Cthulhu

Cthulhu is a fictional cosmic entity created by writer H. P.

Lovecraft and first introduced in the short story "The Call of
Cthulhu
Cthulhu",[2] published in the American pulp magazine Weird Tales Cthulhu Mythos character
in 1928. Considered a Great Old One within the pantheon of
Lovecraftian cosmic entities, the creature has since been featured in
numerous popular culture references. Lovecraft depicts it as a
gigantic entity worshipped by cultists, in shape like an octopus, a
dragon, and a caricature of human form. Its name was given to the
Lovecraft-inspired universe where it and its fellow entities existed,
the Cthulhu Mythos.

Contents
Etymology, spelling, and pronunciation
Description
Publication history
Legacy
Artist depiction
Games
Politics First "The Call of Cthulhu"
Religion appearance (1928)

Science Created by H. P. Lovecraft

Film and TV Information
Music Species Great Old One
Theater
Title High Priest of the
References Great Old Ones
Further reading The Great Dreame
External links The Sleeper of R'lyeh
Family Azathoth (great-great-
Etymology, spelling, and pronunciation grandfather)
Cthaeghya (half-
Invented by Lovecraft in 1928, the name Cthulhu was probably sister)
chosen to echo the word chthonic (Classical Greek "of the earth"), as Nctosa and Nctolhu
apparently suggested by Lovecraft himself at the end of his 1923 tale (twin daughters)
"The Rats in the Walls".[3]
Yog-Sothoth
Lovecraft transcribed the pronunciation of Cthulhu as Khlûl′-hloo (grandfather)
and said that "the first syllable pronounced gutturally and very Shub-Niggurath
thickly. The u is about like that in full; and the first syllable is not (grandmother)
unlike klul in sound, hence the h represents the guttural thickness."[4]
Nug (parent)[1]
(See the discussion linked below.) S. T. Joshi points out, however,
that Lovecraft gave several differing pronunciations on different
occasions.[5] According to Lovecraft, this is merely the closest that the human vocal apparatus can come to
reproducing the syllables of an alien language.[6] Cthulhu has also been spelled in many other ways,
including Tulu, Katulu and Kutulu.[7] The name is often preceded by the epithet Great, Dead, or Dread.

Long after Lovecraft's death, the spelling pronunciation /kəˈθuːluː/[8] became common. Others use the
pronunciation Katulu/Kutulu /kəˈtuːluː/.[9]

Description
In "The Call of Cthulhu", H. P. Lovecraft describes a statue of Cthulhu as "A monster of vaguely anthropoid
outline, but with an octopus-like head whose face was a mass of feelers, a scaly, rubbery-looking body,
prodigious claws on hind and fore feet, and long, narrow wings behind."[10] Cthulhu is said to resemble an
octopus, a dragon and a human caricature, hundreds of meters tall, with webbed human-looking arms and
legs and a pair of rudimentary wings on its back.[10] Its head is depicted as similar to the entirety of a
gigantic octopus, with an unknown number of tentacles surrounding its supposed mouth.

Publication history
The short story that first mentions Cthulhu, "The Call of Cthulhu",
was published in Weird Tales in 1928 and established the character
as a malevolent entity, hibernating within R'lyeh, an underwater city
in the South Pacific. The imprisoned Cthulhu is apparently the
source of constant subconscious anxiety for all mankind, and is also
the object of worship, both by a number of human cults (including in
New Zealand, Greenland, Louisiana, and the Chinese mountains)
and by other Lovecraftian monsters (called Deep Ones[11] and Mi-
Go[12]). The short story asserts the premise that, while currently
trapped, Cthulhu will eventually return. His worshippers chant
"Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn " ("In his
house at R'lyeh, dead Cthulhu waits dreaming.").[10]

