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Farmer’s  e‐Market                                                                                                  2016 

Farmer’s E- Market

A Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the


Requirement for the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Information Technology

by

Group No. : xx

Dheeraj Kumar Soni (WBUT Roll No. :.....................)


Shubham Mishra (WBUT RolL No. :)
Sweta Gupta (WBUT Roll No :)
ShaliniSahu (WBUT Roll No. :)

Under the Guidance of


Supervisor’s Name

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY


FUTURE INSTITUTE OFENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
(Affiliated to MAKAUT(Formerly WBUT))
KOLKATA 700 150
2016

 
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Acknowledgement

We have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind
support and help of many individuals. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all of them.

We are highly indebted to our guide Prof. JaydipNathfor his guidance and constant supervision
as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project and also for his support in
completing the project.

We express our thanks to our Principal Dr. Aloke Ghosh and our Head of the Department Prof.
Jaydip Nath for extending their support. We would also thank our Institution and the faculty
members without whom this project would have been a distant reality.

Our thanks and appreciations also go to all people who have willingly helped us out with their
abilities.

Dheeraj KumarSoni

Shuham Mishra

Sweta Gupta

ShaliniSahu

 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………...5-7

1.1 Brief Introduction………………………………………………………………....5


1.2 Motivation………………………………………………………………………...6
1.3 Our Mission…………………………………………………………………….....7

CHAPTER 2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS……………………………………………………8-22

2.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………..... ….8


2.2 Requirement and Feasibility Analysis…………………………………………......9
2.3 Existing System……………………………………………………………….11-12
2.4 Proposed System……………………………………………………………...13-16
2.5 Features of Software……………………………………………………….....17-21
2.5.1 ASP.NET –Front End……………………………………………....17-19
2.5.2 C#.NET –Middle End………………………………………………….20
2.5.3 SQL SERVER 2015 –Back End…………………………………….....20
2.5.4 ADO.NET……………………………………………………………....21
2.6Software Requirements……………………………………………………….....22
2.7Hardware Requirements………………………………………………………....22

CHAPTER3. SYSTEM DESIGN……………………………………………………...23-49

3.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………......23
3.2 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)……………………………………………….....23-24
3.3 Database Design………………………………………………………………..24
3.3.1 Normalization…………………………………………………………...25
3.4 Entity Relationship Diagram……………………………………………………26

 
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3.5 Data Flow Diagram of Project………………………………………………27-30


3.6 Table Design…………………………………………………………..……31-35
3.7 Web Pages…………………………………………………………………...36-49

CHAPTER4. CODING…………………………………………………………………50-52
4.1 Features of language………………………………………………………...50-52
CHAPTER5 .TESTING……………………………………………………………………….53-58
5.1 System testing……………………………………………………………….53-54
5.2 Testing requirements……………………………………………………………55
5.3 Unit testing……………………………………………………………………...55
5.4 Integration testing………………………………………………………………56
5.5 Validation testing…………………………………………………………….....56
5.6 Output testing…………………………………………………………………...56
5.7 Test Cases…………………………………………………………………....57-58
5.7.1 Buyer……………………………………………………………….....57
5.7.2 Producer………………………………………………………………58
CHAPTER 6. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS……………………………………..59-61
6.1 Estimation……………………………………………………………………....59
6.2 COCOMO Model…………………………………………………………...59-60
6.3 Basic COCOMO Model…………………………………………………….60-61
CHAPTER7.FUTURE SCOPE………………………………………………………………..62
CHAPTER8. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………...63
CHAPTER 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………...64

 
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LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 3.1 Entity Relationship Diagram 26


Fig. 3.2 Context Analysis Diagram (CAD) or level 0 DFD 27
Fig. 3.3 Data flow diagram (level 1) 28

Fig. 3.4 level 2 DFD of Admin 29


Fig. 3.5 level 2 DFD for Buyer (Order) 29

Fig. 3.6 level 2 DFD for Buyer (Payment) 30

Fig. 3.7 Level 3 DFD 30


Fig. 3.8 Buyer Registration Table 31

Fig. 3.9 Producer Registration Table 32


Fig. 3.10 Transaction Table 32
Fig. 3.11 Add Crop Table 33
Fig. 3.12 Update Crop Table 33
Fig. 3.13 Shipping Table 34
Fig. 3.14 Wishlist Table 34
Fig. 3.15 Final Transaction Table 35
Fig. 3.16 Transportation Table 35
Fig. 5.1 Test Case for Buyer 57
Fig. 5.1 Test Case for Producer 58

 
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Farming is the Prime Occupation in India in spite of this, today the people involved in farming
belongs to the lower class and is in deep poverty. The Advanced techniques and the Automated
machines which are leading the world to new heights, is been lagging when it is concerned to
farming, either the lack of awareness of the advanced facilities or the unavailability leads to the
poverty in farming. Even after all the hard work and the production done by the farmers, in
today’s market the farmers are cheated by the Agents, leading to the poverty. Agro-marketing
would make all the things automatic which make easier serving as a best solution to all the
problems. Farmer’s e-Market will serve as a way for the farmers to sell their products across the
country just with some basic knowledge about how to use the website. The site will guide the
farmers in all the aspects. Getting availed to the required information related to the markets and
different products can be made possible through the SMS facility. Farmers e-Market is the web
application that will help the farmers to perform the agro-marketing leading to achievesuccess
and increase in their standard of living. TheMarketing facility would allow the farmers to have
aview of the bills created and the related information intheir accounts. An Authorized-agent
would serve as away for the farmers to sell their products in the market.The Centralized market
committee will have control onthe Agents through business activities review. In rural area,the
SMS facility would give the required market information where internet cannot be availed.
Government will put forward the new schemes for the farmers. Compensation will be provided
for thefarmers in case of any loss to the production due to some natural calamities. Unique
interface will be provided for applying and viewing the schemes in the website.

