Flexible Waterproofing of Basement Structures

with Sikaplan® Membranes

The Sikaplan® Flexible Sheet Membrane Products

Sikaplan® WP 1100 HL2 yellow/black Homogeneous waterproofing sheet membrane based on polyvinylchloride (PVC-P),
available in thicknesses of 1.5 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm, not resistant to bitumen or perma-
nent exposure to UV light.

Sikaplan® WP 1110 20 H transparent Homogeneous waterproofing sheet membrane based on polyvinylchloride (PVC-P),
thickness 2 mm and not resistant to permanent UV exposure, light absorption <30 %.
Sikaplan® WT 1200 C green/black Reinforced waterproofing sheet membrane based on polyolefin (TPO/FPO) with non-woven
polyethylene (PE) glass inlay for restraint, available in thicknesses of 1.6 mm, 2 mm and
3 mm. Resistant to bitumen and polystyrene, not resistant to permanent UV light exposure.

Sikaplan® WT 1200 CE green/black Reinforced waterproofing sheet membrane based on polyolefin (TPO/FPO) with non-
woven polyethylene (PE) glass inlay restraints available in thicknesses of 2.5 mm and
3.5 mm. Surface embossed with nibs to increase bond and watertightness. Resistant
to bitumen and polystyrene, not resistant to permanent UV light exposure.

The Sikaplan® Ancillary Products

Sikadur®-Combiflex® joint sealing system Joint sealing strip, based on hypalon (TPO/FPO) for producing bonded compartments
and terminations of TPO/FPO membranes.
Sika® Dilatec® tape joint sealing system Joint sealing strips type E / ER, based on polyvinylchloride (PVC-P) for producing bonded
compartments and terminations with PVC membranes.
Sika® WP/WT waterbars Waterbar types AR and DR, based on polyvinylchloride (PVC). Waterbar types MP and
AF based on polyolefin (TPO/FPO) cast in concrete for compartments and the base slabs,
roof slabs and external walls of basements.

Sikadur®-31 CF (EP adhesive) Normal and rapid (for low temperatures or accelerated curing) grades available based on
epoxy resin (EP) for the bonding of Sikadur-Combiflex and Sika Dilatec joint sealing tapes.

Also available from Sika

Flexible Waterproofing
of Basement Structures
Waterproofing of Basement Watertight Concrete Basements Joint Sealing with Flexible Waterproofing of Tunnels Sika® Injection Systems for
Structures with Sika® with Sika® Concrete, Jointing, Sika® Dilatec® Systems with Sikaplan® Membranes Concrete Structures
Selection Guide and Injection Technology

with Sikaplan Membranes

®
® ® ® ®
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Flexible Waterproofing of Basement Structures with Sikaplan Membranes ®

Residential Apartments
Commercial Offices
Leisure Facilities
Retail Units and Storage Areas
Archives
Metro Stations
Parking Areas
Plant Rooms

Drainage systems can be incorporated Can accommodate settlement and Protects the structure from aggressive Prevents reinforcement steel corrosion Secure and homogeneous with welded Protects and maintains thermal
ground movement groundwater due to water ingress seams tested on site insulation values
Will flexibly bridge cracks and joints
in concrete

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The different Levels of Exposure The Degree of Watertightness required
and Requirements (Grades defined according to BS 8102)

The Ground Conditions Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4

Basements are immersed in differing levels of groundwater, and aggressive influences Basic Utility Better Utility Habitable Special Requirements
Some seepage and damp No water penetration but Dry environment – Totally dry environment –
including damp soil contact, percolating water, water under hydrostatic pressure plus
patches tolerable (min. wall moisture vapour tolerable ventilated (min. wall thick
thick- ventilated (min. wall thick
thick-
aggressive chemicals in solution, different soil, gravel and rock, etc. These all require thickness: 150 mm) (min. wall thickness: 200 mm) ness: 250 mm) ness: 300 mm)
different and often specific waterproofing treatments to be applied to the structure. Car parking areas Retail storage areas Residential areas, offices, Archives and special
A part or partial waterproofing treatment can also be achieved with drainage or porous Plant rooms/workshops Plant rooms and workshops restaurants equipment or storage areas
screeds that are laid to falls on horizontal surfaces to drain off any water. excluding any electrical requiring drier environment Leisure centres, Controlled environment
equipment in the areas with electrical equipment in gymnasiums
the area