Lovecraft conceived a detailed genealogy for Cthulhu (published as

"Letter 617" in Selected Letters)[1] and made the character a central
"To R.H. Barlow, Esq., whose
reference in his works.[13] The short story "The Dunwich Horror" sculpture hath given immortality to
(1928)[14] refers to Cthulhu, while "The Whisperer in Darkness" this trivial design of his obliged
(1930) hints that one of his characters knows the creature's origins obedient servant, H.P. Lovecraft".
("I learned whence Cthulhu first came, and why half the great
temporary stars of history had flared forth.").[12] The 1931 novella
At the Mountains of Madness refers to the "star-spawn of Cthulhu", who warred with another race called the
Elder Things before the dawn of man.[15]

August Derleth, a correspondent of Lovecraft, used the creature's name to identify the system of lore
employed by Lovecraft and his literary successors: the Cthulhu Mythos. In 1937, Derleth wrote the short
story "The Return of Hastur", and proposed two groups of opposed cosmic entities:

the Old or Ancient Ones, the Elder Gods, of cosmic good, and those of cosmic evil, bearing
many names, and themselves of different groups, as if associated with the elements and yet
transcending them: for there are the Water Beings, hidden in the depths; those of Air that are
the primal lurkers beyond time; those of Earth, horrible animate survivors of distant
eons.[16]:256
According to Derleth's scheme, "Great Cthulhu is one of the Water Elementals" and was engaged in an age-
old arch-rivalry with a designated air elemental, Hastur the Unspeakable, described as Cthulhu's "half-
brother".[16]:256, 266 Based on this framework, Derleth wrote a series of short stories published in Weird
Tales (1944–1952) and collected as The Trail of Cthulhu, depicting the struggle of a Dr. Laban Shrewsbury
and his associates against Cthulhu and his minions.

Derleth's interpretations have been criticized by Lovecraft enthusiast Michel Houellebecq, among others.
Houellebecq's H. P. Lovecraft: Against the World, Against Life (2005) decries Derleth for attempting to
reshape Lovecraft's strictly amoral continuity into a stereotypical conflict between forces of objective good
and evil.[17]

In John Glasby's "A Shadow from the Aeons", Cthulhu is seen by the narrator roaming the riverbank near
Dominic Waldron's castle, and roaring. The god appears totally different from its depiction by other authors.

The character's influence also extended into gaming literature: games company TSR included an entire
chapter on the Cthulhu mythos (including statistics for the character) in the first printing of Dungeons &
Dragons sourcebook Deities & Demigods (1980). TSR, however, were unaware that Arkham House, which
asserted copyright on almost all Lovecraft literature, had already licensed the Cthulhu property to the game
company Chaosium. Although Chaosium stipulated that TSR could continue to use the material if each
future edition featured a published credit to Chaosium, TSR refused and the material was removed from all
subsequent editions.[18]

Legacy

Games

In 1981, Chaosium released their role-playing game Call of Cthulhu. It has now reached its 7th edition with
a large amount of supplementary material also available, and has won several major gaming awards. In 1987
Chaosium published the co-operative adventure board game Arkham Horror, based on the same
background, which has since been reissued by other publishers.

In 2006, Bethesda Softworks, Ubisoft, and 2K Games jointly published a game by Headfirst Productions,
Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth, based on the works of Lovecraft. Cthulhu himself does not
appear, as the main antagonists of the game are the Deep Ones from The Shadow Over Innsmouth, and the
sea god Dagon, but his presence is alluded to several times, and viewing a statue of him in one of the
temples will undermine the player's sanity. Also, one of Cthulhu's Star Spawn, of similar hideous
appearance, appears as a late-game enemy.[19]

On March 19, 2007, Steve Jackson Games released an iteration of their card game Munchkin called
Munchkin Cthulhu.[20] The game presents Cthulhu and its surrounding mythos with a cartoon art style and
comedic tone, heavily playing upon themes of madness and cultism. Great Cthulhu features as a standalone
monster in the deck, alongside various parodies of Lovecraft's creatures.[21] Cthulhu is depicted as an
overweight, bright green creature with a large, bulbous head, and a pair of disproportionately small
wings.[22]

Cthulhu appears as the main inspiration for Call of Duty: Black Ops 3 Zombies.