 
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1.2.MOTIVATION

Agricultural marketing still continues to be in a bad shape in rural India. In the absence of
sound marketing facilities, the farmers have to depend upon local traders and middlemen
for the disposal of their farm produce which is sold at throw-away price.
The status of farmers in India is such that they buys everything in retail and sells their produce in
wholesale. With different Agricultural Product Market Committee (APMC) acts in different
states, lack of clarity on the prices set by these agencies, high lobbying capacity of the
middlemen has resulted in exploitation of farmers and crops not fetching the right price.
Due to short shelf life of fruits and vegetables and other products, there is a high requirement of
cold storages and warehouses to have a stable price and quantity across the year. With very few
and poorly managed warehouses, the government lacks the main tool for controlling inflation
and also giving a fair price to the harvest. Such uncertainties discourage farming.
In current competitive scenario every business establishment needs quality processes to increase
their efficiency as well as improve their productivity. It is of vital importance that manual, time
consuming & monotonous operations are automated so as to streamline the working of an
organization. Since, the existing system takes more time and manpower for processing. It is
keeping in mind this business philosophy that we propose a Farmer’s E-Market.
Considering the above scenario faced by farmers we have designed this web portal so that
farmers will be able to market their product without the involvement of middlemen or any third
party. Our system will deal with all aspects of farmer’s products.

 
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1.3 OUR MISSION

The Farmer’s E-Market is created to help bring together all local vendors. We want to help make
each stronger individually as a collective whole by providing simple lines of communication,
logistics and support within the relationship of producers to buyers and producers to producers &
essentially creating an online farmers market for that offers consistent connection between all
producers and buyers. The main motive of the project is to sell local and buy local.

The main objective of developing Farmer’s e-Market are given below:


• The central concept of the application is to allow the buyer to shop virtually using
internet and allow customers to buy products of their own choice.
• Improve the services of buyers and producers eliminating the middlemen between them.
• Maintaining details of customer payments, product receipts, and also updation of the
same.
• The information pertaining to the products are stored on RDBMS at the server side. The
server process the customers and the items are shipped accordingly
• Capable of storing all the day to day transactions
• Since, all the data are stored in the database analysis of data can be done. The admin can
keep record of what product is sold to which buyer from which farmer. Every data can be
accessed and analysis can be done which will help in generation of reports for future use.

 
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CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 INTRODUCTION

System analysis is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems and using
the information to recommend improvements on the system. System analysis is a problem
solving activity that requires intensive communication between the system users and system
developers.
System analysis or study is an important phase of any system development process. The system
is studied to the minutest detail and analyzed. The system analyst plays the role of an
interrogator and dwells deep into the working of the present system. The system is viewed as a
whole and the inputs to the system are identified. The outputs from the organization are traced
through the various processing that the inputs phase through in the organization.
A detailed study of these processes must be made by various techniques like Interviews,
Questionnaires etc. The data collected by these sources must be scrutinized to arrive to a
conclusion. The conclusion is an understanding of how the system functions. This system is
called the existing system. Now, the existing system is subjected to close study
and the problem areas are identified. The designer now functions as a problem solver and tries to
sort out the difficulties that the enterprise faces. The solutions are given as a proposal. The
proposal is then weighed with the existing system analytically and the best one is selected. The
proposal is presented to the user for an endorsement by the user. The proposal is reviewed on
user request and suitable changes are made. This loop ends as soon as the user is satisfied with
the proposal.

 
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REQUIREMENT AND FEASIBIITY ANALYSIS

2.2 INTRODUCTION

Prior to stating whether the system we have to develop is feasible or not we believe that we
should emphasize on what is implied by the word "Feasibility". Feasibility is the measure of how
beneficial orpractical the development of the system will be to the organization. It is a
preliminary survey for the systems investigation. It aims to provide information to facilitate a
later in-depth investigation. The report produced at the end of the feasibility study contains
suggestions and reasonedarguments to help management decide whether to commit further
resources to the proposed project.
If and when the objectives of the system are met and the new system is approved, then the more
Specific details in the proposal should be considered and approved.

2.2.1TYPES OF FEASIBILITY

There are various measures of feasibility that helps to decide whether a particular project is
feasible or not. These measures include-

Operational Feasibility
Technical Feasibility
Economical and Financial Feasibility

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OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY:

A proposed system is beneficial only if it can be turned into an information system that will meet
theOperational requirements of an organization. A system often fails if it does not fit within
existingOperations and if users resist the change.
Important issues a systems developer must look into are:

Will the new system be used if implemented in an organization?


Are there major barriers to implementation or is proposed system accepted
without destructive resistance?

The new system is more user-friendly, which enables the end-user to complete his/her work
efficiently and accurately with interest. After taking the above fact into consideration we can
state theoperating of the proposed system within the organization is feasible.

In this phase of the feasibility study the following two main topics
Technical Performance Aspect
Acceptance within the organization

Technical performance aspect is explained in the technical feasibility report and there is no new
Information needed in this to explain it again, but as for the acceptance within the organization
the following points are important and those are explained according to the topics

1. Whether the system provides right information to the right place.


In the current system, which is the semi computerized system the information may be lost
in the Process of sending from one place to another. This is mainly due to human
interaction in the process of transferring information from one place to another.
2. Whether the new system affect the current users in the system.

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SECURITY:

• Security is a vital aspect when it comes to developing a system. The system shouldensure
the facility of preventing unauthorized personnel from accessing the information and the
data within the system.
• The system should provide total protection for each user's information so that the
integrity of data is sustained and also prevent hackers from hacking the system.
• The proposed system ensures the security and the integrity of data. This is done by
providing apassword login system for each authorized users. And for example the System
Administrator hasaccess to all kinds of information.

ECONOMICAL AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY:

In making recommendations a study of the economics of the proposed system should bemade.
The proposed system must be justifiable in terms of cost and benefit, to ensure that the
investment in a new/changed systemprovide a reasonable return.

According to the computerized system we propose, the costs can be broken down to two
categories.
1. Costs associated with the development of the system.
2. Costs associated with operating the system.

