SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL

Roxas Blvd., San Carlos City, Pangasinan

MAPEH 9 – Arts
Third Quarter

Arts of the Neoclassic & Romantic Period

Neoclassicism and Romanticism were the movements after Rococo movement that flourished across Western Europe and
United States which spanned approximately at the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

NEOCLASSICISM (1740-1840)

The word “neoclassic” comes from the Greek word “neos” meaning “new” and the Latin word “classicus” which is similar in
meaning to the English phrase “first class.”
Neoclassicism is the name given to the Western movements in the decorative and visual arts. Also, it applies to literature,
theater, music, and architecture that draw inspiration from the classical art and culture of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome
The Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18th century Age of Reason also known as Age of Enlightenment. The art style
was brought about by the renewed interest for Greek and Roman classics.
Neoclassical art pieces such as paintings, sculpture and architecture generally portrayed Roman history which elevated the
Roman heroes.
Characteristics:
 rebirth of Roman history
 formal composition
 the use of diagonals show the apex of emotion/moment (versus a regular moment)
 local color
 overall lighting
 classic geo-structure

Neoclassicism: Classicism:
This is the revived interest in classical ideals and forms that This is the period in which Greek and Roman principles and
influenced European and American society through thought, styles were reflected in society.
politics and fine arts during the 18th and 19th century. It refers
to the art forms created after but inspired by ancient time. This
period is derived from the Classicism movement.

Be careful in interchanging the two terms. Classicism refers to the art with produced in antiquity or inspired by it afterward, while
Neoclassicism always refers to the art inspired by ancient times, but created later.

NEOCLASSICAL PAINTING
Neoclassical artists embraced the ideals of order and moderation in which artistic interpretations of classic Greek and Roman
history were restored to realistic portrayals. Neoclassical painters give great importance about the costumes, settings and details of
classical subject-matter without adding distracting details but with as much historical accuracy as possible.

JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID
Jacques-Louis David is an influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, and considered to be the
pre-eminent painter of the era. His subjects of paintings are more on history.
SELF-PORTRAIT OF
JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID

NAPOLEON CROSSING THE ALPS OATH OF HORATTI

THE DEATH OF MARAT It is a large painting that depicts a scene from a Roman legend
This is the painting that shows a strongly
David’s masterpiece that show portrayal about a dispute between Rome and Alba Longa. The three
idealized view of the real crossing that
of a revolutionary martyr. This is a painting brothers, all of whom appear willing to sacrifice their lives for the
Napoleon and his army made across the Alps
of the murdered French revolutionary good of Rome, are shown saluting their father who holds their
through the Great St. Bernard Pass in May
leader Jean-Paul Marat. swords out for them.
1800.
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Blvd., San Carlos City, Pangasinan
MAPEH 9 – Arts
Third Quarter
JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES
Ingres was a pupil of Jacques-Louis David. He was influenced by Italian Renaissance painters like Raphael,
Nicolas Pousin, Botticelli, and his mentor, Jacques-Louis David. His paintings were usually nudes, portraits, and
mythological themes. He was regarded as one of the great exemplars of academic art and one of the finest Old
Masters of his era. SELF-PORTRAIT OF
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

PORTRAIT OF NAPOLÉON THE APOTHEOSIS OF

ON THE IMPERIAL THRONE HOMER

This painting depicts Napoleon in This painting was a state

his decadent coronation costume, commission by Charles X
seated upon his golden-encrusted to have himself
throne, hand resting upon smooth remembered in the
ivory balls. During his reign, this building works of the
painting was owned by the Corps Louvre. The painting
Legislatif which was a part of the depicts an image of
French Legislature. The painting is Homer, receiving all of the
believed to be commissioned by brilliant men of Rome,
Napoleon as King of Italy. Greece, and contemporary
times.

NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTURES
The Neoclassical period was one of the great ages of public sculpture. Artists looked to Roman styles during the time of
Alexander the Great for inspiration as well as to mimic their style.

ANTONIO CANOVA
Canova was a prolific Italian sculptor who became famous for
his marble sculptures that delicately rendered nude flesh. He opened
the idea for portraying discrete sexual pleasures by using pure
contours with his mythological compositions.
a. PSYCHE AWAKENED BY CUPID’S KISS (A marble
sculpture portraying the relationship of Psyche and Cupid)
b. WASHINGTON

BERTHEL THORVALDSEN
Thorvaldsen was the first internationally acclaimed Danish artist.
He executed sculptures of mythological characters.
a. CHRIST (A marble sculpture image of resurrected Christ
currently located at Thorvaldsen Museum)
b. LION OF LUCERNE (A sculpture of a dying lion in Lucerne,
Switzerland that commemorates the Swiss guards who were
massacred in 1972 during the French Revolution)
b
a

NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
Neoclassical architecture is a style that started in the mid-18th century. It turns away from the grandeur of Rococo style and
the Late Baroque. In its purest form, Neoclassical architecture is a style principally derived from the architecture of Classical Greece
and Rome and the architecture of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio.

