficiency.

4.4.4.1 Type I. Cleaning compound solution shall be prepared by diluting the cleaning
compound to 20 volume percent with distilled water.

4.4.4.1.1 Test panels and apparatus. Test panels shall be 150 mm (6 inch) diameter by
0.51 mm (0.020 inch) thick bare aluminum alloy 2024, T3 temper conforming to ASTM-B209,
Alloy 2024 disks, scribed with a 95 mm (3.75 inch) circle centered on the panel. The cleaning
apparatus shall rotate these panels vertically at 220 rpm in front of a nozzle perpendicular to the
panel which travels back and forth across the scribed area nine times per minute. The nozzle tip
shall remain 83.8 ±2.5 mm (3.3 ±0.1 inches) from the test panel through the cleaning and rinsing
cycles (see figure 1).

Spray pattern is 63.5 (2.5) in diameter at test panel.

Cleaner
Solution

9.5 (0.375)

83.8 (3.3)
Air Flow
Soil
Spray 14.3 (0.563) 7.1 (0.281)
15.9 (0.625)

Nozzle made of glass tubing:

Air Orfice = 2.78 (0.109)
Spray Orfice = 5.56 (0.218)
Note: Dimensions in millimeters (inches)

Figure 1. Laboratory cleaning efficiency test.

4.4.4.1.2 Soil. 500 grams of lubricating oil conforming to MIL-PRF-23699 shall be mixed
with 50 grams of Raven 1040 carbon black (Columbia Carbon Company or equal) in a one liter
(quart), wide-mouth jar. The jar shall be placed in an oven at 240 °C ±5 °C (464 °F ±10 °F). A
6.35 mm (0.25 inch) I.D. glass tube connected to a metered air supply shall be inserted into the
mixture with an air flow of 8.5 ±0.5 cubic centimeters per second. The mixture, shall be heated
at 240 °C ±5 °C (464 °F ±10 °F), with aeration for 120 hours, then cooled to room temperature
and mixed until homogeneous.

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4.4.4.1.3 Panel preparation. The test panels shall be abraded with a Scotchbrite fine
abrasive mat (3M Company or equivalent), wiped with clean tissue soaked in reagent grade
toluene followed with isopropanol, then dried to constant weight. Record the weight to the
nearest 0.1 mg. Apply approximately 240 mg of soil by brush to cover the scribed area
uniformly and bake at 232 °C ±3 °C (455 °F ±7 °F) for 20 ±0.2 minutes. Cool the panels and
weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg. Use only panels with more than 135 mg and less than 165 mg of
soil.

4.4.4.1.4 Test procedure. Prepare 1,000 ml of a 20 volume percent cleaning solution and
aspirate it through the nozzle (with an air pressure of 10.0 ± 0.3 psig) onto the rotating soiled
panel. Adjust the flow of cleaning solution to 100 ±10 ml per minute. Rinse the test panel with
100 ml of distilled water applied in the same manner. The rinsed panel shall be heated to
105 °C ±5 °C (221 °F ±10 °F) for 10 minutes, cooled to room temperature, then weighed to the
nearest 0.1 mg. Calculate the percent cleaning efficiency as follows:

Percent cleaning efficiency = [( A - B) ÷ ( A - C)] × 100

where:
A = weight of the soiled panel before cleaning
B = weight of the soiled panel after cleaning
C = weight of the unsoiled panel

Record the cleaning efficiency as the average of four tests.

4.4.4.2 Type II, II RTU, III, and III RTU. Type II and III cleaning compounds shall be
diluted to 20 volume percent with distilled water for testing; types II RTU and III RTU cleaning
compounds shall be tested as received. Use the same test panels, apparatus, soil, and panel
preparation as specified in 4.4.4.1.4, except that soiled test panels shall not be baked but shall be
placed in a horizontal position with the soiled surface facing up for at least 30 minutes at room
temperature. Modify the test apparatus by connecting the air pressure inlet of the nozzle to an 8
to 10 psig steam line. Aspirate the cleaning compound solution through the nozzle at a rate of
100 ±10 ml per minute. Rinse the test panel by pouring 100 ml of distilled water over the test
panel. Dry and weigh the test panel and calculate the percent cleaning efficiency of the cleaning
compound (see 4.4.4.1.4).