2.3. EXISTING SYSTEM

• In the existing system all transactions, dealings of products, purchasing of products were
done manually which is time consuming.
• Reports are prepared manually as and when needed. Maintaining of reports is tedious task

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• To buy any product user has to collect information about it either by visiting the shop or
by asking people which is better.
• There is no computer system for handling payments. All calculations are performed
manually which may not always be accurate. Maintaining records is difficult.
• Any internet user can use this existing website to search for any kind of products, select
particular product from wide range of products.
• Once they make up their mind to purchase any particular thing they can place an order
and make payment through net banking.
• The existing Farmer’s e-Market website is static which makes it less interactive. It has a
database connectivity. The home page, farmer interface,admin interface and the user
interface has been prepared.
• The system information updates according to the changes in technology and store
products.
• Master maintenance is done by admin who is responsible for every updation required in
the system.
• In this system, the producer can update , sell and check details about their products
accordingly. They can put information about their products which are to be displayed in
the website
• Buyer can avail benefits of the user friendly web based system in choosing products
available and buying them. Moreover the buyer can contact admin in case of faulty
products.
• Alerts and real time reporting through Emails(to both buyer and producer). Buyer as well
as producer can contact admin for any information required.
• Management of wishlist is done where all items that are to be purchased can be reviewed
after the item is brought from wishlist.

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2.4PROPOSED SYSTEM

Farmer’s E-market is online shopping website where buyer can buy farm produce directly from
farmers. Various types of farmer’s products are available for purchase at reliable price. Farmer’s
E-market basically focuses on user friendly interfaces and promotes user to purchase the product
faster.
It has registration facility and any information entered in registration table is very secure and no
one can access the information. Security is given utmost importance while designing the website.
If any user is not valid or involved in any kind of illegal work in the website is blocked by the
admin. Even the user is not activated unless admin approves.
For any query buyer and producer both can contact admin through mail. They can use this
facility any time

The entire system comprises of 3 users as mentioned below:

1. Admin:

2. Buyers:

• Local vendors(retailers)

• Hotel owners

• Schools / college canteens

• Caterers

• Restaurants

3. Producer:
• Farmer

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One of the most important part, providing ‘TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES’ for delivery of
finished produce is under process. We could not think of any alternative which is best suited for
every individual user (from producers to buyers). But we have managed to think of simple
alternative in which buyer can ask for transportation facility to admin or can avail the
transportation all by himself. Since the information is stored by admin of all the transportation
company so the admin can keep track of delivery of product to the buyer.

We have also implemented searching transportation company by city of Producers so that


delivery of products will become much easier.

Note:

Implementation of payment gateway could not be achieved. Instead we designed the project in
such a way so that transaction can be managed virtually where money is directly paid to producer
after the purchase of product by buyer deducting the required amount from buyer’s account
respectively.

Functionalities of the stalk holders:

1. Admin:

The Admin is the super user of the system. The Admin is responsible for maintaining and
managing the website.

The Admin is responsible for checking every single transaction, from updation of
produce by farmers to selling of produce to buyers.

Functionalities:

• Admin can change the status while registration of the producer after checking all his
document , he can accordingly change the status to active , pending and block . The
producer can only can access the website if his status is active henceforth making
the website more secure .

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• Registration of producers and buyers after verification of given documents, data


checking, adding crops, adding transportation company and transaction.

• Updating the website details(back end) which includes updating information in the
tables accordingly whenever there is change made.

• Fixing appropriate price of farm products accordingly.

• Updating programmes and schemes initiated by the Government for farmers.

• Stores details about buyers and producers for future reference.

• Admin add crops uploaded by farmers after proper verification.

2. Buyers:

Online farmers market helps you work with farms and food hubs all in one place. Maintain

and manage existing relationships, discover and create new ones and bring the efficiency of

an online system to your local food sourcing.

Functionalities:

• Robust product search and detailed product information.

• Produces profiles that include farm specialties and growing methods.

• Real time availability lists with price and inventory levels.

• Pay throughnet banking

• Place orders and access invoices and order history in your account

• Streamlined communications with products

• Automatic generation of receiving slips and invoices

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3. Producers:

A profile page, robust tools for managing orders and customers, marketing farm, managing

deliveries

Functionalities:

Manage orders and customers

• Accept orders online, keep track of past sales

• Work with existing buyers as well as new ones

• Automatically send buyers invoices and receipts

1. Marketing farm

• Increase online exposure

• Activate or deactivate items as season changes

2. Manage deliveries:

• Connect with third party for transportation facility provided by admin

3. Manage financials:

• Implementation of net banking

• Keep track of buyers payments and past sales

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2.5 FEATURES OF SOFTWARE

2.5.1 ASP.NET - FRONT END

ASP.NET is not just a simple upgrade or the latest version of ASP. ASP.NET combines
unprecedented developer productivity with performance, reliability, and deployment. ASP.NET
redesigns the whole process. It's still easy to grasp for new comers but it provides many new
ways of managing projects. Below are the features of ASP.NET:-

(A). Easy programming model:


ASP.NET makes building real world Web applications dramatically easier. ASP.NET server
controls enable an HTML-like style of declarative programming that let you build great pages
with far less code than with classic ASP. Displaying data, validating user input, and uploading
files are all amazingly easy. Best of all, ASP.NET pages work in all browsers including
Netscape, Opera, AOL, and Internet Explorer.

(B). Flexible Language Options:


ASP.NET lets you leverage your current programming language skills. Unlike classic ASP,
which supports only interpreted VBScript and J Script, ASP.NET now supports more than 25
.NET languages (built-in support for VB.NET, C#, and JScript.NET), giving us unprecedented
flexibility in the choice of language.

