Application of Derivatives in One Shot PDF

12th CBSE 2020 - MATHEMATICS : 9 Days 80/80 Plan
Name of Units Weightage
Inverse Trigonometry ( Ch-2 ) 7th Mar (COMPLETED) 08
Calculus ( Ch- 5,6,7,8,9 ) Ch-5 ( COMPLETED) 8, 9, 10th Mar 35
Probability ( Ch- 13) 10th Mar 08
Vectors and Three Dimensional Geometry ( Ch -10, 11) 11th Mar 14
Linear Programming ( Ch - 12) 12th Mar 05
Relations and Functions ( Ch-1 ) 12th Mar 08
Algebra - Matrices and Determinants ( Chs 3 & 4) 13th Mar 10

Application of Derivatives
TREND for LAST 5 Years
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

(Sample)
Very Short Answer (1 mark) 1Q
Short Answer (2 marks) 2Q 1Q 1Q
Long Answer Type I 1Q 1Q 1Q

(4 marks)
Long Answer Type II 1Q 1Q 1Q 1Q 1Q 1Q

(6 marks)
Derivative as a Rate Measure
Δy
The ratio is average rate of change of ‘y’ with respect to ‘x’
Δx
where Δx represents change in ‘x’

& Δy represents change in ‘y’ dy
represents
Now, if we apply the limit Δx → 0 dx x
0
inst. rate of change of ‘y’

lim Δy dy w.r.t. x, at x = x0
Δx→0 =
Δx dx
12th CBSE: APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES FULL REVISION
Q1. The volume of a cube is increasing at the rate of 9 cm3/s.How fast is
its surface area increasing when the length of an edge is 10 cm?
Class 12th - 4 Marks (CBSE 2017)
SOLUTION
Q2. The total cost C(x) associated with the product of x units of an item is given
by Find the marginal cost when 3 units are
produced, where by marginal cost we mean the instantaneous rate of change of
cost at any level of output.
SOLUTION
TANGENTS AND NORMALS
Tangents
y = f(x) dy
We know that = f ′(x)
dx
P
(x0, y0)
f ′(x0) = Slope of tangent at (x0, y0)
Hence, equation of a tangent at (x0 , y0) is

y – y0 = f ′(x0)(x – x0)
Normals
y = f(x)
Normal is perpendicular to Tangent
P
(x0, y0)
Slope of Normal at (x0, y0) = –1 /f ′(x0)
Hence, the equation of a Normal at (x0 , y0) is

y – y0 = –1 /f ′(x0) (x – x0)
Q3. Find the equations of the tangent and the normal, to the curve
16x2+9y2=145 at the point (x1, y1), where x1=2 and y1>0
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Q4. Find the equation of tangents to the curve y=x3+2x - 4,
which are perpendicular to line x+14y+3=0
SOLUTION
Q5. Find the equation of tangent to curves x = sin 3t, y = cos2t at .
(CBSE 2016 - 4 Marks)

SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Q6. Find the equation of tangent to the curve at the

point, where it cuts the X-axis.
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Q7. Find the equations of tangents to the curve 3x2 - y2 = 8, which passes
through the point .

SOLUTION
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
INCREASING AND DECREASING FUNCTIONS f(x2)
A function f (x) is said to be increasing if f(x1)
x2 > x1 ⇒ f (x2) > f (x1)
A function f (x) is said to be decreasing if x1 x2
x2 > x1 ⇒ f (x2) < f (x1)
A function f (x) is said to be non decreasing if
x2 > x1 ⇒ f (x2) ≥ f (x1)
f(x1) x2
A function f (x) is said to be non increasing if
x1
x2 > x1 ⇒ f(x2) ≤ f(x1) f(x2)
DERIVATIVE
TEST
Let us study a test to check if the function is increasing or decreasing
If function is differentiable then
f ′(x) > 0 ⇒ f is increasing f ′(x) < 0 ⇒ f is decreasing
We need to take care that set of values

for which f ′(x) = 0 do not form an interval.
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Q8. Find the intervals in which the function
is (a) Strictly increasing, (b) Strictly decreasing.

(CBSE 2018 - 4 marks)
SOLUTION
Q9. Find the values(s) of x for which y= [x(x-2)]2 is an increasing function.

SOLUTION
Q10. Prove that is an increasing function of θ on

SOLUTION
SOLUTION
MAXIMA AND MINIMA

MAXIMA AND MINIMA
Q11. Show that the surface area of a closed cuboid with square
base and given volume is minimum, when is a cube.

SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Show that the altitude of the right circular cone of maximum volume that can be
Q12.inscribed in a sphere of radius r is . Also show that the maximum volume of the
cone is of the volume of the sphere.
CBSE 2014
Show that the altitude of the right circular cone of maximum volume that can be
inscribed in a sphere of radius r is . Also show that the maximum volume of the
cone is of the volume of the sphere.
CBSE 2014
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Q13. If the length of three sides of a trapezium other than the base are
each equal to 10 cm, then find the area of the trapezium, when it is
maximum.
(CBSE 2014, 2010 - 6 Marks)
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Q14. A manufacturer can sell x items at a price of Rs each.The cost of x

items is Rs .Find the number of items he should sell to reach maximum
profit.

SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Errors and Approximations
Approximation is, knowing the value of a function at one point and using it to
decide the value of the function at another point.
E.g. We know the value of f(2) And we approximate the value of f(2.001)
Error: If error in x is Δx, and y is a function of x, what will be the error in y ?

Results
Δy dy
We know, if Δx → 0, then the quantity =
Δx dx
However, if Δx is small, then Δy dy f(a + h) – f(a)
≈ f ′ (a) =
Δx dx h
dy
1) Δy ≈ ×Δx
dx Smaller the magnitude of Δx , better is the
approximation
2) f(a + h) = f(a) + h.f ′(a)

It is used to find f(a + h);
knowing f(a) and f ′(a)
Some definitions
If Absolute Error in x = Δx
Δx
Relative Error in x =
x
Δx
Percentage Error in x = x × 100
Q15. Using differentials, find the appropriate value of (3.968)3/2 .

SOLUTION
Q16. Using differentials, find approximate value of .
(CBSE Delhi 2012 - 4 marks)

SOLUTION
SOLUTION
MEAN VALUE THEOREMS
LMVT-Lagrange mean value Theorem
If a function f(x) satisfies
1) f(x) is continuous in [a ,b]
2) f(x) is differentiable in (a ,b)
Average rate of change
then ∃ c ∈ (a , b) f(b) – f(a) over the interval
f ′(c) =
s.t. b–a
Becomes equal to instantaneous rate of change at some

point inside the interval
LMVT-Lagrange mean value Theorem
B Consider a chord joining A and B

(b, f(b))
A
(a, f (a))
c ∈(a,b)
c f(b) – f(a)
f ′(c) =
b–a
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Rolle’s Theorem
C
If y = f (x) is a function which is
A B
1. Continuous in the interval [a, b]
(a, f (a)) (b, f(b))
2. Differentiable in interval (a, b)
3. f (a) = f (b)
Then, there exists at least one c∈ (a , b)

such that f ′(c) = 0.
There may be more than one such value of ‘c’
Example
Rolle’s theorem says atleast
one ‘c’ where f ′(c) = 0
c1 c3
A B
c2
Q1. Verify Rolle's theorem for the function
Q2. Verify Rolle's theorem for the following functions on indicated
intervals,
Q3. Verify Lagrange's mean value theorem for the following functions
on the indicated intervals. Also, find a point 'c' in the indicated
interval as stated by the Lagrange's mean value theorem:
Q. Find the area of the greatest rectangle that can be inscribed in an

ellipse

SOLUTION
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
8th Jan 2020-(Shift 1)
8th Jan 2020-(Shift 1)
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12th CBSE 2020 - MATHEMATICS : 9 Days 80/80 Plan

Name of Units Weightage

Inverse Trigonometry ( Ch-2 ) 7th Mar (COMPLETED) 08

Calculus ( Ch- 5,6,7,8,9 ) Ch-5 ( COMPLETED) 8, 9, 10th Mar 35

Probability ( Ch- 13) 10th Mar 08

Vectors and Three Dimensional Geometry ( Ch -10, 11) 11th Mar 14

Linear Programming ( Ch - 12) 12th Mar 05

Relations and Functions ( Ch-1 ) 12th Mar 08

Algebra - Matrices and Determinants ( Chs 3 & 4) 13th Mar 10

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Very Short Answer (1 mark) 1Q

Short Answer (2 marks) 2Q 1Q 1Q

Long Answer Type I 1Q 1Q 1Q

Long Answer Type II 1Q 1Q 1Q 1Q 1Q 1Q

where Δx represents change in ‘x’

inst. rate of change of ‘y’

f ′(x0) = Slope of tangent at (x0, y0)

Hence, equation of a tangent at (x0 , y0) is

Slope of Normal at (x0, y0) = –1 /f ′(x0)

Hence, the equation of a Normal at (x0 , y0) is

(CBSE 2016 - 4 Marks)

Q6. Find the equation of tangent to the curve at the

(CBSE 2013 - 4 Marks)

We need to take care that set of values

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is (a) Strictly increasing, (b) Strictly decreasing.

Q9. Find the values(s) of x for which y= [x(x-2)]2 is an increasing function.

(CBSE 2014 - 4 marks)

Q10. Prove that is an increasing function of θ on

(CBSE 2016 - 4 marks)

MAXIMA AND MINIMA

(CBSE 2017 - 4 marks)

Q14. A manufacturer can sell x items at a price of Rs each.The cost of x

(CBSE 2009 - 6 Marks)

Error: If error in x is Δx, and y is a function of x, what will be the error in y ?

2) f(a + h) = f(a) + h.f ′(a)

Q15. Using diﬀerentials, ﬁnd the appropriate value of (3.968)3/2 .

(CBSE 2014 - 4 Marks)

(CBSE Delhi 2012 - 4 marks)

Becomes equal to instantaneous rate of change at some

B Consider a chord joining A and B

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➔ Previous Paper Analysis

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Use Coupon Code: NAGCC

Visit the link Step-1:

Then, there exists at least one c∈ (a , b)

Q. Find the area of the greatest rectangle that can be inscribed in an

(CBSE 2013 - 6 Marks)

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