Argumentative Text, Discussion Text, Explanation Text

ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT
ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT
Simply put, Argumentative Text can be interpreted as text whose contents are
dominated by the arguments of the author on an issue. For example, the issue that is
being discussed at the moment is from the world of education, namely the existence of essay-
shaped questions in the 2018 national exam. Now, an argumentative text can be compiled
based on our opinions and arguments on this issue, for example, I feel disagree with the
issue, then in the argumentation text that I made I will start with a statement that leads to the
main idea that I do not agree on the issue. For example, I can say "I personally think that the
essay type of questions is not suitable in National Examination", then in the next paragraph I
will present an argument that explains why I express my opinion.
SOCIAL FUNCTION / PURPOSE OF ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT
Regarding the social function or purpose of an Argumentative Text, I quote a statement from
the book titled "Exploring How Texts Work" by Beverly Derewianka which states that the
purpose of the Argumentative Text in general is: "to take a position on some issues and
justify it "or if we translate it in Indonesian roughly means" take a stand on an issue and
give reasons for it ".
GENERIC STRUCTURE OF ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT
There are three elements in the text structure or generic structure of argumentative text,
namely:
- Thesis Statement (statement of position)
The first part of the text where we as writers clearly state our opinions or attitudes about
the issues we raise as the theme of the writing.
- Argument
Contains points of argument as well as evidence that supports our attitude or opinion in
the thesis statement.
- Summing up the position
It contains a restatement or conclusion about our attitude or opinion on the issue we
discussed. There is a difference between Analytical Exposition and Hortatory Exposition at
this final stage, where the Analytical section is finally called the "Reiteration" or in the
Indonesian language "re-statement" while the Hortatory section is finally called
"Recommendation" which means "Recommendation or suggestion".
LANGUAGE FEATURES OF ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT
Language elements or Language Features of Argumentative Text include:
- Abstract Noun
Abstract nouns (can't be seen, heard or touched), for example: beauty, bravery, culture,
confidence, goodness, hope, etc.
- Verb Action
Verbs that describe actions that humans or animals can take, for example: eat, touch, talk,
watch, walk, etc.
- Temporal Connectives
Vocabulary that connects one event to another in sequence, for example: firstly, secondly,
thirdly, etc.
- Capital Auxiliaries
Some forms of capital, for example: can, may, must, should, etc.
- Technical Terms
Specific terms related to the theme we raise, for example: examination, score, assessment,
evaluation, test, etc.
- Reasoning Connectives
Vocabulary that shows a relationship of reasons, for example: because of, so, therefore, etc.
- Simple present tense
Dominated by sentences in the form of simple present tense.
Discussion Text
Definition of Discussion Text
Discussion is a process of finding common ground between two different thoughts, views
or opinions. And discussion text can be defined :
Discussion text is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This problem will be
discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical,
historic, and social text. In other word, Discussion is a kind of genre used to present (at least)
two points of view about an issue.
General structure of Discussion Text
– Issue : stating the issue which is to discussed
– Argument pro : presenting the point in in supporting the presented issue
– Argument cons : presenting other points which disagree to the supporting point
– Conclusion / recommendation : stating the writer’ recommendation of the discourse
Purpose of Discussion text
– To present two points of view about issue or problem.
– To present arguments from differing points of view about issue or problem..
Language feature of Discussion text
– Introducing category or generic participant
– Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc
– Using contrastive conjunction; however, on the other hand, but, in other side, although, etc
– Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
– Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc
– Simple present
Explanation Text
Definition of Explanation Text
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific
and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the
phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.
 Generic Structure of Explanation Text
1. General statement
General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
2. Sequenced of explanation
Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the
phenomena.
 Purpose of Explanation Text
1. Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural,
social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.
2. To explain how or why something happens.
According to Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson (1997: 82) says that the
explanation text type is often used to tell how and why thing (phenomena)
occur in nature.
 Language Features of Explanation Text
In an explanation text, there are linguistic features as below :
1. Using simple present tense
2. Using abstract noun (no visible noun)
3. Using Passive voice
4. Using Action verbs
5. Containing explanation of the process ..
Examples of Explanation Text

Example of Explanation Text about Natural Phenomenon
How does Rain Happen?
Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable
conditions for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop
irrigation.
The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle involves
the sun heating the Earth’s surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The
water vapor rises into the Earth’s atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and
condenses into liquid droplets. The droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth as
precipitation which can be in the form of rain or snow.
However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This
is called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions

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ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT

Examples of Explanation Text

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