A. TEMPLE STYLE
Temple style building features a design based on an ancient temple. These buildings were uncommon during the
Renaissance; architects of that period focused mainly on applying classical elements to churches and modern buildings like
palazzos and villas. Many temple style buildings feature a peristyle (a continuous line of columns around a building), a rare
feature of Renaissance architecture
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Blvd., San Carlos City, Pangasinan
MAPEH 9 – Arts
Third Quarter

PANTHEON, Paris, by Jacques-Germain BRITISH MUSEUM, London, by Robert Smike LA MADELEINE DE PARIS, by Pierre-Alexandre
Soufflot Vignon

B. PALLADIAN STYLE
Palladian building is based on Andrea Palladio‟s style of villa construction. Some of the buildings feature a balustrade
which is a railing with vertical supports along the edge of the roof. There are vertical supports within a balustrade known as
“balusters” or spindles”. It is also a classical method of crowning a building that has a flat or low lying roof.

ROBERT ADAM
He is the most famous Palladian architect of the Neoclassical who designed many fine country houses. The most
famous of all Palladian buildings are two American civic buildings designed by Robert Adam:
1. WHITE HOUSE
2. UNITED STATES CAPITOL

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C. CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE

The building features a rectangular or square plan, with a flat (or roof and an exterior rich in classical detail. The exterior
features a repeated classical pattern or series of arches and/or columns. The overall impression of such a building is a huge,
classically-decorated rectangular block.
Classical block aesthetic is also known as “Beaux-Arts style”, since it was developed principally by the French École
des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts). Classical block architecture also flourished in the United States, particularly in New York.
Famous Architects of this architectural design were:
1. Henri Labrouste – His masterpiece is the Library of Sainte-Genevieve
2. Charles Garnier - He designed the most famous classical block of all which is the PALAIS GARNIER “Paris
Opera House”

1 2
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Blvd., San Carlos City, Pangasinan
MAPEH 9 – Arts
Third Quarter
ROMANTICISM (1800-1810)

Romanticism is a movement in which the artists of Neoclassical period sought to break new ground in the expression of emotion,
both subtle and stormy. It embraced a number of distinctive themes, such as a longing for history, supernatural elements, social injustices,
and nature.
Landscape painting became more popular due to the peoples‟ romantic adoration of nature. Romanticism is a reaction to the
classical, contemplative nature of Neoclassical pieces.
Characteristics:
 Height of action
 Emotional extremes
 Celebrated nature as out of control
 Dramatic compositions
 Heightened sensation (life and death moments)

ROMANTIC PAINTING
The paintings of the Romantic Period gave more emphasis on emotion.
Artists expressed as much feeling and passion as it could be on a canvas. A
PAINTERS OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

JEAN LOUIS THEODORE GERICAULT

Géricault is the first French master and the leader of the French realistic
school. His masterpieces are energetic, powerful, brilliantly colored, and tightly
composed.
A. The Raft of the Medusa – portrays the victims of a contemporary
shipwreck. The people on this raft were French emigrants en route to
West Africa
B. Charging Chasseur - His major work revealed the influenced of the
style of Rubens and an interest in the depiction of contemporary subject
matter.
C. Insane Woman – one of the several portraits of Gericault made of the
mentally disabled that has a peculiar hypnotic power.

EUGENE DELACROIX
Delacroix was considered the greatest French Romantic painter of all.
He achieved brilliant visual effects using small, adjacent strokes of
contrasting color. He was the most influential to the most of Romantic
painters and eventually, his technique was adopted and extended by the
Impressionist artists.
Liberty Leading the People - This painting commemorates the July
Revolution of 1830, which toppled King Charles X of France. A woman
personifies Liberty and leads the people forward over the bodies of the
fallen, holding the flag of the French Revolution.

FRANCISCO GOYA
Francisco Goya is a
commissioned Romantic painter by the
King of Spain. He is also a printmaker
regarded both as the last of the “Old
Masters” and the first of the “Moderns”.
A. The Third of May
B. Saturn Devouring His Son
C. The Burial of Sardine
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Blvd., San Carlos City, Pangasinan
MAPEH 9 – Arts
Third Quarter

ROMANTIC SCULPTURE
Romantic sculpture can be divided into works that concern about the human world and those that concern the natural world.
The leading sculptors of each type were Rude and Barye, respectively.

FRANÇOIS RUDE
François Rude was best known for his social art which inspires and A B
captures the interest of a broad public. He rejected the classical repose of late
18th- and early 19th-century French sculpture in favour of a dynamic, emotional
style and created many monuments that stirred the public for generations.
A. Departure of the Volunteers
B. Jeanne D’Arc

ANTOINE-LOUIS BARYE
He was the most famous animal sculptor of all time, studied the A B
anatomy of his subjects by sketching residents of the Paris zoo.
A. Hercules Sitting on a Bull
B. Theseus Slaying a Minotaur

GOTHIC REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE (NEOGOTHIC)

Gothic Revival also referred to as Victorian Gothic or Neo-
Gothic, Gothic Revival is an architectural movement that began in
the late 1740s in England.
Many of Neogothic buildings features castellation which is
the crenellated walls and towers in imitation of medieval castles.
Indeed, heavily castellated Neogothic buildings are often referred to
as “castles”, even though they never served a defensive purpose.
Among them was Strawberry Hill (demolished), the most famous
work of the decorative phase of the Gothic Revival.
Gothic Revival became widely used for churches and civic
buildings throughout the West, especially in Britain and the United States. Bricks and STRAWBERRY HILL, London (restored)
stones were both commonly used.

Architects who used Neogothic Style:

A. CHARLES BARRY - is the name behind Britain‟s foremost Gothic Revival
monument the Westminster Palace (aka the Houses of Parliament)
B. JAMES RENWICK - Renwick has his crowning American work, the St. Patrick’s
Cathedral (New York).