(C). Great Tool Support:


We can harness the full power of ASP.NET using any text editor, even Notepad. But Visual
Studio .NET adds the productivity of Visual Basic-style development to the Web. Now we can
visually design ASP.NET Web Forms using familiar drag-drop-double click techniques, and

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enjoy full-fledged code support including statement completion and color-coding. VS.NET also
provides integrated support for debugging and deploying ASP.NET Web applications. The
Enterprise versions of Visual Studio .NET deliver life-cycle features to help organizations plan,
analyze, design, build, test, and coordinate teams that develop ASP.NET Web applications.
These include UML class modeling, database modeling (conceptual, logical, and physical
models), testing tools (functional, performance and scalability), and enterprise frameworks and
templates, all available within the integrated Visual Studio .NET environment.

(D). Rich Class Framework:


Application features that used to be hard to implement, or required a 3rd-party component, can
now be added in just a few lines of code using the .NET Framework. The .NET Framework
offers over 4500 classes that encapsulate rich functionality like XML, data access, file upload,
regular expressions, image generation, performance monitoring and logging, transactions,
message queuing, SMTP mail, and much more. With Improved Performance and Scalability
ASP.NET lets we use serve more users with the same hardware.

(E). Compiled execution:


ASP.NET is much faster than classic ASP, while preserving the "just hit save" update model of
ASP. However, no explicit compile step is required. ASP.NET will automatically detect any
changes, dynamically compile the files if needed, and store the compiled results to reuse for
subsequent requests. Dynamic compilation ensures that the application is always up to date, and
compiled execution makes it fast. Most applications migrated from classic ASP see a 3x to 5x
increase in pages served.

(F). Rich output caching:


ASP.NET output caching can dramatically improve the performance and scalability of the
application. When output caching is enabled on a page, ASP.NET executes the page just once,
and saves the result in memory in addition to sending it to the user. When another user requests
the same page, ASP.NET serves the cached result from memory without re-executing the page.
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Output caching is configurable, and can be used to cache individual regions or an entire page.
Output caching can dramatically improve the performance of data-driven pages by eliminating
the need to query the database on every request.

(G). Enhanced Reliability:


ASP.NET ensures that the application is always available to the users.

(H). Memory Leak, Dead Lock and Crash Protection:


ASP.NET automatically detects and recovers from errors like deadlocks and memory leaks to
ensure our application is always available to our users. For example, say that our application has
a small memory leak, and that after a week the leak has tied up a significant percentage of our
server's virtual memory. ASP.NET will detect this condition, automatically start up another copy
of the ASP.NET worker process, and direct all new requests to the new process. Once the old
process has finished processing its pending requests, it is gracefully disposed and the leaked
memory is released. Automatically, without administrator intervention or any interruption of
service, ASP.NET has recovered from the error.

(I). Easy Deployment:


ASP.NET takes the pain out of deploying server applications. "No touch" application
deployment. ASP.NET dramatically simplifies installation of our application. With ASP.NET,
we can deploy an entire application as easily as an HTML page, just copy it to the server. No
need to run regsvr32 to register any components, and configuration settings are stored in an
XML file within the application.

(J). Dynamic update of running application:


ASP.NET now lets us update compiled components without restarting the web server. In the past
with classic COM components, the developer would have to restart the web server each time he
deployed an update. With ASP.NET, we simply copy the component over the existing DLL,
ASP.NET will automatically detect the change and start using the new code.
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2.5.2 C#.NET - MIDDLE END:

In brief, C#.NET a next generation of ASP (Active Server Pages) introduced by Microsoft.
Similar to previous server-side scripting technologies, C#.NET allows us to build powerful,
reliable, and scalable distributed applications. C#.NET is based on the Microsoft .NET
framework and uses the .NET features and tools to develop Web applications and Web services.
Even though C#.NET sounds like ASP and syntaxes are compatible with ASP but C#.NET is
much more than that. It provides many features and tools, which let you develop more reliable
and scalable, Web applications and Web services in less time and resources. Since C#.NET is a
compiled, NET-based environment; we can use any .NET supported languages, including
VB.NET, C#, JScript.NET, and VBScript.NET to develop C#.NET applications.

2.5.3 SQL SERVER 2000 - BACK END

Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. As


a database server, it is asoftware product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data
as requested by other software applications which may run either on the same computer or on
another computer across a network (including the Internet).

Microsoft markets at least a dozen different editions of Microsoft SQL Server, aimed at different
audiences and for workloads ranging from small single-machine applications to large Internet-
facing applications with many concurrent users.

SQL Server uses as its primary query languages T-SQL and ANSI SQL

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2.5.4 ADO.NET - DATABASE CONNECTIVITY:

Most applications need data access at one point of time making it a crucial component when
working with applications. Data access is making the application interact with a database, where
all the data is stored. Different applications have different requirements for database access.
ASP.NET uses ADO .NET (Active X Data Object) as it's data access and manipulation protocol
which also enables us to work with data on the Internet

ADO.NET Data Architecture:

Data Access in ADO.NET relies on two components: DataSet and Data Provider:

1. DataSet:

The dataset is a disconnected, in-memory representation of data. It can be considered as a local


copy of the relevant portions of the database. The DataSet is persisted in memory and the data in
it can be manipulated and updated independent of the database. When the use of this DataSet is
finished, changes can be made back to the central database for updating. The data in DataSet can
be loaded from any valid data source like Microsoft SQL server database, an Oracle database or
from a Microsoft Access database.

2. Data Provider:

The Data Provider is responsible for providing and maintaining the connection to the database. A
DataProvider is a set of related components that work together to provide data in an efficient and
performance driven manner. The .NET Framework currently comes with two DataProviders: the
SQL Data Provider which is designed only to work with Microsoft's SQL Server 7.0 or later and
the OleDbDataProvider which allows us to connect to other types of databases like Access and
Oracle. Each DataProvider consists of the following component classes:
The Connection object which provides a connection to the database. The Command object which
is used to execute a command. The DataReader object which provides a forward-only, read only,

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connected recordset. The DataAdapterobject which populates a disconnected DataSet with data
and performs update.

