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STATICS
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 1
ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW

Force System
45"
5
4 3

x
y

F2–16

F2–17. Cartesian Vector

Express the force as a Cartesian vector.

z
F ! 750 N !
F = Fx i + Fy j+ Fz k

45"

60"
y

F2–17 

Position Vectors
F2–18. Determine the resultant force acting on the hook.
! vector
F = Fn̂ z n̂ =
ขนาด
F1 ! 500 lb
5
3
4

30" y
x
45"

F2 ! 800 lb

F2–18

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 ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW

1. Determine the unit vector of force F1 and the x, y, z component

of force F1

1

66 CHAPTER 2 FORCE VECTORS

*2–96. The tower is held in place by three cables. If the 2–98

force of each cable acting on the tower is shown, determine pole
the magnitude and coordinate direction angles a, b, g of form
the resultant force. Take x = 20 m, y = 15 m.

z
2. จงหา unit vector ของ AC, DA และ DC กำหนดให้ x = 20 m2
D
และ y = 0 m.
600 N
800 N
400 N

24 m

16 m 4m
O B
C
6m
18 m y x y

A
x

Prob. 2–96
2–99
posi
•2–97. The door is held opened by means of two chains. If is d
the tension in AB and CD is FA = 300 N and FC = 250 N, dete
respectively, express each of these forces in Cartesian FB a
vector form.
*2–1
z in p
C
forc
dete
1.5 m C
2.5 m
FB

FC ! 250 N
A
FA ! 300 N

1. F 1 = 13 i ̂ + 22.5 j ̂ − 15k̂ N, nF
̂ = 0.433 i ̂ + 0.75 j ̂ − 0.5k̂

30" D
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0.5 m
1m
B
 may be any line which neither intersects nor is parallel to the line of ac-
tion of the force. This rotational tendency is known as the moment M of
the force. Moment is also referred to as torque. ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
As a familiar example of the concept of moment, consider the pipe
MOMENT OF FORCE wrench of Fig. 2/8a. One effect of the force applied perpendicular to
the handle of the wrench is the tendency to rotate the pipe about its
vertical axis. The magnitude of this tendency depends on both the
d
magnitude F of the force and the effective length d of the wrench
handle. Common experience shows that a pull which is not perpendic-
F ular to the wrench handle is less effective than the right-angle pull
shown.
Scalar M A = Fd '
Moment about a Point
Figure 2/8b shows a two-dimensional body acted on by a force F in
its plane. The magnitude of the moment or tendency of the force to ro-
(a)
tate the body about the axis O-O perpendicular to the plane of the
O body is proportional both to! the magnitude
! ! of the force and to the mo-
Vector
ment arm d, which is theM A
= r × F
perpendicular distance from the axis to the
line of action of the force. Therefore, the magnitude of the moment is
M defined as
F
α
r
A M ! Fd (2/5)
d

The moment is a vector M perpendicular to the plane of the body. The

O (b)
sense of M depends on the direction in which F tends to rotate the
M
body. The right-hand rule, Fig. 2/8c, is used to identify this sense. We
represent the moment of F about O-O as a vector pointing in the direc-
tion of the thumb, with the fingers curled in the direction of the rota-
tional tendency.
The moment M obeys all the rules of vector combination and may
be considered a sliding vector with a line of action coinciding with the
moment axis. The basic units of moment in SI units are newton-meters
(N ! m), and in the U.S. customary system are pound-feet (lb-ft).
(c) When dealing with forces which all act in a given plane, we custom-
y

 arily speak of the moment about a point. By this we mean the moment
F with respect to an axis normal to the plane and passing through the
x point. Thus, the moment of force F about point A in Fig. 2/8d has the
+
M = Fd magnitude M ! Fd and is counterclockwise.
A
Moment directions may be accounted for by using a stated sign con-
vention, such as a plus sign (") for counterclockwise moments and a
d
minus sign (#) for clockwise moments, or vice versa. Sign consistency
within a given problem is essential. For the sign convention of Fig. 2/8d,
(d) the moment of F about point A (or about the z-axis passing through
point A) is positive. The curved arrow of the figure is a convenient way
Figure 2/8 to represent moments in two-dimensional analysis.

