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    What Is Education System

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    Nadeem Kiani
    The education system of Pakistan faces several major problems that hinder development. These include a lack of proper planning to achieve international education goals, social and cultural constraints that limit education access especially for girls, high costs that make education inaccessible, security issues from terrorism, insufficient education funding, and lack of emphasis on technical education. Proposed solutions include strengthening implementation of education policies and vision, introducing a uniform curriculum, expanding access to rural areas, improving existing schools, increasing vocational training, and developing regional cooperation to promote literacy.

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    What Is Education System

    Uploaded by

    Nadeem Kiani
    170 views4 pages
    The education system of Pakistan faces several major problems that hinder development. These include a lack of proper planning to achieve international education goals, social and cultural constraints that limit education access especially for girls, high costs that make education inaccessible, security issues from terrorism, insufficient education funding, and lack of emphasis on technical education. Proposed solutions include strengthening implementation of education policies and vision, introducing a uniform curriculum, expanding access to rural areas, improving existing schools, increasing vocational training, and developing regional cooperation to promote literacy.

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    What is Education System

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    The education system of Pakistan faces several major problems that hinder development. These include a lack of proper planning to achieve international education goals, social and cultural constraints that limit education access especially for girls, high costs that make education inaccessible, security issues from terrorism, insufficient education funding, and lack of emphasis on technical education. Proposed solutions include strengthening implementation of education policies and vision, introducing a uniform curriculum, expanding access to rural areas, improving existing schools, increasing vocational training, and developing regional cooperation to promote literacy.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    170 views4 pages

    What Is Education System

    Uploaded by

    Nadeem Kiani
    The education system of Pakistan faces several major problems that hinder development. These include a lack of proper planning to achieve international education goals, social and cultural constraints that limit education access especially for girls, high costs that make education inaccessible, security issues from terrorism, insufficient education funding, and lack of emphasis on technical education. Proposed solutions include strengthening implementation of education policies and vision, introducing a uniform curriculum, expanding access to rural areas, improving existing schools, increasing vocational training, and developing regional cooperation to promote literacy.

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    What is Education System?

    The system of education includes all institutions that are involved in delivering formal
    education (public and private, for-profit and nonprofit, onsite or virtual instruction) and
    their faculties, students, physical infrastructure, resources and rules. In a broader
    definition the system also includes the institutions that are directly involved in financing,
    managing, operating or regulating such institutions (like government ministries and
    regulatory bodies, central testing organizations, textbook boards and accreditation
    boards). The rules and regulations that guide the individual and institutional interactions
    within the set up are also part of the education system.

     Education system of Pakistan:

    The education system of Pakistan is comprised of 260,903 institutions and is facilitating


    41,018,384 students with the help of 1,535,461 teachers. The system includes 180,846
    public institutions and 80,057 private institutions. Hence 31% educational institutes are
    run by private sector while 69% are public institutes.

    Problems: The issues lead to the comprehension of the problems which are faced in
    the development of education system and promotion of literacy. The study outlines seven
    major problems such as:

    1)      Lack of Proper Planning: Pakistan is a signatory to MDGs and EFA goals.


    However it seems that it will not be able to achieve these international commitments
    because of financial management issues and constraints to achieve the MDGs and EFA
    goals.

    2)      Social constraints: It is important to realize that the problems which hinder the
    provision of education are not just due to issues of management by government but some
    of them are deeply rooted in the social and cultural orientation of the people. Overcoming
    the latter is difficult and would require a change in attitude of the people, until then
    universal primary education is difficult to achieve.

    3)      Gender gap: Major factors that hinder enrolment rates of girls include poverty,
    cultural constraints, illiteracy of parents and parental concerns about safety and mobility
    of their daughters. Society’s emphasis on girl’s modesty, protection and early marriages
    may limit family’s willingness to send them to school. Enrolment of rural girls is 45%
    lower than that of urban girls; while for boys the difference is 10% only, showing that
    gender gap is an important factor.

    4)      Cost of education: The economic cost is higher in private schools, but these


    are located in richer settlements only. The paradox is that private schools are better but
    not everywhere and government schools ensure equitable access but do not provide
    quality education.