Frost

Dynamic force

Percolating water
Condensation
Biological
attack Gas
Statical Uplifting Settlements (methane,
Rising pressure force radon)
capillary
water

Pressure water Pressure water

Chemically aggressive Chemically aggressive

groundwater groundwater

Flexible Sikaplan® membrane waterproofing for damp soil contact, percolating water and
water under hydrostatic pressure

Rigid Waterproofing Flexible Waterproofing

(Grades 1 to 3) (Grades 2 to 4)
Waterproof concrete/waterproof rendering and joint sealing
Loose laid and welded sheet membranes
systems
To seal structures against groundwater ingress, where some To waterproof all types of structures in all different ground condi-
limited moisture presence or damp patches are tolerable. tions against all types of groundwater ingress including high water
levels with strong hydrostatic pressure even where the internal
Note: Can be used for Grades 3 and 4 with additional Sika jointing, environment must be totally dry (i.e. Grade 4 in areas with a totally
waterproofing and other technologies. controlled environment or other special requirements).
Damp Soil Contact Percolating Water Water under hydrostatic Pressure
Soil with low water permeability or high Water percolating by gravity through Hydrostatic pressure develops with high
water retention. permeable soil. water levels in permeable ground.

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Selection Guide for different Waterproofing with Sikaplan ®

Waterproofing Systems Flexible Sheet Membranes

A Comparison between Flexible and Rigid Waterproofing Systems for new Watertight Dependent on the groundwater conditions, the type of structure and the degree of water-
Basement Structures tightness required, a full range of alternative Sikaplan® flexible membrane waterproofing solutions
are available. These include systems in combination with drainage, plus systems in combina-
tion with Sika® Waterbars, for both single and double compartment waterproofing. For the most
stringent requirements, the Sikaplan® Active Control System with additional vacuum dewatering
capabilities is used.

Rigid Waterproofing Systems Flexible Waterproofing Systems 1. Drainage System 2. Waterstopping System 3. Active Control System
Not suitable against hydrostatic Suitable against hydrostatic pressure A waterstopping system with
Waterproof mortar Watertight Loose laid Hot applied Liquid applied pressure dewatering capabilities – suitable
rendering concrete Sikaplan® WP/WT “torch-on” bitu- polymer
against hydrostatic pressure
sheet membranes men membranes membrane

Suitable against
Loose laid, with lateral drainage, Loose laid, welded with compartments Loose laid, welded with compartments
hydrostatic water
pressure
P P P P P without compartments formed from additional waterbars formed from additional waterbars

Specialized For waterproofing against damp soil For waterproofing against water under For waterproofing against water under
contractor required 7 7 P P P contact and percolating water hydrostatic pressure hydrostatic pressure and incorporating
Requires drainage pipes at the base Compartments are injectable in the the Sika Active Control System
(sump drain) bottom to prevent any event of any movements or damage High security for maintaining the water-
No substrate
build-up of water pressure causing leaks in the waterproofing tightness with vacuum dewatering
preparation required 7 n.a. P 7 7 membranes Compartments are injectable in the
Suitable products event of any movement or damage
No priming of Sikaplan® WP 1100 Suitable products causing leaks in the waterproofing
substrate required 7 n.a. P 7 7 Sikaplan® WT 1200
Sika® Dilatec c®, type E/ER sealing
Sikaplan® WP 1100
Sikaplan® WT 1200
membranes

strips Sika® Waterstops, PVC types Suitable products

Crack-bridging
Sikadur®-Combiflex® System Sika® Waterstops, FPO types Sikaplan® WP 1100 H / HE
ability 7 7 P P P Sika® Dilatec®, type E/ER strips Sikaplan® WT 1200 C / CE
Sikadur®-Combiflex® System Sika® Waterstops, PVC types
Prevents water Sika® Control® system and Sika® Waterstops, FPO types
underflow P P P P P injection ports Sika® Dilatec c®, type E/ER strips
with compartments Sika® Injection-305 resin Sikadur -Combiflex® System
®