4.4.5 Total immersion corrosion. Types I, II, and III cleaning compounds shall be diluted
to 20 volume percent with distilled water for testing; types II RTU and type III RTU cleaning
compounds shall be tested as received. Corrosion specimens shall be fabricated from the
following substrates, with dimensions as specified by ASTM-F483: aluminum alloy conforming
to ASTM-B209, Alloy 6061, 0 temper; aluminum alloy conforming to, ASTM-B209, Alloy
2024, T3 temper; steel conforming to SAE-AMS5046; martensitic stainless steel conforming to
SAE-AMS5504; magnesium conforming to SAE-AMS4377 which has been chrome pickled in

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acordance with MIL-M-3171, type I; and titanium conforming to MIL-T-9046, type III,
composition C. Cadmium plated steel specimens shall be prepared in accordance with
QQ-P-416, type I and nickel-cadmium plated steel specimens shall be prepared in accordance
with SAE-AMS2416. Immediately prior to testing, untreated specimens (not plated or coated)
shall be abrasive blasted using U.S. sieve size 100 to 170 glass beads . Specimens shall be
exposed as required by ASTM-F483, except that the cleaning compound solution shall be
conditioned at 57 °C (135 °F) for one and one-half hours prior to immersion and the immersion
shall be carried out at 57 °C (135 °F) for one-half hour. Weight changes shall be calculated in
units of mg/cm2/24 hrs.

4.4.6 Hot corrosion. Types I, II, and III cleaning compounds shall be tested as received;
types II RTU and III RTU cleaning compounds shall be prepared for testing by boiling to
20 percent of its original volume in a pyrex glass beaker. Corrosion specimens with dimensions
25 by 50 by 1.5 mm (1.0 by 2.0 by 0.060 inches), shall be cut from the following alloys:
titanium conforming to MIL-T-9046, type II, composition F and MIL-T-9046, type III,
composition C; aluminum alloy conforming to ASTM-B209, Alloy 6061, 0 temper, and
ASTM-B209, Alloy 2024, T3 temper; steel conforming to SAE-AMS5046; martensitic stainless
steel conforming to SAE-AMS5504 and SAE-AMS5510; and nickel alloy conforming to
SAE-AMS 5536. Nickel-cadmium plated steel specimens shall be prepared in accordance with
SAE-AMS 2416. Untreated specimens (unplated or uncoated) shall be degreased by wiping with
absorbent paper tissue wet with methyl ethyl ketone (reagent grade) followed by wiping with
isopropanol. After drying at ambient conditions for one hour, corrosion specimens of each alloy
shall be immersed in cleaning compound for 15 seconds, then withdrawn, air dried, and baked at
the specified temperatures in table I for 8 hours. A control specimen of each alloy and surface
treatment, degreased but not exposed to the cleaning solution, shall be baked for purposes of
comparison. All specimens shall be cross-sectioned, mounted, and examined at 250X
magnification in accordance with standard metallographic practice.

4.4.7 Effect on painted surfaces. Types I, II, and III cleaning compounds shall be diluted to
20 volume percent with distilled water for testing; types II RTU and III RTU cleaning compound
shall be tested as received. The effect shall be determined in accordance with ASTM-F502 using
finishes listed in table III, except the exposure shall be for 15 minutes at room temperature, and
the panels shall be allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hours.

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Table III. Test panel finishes.

Coating Number Thickness per coat Drying time between coats. All
of coats specimens shall be baked for 1
week at 66 °C ±1 °C (150 °F ±2 °F)
following final coat.
TT-L-32, FED-STD-595, 2 0.7 to 1.0 mils 1 hour at room temperature,
color number 17875 (18 to 25 microns) minimum
MIL-PRF-22750, 1 mist coat 1.2 to 1.4 mils ½ hour at room temperature,
FED-STD-595, color (30 to 36 microns) minimum
number 17875
MIL-PRF-85285, 1 mist coat 1.7 to 2.3 mils ½ hour at room temperature,
FED-STD-595, color (43 to 58 microns) minimum
number 17875

4.4.8 Effect on silicone elastomers.

4.4.8.1 Preparation of test specimens. Dow Corning elastomers Silastic J and 93-118 and
General Electric elastomer RTV 159 (or equivalent molecular structure) shall be mixed as
specified by the manufacturer and pressed in a 1/8-inch thick sheet mold until cured. Silastic J
and RTV 159 shall be cured at room temperature for one week, while 93-118 sealant shall be
cured at 150 °C (302 °F) for 2.25 hours. Specimens shall be cut from the sheet stock into 25 by
50 mm (1.0 by 2.0 inch) coupons.

4.4.8.2 Test procedure. Types I, II, and III cleaning compounds shall be diluted to
20 volume percent with distilled water for testing; types II RTU and III RTU cleaning
compounds shall be tested as received. Immerse two specimens of each elastomer in the
cleaning solution at 66 °C ±1 °C (150 °F ±2 °F) for 30 minutes. Remove from the solution, rinse
with cool tap water, and test within 30 minutes for Shore A hardness in accordance with
ASTM-D2240.