The massively multiplayer online role-playing game World of Warcraft has numerous references to Cthulhu
and the Mythos, with one of the game's "Old Gods" named N'Zoth resting in a sunken city.[23]
Terraria (2011) refers to Cthulhu in three boss fights: Eye of Cthulhu (a yo-yo), Brain of Cthulhu, and Moon
Lord, implied to be Cthulhu himself; the Fish of Cthulhu also appears.

In 2016, Z-Man Games released an alternate version of the board game Pandemic. This new adaptation,
Pandemic: Reign of Cthulhu, is set in the Cthulhu Mythos and explorers race to save the world before
Cthulhu returns.[24]

In 2018, a survival horror role-playing video game called Call of Cthulhu: The Official Video Game was
developed for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Windows PC.

Politics

Cthulhu has appeared as a parody candidate in several elections,

including the 2010 Polish presidential election as well as the 2012
and 2016 US presidential elections.[25][26] The faux campaigns
usually satirize voters who claim to vote for the "lesser evil". In
2016 the Troll account known as "The Dark Lord Cthulhu"
submitted an official application to be on the Massachusetts
Presidential Ballot. The account also raised over $4000 from fans to
fund the campaign through a gofundme.com page. Gofundme
removed the campaign page and refunded contributions. The Poster from the 2010 Polish
Cthulhu Party[27] (UK), another pseudo-political organisation, claim presidential election. The caption
to be 'Changing Politics for Evil', parodying the Brexit Party's translates as "Choose the greater
'Changing Politics for Good'; a member of The Cthulhu Party holds evil. Vote Cthulhu."
the position of Mayor of Blists Hill. Another organisation, Cthulhu
for America[28] claim they want to run against Donald Trump in the
2020 elections to provide an alternative to 'the lesser of two evils'.

Religion

The Cthulhu's Witnesses[29] are a registered religion in the United States, although the majority of their
activity is in the UK. They meet a number of times per year to show their 'devotion' to Cthulhu.

Science

The Californian spider species Pimoa cthulhu, described by Gustavo Hormiga in 1994,[30] and the New
Guinea moth species Speiredonia cthulhui, described by Alberto Zilli and Jeremy D. Holloway in 2005,[31]
are named after Cthulhu.

Two microorganisms that assist in the digestion of wood by termites have been named after Cthulhu and
Cthulhu's "daughter" Cthylla: Cthulhu macrofasciculumque and Cthylla microfasciculumque.[32]

In 2014, science and technology scholar Donna Haraway gave a talk entitled "Anthropocene, Capitalocene,
Chthulucene: Staying with the Trouble", in which she proposed the term "Chthulucene" as an alternative for
the concept of the Anthropocene era, due to the entangling interconnectedness of all supposedly individual
beings.[33] Haraway has denied any indebtedness to Lovecraft's Cthulhu, claiming that her "chthulu" is
derived from Greek khthonios, "of the earth".[34] However, the Lovecraft character is much closer to her
coined term than the Greek root, and her description of its meaning coincides with Lovecraft's idea of the
apocalyptic, multi-tentacled the threat of Cthulhu to collapse civilization into an endless dark horror:
"Chthulucene does not close in on itself; it does not round off; its contact zones are ubiquitous and
continuously spin out loopy tendrils."[35]

In 2015, an elongated, dark region along the equator of Pluto, initially referred to as "the Whale", was
proposed to be named "Cthulhu Regio", by the NASA team responsible for the New Horizons mission.[36] It
is now known as "Cthulhu Macula".[37][38]

In April 2019, Imran A. Rahman and a team announced in Proceedings of the Royal Society B the discovery
of Sollasina cthulhu, an extinct member of the ophiocistioids group.[39]