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 ติ
F4–3. Determine the moment ofวthe
ฟรี force
STATICSabout
BY P’E UW O.
point
3. Determine the moment of the force about point O. F " 300 N

30!

O 45!
0.3 m

0.4 m

F4–3

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 ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
4. The cable AB carries a tension of 400 N. Determine the moment
about O of this tension as applied to point A of the slender bar.
1

MO=191.0 N·m CCW

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Determine the resultant moment produced by the F 4–11. Determine the moment of force F about point O.
bout point O. Express the result as a Cartesian vector.
ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
F1 " 500 N
5. Determine the moment of force F about point O.
z
0.125 m Express the result as a Cartesian
5 3 vector.
0.3 m 4

F " 120 lb
A 1 ft O B
60!
4 ft
m 2 ft
C
y
F2 " 600 N x A
4 ft
O
F4–8
F4–11
Determine the resultant moment produced by the F4–12. If F1 = 5100i - 120j + 75k6 lb and F2 = 5-200i
bout point O. + 250j + 100k6 lb, determine the resultant moment
produced by these forces about point O. Express the result
as a Cartesian vector.
z
6 ft
2 " 200 lb

6 ft 4 ft
30! 30! F1
F1 " 300 lb O F2
O 5 ft
3 ft A y

F4–9
F4–12

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 200-N force about the xaxis.
x
ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
6. Determine the magnitude of the moment of the 200-N
force about the point O. z F4–18.
y, and t

0.3 m F " 200 N

45!
120!
60!
A

O 0.25 m
x
x
y

F4–15

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 ติวฟรี S1TATICS BY P’EUW
7. เส้นเชือก BC รับแรงขนาด 750 N
ก) จงเขียนเวกเตอร์ของแรงตึงเชือก BC
ข) จงหาโมเมนต์รอบจุด O 


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 2
ติวฟรีติวSฟรีTATICS
STATICS
3 BYBYP’EP’E
UWUW

2D Equilibrium
1 EQUILIBRIUM
FREE BODY DIAGRAMS equation >/ Unknow
แรงที่เกิดใน Free body diagrams ประกอบด้วย 3 ส่วน
1. แรงจากน้ำหนักของวัตถุ
2. แรงจากการกระทำภายนอก
FREE BODY DIAGRAMS
3. แรงเนื่องจาก support (จุดเชื่อมต่อระหว่างวัตถุกับวัตถุอื่น)

20 N
แรงที่เกิดใน Free body diagrams ประกอบด้วย 3 ส่วน
1. แรงจากน้ำหนักของวัตถุ M Moo µ20N
2. แรงจากการกระทำภายนอก
A B C
3. แรงเนื่องจาก support (จุดเชื่อมต่อระหว่างวัตถุกับวัตถุอื่น)

20 N 213=0 !
EMAO
Etzao :

แรงเนื
A ่องจาก SUPPORT
B (2-D) brsottbwohohbohdohtoq
C '£
pin support ΣFx
Pulley and cable =0

h¥u ΣFy = 0
tai

a*E#X
m1
roller support
mg

¥⇐n
ΣM = 0
smooth surface

kiss
*
uilibrium
REACTION LOAD
 .

Pindiagram
fixed support
supportof each M N
nd correct free-body All forces, known and unknown, should be labeled.
ated in the statements. The weights
Weld (Note: Therough surface
sense of some reaction components cannot
gnificant only if the mass is stated. always be determined without numerical calculation.)
smooth slot

uspendedcable
Roller Support
niform horizontal bar of mass m
by vertical cable at A and
[#nj
5. Uniform grooved wheel of mass m
supported by aspring
rough surface and by
FF
upported by rough inclined surface action of horizontal cable. tension
B. ' 0

¥E ]→Ek×
θ F
Friction
 m
T
A m B
Compression
' 


heel of mass m on verge of being

lled over curb by pull P.
xaeooaion ,X=L-butLo
6. Bar, initially horizontal deflected
under load L. Pinned to rigid support
tunstrekhlength
]←Ftkx
at each end.