4.4.9 Effect on epoxy adhesives.

4.4.9.1 Preparation of test specimens. Using unprimed bare aluminum alloy sheet 2024,
conforming to ASTM-B209, with a thickness of 0.51 mm (0.020 in), prepare panels coated with
0.13 to 0.25 mm (5 to 10 mils) of 3M Company AF163 adhesive (or equivalent molecular
structure) cured for one hour at 121 °C ±1 °C (250 °F ±2 °F) at 40 psi. Panels coated with 0.13
to 0.25 mm (5 to 10 mils) of Dexter-Hysol EA 9689 adhesive (or equivalent molecular structure)
shall be cured for 1 hour at 177 °C ±1 °C (350 °F ±2 °F) at 55 psi. Panels shall be cured in a
press using a sheet of polyvinyl fluoride to release the adhesive coated panel from the top plate.

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4.4.9.2 Test procedure. Types I, II, and III cleaning compounds shall be diluted to
20 volume percent with distilled water for testing; types II RTU and III RTU cleaning
compounds shall be tested as received. Immerse a two-inch square test specimen in the cleaning
solution at 66 °C ±1 °C (150 °F ±2 °F) for 30 minutes. Remove from the solution, rinse with
cool tap water, and test for pencil hardness in accordance with ASTM-F502 after 24 hours at
room temperature.

4.4.10 Emulsibility (types I, II, and III only). Add 10 ml of undiluted cleaning compound
to a clean 50 ml glass-stoppered graduated cylinder and place in a chamber refrigerated to
5 °C ±1 °C (41 °F ±2 °F). Maintain the graduate at this temperature throughout the test. Cool
distilled water to the same temperature, add 40 ml to the graduate, and replace the stopper. After
60 seconds, slowly invert the graduate once and return it upright, taking two full seconds for this
procedure. After 60 seconds, pour the contents of the graduate onto a horizontal black glass
plate and examine for homogeneity. The presence of any clotting, coagulation, or gelation
constitutes a failure. If a homogeneous mixture forms, shake the graduate for 15 seconds and
allow to stand undisturbed for 48 hours. The presence of any phase separation constitutes a
failure.

4.4.11 Rinsibility.

4.4.11.1 Test panels. MIL-PRF-85285, FED-STD-595, color number 17875 (see table III),
shall be used in this test.

4.4.11.2 Synthetic sea water. Synthetic sea water shall be prepared in accordance with
ASTM-D1141, formula A.

4.4.11.3 Procedure. Types I, II, and III shall be diluted to 20 volume percent with distilled
water for testing. Types II RTU and III RTU cleaning compounds shall be tested as received.
The panels shall be placed in a horizontal position, lacquered surface up, and sprayed with the
synthetic sea water. An atomizer, paint spray gun, or equivalent, shall be used for this operation.
When the panels are thoroughly covered by sea water droplets, the panels shall be dried under an
infrared lamp. The salt-coated panels shall be partially immersed in a glass tray, approximately
125 by 200 mm (5 by 8 inches), containing 150 ml of cleaning solution. The panels shall be
tilted from the horizontal in such a manner that only half of the panel is beneath the surface of
the solution. The panels shall be soaked in this manner for one minute without agitation, then
removed and allowed to drain in an upright position for one minute. They shall then be dried
under the infrared lamp. The panels shall then be rinsed in a moderate stream of distilled water
until the salt on the portion of the panel that has not been submerged in the cleaning solution,
appears to have been dissolved. The panel shall then be dried under the infrared lamp. The
presence of a residue shall then be determined by visual comparison of the immersed and
nonimmersed halves of the panel.

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4.4.12. Hard water stability.

4.4.12.1 Preparation of stock solution. A 10-grain hard water stock solution shall be
prepared by dissolving 0.20 ± 0.005 gram of analytical reagent grade calcium acetate,
Ca(C2H3O2)2 H2O, and 0.14 ± 0.005 gram of analytical reagent grade magnesium sulfate,
MgSO4 7H2O, in one liter of boiled distilled water.

4.4.12.2 Procedure. For types I, II, II RTU, III, or III RTU, pour 10 ml of undiluted cleaner
into a 50-ml graduated cylinder. Add 40 ml of the synthetic hard water to the graduated cylinder
and shake the contents vigorously for 15 seconds. Allow the solution to stand undisturbed for
16 hours at a temperature of 25 °C ±5 °C (77 °F ±10 °F). At the end of the 16 hours examine the
solution for separation.

4.4.13 Salt water stability. Types I, II, and III shall be diluted to 20 volume percent with
distilled water for testing. Types II RTU and III RTU shall be tested as received. To 50 ml of
cleaning solution, add 5 ml of synthetic salt water prepared in accordance with ASTM-D1141,
and shake vigorously for 15 seconds. Examine after 1 hour for separation.