2.6. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Specifications

Operatig System Windows 7/8/8.1

Browser Internet Explorer/Google Chrome

Database Microsoft SQL server

Technology asp.net,vb.net,c#.net

2.7. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Specifications

Hard Disk Drive 500GB

Processor 1.8GHz

RAM 4GB

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CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1 INTRODUCTION
System design is the solution to the creation of a new system. This phase is composed of several
systems. This phase focuses on the detailed implementation of the feasible system. It emphasis
on translating design specifications to performance specification.System design has two phases
of development logical and physical design.

During logical design phase the analyst describes inputs (sources), out puts (destinations),
databases (data sores) and procedures (data flows) all in a format that meets the user
requirements. The analyst also specifies the user needs and at a level that virtually determines the
information flow in and out of the system and the data resources. Here the logical design is done
through data flow diagrams and database design.

The physical design is followed by physical design or coding. Physical design produces the
working system by defining the design specifications, which tell the programmers exactly what
the candidate system must do. The programmers write the necessary programs that accept input
from the user, perform necessary processing on accepted data through call and produce the
required report on a hard copy or display it on the screen.

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3.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through
an information system, modelling its process aspects. A DFD is often used as a preliminary step
to create an overview of the system, which can later be elaborated. DFDs can also be used for
the visualization of data processing (structured design).

A DFD shows what kind of information will be input to and output from the system, where the
data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. It does not show information
about the timing of process or information about whether processes will operate in sequence or
in parallel.

3.3 DATABASE DESIGN:

The overall objective in the development of database technology has been to treat data as an
organizational resource and as an integrated whole. DBMS allow data to be protected and
organized separately from other resources. Database is an integrated collection of data. The most
significant form of data as seen by the programmers is data as stored on the direct access storage
devices. This is the difference between logical and physical data.

Database files are the key source of information into the system. It is the process of designing
database files, which are the key source of information to the system. The files should be
properly designed and planned for collection, accumulation, editing and retrieving the required
information.
The organization of data in database aims to achieve three major objectives: -
(a). Data integration.

(b). Data integrity.

(c). Data independence.

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The proposed system stores the information relevant for processing in the MS SQL SERVER
database. This database contains tables, where each table corresponds to one particular type of
information. Each piece of information in table is called a field or column. A table also contains
records, which is a set of fields. All records in a table have the same set of fields with different
information. There are primary key fields that uniquely identify a record in a table. There are
also fields that contain primary key from another table called foreign keys.

3.3.1 NORMALIZATION

Normalization is a technique of separating redundant fields and braking up a large table in to a


smaller one. It is also used to avoid insertion, deletion and updating anomalies. All the tables
have been normalized up to the third normal form. In short the rules for each of the three normal
forms are as below.

(a). First normal form:

A relation is said to be in 1NF if all the under lying domain of attributes contain simple
individual values.

(b).Second normal form:

The 2NF is based on the concept of full functional dependency. A relation said to be in 2NF if
and only if it is in 1NF and every non-key attribute is fully functionally dependent on candidate
key of the table.

(c).Third normal form:

The 3NF is based on the concept of transitive dependency. A relation in 2NF is said to be in 3NF
if every non-key attribute is non-transitively.

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3.5. ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM :

Fig. 3.1: Entity Relationship Diagram

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3.5. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) OF THE PROJECT:


1. Context Analysis Diagram (CAD) or level 0 DFD

Fig. 3.2: Context Analysis Diagram (CAD) or level 0 DFD

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2. Data Flow Diagram (DFD)(Level 1)

Fig. 3.3: Data flow diagram (level 1)

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3. Data Flow Diagram (DFD)(Level 2)

0.4.1 
Add new crop
Add Crop

Admin 
confirm Store data AddCropFarmerTabe

confirm
0.4.2 
Delete crop
Delete Crop 

Fig. 3.4: level 2 DFD of Admin

0.16.1 
Add crop
Add to wishlist 

Buyer 
confirm Store data Wishlist Table

confirm
0.16.2 
confirm Remove crop
Delete from 
fromwsihlist 
wihslist 
 

  give order

  0.16.3 

Give order 

Fig. 3.5: level 2 DFD for Buyer (Order)

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0.17.1 
Retrieve data
Check selected 
product 
Buyer 
confirm

confirm
0.17.2 
confirm Request for bill
Compute 
 
price 
 
prepare receipt
0.17.3 
FinalTransactionTable
Prepare 
receipt

Fig. 3.6 level 2 DFD for Buyer (Payment)

4. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) (Level 3)

0.16.3.1 
Order Detail 
Buyer 
Get an order
Order product

Generate unique

Transaction ID
0.16.3.2 
Admin  Ask transaction ID
Prepare unique 
Confirm transaction ID 

Fig. 3.7 level 3 DFD

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3.6 TABLE DESIGN:


There are mainly 9 inter-related tables through which the data is flowing. The description of
tables are given below:

1. BUYER REGISTRATION TABLE:

All the details of the buyer such as name, address, email-id, contact number, account
number, aadhar number, and license number would be available in this table. In this
Table BID is the primary key. All the fields and data type of this table is shown below:

Fig. 3.8: Buyer Registration Table

2. PRODUCER REGISTRATION TABLE:

All the details of the Producer such as name, address, email-id, contact number, account
number, aadhar number, and KCC number would be available in this table. In this Table PID is
the primary key. All the fields and data type of this table is shown below:

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Fig 3.9: Producer’s Registration Table

3. TRANSACTION TABLE:

Transaction table stores information about account number of buyer and producer with their
unique id which is used for transferring money from buyer’s account to producer’s account after
successful transaction. All the fields and data type of this table is shown below:

Fig 3.10: Transaction Table

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4. ADD CROP (ADMIN) TABLE:

All the details of adding crop by farmer such as date of adding, crop id, crop name, and range of
crop price would be available in this table. In this table, CropID is the primary key. All the
fields and data type of this table is shown below:

Fig 3.11: Add Crop Table

5. UPDATE CROP TABLE (Producer) :

All theCrop details updated by farmer such as PRID, Date of updating, Farmer name, crop
name, crop quant, crop description, crop price and crop image would be available in this
table. In this Table PRID is the primary key. All the fields and data type of this table is
shown below:

Fig 3.12: Update Crop Table

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6. SHIPPING TABLE :

All the details of shipping the product such as PRID, User name (Buyer), farmer name
(Producer), crop details, date of buying, date of shipping and shipping address would be
available in this table. In this Table PRID is the primary key. All the fields and data type of
this table is shown below:

Fig 3.13: Shipping Table

7. WISHLIST TABLE:

All the crop details added to wishlist by buyer such as PRID, User name (Buyer), farmer
name (Producer) and crop details would be available in this table. In this Table PRID is the
primary key. All the fields and data type of this table is shown below:

Fig 3.14: Wishlist Table


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8. FINAL TRANSACTION TABLE:

All the details of Final Transaction such as TID, Date of transaction, PRID, Crop details,
BID, User name (Buyer), PID, and farmer name (Producer), would be available in this
table. In this Table TID is the primary key. All the fields and data type of this table is shown
below:

Fig 3.15: Final transaction table

9. TRANSPORTATION TABLE:
All the details of transportationcompany updated by admin the such as company name, address,
contact number and city would be available in this table. All the fields and data type of this table
is shown below:

Fig 3.16: Transportation table

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3.6 WEBPAGES DESIGN


SCREEN SHOTS:

HOME PAGE:

Home page is the start page of this project. From here, user can navigate to any other page.

ABOUT FARMERS:

About farmers page highlights the details of farmers and the importance of agriculture in india.

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PROGRAMMES AND SCHEMES:

This page provides information about all the latest schemes initiated by government of India.

CROPS GENERAL INFORMATION:

This page provides buyer with general information related to crops produced by farmers.

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ADMIN WEBPAGES:

ADMIN LOGIN PAGE:

Admin login page from where admin can navigate to any other page and check details.

ADD CROP:

Admin can add crop in this page which will be available to buyer for purchase.

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PRODUCER’S INFORMATION:

This page stores all the information on farmers who have registered and uploaded their products.

BUYER’S INFORMATION:

This page stores all the information on farmers who have registered and uploaded their products.

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DISPLAY PRODUCT DETAILS:

This page gives all the detailed information about the crops uploaded by farmers which admin
can check

TRANSACTION DETAILS:

This page stores all the detailed information about transaction which admin can check and keep
track of all the transaction occurring.

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ADD TRANSORTATION COMPANY:

Admin can add transportation company through this page for further process after transaction is
made by buyer. Admin can mail the name of transpotation company according to the
requirement of buyer .

PRODUCER’S WEBPAGE
PRODUCER’S REGISTRATION PAGE:

Registration page stores all the detailed information of producer’s and registration is successful
only after verification of admin. If the user is blocked in any case then the registration of the
producer fails.

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PRODUCER’S LOGIN PAGE:

Producer can login through this page. Login is successful only after verification done by admin.

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PRODUCER’S PAGE:

The producer’s page is the main page which the producer will enter after successful login. From
here, producer can navigate to any other page.

 
UPDATE PROFILE PAGE:

In this page, producer can change password, contact number and account number.

 
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UPLOAD PRODUCT:

In this page, producer can update crops that he wants to sell through this web portal. 

DISPLAY UPLOADED PRODUCTS:

In this page, producer can check what all crops he has uploaded and modification can be done
accordingly.

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BUYER’S WEBPAGES

BUYER’S REGISTRATION PAGE:

Registration page stores all the detailed information of producer’s and registration is successful
only after verification of admin. If the user is blocked in any case then the registration of the
producer fails.

BUYER’S LOGIN PAGE:

Buyer can login through this page. Login is successful only after verification done by admin.

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BUYER’S PAGE :

The buyer’s page is the main page which the producer will enter after successful login. From
here, producer can navigate to any other page.

 
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VIEW PRODUCT DETAILS :

In this page, user can view details of the selected product that the buyer wants to purchase. Buyer
can add the desired product to the wishlist.

 
WISHLIST PAGE:

In this page, the buyer can see products that he has kept in his wishlist. From here buyer can
purchase the product he wants.

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ORDER PAGE:
Final purchase of buyer can be done in this page after the buyer has entered shipping address.

PAYMENT PAGE:

Payment through net banking can be done through this page and data is stored in the table.

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FINAL TRANSACTION PAGE :

This page confirms the purchase of product by buyer and receipt can be produced after final
submission.

TRANSPORTATION PAGE:

In this page, buyer can select any of the two ways for transportation. He can either ask admin or
arrange by himself.

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CHAPTER 4
CODING

4.1. FEATURES OF LANGUAGE

(a).Microsoft Visual Studio .Net:

Visual Studio .NET is a complete set of development tools for building ASP Web applications,

XML Web services, desktop applications, and mobile applications. Visual Basic .NET, Visual

C++ .NET, and Visual C# .NET all use the same integrated development environment (IDE),

which allows them to share tools and facilitates in the creation of mixed-language solutions. In

addition, these languages leverage the functionality of the .NET Framework, which provides

access to key technologies that simplify the development of ASP Web applications and XML

Web services.

(b).The .NET Framework:

The .NET Framework is a multi-language environment for building, deploying, and running

XML Web services and applications. It consists of two main parts:

(1). Common Language Runtime:

Despite its name, the runtime actually has a role in both a component's runtime and development

time experiences. While the component is running, the runtime is responsible for managing

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memory allocation, starting up and stopping threads and processes, and enforcing security

policy, as well as satisfying any dependencies that the component might have on other

components. At development time, the runtime's role changes slightly; because it automates so

much (for example, memory management); the runtime makes the developer's experience very

simple, especially when compared to COM as it is today. In particular, features such as reflection

dramatically reduce the amount of code a developer must write in order to turn business logic

into a reusable component.