Film and TV

Several films and television programs feature the threat of Cthulhu returning to dominate the Universe. A
notable example is three episodes of the adult cartoon series South Park in which Eric Cartman turns out to
be so irredeemably evil that he is able to tame Cthulhu and direct him to annihilate personal enemies.[40] In
those episodes ("Coon 2: Hindsight", "Mysterion Rises", and "Coon vs. Coon & Friends") Cthulhu is
faithfully represented as the monstrous tentacle-mouthed god-like being Lovecraft describes.[40] Also,
Supernatural devoted "Let It Bleed" (episode 21 of season 6) to a Lovecraft-inspired plot, with teen
character Ben even shown reading a graphic novel entitled Cthulhu Tales right before he is kidnapped by
demons who are crafting an evil empire and working to put Purgatory under their control. In the popular
adult animated science-fiction sitcom Rick and Morty, a depiction of Cthulhu can be seen in the opening
sequence, immediately prior to the title card.[41] In Cartoon Network's animated show The Grim Adventures
of Billy and Mandy, Cthulhu has a dedicated double-length episode called "Prank Call of Cthulhu". Cthulhu
also made a short appearance at the beginning of The Simpsons episode "Treehouse of Horror XXIX".

In season 2 episodes 18 and 19 of Gravity Falls, Cthulhu is briefly seen destroying a giant ear with a mouth-
laser and then walking, respectively.[42][43]

On October 27, 1987, Cthulhu appeared in season 2 episode 28 of The Real Ghostbusters animated cartoon
entitled "The Collect Call of Cathulhu", in which the Ghostbusters went up against the Spawn, and Cult, of
Cthulhu.[44]

Cthulhu is featured in Arcana Studio's Howard Lovecraft animated trilogy beginning with Howard Lovecraft
and the Frozen Kingdom, and ending with the upcoming Kingdom of Madness.[45][46]

The Call of Cthulhu is a 2005 independent silent-film adaptation of the eponymous short story, produced by
Sean Branney and Andrew Leman.

Cthulhu (2007 film)

The creatures in the 2018 Netflix film Bird Box are strongly implied to be related to Cthulhu.

Cthulhu appears in season 4 episode 7 of The Venture Bros., battling The Order of the Triad.

Cthulhu appears in season 2 episode 14 of Night Gallery, Professor Peabody's Last Lecture.

Cthulhu appears in the climax of the film Underwater, worshipped by a civilisation of underwater
humanoids.[47]

Music
Heavy metal band Metallica reference Cthulhu in the song "Dream No More" from their 2016 album
Hardwired... To Self-Destruct,[48] as well as on the 1984 album Ride the Lightning with the instrumental
track "The Call of Ktulu", inspired by H. P. Lovecraft's novella The Shadow over Innsmouth, which was
introduced to the rest of the band by Cliff Burton,[49] and on the 1986 album Master of Puppets with the
song "The Thing That Should Not Be" (whose lyrics are inspired by The Shadow over Innsmouth and
contain partial quotes from "The Call of Cthulhu").[50]

The fifth studio album by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5 features the song "Cthulu Sleeps".

American Metal band The Acacia Strain features a song titled "Cthulhu" on their album "Continent"

The second album of British steampunk band The Men That Will Not Be Blamed for Nothing features the
song "Margate Fhtagn". The song describes the band's meeting with Cthulhu while on holiday in
Margate.[51]

English extreme metal band Cradle of Filth's fourth album, Midian, features a song titled "Cthulhu
Dawn",[52] although the lyrics seem to have nothing to do with Lovecraft's sea-monster.

The song "Last Exit for the Lost" by British gothic rock band Fields of the Nephilim references Cthulhu (or
'Kthulhu' as it is spelled on the album's inner sleeve).[53]

The British progressive rock band CARAVAN released the song "C'Thlu Thlu" on the album For Girls Who
Grow Plump in the Night (1973).