4.4.14 Acid stability. Types I, II, and III shall be diluted to 20 volume percent with distilled
water for testing; types II RTU and III RTU shall be tested as received. To 50 ml of cleaning
solution add 5 ml of a 1 percent acetic acid solution, and shake vigorously for 15 seconds.
Examine after 1 hour for separation.

4.4.15 Accelerated storage stability.

4.4.15.1 Preparation of test sample. A 150 ml portion of a well shaken undiluted cleaning
compound shall be poured into each of two chemically clean 250 ml pressure resistant clear glass
bottles which shall be approximately 240 mm (9.5 inch) in height and 64 mm (2.5 inches) in
outside diameter. One bottle shall be capped and stored in the dark for at least six days at room
temperature. A strip of steel 150 by 125 by 0.5 mm, (6 by 5 by 0.02 inches) conforming to
SAE-AMS5046 shall be polished with 280-grit silicon carbide paper to remove surface
contamination and then cleaned by boiling for one minute in chemically pure isopropyl alcohol
and one minute in mineral spirits. The steel strip shall be placed in the other test bottle and the
bottle shall be capped. The capped bottle containing the steel strip shall be thoroughly shaken
for one minute.

4.4.15.2 Procedure. The capped bottle containing the steel strip shall be placed in a water
bath and heated to 60 ±2 °C (140 ±4 °F) for type I and 49 ±2 °C (120 °F ±4 °F) for types II, II
RTU, III, and III RTU and held at that temperature for a period of eight hours. The bath shall
then be allowed to cool to room temperature over the next 16 hours. The above heating
procedure shall be repeated each day for five days (see 6.8). On the morning of the sixth day, the
bottle shall be removed from the bath, uncapped, examined for separation, and the steel strip

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carefully withdrawn from the cleaning compound. Separation into layers shall be cause for
rejection. The portion of the steel strip which had been immersed in the compound shall be
examined for evidence of pitting, corrosion, and uneven darkening. The open bottle shall be
capped and the two bottles shall be thoroughly shaken for one minute, then allowed to remain
undisturbed for one hour at room temperature and then examined. Any marked change in the
color and uniformity of the aged sample shall be considered as showing unsatisfactory stability
properties.

4.4.16 Low temperature stability.

4.4.16.1 Type I. Approximately 50 ml of undiluted cleaning compound shall be poured into

a test tube and capped. The sample shall be subjected to a temperature of -12.2 °C (10 °F) for
16 hours and examined for cystallization or gellation. The sample shall then be refrigerated
at -26 °C (-15 °F) for 24 hours, then removed from the cold box to room temperature for 8 hours,
after which it shall be examined for homogeneity.

4.4.16.2 Types II, II RTU, III, and III RTU. Approximately 50 ml of undiluted cleaning
compound shall be poured into a test tube and capped. The sample shall be subjected to a
temperature of -26 °C (-15 °F) for 24 hours then removed from the cold box to room temperature
for 8 hours, after which it shall be examined for homogeneity.

4.4.17 Storage stability. A 4 liter (one gallon) metal pail conforming to PPP-P-704, type I,
class 1, filled with the cleaner shall be stored for 6 months at 21 °C ±3 °C (70 °F ±5 °F). In
addition, 4 liters of the cleaning compound shall be poured into a glass container to which has
been added a cleaned and polished metal strip conforming to SAE-AMS5046. The total surface
area of both sides of the steel strip shall be 38.7 ± 3 cm2 (6 ± 0.5 in2) . The second sample shall
be stored under the same conditions of time and temperature. After the 6 month storage period,
specimens from both samples shall be tested for pH, cleaning efficiency, rinsibility, salt water
stability, and acid stability (see 3.5).

4.4.18 Turboshaft engine cleaning tests.

4.4.18.1 Crank wash performance test. Types I, II, and II RTU shall be tested in
accordance with Appendix A. Types I and II shall be diluted one part cleaner to four parts
deionized water.

4.4.18.2 Running wash performance test. Types III and III RTU shall be tested in
accordance Appendix B. Type III compounds shall be diluted one part cleaner to four parts
deionized water.

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5. PACKAGING

5.1 Packaging. For acquisition purposes, the packaging requirements shall be as specified
in the contract or order (see 6.3). When actual packaging of materiel is to be performed by DoD
personnel, these personnel need to contact the responsible packaging activity to ascertain
requisite packaging requirements. Packaging requirements are maintained by the Inventory
Control Point's packaging activity within the Military Department or Defense Agency, or within
the Military Department's System Command. Packaging data retrieval is available from the
managing Military Department's or Defense Agency's automated packaging files, CD-ROM
products, or by contacting the responsible packaging activity.

6. NOTES

(This section contains information of a general or explanatory nature that may be helpful,
but is not mandatory.)