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facebook.com/b.EngSocial
A B
eaction at C. to cause loss of contact at A. quired to lift the wheelbarrow free of the ground at
point B. The combined weight of the wheelbarrow

A
4m A 7 ft ติวฟรี S
TATICS
and its load is 240 lb with center BY UW
of gravity at G. P’E
8. Determine the magnitude P of the vertical force required to lift P 800 lb

the wheelbarrow 30
free
° of the ground at point B. The combined
weight of the wheelbarrow and its load is 240 lb with center of
3.2 m A A B
gravity at G. 2L/3 G
24″
20″


C
0.2 m B B
m
w
L/3 B C
d
O 19″ 21″ 8″

G
D Prob. 5–35Problem 3/21
x 3/22 The force P on the handle of the positioning lever
produces a vertical compression of 60 lb in the
Probs. 5–32/33 coiled spring in the position shown. Determine
*5–36. Outriggers Atheand B are used to stabilize the crane
corresponding force exerted by the pin at O on
m1
from overturning when
the lever. large loads. If the load to be
lifting
lifted is 3 Mg, determine the maximum boom angle u so that
–34. Determine the horizontal and vertical components the crane does not overturn. The crane has a mass of 5 Mg
Problem 3/19
f reaction at the pin A and the normal force at the smooth and center of mass at GC, whereas the boom has a mass of
P
eg B on the member. 3/20 A 700-N axial force is required to remove 0.6
the Mg and center of mass at GB.
pulley
from its shaft. What force F must be exerted on the
9. ขาตั้งที่ A และhandle
B มีไว้เพื่อยกรถเครนให้ลอยจากพื้น
of each of the two prybars? Friction at the
contact points B and E is sufficient to prevent slip- 8"
หากขณะนี้รถเครนยกของหนัก 3 Mg จงหามุมเอียงของ 4.5 m
ping; friction at the pulley contact points C and F is
แขนยก θ สูงสุดnegligible.
ที่ไม่ทำให้ รถคว่ำ ทราบว่ารถเครน
หนัก 5 Mg มีจุดศูนย์กลางมวลที่จุด GC และแขนยกหนัก
0.6 Mg จุดศูนย์กลางมวลที่ GB. 38 31
mm mm GB 5m O
B C O F E A GC
0.4 m C
30" u

0.4 m
F ! 600 N 3.20 " 2.8 m
B
250 mm A Problem 3/22 B
30" 0.7 m
A
2.3 m

Prob. 5–34 Prob. 5–36

F F
A D
5°

Problem 3/20

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34 Chapter 2 Force Systems
ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
2/1110.
TheGiven that the pole
t-component is fixed
of the forcetoFthe ground to
is known at its
be base.
75 (a)
F11 ==330
F kNkN
 Draw a 2-dimensional free body diagram
N. Determine the n-component and the magnitudeof the pole 

(b)  Determine ALL the reactions at the base of the pole 

of F.
Ans. Fn ! "62.9 N, F ! 97.9 N 30°
A
n
t 1m
F F2 == 750kNkN
10° 45°

30°
y

1m
x
Problem 2/11

2/12 A force F of magnitude 800 N is applied to point C of

the bar AB as shown. Determine both the x-y and Problem 2/13
the n-t components of F.
2/14 To satisfy design limitations it is necessary to deter-
y mine the effect of the 2-kN tension in the cable on
A the shear, tension, and bending of the fixed I-beam.
n
For this purpose replace this force by its equivalent
x of two forces at A, Ft parallel and Fn perpendicular
to the beam. Determine Ft and Fn.

t A
20°
C
F = 800 N
40° 2 kN
30°

60° B

Problem 2/12
Problem 2/14
2/13 The two forces shown act at point A of the bent bar.
Determine the resultant R of the two forces.
Ans. R ! 2.35i " 3.45j kN

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 ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
แรงระหว่าง Member
300 kg

A B

5 2 [1]

(Two-force member)

2-FORCE MEMBER
ในสภาวะสมดุล เมื่อวัตถุมีแรงเพียง 2 แรงกระทำ แรงทั้ง 2 นั้นจะต้องมีขนาดเท่ากัน อยู่ในแนวเส้นตรงเดียวกัน และมี
ทิศทางตรงข้ามกัน


= 200 N P
By
Bx

Ax

Ay
-P
( ) ( ) ( )
6 [1]

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 A
P ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
50º 11. Determine the reactions at B and D when b = 120 mm. 