Sika® Control® system and

Requires no support injection ports
7 n.a. P 7 7 Sika® Injection-305 resin

No need to be
bonded to the
surface
7 n.a. P 7 7

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Sikaplan Membrane Systems for all
®
The Sikaplan Flexible Waterproofing ®

Types of Construction Procedures Membranes

Construction Procedures The Sikaplan® Membranes
Open trench excavation Open trench excavation with Construction inside Properties Sikaplan® WT 1200 Sikaplan® WP 1100
with sloping sides retaining walls diaphragm walls Former product names Sarnafil TG 68-... Sarnafil TG 68-...N Sikaplan-9.6 Sikaplan-14.6 Sikaplan-24.6
C: Fleece stabilized -16 C -25 CE -15 HL2
E: Embossed -20 C -35 CE -20 HL2
H: Homogeneous -30 C -30 HL2
L: Laminated
2: Extruded

Material base FPO-PE with glass fleece restraint PVC-P, homogeneous

Available thickness*
16, 20, 30 25, 35 15, 20, 30
(mm)
Top layer: green Top layer: yellow
Colour
Reverse layer: black Reverse layer: black

Membrane surface Top layer: smooth

Smooth Smooth
appearance Reverse: embossed

Roll width (m) 2.00 2.00

CE conformity According to EN 13967

* Thickness depending on project requirements and local standards. Physical properties according to Product Data Sheets

The correct Selection of Sikaplan® WP (PVC-P)

or Sikaplan® WT (FPO-PE) Membranes
Sikaplan® WP (PVC-P) Sikaplan® WT (FPO-PE)

Bitumen resistance No Yes

Resistance to salt water Yes Yes

Resistance to chemically polluted
No Yes
groundwater
Resistance to water under hydrostatic
Yes Yes
pressure at 5 bar
Suitability for installation during cold
Good Needs experience
temperatures
Site seam preparation Not required Activation and cleaning with solvent cleaner

Seam welding With suitable heat welding machines With suitable heat welding machines

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Ancillary Products for Sikaplan ®
Detailing and Connections with
Membrane Systems Sikaplan Membrane Systems
®

The compatibility of materials and the professional sealing of details will decide on the Sika® Waterbars are used to form watertight compartments with the Sikaplan® sheet membrane water-
successful waterproofing of basement structures. proofing systems below base slabs, above roof slabs and behind external walls. These compartments
above underground roof slabs must be produced using Sika® Dilatec® and Sikadur ®-Combiflex® water-
proofing tapes. The waterproofing terminations on external walls and at intersections are made using
liquid applied Sikalastic® products, to ensure that completely watertight basements are achieved.

Sika® Waterbars, PVC and TPO/FPO based types Sikaplan® WP – Sika® Dilatec® Sikaplan® WT – Sikadur®-Combiflex® Sikaplan® WP/WT – Sika® Waterbars AR/DR

Sika® Waterbar type AR (PVC) Waterproofing terminations of Sikaplan® sheet membranes at walls
Sika® Waterbar type DR (PVC)
Sika® Waterstop type MP AF (TPO/FPO)
for compartments on the base slabs Sika® Dilatec® Sikadur®-Combi
Sikadur Combiflex
flex® Sika® Waterbars
and walls ER-350 strip AR/DR (PVC)
Sikadur®-31 CF Sikadur®-31 CF Sika® Waterbars
(EP adhesive) (EP adhesive) AF (PE)
Sikaplan® WP 1100 Sikaplan® WT 1200 Sikaplan® WP/WT
Sikadur ® Combiflex joint sealing system membranes membranes membranes

Sikadur®-Combiflex® strip
Sikadur®-31 CF (EP adhesive)
for watertight compartments
and terminations Compartments over construction joints on roof slabs