6.1 Intended use. The cleaning compounds covered by this specification are used in the
maintenance of military aircraft exposed for prolonged periods to extreme seagoing operating
environments not encountered by commercial aircraft. Operating requirements and conditions
result in the need to clean military engines on a significantly more frequent basis than
commercial engines. A product's cleaning efficiency is critical to the military's use of these
materials and it can only be determined via expensive and time consuming engine testing. Types
I, II, and II RTU cleaning compounds are intended for cleaning the compressor section of gas
turbine aircraft engines with the engine off-line (with the starter motoring the engine). Types III
and III RTU are intended for on-line cleaning of the compressor section of a gas turbine engine
in accordance with specific engine maintenance instructions. The cleaning compound will
remove accumulated salt, dirt, and oily residues from the gas path.

6.2 Dilution of Types I, II and III cleaning compound. Types I, II, and III concentrated
cleaning compounds are diluted prior to use at a ratio of one part cleaner to four parts water.
Type II RTU, and type III RTU are ready to use and are not diluted prior to use. Potable water
may be used to dilute type I and type II concentrates. Water for dilution of type III should
conform to the following characteristics:

Conductivity: 10 micro-Siemens per centimeter (µS/cm, also

known as micro-mho per centimeter), maximum
pH: 5.0 to 8.0 (pH units)

These limits can be achieved using reverse osmosis water purifiers in combination with mixed
bed deionizers. Water quality can be monitored with digital conductivity and pH meters. It is
essential that very high purity water (as defined by the conductivity and pH parameters shown

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above) be used for on-line (fired) engine cleaning since contaminants can cause severe and costly
damage to engines.

6.3 Acquisition requirements. Acquisition documents must specify the following:

a. Title, number, and date of the specification.

b. Issue of DoDISS to be cited in the solicitation, and if required, the specific issue of
individual documents referenced (see 2.2 and 2.3).

c. Type required (see 1.2.1).

d. Packaging requirements (see 5.1), including the type and size of containers.

e. Quantity desired.

6.4 Qualification. With respect to products requiring qualification, awards will be made
only for the products which are, at the time of award of contract, qualified for inclusion in
Qualified Products List, QPL-85704, whether or not such products have actually been so listed
by that date. The attention of the contractors is called to these requirements, and manufacturers
are urged to arrange to have the products that they propose to offer to the Federal Government
tested for qualification in order that they may be eligible to be awarded contracts or purchase
orders for the products covered by this specification. Information pertaining to qualification of
products may be obtained from the Naval Air Systems Command, AIR-4.4.5, Propulsion
Systems Evaluation Facility, Building 2360, 22229 Elmer Road, Unit 4, Patuxent River MD
20670-1534.

6.5 Part or Identifying Number (PIN). The PIN to be used for cleaning compounds acquired
to this specification are created as follows. (This number is intended for cataloging and ordering
purposes.):

M85704 - X - X
Specification identifier Type designator Container size designator
I = Type I A = 18.9 liters (5 gal.)
II = TypeII B = 56.8 liters (15 gal.)
IIR = Type II RTU C = 208.2 liters (55 gal.)
III = Type III
IIIR = Type III RTU

6.6 Toxicity. Questions pertinent to the effect(s) of this cleaner shall be referred to the
appropriate medical service who will act as advisor to the contracting agency. Contracting
Officers will identify those activies requiring copies of completed Material safety Data Sheets

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prepared in accordance with FED-STD-313. The pertinent Government mailing addresses for
submission of data are listed in FED-STD-313.

6.7 Definitions.

6.7.1 Lot. A lot is a quantity of homogeneous mixture of material offered for acceptance
and manufactured by a single plant run (not exceeding 24 hours) through the same processing
equipment, with no change in ingredient material.

6.8 Accelerated storage stability test. The accelerated storage stability test need not
necessarily be attended if an internal timer is used to regulate the temperature automatically.
The test may be started on a Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday and still have the pressure bottle
removed on a normal weekday.

6.9 Subject term (key word) listing.

Cleaner, aqueous
Cleaner, solvent emulsion

6.10 Changes from previous issue. Marginal notations are not used in this revision to
identify changes with respect to the previous issue due to the extensiveness of the changes.

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APPENDIX A
ENGINE CRANKWASH TEST PROCEDURE

A.1 SCOPE

A.1.1 Scope. This appendix describes the procedure for testing the crankwash cleaning
efficiency of types I, II, and II RTU turbine engine gas path cleaning compounds. This appendix
is a mandatory part of this specification.

A.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

(This section is not applicable to this appendix.)