    5)      War on Terror: Pakistan’s engagement in war against terrorism also affected


    the promotion of literacy campaign. The militants targeted schools and students; several
    educational institutions were blown up, teachers and students were killed in Balochistan,
    KPK and FATA. This may have to contribute not as much as other factors, but this
    remains an important factor.

    6)      Funds for Education: Pakistan spends 2.4% GDP on education. At national


    level, 89% education expenditure comprises of current expenses such as teachers’
    salaries, while only 11% comprises of development expenditure which is not sufficient to
    raise quality of education.

    7)      Technical Education: Sufficient attention has not been paid to the technical


    and vocational education in Pakistan. The number of technical and vocational training
    institutes is not sufficient and many are deprived of infrastructure, teachers and tools for
    training. The population of a state is one of the main elements of its national power. It
    can become an asset once it is skilled. Unskilled population means more jobless people in
    the country, which affects the national development negatively. Therefore, technical
    education needs priority handling by the government.

    Poverty, law and order situation, natural disasters, budgetary constraints, lack of access,
    poor quality, equity, and governance have also contributed in less enrolments.

    An analysis of the issues and problems suggest that:

    The official data shows the allocation of funds for educational projects but there is no
    mechanism which ensures the proper expenditure of those funds on education.
     The existing infrastructure is not being properly utilized in several parts of the
    country.
     There are various challenges that include expertise, institutional and capacity
    issues, forging national cohesion, uniform standards for textbook development, and
    quality assurance.
     The faculty hiring process is historically known to be politicized. It is because of
    this that the quality of teaching suffers and even more so when low investments are
    made in teachers’ training. As a result teachers are not regular and their time at school
    is not as productive as it would be with a well-trained teacher.
     Inside schools there are challenges which include shortage of teachers, teacher
    absenteeism, missing basic facilities and lack of friendly environment.
     Out of school challenges include shortage of schools, distance – especially for
    females, insecurity, poverty, cultural norms, parents are reluctant or parents lack
    awareness.

     Solutions:

    There is a need for implementation of national education policy and vision 2030
    education goals. An analysis of education policy suggests that at the policy level there are
    several admirable ideas, but practically there are some shortcomings also.It may not be
    possible for the government at the moment to implement uniform education system in the
    country, but a uniform curriculum can be introduced in educational institutes of the
    country. This will provide equal opportunity to the students of rural areas to compete
    with students of urban areas in the job market.Since majority of Pakistani population
    resides in rural areas and the access to education is a major problem for them, it seems
    feasible that a balanced approach for formal and informal education be adopted.
    Government as well as non-government sector should work together to promote
    education in rural areas.The government should take measures to get school buildings
    vacated which are occupied by feudal lords of Sindh, Balochistan and Punjab. Efforts
    should be made to ensure that proper education is provided in those schools.The federal
    government is paying attention to the vocational and technical training, but it is important
    to make the already existing vocational and technical training centres more efficient so
    that skilled youth could be produced.Since education is a provincial subject, the
    provincial education secretariats need to be strengthened. Special policy planning units
    should be established in provinces’ education departments for implementation of
    educational policies and formulation of new policies whenever needed. The provincial
    education departments need to work out financial resources required for realising the
    compliance of Article 25-A.Federal Government should play a supportive role vis-à-vis
    the provinces for the early compliance of the constitutional obligation laid down in
    Article 25-A. Special grants can be provided to the provinces where the literacy rate is
    low.Pakistan is not the only country which is facing challenges regarding promotion of
    literacy and meeting EFA and MDGs commitments. Education remains a subject which
    is paid least attention in the whole South Asian region. UNDP report 2014 suggests that
    there has been an improvement in other elements of human development such as life
    expectancy, per capita income and human development index value (in past 3 years); but
    there has been no progress in the number of schooling years. The expected average for
    years of schooling in 2010 was 10.6 years but the actual average of schooling remained
    4.7 for all South Asian countries. In the year 2013 the expected average of number of
    years increased to 11.2 but the actual average of years of schooling of South Asian
    countries remained 4.7. Regional cooperation mechanism can also be developed to
    promote literacy in South Asian region. Sharing success stories, making country-specific
    modifications and their implementation can generate positive results.

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