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    Drug Interaction

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    Nicole Encinares
    Drug interactions can occur when one drug alters the pharmacological activity of another drug taken concurrently. There are several types of drug interactions including drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-disease. Drug interactions can impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the affected or "object" drug. The major mechanisms of absorption interactions include complexation/adsorption, changes in GI pH, gut motility, enzymes, and microflora. Metabolism interactions occur when one drug induces or inhibits the metabolic enzymes of another drug, altering its rate of metabolism. Excretion interactions change the excretion pattern of a drug through effects on renal blood flow, urine pH, competition for active secretion, or forced diuresis.

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    Drug Interaction

    Uploaded by

    Nicole Encinares
    134 views2 pages
    Drug interactions can occur when one drug alters the pharmacological activity of another drug taken concurrently. There are several types of drug interactions including drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-disease. Drug interactions can impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the affected or "object" drug. The major mechanisms of absorption interactions include complexation/adsorption, changes in GI pH, gut motility, enzymes, and microflora. Metabolism interactions occur when one drug induces or inhibits the metabolic enzymes of another drug, altering its rate of metabolism. Excretion interactions change the excretion pattern of a drug through effects on renal blood flow, urine pH, competition for active secretion, or forced diuresis.

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    Drug Interaction

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    Drug interactions can occur when one drug alters the pharmacological activity of another drug taken concurrently. There are several types of drug interactions including drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-disease. Drug interactions can impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the affected or "object" drug. The major mechanisms of absorption interactions include complexation/adsorption, changes in GI pH, gut motility, enzymes, and microflora. Metabolism interactions occur when one drug induces or inhibits the metabolic enzymes of another drug, altering its rate of metabolism. Excretion interactions change the excretion pattern of a drug through effects on renal blood flow, urine pH, competition for active secretion, or forced diuresis.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    134 views2 pages

    Drug Interaction

    Uploaded by

    Nicole Encinares
    Drug interactions can occur when one drug alters the pharmacological activity of another drug taken concurrently. There are several types of drug interactions including drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-disease. Drug interactions can impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the affected or "object" drug. The major mechanisms of absorption interactions include complexation/adsorption, changes in GI pH, gut motility, enzymes, and microflora. Metabolism interactions occur when one drug induces or inhibits the metabolic enzymes of another drug, altering its rate of metabolism. Excretion interactions change the excretion pattern of a drug through effects on renal blood flow, urine pH, competition for active secretion, or forced diuresis.

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    Drug Interaction

    Absorption interactions
    is defined as the pharmacological activity of one drug is altered
    by the concominant use of another drug or by the presence of Are those where the absorption of the object drug is altered.
    some other substance. The net effect of such an interaction is:
    Faster or slower drug absorption.
    The Drug whose Activity is effected by such an Interaction is More, or, less complete drug absorption.
    called as a “Object drug.”
    The agent which precipitates such an interaction is referred to Major mechanisms of absorption interactions are:
    as the “Precipitant”.
    1.Complexation and adsorption.
    TYPES OF DRUG INTERACTIONS 2.Alteration in GI pH.
    1.Drug-drug interactions. 3.Alteration in gut motility.
    2.Drug-food interactions. 4.Inhibition of GI enzymes.
    3.Chemical-drug interactions. 5.Alteration of GI micro flora.
    4.Drug-laboratory test interactions. 6.Malabsorption syndrome.
    5.Drug-disease interactions.

    The Net effect of a Drug Interaction is

    •Generally quantitative i.e.increased or decreased effect.

    •Seldom qualitative i.e.rapid or slower effect.

    •Precipitation of newer or increased adverse effect.

    Drug interactions are thus

    Mostly undesirable

    • Rarely desirable(beneficial): for example: enhancement


    of activity of penicillins when administered with
    probenecid.

    Factors contributing to drug interactions


    1.Multiple drug therapy.
    2.Multiple prescribers.
    3.Multiple pharmacological effects of drug. 4.Multiple
    diseases/predisposing illness. 5.Poor patient compliance.
    6.Advancing age of patient.
    7.Drug-related factors.

    The three mechanisms by which an interaction can develop


    are

    1.Pharmaceutical interactions. METABOLISM INTERACTIONS


    Are those where the metabolism of the object drug is altered.
    2.Pharmacokinetic interactions. Mechanisms of metabolism interactions include:
    1.Enzyme induction: Increased rate of metabolism.
    3.Pharmacodynamic interactions.
    2.Enzyme inhibition: Decreased rate of metabolism. It is the
    Pharmaceutical Interactions most significant interaction in comparison to other interactions
    Also called as incompatibility.It is a physicochemical interaction and can be fatal.
    that occours when drugs are mixed in i.v. infusions causing
    precipitation or inactivation of active principles .
    Example:Ampicillin ,chlorpromazine &barbituates interact with
    dextran in solutions and are broken down or from chemical
    compounds.

    Pharmacokinetic Interactions:
    These interactions are those in which adme properties of the
    object drug is altered by the precipitant and hence such
    interactions are also called as ADME interactions.
    The resultant effect is altered plasma concentration of the
    object drug.
    These are classified as:
    1.Absorption interactions
    2.Distribution interactions
    3.Metabolism interactions
    4.Excretion interactions.
    EXCRETION INTERACTIONS
    Are these where the excretion pattern of the object drug is
    altered. Major mechanisms of excretion interactions are:
    Alteration in renal blood flow
    Alteration of urine PH
    Competition for active secretions
    Forced diuresis

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