A.3 PROCEDURE

A.3.1 Summary of procedure. The crankwash cleaning efficiency of a compound is

determined by measuring the candidate’s ability to restore the performance of a turboshaft
engine after its performance has been reduced by the application of a synthesized contaminant to
the compressor. This testing procedure is designed to examine the performance of one candidate
type I or II cleaner per day. All candidate submittals are tested three separate times on three
different days, per a random test matrix.

A.3.2 Apparatus. The tests are conducted using a T63-A-700 turboshaft engine. The
contaminant used in this evaluation is a mixture of new turbine engine oil conforming to
MIL-PRF-23699 and pelletized carbon black in the ratio of 50 ml oil to 25 grams carbon black,
resulting in a material with a thin paste consistency. The significance of this ratio is its ability to
thinly coat all active surfaces of the compressor, and its ability to contain itself within the
compressor assembly (without exiting the bleed valve during operations), which allows for good
repeatability. A modified T63-A-700 fuel nozzle is used as an atomizer to spray the prepared
cleaner into the compressor inlet. The cleaner is delivered from a pressurized canister at a
flowrate of 1 quart per 10 seconds, per the overhaul manual.

A.3.3 Engine preparation. The start of each evaluation begins with the collection of
performance data on the clean engine, followed immediately by the introduction of the
compressor contaminant. The procedure is performed as follows:

a. Warm-up engine for 5 minutes at ground idle.

b. After running five minutes at each setting, record baseline performance (compressor is
clean) at three specified Turbine Outlet Temperatures (TOT):

TOT of 1,148°F, 75 percent of normal rated power

TOT of 1,280°F, 100 percent of normal rated power
TOT of 1,380°F, 104 percent of normal rated power

Record the following:

Barometric pressure
Turbine outlet temperature
Engine torque

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APPENDIX A
ENGINE CRANKWASH TEST PROCEDURE

Total pressure at the compressor inlet

Temperature at the compressor inlet
Standard temperatures and pressures to ensure satisfactory engine operation

c. Apply 10 grams of contaminant to first stage compressor rotor blades.

d. Motor engine for 20 seconds to disperse the contaminant throughout the compressor
assembly.
e. Repeat steps (c) and (d) with a second application of 10 grams of the dirt mixture.
f. Operate engine at normal rated power (100 percent) for 15 minutes with the anti-ice valve
ON. The anti-ice valve will supply compressor discharge air at 475°F.
g. Shut down engine and remove anti-ice valve. Start the engine and conduct performance
run, recording the performance parameters listed below (fouled compressor assembly).
After running five minutes at each setting, record baseline performance (compressor is
clean) at three specified Turbine Outlet Temperatures (TOT):

TOT of 1,148°F, 75 percent of normal rated power

TOT of 1,280°F, 100 percent of normal rated power
TOT of 1,380°F, 104 percent of normal rated power

Record the following:

Barometric pressure
Turbine outlet temperature
Engine torque
Total Pressure at the compressor inlet
Temperature at the compressor inlet
Standard temperatures and pressures to ensure satisfactory engine operation

The engine should show an approximate 25 percent loss in horsepower.

h. Allow engine to cool-down for 45 minutes in accordance with overhaul manual.

A.3.4 Cleaning Test. Each candidate cleaner is given three successive chances to clean the
contaminant from the compressor assembly. The procedure, developed in accordance with the
T63-A-700 depot overhaul manual, is performed as follows:

a. Prepare four liters of the candidate cleaner (1 part cleaner to 4 parts distilled water for
types I and II and no mixing for type II RTU) in the pressurizeable delivery canister.
b. Spray the prepared cleaner through the atomizer into the compressor inlet for 20 seconds
while simultaneously motoring the engine at approximately 8,000 rpm on the output
shaft. Flowrate shall be approximately 1 quart every 10 seconds.
c. Cool the engine's starter motor for 3 minutes.
d. Repeat steps (b) and (c) until the remainder of the 4 liters is depleted.
e. Allow engine to soak fifteen minutes.
f. Perform four rinse cycles using the same procedure as the wash cycle [steps (b) and (c)
above] and potable water in place of the cleaner solution.

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APPENDIX A
ENGINE CRANKWASH TEST PROCEDURE

g. Start and run the engine at normal rated power for 5 minutes to dry it out.
h. Reduce power and begin post-wash performance run. After running five minutes at each
setting, record baseline performance (compressor is clean) at three specified Turbine
Outlet Temperatures (TOT):

TOT of 1,148°F, 75 percent of normal rated power

TOT of 1,280°F, 100 percent of normal rated power
TOT of 1,380°F, 104 percent of normal rated power

Record the following:

Barometric pressure
Turbine outlet temperature
Engine torque
Total Pressure at the compressor inlet
Temperature at the compressor inlet
Standard temperatures and pressures to ensure satisfactory engine operation

i. Cool-down the engine for 45 minutes in accordance with overhaul manual.

j. Conduct a second wash cycle by repeating steps (a) through (i) above.
k. Conduct a third wash cycle by repeating steps (a) through (i) above.