C 90 mm
D D
B
3 in. 80 N 75 mm
15 in.
Fig. P4.65 C
b

A B
ermine the reactions at B and D when b 5 60 mm.
250 mm
ermine the reactions at B and D when b 5 120 mm. Fig. P4.66 and P4.67

ermine the reactions at B and C when a 5 1.5 in.

2 in.
3 in. 5 in.

3 in. D
B
a A
55° 1.4 m
D

50 lb A C
0.4 m
Fig. P4.68
B

-kg crate is attached to the trolley-beam system shown. Know-

hat a 5 1.5 m, determine (a) the tension in cable CD, (b) the W
ion at B.
a
e Prob. 4.69, assuming that a 5 3 m. Fig. P4.69

185

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3/44 The portable floor crane in the automotive shop is lift-
ing a 420-lb engine. For the position shown compute
the magnitude of the force supported by the pin at C
ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
6″
and12.theThe
oil portable p against
pressure floor cranethe
in 3.20-in.-diameter
the automotive shop is lifting a 420-lb engine. Compute the force supported by
piston of the hydraulic-cylinder unit AB.
the pin at C and the oil pressure p against the 3.20-in.-diameter piston of the
Problem 3/45
hydraulic-cylinder unit AB. 


3/46 Calculate the normal forces associated with the

″ front and rear wheel pairs of the 1600-kg front-
42
wheel-drive van. Then repeat the calculations when
″
the van (a) climbs a 10-percent grade and (b) de-
18 scends a 10-percent grade, both at constant speed.
B
30° Compute the percent changes nA and nB in the nor-
C
mal forces compared with the nominal values. Be
sure to recognize that propulsive and braking forces
are present for cases (a) and (b).
30″

6″
G

660 mm

Problem 3/44 A B
1200 mm 1800 mm

Problem 3/46

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 Ans. F ! 13.98 N, O ! 48.8 N the nail, calculate the tension T in the nail and the
magnitude A of the force exerted by the hammer
B
ติวฟรี S
head on the block. The contacting surfaces at A are
P’E
TATICS BY UW
sufficiently rough to prevent slipping.
18 mm Ans. T ! 800 N, A ! 755 N
13. A block placed under the headO of the claw hammer as shown
greatly facilitates the extraction of the nail. If a 200-N pull on the
200 N
handle is required 38to mm
pull the nail, calculate the tension T in the nail
and the magnitude A of the force exerted by the F
A hammer head on the
block. The contacting surfaces at A are sufficiently rough 10° to prevent
slipping.1 F 200 mm
20°

44 mm

Problem 3/23
A
45 mm

50 mm

Problem 3/25

T = 800 N, A = 755 N

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 Two forceFrictionless
components Fy (one unknown)
Ball surface (one unknown)

3
Wheel on rail
ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW

3D Equilibrium
Fz

Two force components

Roller on Wheel on rail
rough surface Fy Fy

Fx Fy
Fz Fz
Three force components Fx Two force components
Roller on Wheel on rail Fz
Ball and socket rough surface
3-D FREE BODY DIAGRAM Ball and socket
Rough surface
Three force components

My
My Fy
Fy
Mx Fy Mx
Mx Fy Mx
Fx
Mz Fx Fx Fx Fz
Fz Fz Mz
Fz
onents Universal Three force components Three force components
Three force components Three force components
joint Rough surface
Fixed support and one couple Ball
Fixedand socket
support and three couples
ple and three couples

(My) My
Fy
(My)
Mx Fy Fy Mx
Fy Fx (Mz) Fx
Fz Mz
Fz Fz
(MUniversal Two force components
z) F Three force components Three force components
z supporting radial load only
Hinge and bearing (and two couples)
joint and one couple Fixed support and three couples
Two force components
ng radial load only (and two couples) (My)

