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    Electric Circuits II: Complex Numbers

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    Ahmed M H Al-Yousif
    This document discusses representations and operations involving complex numbers. It begins by presenting three ways to represent a complex number: rectangular form using real and imaginary parts, polar form using magnitude and angle, and exponential form. Euler's formula, which relates the exponential and trigonometric forms, is then described. The document proceeds to cover mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of complex numbers. It concludes by listing some useful identities for working with complex numbers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Electric Circuits II: Complex Numbers

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed M H Al-Yousif
    56 views16 pages
    This document discusses representations and operations involving complex numbers. It begins by presenting three ways to represent a complex number: rectangular form using real and imaginary parts, polar form using magnitude and angle, and exponential form. Euler's formula, which relates the exponential and trigonometric forms, is then described. The document proceeds to cover mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of complex numbers. It concludes by listing some useful identities for working with complex numbers.

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    Complex Numbers

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    This document discusses representations and operations involving complex numbers. It begins by presenting three ways to represent a complex number: rectangular form using real and imaginary parts, polar form using magnitude and angle, and exponential form. Euler's formula, which relates the exponential and trigonometric forms, is then described. The document proceeds to cover mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of complex numbers. It concludes by listing some useful identities for working with complex numbers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    56 views16 pages

    Electric Circuits II: Complex Numbers

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed M H Al-Yousif
    This document discusses representations and operations involving complex numbers. It begins by presenting three ways to represent a complex number: rectangular form using real and imaginary parts, polar form using magnitude and angle, and exponential form. Euler's formula, which relates the exponential and trigonometric forms, is then described. The document proceeds to cover mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of complex numbers. It concludes by listing some useful identities for working with complex numbers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    Electric Circuits II

    Complex Numbers

    Dr. Firas Obeidat

    1
    Table of Contents

    • Representations of Complex Numbers


    1.

    • Euler’s Formula
    2.
    • Mathematical Operations with
    3. Complex Numbers

    • Useful Identities
    4.

    2
    Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
    Representations of Complex Numbers
    A complex number z may be written in rectangular (Cartesian) form as

    Where 𝒋 = −𝟏 , x is the real part of z while y is the imaginary part of z

    3
    Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
    Representations of Complex Numbers
    A second way of representing the complex number z is by specifying its
    magnitude r and the angle θ

    we must exercise care in determining the correct value of . These are the four
    possibilities:

    4
    Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
    Representations of Complex Numbers

    The third way of representing the complex z is the exponential form:

    The three forms of representing a complex number are summarized as follows.

    5
    Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
    Euler’s Formula

    Replacing x by jθ gives

    This is knows as Euler’s formula 6


    Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
    Euler’s Formula

    The magnitude of ejθ equal to

    When the angle equal to -θ gives

    𝒓𝒆𝒋𝜽 = 𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝒋𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽


    𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 = 𝑹𝒆(𝒓𝒆𝒋𝜽 ) 𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝑰𝒎(𝒓𝒆𝒋𝜽 )
    7
    Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
    Examples
    Example: Express the following complex numbers in polar and exponential form:
    a) z1=6+j8 b) z2=6-j8 c) z3=-6+j8 d) z4=-6-j8

    Or -53.13 o

    8
    Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
    Examples
    Example:

    9
    Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
    Mathematical Operations with Complex Numbers
    1- Complex Conjugate
    The conjugate or complex conjugate of a complex number can be found by
    simply changing the sign of the imaginary part in the rectangular form or by
    using the negative of the angle of the polar form.
    Example: The complex conjugate of the complex number z=x+jy is

    Thus, the complex conjugate of a complex number is found by replacing every j


    by -j.

    2- Addition & Subtraction


    Given two complex numbers z1=x1+jy1=r1∟θ1 𝑧1 = ±𝑥1 ± 𝑗𝑦1
    and z2=x2+jy2=r2∟θ2 their sum is
    𝑧2 = ±𝑥2 ± 𝑗𝑦2
    𝑧1 + 𝑧2 = ±𝑥1 ± 𝑥2 + 𝑗(±𝑗𝑦1 ± 𝑦2)
    and their difference is
    𝑧1 − 𝑧2 = ±𝑥1 − (±𝑥2 ) + 𝑗(±𝑗𝑦1 − (±𝑦2))
    10
    Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
    Mathematical Operations with Complex Numbers

    3- Multiplication & Division


    The product of the two complex numbers are best done in polar or
    exponential form, For their product

    For their division

    We rationalize the denominator by multiplying both the numerator and


    denominator by z2*.

    11
    Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
    Mathematical Operations with Complex Numbers
    Example:

    12
    Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
    Mathematical Operations with Complex Numbers
    Example:

    13
    Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
    Useful Identities
    The following identities are useful in dealing with complex numbers

    14
    Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
    Useful Identities
    Example:

    15
    Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
    16

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