A.3.5 Engine inspection and clean-up. Following the third and final cleaning procedure of
the day, the compressor is disassembled for inspection and prepared for the next day’s clean
engine performance run as follows:

a. Remove a stator case from the compressor assembly for inspection. Photograph the
condition of the stator case liner and a reference row of stator blades (both front and
rear). In addition photograph the compressor rotor.
b. Hand-clean the stator cases and the rotor using a laboratory-grade soap solution to
remove all traces of the contaminant. Thoroughly hand-rinse the clean parts.
c. Reassemble the engine and conduct four rinse cycles using potable water. Deliver the
water crank-wash style at a flow rate of one quart per 10 seconds while the engine is
being starter cranked for 20 seconds. Allow the starter to cool down for three minutes
before performing the next rinse cycle.
d. Start and run engine at 100 percent rated power for five minutes to dry compressor.

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APPENDIX B
ENGINE RUNNING WASH TEST PROCEDURE

B.1 SCOPE

B.1.1 Scope. This appendix describes the procedure for testing the running wash cleaning
efficiency of types III and III RTU turbine engine gas path cleaning compounds. This appendix
is a mandatory part of this procedure.

B.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

(This section is not applicable to this appendix.)

B.3 PROCEDURE

B.3.1 Summary of procedure. The running wash cleaning efficiency of a compound is

determined by measuring the candidate’s ability to restore the performance of a turboshaft
engine after its performance has been reduced by the application of a synthesized contaminant to
the compressor. This testing procedure is designed to examine the performance of one candidate
type III or III RTU cleaner per day. All candidate submittals are tested three separate times on
three different days, per a random test matrix.

B.3.2 Apparatus. The tests are conducted using a T63-A-700 turboshaft engine. The
contaminant used in this evaluation is a mixture of new turbine engine lubricating oil conforming
to MIL-PRF-23699 and pelletized carbon black in the ratio of 50 ml oil to 25 grams carbon
black, resulting in a material with a thin paste consistency. The significance of this ratio is its
ability to thinly coat all active surfaces of the compressor, and its ability to contain itself within
the compressor assembly (without exiting the bleed valve during operations), which allows for
good repeatability. Two modified T63-A-700 fuel nozzles are used to atomize the prepared
cleaner into the compressor inlet. These spray nozzles are mounted at the 3 and 9 o’clock
positions and aimed at he bullet nose of the engine’s compressor in order to obtain full spray
coverage into the compressor. The cleaner is delivered from a pressurized canister at a flowrate
of 500 ml/minute.
B.3.3 Engine preparation. The start of each evaluation begins with the collection of
performance data on the clean engine, followed immediately by the introduction of the
compressor contaminant. The procedure is performed as follows:

a. Warm-up engine for 5 minutes at ground idle.

b. After running five minutes at each setting, record baseline performance (compressor is
clean) at three specified Turbine Outlet Temperatures (TOT):
TOT of 1,148°F, 75 percent of normal rated power
TOT of 1,280°F, 100 percent of normal rated power
TOT of 1,380°F, 104 percent of normal rated power
Record the following:
Barometric Pressure
Turbine Outlet Temperature
Engine Torque

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MIL-PRF-85704C
APPENDIX B
ENGINE RUNNING WASH TEST PROCEDURE

Total Pressure at the Compressor Inlet

Temperature at the Compressor Inlet
Standard temperatures and pressures to ensure satisfactory engine operation

c. Apply 10 grams of contaminant to first stage compressor rotor blades.

d. Motor engine for 20 seconds to disperse the contaminant throughout the compressor
assembly.
e. Repeat steps (c) and (d) with a second application of 10 grams of the dirt mixture.
f. Operate engine at 100 percent rated power for 15 minutes with the anti-ice valve ON.
The anti-ice valve will supply compressor discharge air at 475°F.
g. Shut down engine and remove anti-ice valve. Start the engine and conduct performance
run, recording the performance parameters listed below (fouled compressor assembly).
After running five minutes at each setting, record baseline performance (compressor is
clean) at three specified Turbine Outlet Temperatures (TOT):
TOT of 1,148°F, 75 percent of normal rated power
TOT of 1,280°F, 100 percent of normal rated power
TOT of 1,380°F, 104 percent of normal rated power

Record the following:

Barometric Pressure
Turbine Outlet Temperature
Engine Torque
Total Pressure at the Compressor Inlet
Temperature at the Compressor Inlet
Standard temperatures and pressures to ensure satisfactory engine operation

The engine shall show an approximate 25 percent loss in horsepower.