Sika® Dilatec® E-220 Sikadur®-Combiflex® strip

Sikadur®-31 CF (EP adhesive) Sikadurr®-31 CF (EP adhesive)
Sikadu
Sika® Dilatec, type E/ER joint and edge sealing strips Sikaplan® WP 1100 Sikaplan® WT 1200
membranes membranes
Sika® Dilatec® E-220 for expansion joints
Sika® Dilatec® ER -350 for waterproofing
terminations
Sikadur®-31 CF (EP adhesive)
for watertight compartments and
terminations using PVC membranes Compartments over expansion joints on roof slabs

Sika® Dilatec® ER-350 Sikadur®-Combiflex® tape

Sikadur®-31 CF (EP adhesive) Sikadurr®-31 CF (EP adhesive)
Sikadu
Sika® Control system and injection flanges
Sikaplan® WP 1100 Sikaplan® WT 1200
membranes membranes

Intersection details with liquid applied Sikalastic membranes

Sika® Dilatec® E-220 Sikadur®-Combiflex® strip

Sikadur®-31 CF (EP adhesive) Sikadurr®-31 CF (EP adhesive)
Sikadu
Sikaplan® WP 1100 Sikaplan® WT 1200
Sikaplan® WP/WT laminated metal sheets membranes membranes
Sikalastic®-450/-801/-822 Sikalastic®-450/-80/-822
Sikaplan® WP/WT protection sheets liquid membranes liquid applied membranes
Sikagard®-186 (EP primer) Sikagard®-186 (EP primer)
Sikaplan® WP/WT disk fixing pieces

10 | 11
Heat Welding of Sikaplan ®
Quality Control of welded Seams
Membranes on Site
The seam overlaps of the membranes are securely and homogeneously welded with electric The welded seams of Sikaplan® flexible membranes are always thoroughly quality control tested
heat welding machines; this can be done manually with hand welding guns, or automatically on site to confirm their watertightness. This is done by both visual and physical testing methods,
with self-propelled machines. The butt joints of the Sika® Waterbars are heat welded with special electrical testing for voids is also straightforward. Quality control of the completed membrane
heated blades. installation on the structure prior to the concreting works is therefore particularly easy and
extremely important. It therefore gives the Sikaplan® flexible sheet membrane systems another
real advantage in ensuring the prevention of any future leaks in important basement structures
that are specifically designed to be watertight.

Manual welding with hand Automatic welding with Heat welding of Sika Visual testing Physical testing Electric testing
welding gun and pressure self-propelled machine Waterbars onto the installed
roller Sikaplan® membrane with
heated blades

Testing with blunt screw driver Physical testing with a vacuum bell Electric testing with a “holiday” detector

Single seams (width >30 mm) are Double seams (widths: 15 mm each
produced with hand welding guns and plus 10 mm air testing channel) only Physical testing of double welded seams
pressure rollers or with automatic with automatic welding machines. and central void with compressed air
welding machines.

Inadequate workmanship or incorrect installation of membrane waterproofing could mean

that the structure is not watertight, thus allowing future water ingress. Sika trained professional
Butt joints between Sika a® Waterbars contractors and quality control on site are always recommended to prevent such defects.
type AR/AF are made with hot copper
blades whilst the waterbar’s ends are
fixed into special clamps.

Non-professional welding Incorrect welding Ignoring substrate requirements and

omitting protective backing materials

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Watertight Security and Extending Service Life
with Sikaplan Flexible Membrane Systems
®

Repairing Leaks at any Time during the Construction Period and the Service Life of the Structure
A compartmental water-
stopping system with Sika®
Waterbars and welded
double layer Sikaplan® sheet
membranes is combined with
Sika® injectable pipes and
ports cast into the concrete
structure, to provide the
security of complete water-
tightness control, allowing
fast location, then fast and
easy repairs using Sika®
injection resins, if this is ever
required at any time during
the construction period or
during the entire service life
of the structure.

Leaks through damaged membrane are Repairing the waterproofing by the injection
easily detected as water appears in the of Sika® Injection-305 resin through the
Sika® Control pipes and injection ports. Sika® Control pipe and injection port.