The penultimate track on the 2011 self-titled debut album by New Zealand sludge metal band Beastwars is
titled "Cthulhu".

The album "Stairway To Valhalla" by Nanowar of Steel features a song titled "The Call of Cthulhu".

Theater

The story was adapted for the stage by Oregon-based theater company Puppeteers for Fears, who performed
"The Call of Cthulhu," as Cthulhu: the Musical! a feature-length rock and roll musical comedy performed
with puppets. The script and songs were written by playwright Josh Gross,[54] and after a successful run in
Ashland, Oregon, the production toured the west coast in 2018, including a sold-out run at the Hollywood
Fringe Festival. Of the show, The Portland Mercury wrote, "You haven't truly experienced Lovecraft's
madness until you've experienced it in its truest form: As a puppet musical."[55]

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Further reading
Bloch, Robert (1982). "Heritage of Horror". The Best of H. P. Lovecraft: Bloodcurdling Tales of
Horror and the Macabre (1st ed.). Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-35080-4.
Burleson, Donald R. (1983). H. P. Lovecraft, A Critical Study. Westport, CT / London, England:
Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-23255-5.
Burnett, Cathy (1996). Spectrum No. 3:The Best in Contemporary Fantastic Art. Nevada City,
CA, 95959 USA: Underwood Books. ISBN 1-887424-10-5.
Harms, Daniel (1998). "Cthulhu". The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana (2nd ed.). Oakland, CA:
Chaosium. pp. 64&nbsp, – 7. ISBN 1568821190.
"Idh-yaa", p. 148. Ibid.
"Star-spawn of Cthulhu", pp. 283 – 4. Ibid.
Joshi, S. T.; Schultz, David E. (2001). An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia. Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313315787.
Lovecraft, Howard P. (1999) [1928]. "The Call of Cthulhu" (https://web.archive.org/web/200911
26181650/http://www.mythostomes.com/content/view/30/92/). In S. T. Joshi (ed.). The Call of
Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories. London, UK; New York, NY: Penguin Books. Archived from
the original (http://www.mythostomes.com/content/view/30/92/) on November 26, 2009.
Lovecraft, Howard P. (1968). Selected Letters II. Sauk City, WI: Arkham House.
ISBN 0870540297.
Lovecraft, Howard P. (1976). Selected Letters V. Sauk City, WI: Arkham House.
ISBN 087054036X.
Marsh, Philip. R'lyehian as a Toy Language – on psycholinguistics. Lehigh Acres, FL 33970-
0085 USA: Philip Marsh.
Mosig, Yozan Dirk W. (1997). Mosig at Last: A Psychologist Looks at H. P. Lovecraft (1st ed.).
West Warwick, RI: Necronomicon Press. ISBN 0940884909.
Pearsall, Anthony B. (2005). The Lovecraft Lexicon (1st ed.). Tempe, AZ: New Falcon Pub.
ISBN 1561841293.
"Other Lovecraftian Products" (http://www.hplovecraft.com/popcult/other.asp), The H.P.
Lovecraft Archive

External links
Cthulhu Lives, the Lovecraft Historical Society (https://web.archive.org/web/20071101063857/
http://www.cthulhulives.org/toc.html)
The Dunwich Horror (https://librivox.org/search?title=The+Dunwich+Horror&author=LOVEC
RAFT&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=
&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced) public domain audiobook
at LibriVox
"CthulhuWiki" (http://www.yog-sothoth.com/wiki/index.php/Main_Page). www.yog-sothoth.com.
Retrieved 24 October 2016.
"Cthulhu - CthulhuWiki" (http://www.yog-sothoth.com/wiki/index.php/Cthulhu). www.yog-
sothoth.com. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
 [2] (https://www.quora.com/How-do-you-pronounce-Cthulhu/answer/Andrew-Bayles) An online
discussion on how Lovecraft may have intended 'Cthulhu' to be pronounced.

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