B.3.4 Cleaning test. Each candidate cleaner is given three successive chances to clean the
contaminant from the compressor assembly. The procedure is performed as follows:

a. Prepare 2.5 liters of the candidate cleaner (1 part cleaner to 4 parts distilled water for type
III, no mixing for type III RTU's) in the pressurizeable delivery canister.
b. With the engine running at ground idle, spray the prepared cleaner into the compressor
inlet until exhausted. The cleaner is delivered from a pressurized canister at a pressure of
75 psi achieving a flow rate of approximately 500 ml/min.
c. Dry out the engine for five minutes by running at 100 percent rated power.
d. Reduce power and begin post-wash performance run. After running five minutes at each
setting, record baseline performance (compressor is clean) at three specified Turbine
Outlet Temperatures (TOT):
TOT of 1,148°F, 75 percent of normal rated power
TOT of 1,280°F, 100 percent of normal rated power
TOT of 1,380°F, 104 percent of normal rated power

Record the following:

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MIL-PRF-85704C
APPENDIX B
ENGINE RUNNING WASH TEST PROCEDURE

Barometric Pressure
Turbine Outlet Temperature
Engine Torque
Total Pressure at the Compressor Inlet
Temperature at the Compressor Inlet
Standard temperatures and pressures to ensure satisfactory engine operation

e. Conduct a second wash cycle by repeating steps (a) through (e) above.
f. Conduct a third wash cycle by repeating steps (a) through (e) above.

B.3.5 Engine inspection and clean-up. Following the third and final cleaning procedure of
the day, the compressor is disassembled for inspection and preparation for the next day’s “clean”
engine performance run. The procedure is as follows:

a. Remove a stator case from the compressor assembly for inspection. Photograph the
condition of the stator case liner and a reference row of stator blades (both front and
rear). In addition photograph the compressor rotor.
b. Reinstall case half and perform a single crankwash with a qualified type II or II RTU
product using the standard procedure contained in Appendix A to maintain engine
horsepower.
c. Remove and hand-clean the stator cases and the rotor using a laboratory-grade soap
solution to remove all traces of the contaminant. Thoroughly hand-rinse the clean parts.
d. Reassemble the engine and conduct four rinse cycles using potable water. Deliver the
water crank-wash style at a flow rate of one quart per 10 seconds while the engine is
being starter cranked for 20 seconds. Allow the starter to cool down for three minutes
before performing the next rinse cycle.
e. Start and run engine at 100 percent rated power for five minutes to dry compressor.

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MIL-PRF-85704C

CONCLUDING MATERIAL

Custodians: Preparing activity:

Army - AV Navy - AS
Navy - AS (Project 6850-1232)
Air Force - 68

Review activities:
Army - MD, MR
DLA – GS

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STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENT IMPROVEMENT PROPOSAL

INSTRUCTIONS
1. The preparing activity must complete blocks 1, 2, 3, and 8. In block 1, both the document number and revision letter should be
given.

2. The submitter of this form must complete blocks 4, 5, 6, and 7.

3. The preparing activity must provide a reply within 30 days from receipt of the form.
NOTE: This form may not be used to request copies of documents, nor to request waivers, or clarification of requirements on
current contracts. Comments submitted on this form do not constitute or imply authorization to waive any portion of the
referenced document(s) or to amend contractual requirements.

1. DOCUMENT NUMBER 2. DOCUMENT DATE (YYMMDD)

I RECOMMEND A CHANGE:
MIL-PRF-85704C 98 JUL 15

3. DOCUMENT TITLE
CLEANING COMPOUND, TURBINE ENGINE GAS PATH
4. NATURE OF CHANGE (Identify paragraph number and include proposed rewrite, if possible. Attach extra sheets as needed.)

5. REASON FOR RECOMMENDATION

6. SUBMITTER

a. NAME (Last, First, Middle Initial) b. ORGANIZATION

c. ADDRESS (Include Zip Code) d. TELEPHONE 7. DATE SUBMITTED

(YYMMDD)
(Include Area Code)
(1) Commercial:

(2) DSN:
(If Applicable)

8. PREPARING ACTIVITY

a. NAME b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include Area Code)

(1) Commercial (2) DSN
(732) 323-2947 624-2947
COMMANDER
NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER
AIRCRAFT DIVISION

c. ADDRESS (Include Zip Code) IF YOU DO NOT RECEIVE A REPLY WITHIN 45 DAYS, CONTACT:
Defense Logistics Agency, DLSC-LM
CODE 414100B120-3 Attn: Carla Jenkins/John Tascher
HIGHWAY 547 8725 John J Kingman Rd, Suite 2533,
LAKEHURST, NJ 08733-5100 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-6221
(703) 767-6874

DD Form 1426, OCT 89 Previous editions are obsolete 198/290