(2). Unified programming classes:

The framework provides developers with a unified, object-oriented, hierarchical, and extensible

set of class libraries (APIs). Currently, C++ developers use the Microsoft Foundation

Classes and Java developers use the Windows Foundation Classes. The framework unifies these

disparate models and gives C#.netand JScript programmer's access to class libraries as well. By

creating a common set of APIs across all programming languages, the common language runtime

enables cross-language inheritance, error handling, and debugging. All programming languages,

from JScript to C++, have similar access to the framework and developers are free to choose the

language that they want to use.

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(c). Introduction to C#.NET:

In brief, C#.NET a next generation of ASP (Active Server Pages) introduced by Microsoft.

Similar to previous server-side scripting technologies, C#.NET allows us to build powerful,

reliable, and scalable distributed applications. C#.NET is based on the Microsoft .NET

framework and uses the .NET features and tools to develop Web applications and Web services.

Even though C#.NET sounds like ASP and syntaxes are compatible with ASP but C#.NET is

much more than that. It provides many features and tools, which let we develop more reliable

and scalable, Web applications and Web services in less time and resources. Since C#.NET is a

compiled, .NET-based environment; we can use any .NET supported languages, including

VB.NET, C#, JScript.NET, and VBScript.NET to develop C#.NET applications.

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CHAPTER 5
TESTING

5.1.SYSTEM TESTING

Testing is a set activity that can be planned and conducted systematically. Testing begins at the
module level and work towards the integration of entire computers based system. Nothing is
complete without testing, as it is vital success of the system.

Â. Testing Objectives:

There are several rules that can serve as testing objectives, they are

1. Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error

2. A good test case is one that has high probability of finding an undiscovered error.

3. A successful test is one that uncovers an undiscovered error.

If testing is conducted successfully according to the objectives as stated above, it would uncover
errors in the software. Also testing demonstrates that software functions appear to the working
according to the specification, that performance requirements appear to have been met.

There are three ways to test a program:

1. For Correctness

2. For Implementation efficiency

3. For Computational Complexity.

Tests for correctness are supposed to verify that a program does exactly what it was designed to
do. This is much more difficult than it may at first appear, especially for large programs.
Tests for implementation efficiency attempt to find ways to make a correct program faster or use

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less storage. It is a code-refining process, which re-examines the implementation phase of


algorithm development.

Tests for computational complexity amount to an experimental analysis of the complexity of an


algorithm or an experimental comparison of two or more algorithms, which solve the same
problem.
Testing Correctness

The following ideas should be a part of any testing plan:

1. Preventive Measures

2. Spot checks

3. Testing all parts of the program

4. Test Data

5. Looking for trouble

6. Time for testing

7. Re Testing

The data is entered in all forms separately and whenever an error occurred, it is corrected
immediately. A quality team deputed by the management verified all the necessary documents
and tested the Software while entering the data at all levels. The entire testing process can be
divided into 3 phases

1. Unit Testing

2. Integrated Testing

3. Final/ System testing

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5.2 TESTING REQUIREMENTS

Testing can be done based on test cases. Test case has components that describes an input,
action or event and an expected response, to determine if a feature of an application is working
correctly

For this project the application must generate the following,

• Valid user name

• Valid password

The input given by the user must be checked from the database.

Login ID={Valid login ID, Invalid login ID}

Password= {Valid password, Invalid password, Empty}

Steps formatting to carry out the test for Login Page-

• Valid Login page

• Enter Email ID

• Enter password

• Click Login

5.3 UNIT TESTING

As this system was partially GUI based WINDOWS application, the following were tested in
this phase

1. Tab Order

2. Reverse Tab Order

3. Field length

4. Front end validations

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In our system, Unit testing has been successfully handled. The test data was given to each and
every module in all respects and got the desired output. Each module has been tested found
working properly.

5.4. INTEGRATION TESTING

Test data should be prepared carefully since the data only determines the efficiency and accuracy
of the system. Artificial data are prepared solely for testing. Every program validates the input
data.

5.5. VALIDATION TESTING

In this, all the Code Modules were tested individually one after the other. The following were
tested in all the modules

1. Loop testing

2. Boundary Value analysis

3. Equivalence Partitioning Testing

In our case all the modules were combined and given the test data. The combined module works
successfully without any side effect on other programs. Everything was found fine working.

5.6. OUTPUT TESTING

This is the final step in testing. In this the entire system was tested as a whole with all forms,
code, modules and class modules. This form of testing is popularly known as Black Box testing
or system testing.

Black Box testing methods focus on the functional requirement of the software. That is, Black
Box testing enables the software engineer to derive sets of input conditions that will fully
exercise all functional requirements for a program. Black Box testing attempts to find errors in
the following categories; incorrect or missing functions, interface errors, errors in data structures
or external database access, performance errors and initialization errors and termination errors.

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5.7. TEST CASES

5.7.1 Buyer

Module Module Expected Experimental Status

No. Name Behaviour Behaviour

1. Registratio This is for our new user New user can give inputs Passed
n where they can give their here, which are stored into
entire details the database

2. Login This is the verification This inputs given by the Passed


page of users. Only a users are checked from the
valid user can login database

3. Search This is for searching the Here details about the Passed
product product user want to buy product is stored in
after viewing the details database. When the user
search for their product
the data is retrieved from
the database.

4. Purchase This is for purchasing the Here buyer can keep the Passed
product product which user has product he wants to buy in
kept in his wishlist wishlist which is stored in
database. After final
purchase the product is
deleted accordingly

5. Avail This is for the delivery Here the user can ask Passed
transport for purchased product admin for transport after
searching the nearest
farmer or avail the
transport by himself.

Fig 5.1: Test case for buyer

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5.7.2 Producer

Module Module Expected Experimental Status

No. Name Behaviour Behaviour

1. Registration This is for our new user New user can give Passed
where they can give inputs here, which are
their entire details stored into the database

2. Login This is the verification This inputs given by Passed


page of users. Only a the users are checked
valid user can login from the database

3. Upload This is for updating the Here details about the Passed
product by farmer which product is stored in
product
he wants to sell. The database. The farmer
(crop) farmer can remove or can check the product
modify the details of the he uploaded whenever
product when required. he wants.