Possible Reasons for Membrane Water- Sika® Injection-305 Two-Component Sika®

proofing System Leaks Injection Pump for
Polyacrylate Gels

Watertight compartments cast under the Membrane perforated during construction works A flexible, very low-viscous The Sika® Injection Pump
floor slabs Welded seam overlaps not professionally welded and and fast-reacting poly- PN-2C is specially designed for
tested to be watertight acrylate injection gel for the full curtain injection watertight
Torn membrane after excessive settlement or other permanent watertight seal- sealing. A two-component pump
structural movement ing of damaged membrane is required, for the fast-reacting
waterproofing installations polyacrylate gels to the individual
(both single and double components are introduced sepa-
layer systems). The material rately and mixed at the gun.
Sika® Control and injection ports Sika® Control and injection ports reacts to form a waterproof, The actual mixing takes place in a
flexible but solid gel with static mixer in the head. Suitable
good adhesion to both dry injection packers are inserted into
and wet substrates. the Sika® Control system
injection ports.

14 | 15
Global Case Studies
Flexible Waterproofing of Basement Structures with Sikaplan Membranes
®

Project Project Project Project

The National Bank HQ Building, Lisbon, Portugal, 1992 Turkish Commercial Centre, Moscow, Russia, 2001 Central Aquarium, Moscow, Russia, 2007 Golden Mile Project, Palm Island, Dubai, U.A.E., 2007

Sika solution Sika solution Sika solution Sika solution

Pile cup waterproofing details with preformed double-flanged Waterproofing details with Sikaplan® membrane for the floating Single-layer compartmentalized Sikaplan® TPO/FPO A large basement of 80 000 m2 made watertight with
sections of Sikaplan® sheet membranes. slab design, to accommodate the anticipated settlement membrane with the Sika® Active Control System injection pipes Sikaplan® flexible waterproofing, including preformed
Sikaplan® WP 1100-20 HL: 25 000 m2 movement and building load both during and after construction. and ports installed in the concrete. detailing sections for more than 1500 pile caps installed in
Sikaplan® WP Waterbar type AR: 12 000 m Sikaplan® WP 1115-20 H translucent: 14 500 m2 Sikaplan® WT 1200-20 C: 60 000 m2 combination with Sikadur®-42 epoxy grout.
Sikaplan® WT Waterbar type AR: 12 000 m Sikaplan® WP 1100-20 HL: 90 000 m2
Sikaplan® WP Waterbar type AR: 27 000 m

Details of the base slab

compartments

Detail of the slab/wall

intersection
Details of the pile head

Detail of the pile cap waterproofing

16 | 17
Global Case Studies
Flexible Waterproofing of Basement Structures with Sikaplan Membranes
®

Project Project Project Project

Wadi El Nile Street underpass, Cairo, Egypt, 1988 Pavan 2, Residential and commercial complex, Venice, Hotel Moscow, Moscow, Russia,2007 Vorobyovi Gori condominium,
Italy, 2004 garage and basement roof deck, Moscow, Russia, 2007

Sika solution Sika solution Sika solution Sika solution

Sikaplan® flexible sheet membrane waterproofing, installed Basement waterproofing with Sikaplan® flexible water- Waterproofing by installation of the Sikaplan® flexible sheet Underground car parking and storage areas with the roof slab
with automatic double-seam welding and air pressure testing, proofing installed on the formwork and then welded to the membrane system with work continuing on site even during waterproofed with Sikaplan® flexible sheet membranes,
to confirm watertightness prior to backfilling over protective Sika® Waterbars in the joints to ensure a watertight temperatures as low as –15 °C. also providing watertight tree planting box-outs and bases for
sheeting. structure. Sikaplan® WT 1200-20 C: 20 000 m2 children’s play areas.
Sikaplan® WP 1110-15 H: 6100 m2 Sikaplan® WP 1100-20 HL: 9500 m2 Sikaplan® WP 1100-15 HL/-20 HL/-30 HL:
Sikaplan® WP Waterbar type AR: 3000 m 128 000 m2

Lining for the basement slab formwork Membrane installation at extremely low temperatures Garage roof deck with integrated tree
planting box-outs; watertightness testing by
flooding the plant boxes

Double-seam welding and pressure testing

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Flexible Waterproofing
of Basement Structures
with Sikaplan Membranes
®