4. View buyer This is for viewing the Buyer details is stored Passed
details details of buyer where in the database and
the producer can check producer can check
to whom the product is buyer details
sold.

5. Final After final transaction Details about the Passed


the money of the transaction is stored in
Transaction
product sold out is the database and admin
transferred in producer’s can check all the details
account via virtual and generate reports
transaction accordingly.

5.2: Test case for producer

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CHAPTER 6
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
7.1 ESTIMATION

The following project attributes have to be estimated

• Cost: How much is it going to cost to develop the software?


• Duration: How long is it going to take to develop the product?
• Effort: How much effort is required to develop the product?

7.2 COCOMO MODEL

COCOMO (COnstructiveCOst estimation MOdel )was proposed by Boehm [1981].

Boehm postulated that any software development project can be classified into one of the
following categories based on the development complexity: organic, semidetached, and
embedded. In order to classify a product into identified categories, Boehm not only considered
the characteristics of the product but also those of the development team and development
environment.

Boehm’s definition of organic, semidetached, and embedded systems are elaborated below:

1. Organic Mode:

• Relatively Small, Simple Software projects.

• Small teams with good application experience work to a set of less than rigid
requirements.

• Similar to previously developed projects.

• Relatively small and require little innovation.

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2.Semidetached Mode:

• Intermediate (in size and complexity) software projects in which teams with mixed
experience levels must meet a mix of rigid and less than rigid requirements.

3 Embedded mode

• Software projects that must be developed within set of tight hardware, software and
operational Constraints

7.3 BASIC COCOMO MODEL:

Basic COCMO Model is good for quick, early, rough order of magnitude estimate of software
cost. It does not account for differences in hardware constraints, personal Quality and
experience, use of modern tools and techniques, and other project attribute known to have a
significant influence on software cost, which limits its accuracy. It gives an approximate estimate
of the project parameters. The basic COCOMO estimation model is given by the following
expressions:
Effort = a1 x (KLOC)a2PM
Tdev =b1 x (Effort)b2 Months
Where,

• KLOC is the estimated size of the software product expressed in Kilo Lines of Code,
• a1, a2, b1, b2 are constants for each category of software products,
• Tdev is the estimated time to develop the software, expressed in months,
• Effort is the total effort required to develop the software product, expressed in person
months (PMs).

Estimation of development effort:


For the three classes of software products, the formulas for estimating the effort based on the
code size are shown below:

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Organic: Effort = 2.4(KLOC)1.05 PM


Semi-Detached: Effort = 3.0(KLOC)1.12 PM
Embedded: Effort = 3.6(KLOC)1.20 PM
PM: Person Months

Estimation of development time:


For the three classes of software products, the formulas for estimating the development time
based on the effort are given below:

Organic: Tdev = 2.5(Effort)0.38 Months


Semi-detached: Tdev = 2.5(Effort)0.35 Months
Embedded: Tdev = 2.5(Effort)0.32 Months

Calculation
This project falls under the organic category. Applying the basic form of COCOMO, we
compute the attributes of the project as follows:

Efforts: E= a1(KLOC)^a2 [KLOC=& a1, b1, c1, d1 are basic COCOMO constraints.]

=2.4*(32)^1.05

=92 person-month (almost)

Duration: D=b1(E)^2

=2.5 * (92)^0.38

=14 months (almost)

Persons deployed: P=E/D

=92/14

=6 (almost)

If the average salary of software developer is Rs. 25,000/month, then total cost to developing the
project is = (92*25000 ) = 2300000
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CHAPTER 7
FUTURE SCOPE
1.Partial Payment:

Partial payment will help user as well as farmer to buy and sell the product required by user
accordingly. If the product is more with farmer then farmer can update his left over product for
further purchasing.

2.Payment Gateway:

In this project we have designed false transaction which will show only that transaction is
successful, similar to virtual transaction for better understanding. Since the implementation of
payment gateway is not possible right now, it will be implemented in future.

3.Implementation of Debit/Credit payment modes:

In this website we have worked upon implementation of net banking only. Debit and credit will
be implemented in future.

4.Mandatory charges:

Application of charges at the time of registration will be implemented considering the need of
the user as well as farmer.

5.Multiple Purchase of Produts:

Buyer can buy more than one product at a time from the created wishlist

6. Data analysis:

With all the information stored in database Admin can generate reports. The report will include
all the information about the transaction and also what all products are sold by which farmers.
This analysis will be very useful for future use.

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CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION

The project report entitled " Farmer’s E-Market" is still under construction. The work on the
project is under progress. The part of our system has been developed with much care that it is
free of errors and at the same time it is efficient and less time consuming. The important thing is
that the system is robust. We have tried our level best to make the site as dynamic as possible.
Also provision is provided for future developments in the system. The entire system is secured.
This online system is made keeping in mind all pros and cons.

The internet has become major source in modern business, thus electronic shopping has gained
significance not only from the entrepreneur’s but also from the customer’s point of view. For the
entrepreneur, electronic shopping generate new business opportunities and for the customer, it
makes comparative shopping possible. As per the survey, most consumers of online stores are
impulsive and usually make a decision to stay on a site within the first few seconds. We have
designed the project to provide the user with easy navigation, retrieval of data and necessary
feedback as much possible. A good design must be accompanied with a user friendly application
logic. It should be convenient for the customer to view the contents of their page and to be able
to update information in their interface. The features are designed for the customer to make them
more comfortable.

This project helps in understanding the creation of an interactive web page and the technologies
used to implement it. The building of the project has given us the idea and a precise knowledge
about how the application can be developed , how it connects to the database and how the data
and web pages are modified as required.

The main motive for the project was to provide dynamic online farmers’s management system to
help farmers in every possible way and provide them a stable platform where they can perform
every transaction with ease.

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CHAPTER 9
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• http://farmersweb.com/
• http://farmer.gov.in/
• Google
• Wikipedia
• http://localvendorscoalition.org/

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