(My)
Fy
(My)
(Mz) Fx
Fz Fy

Hinge andFbearing
y supporting Three force components
(M )
Pin and bracket axial thrust and radial load (and two couples) z Fz
(Mz) Fx Two force components
Fig. 4.10 Fz
Reactions at supports and connections.
Hinge and bearing supporting radial load only (and two couples)
ng supporting Three force components 1
d radial load EQUATION FOR 3-D EQUILIBRIUM (and two couples)
(My)
ctions. !
ΣF = 0 Fy
191
(Mz) Fx
Fz
! Three force components
ΣMPin= and
0 bracket Hinge and bearing supporting
axial thrust and radial load (and two couples)

Fig. 4.10 Reactions at supports and connections.

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 cal load is applied at A when the lever is horizontal, determine
(a) the tension in the cord, (b) the reactions at C and D. Assume
that the bearing at D does not exert any axial thrust.
ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
14. คันโยก AB ยาว 200 mm ติดกับเพลา BE และลูกรอก E
y
ซึ่งมีเส้นผ่านศูนย์กลาง 240 mm ถ้ามีคนออกแรงกดที่คันโยก
720 N จงคำนวณหา (a) แรงตึงในเส้นเชือก T และ (b) แรง 40 mm
ปฏิกิริยาที่จุด C และ D กำนหดให้แบริ่ง D ไม่รับแรงตาม
แนวแกนเพลา
80 mm 120 mm
200 mm
T

D E
A 120 mm
C

x
720 N
B
z
Fig. P4.95

4.96 Solve Prob. 4.95, assuming that the axle has been rotated clockwise
in its bearings by 30° and that the 720-N load remains vertical.

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 ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
15. Determine the tensions in cables AB, AC, and AD.
1

TAB = 353.16 N, TAD = 382.59 N, TAC = 539.55 N

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 tension T1 in BD. Can this be accomplished by using
ติ
วฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
only one equation of equilibrium?

16. The vertical mast supports the 4-kN force and is z

constrained by the two fixed cables BC and BD and by
a ball-and-socket connection at A. Calculate the B
tension T2 in BC

1


5m T1
T2

y D

4 kN 5m 4m 2m
C
5m
4m
A
x

Problem 3/67

T2 = 4.472 kN

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 ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW

SUGGESTIONS
Dynamics
Statics เรียนหาแรงกระทำในสิ่งที่อยู่นิ่ง Dynamics ก็เป็นการหาแรง
กระทำในวัตถุที่กำลังเคลื่อนที่ เป็นวิชาที่ยากเอาการ เพราะจินตนาการนึก
ภาพตามยาก เนื้อหาไม่สามารถอธิบายออกมาเป็นคำพูดได้ตรงๆ ต้องอาศัย
การทำโจทย์เข้าช่วยเสริมที่มากพอ แต่วิชานี้สามารถนำไปใช้งานได้หลาก
หลายตั้งแต่ นำขนาดของแรงไปวิเคราะห์ว่าวัตถุนั้นเสียหายหรือไม่ ประยุกต์
ใช้กับเรื่องของไหลไปจนถึงวิเคราะห์การสั่นสะเทือน

Review :
“สอนโอเค บรรยากาศดี พี่เขาคอยตอบตลอดครับ” “ชอบตรงเนื้อหาเรียบเรียง
ดี” “พี่อธิบายไม่เร็วไม่ช้าเกินไป” “แบบฝึกหัดเยอะดีครับ”

Thermodynamics I


เป็นวิชาเกี่ยวกับ พลังงาน, ความร้อน, งาน กระทั้งกลไกการเปลี่ยนแปลง

มีการคำนวณและหาความสัมพันธ์ต่างๆ ซึ่งตรงจุดนี้ทำให้รู้สึกว่าเป็นวิชาที่
เข้าใจยาก แต่ถ้ามีการอธิชายเป็นรูปธรรม(เห็นภาพ) ก็จะไม่ยากอย่างที่คิด


Review :
“พี่ๆเอาใชใส่น้องๆมาก คอยถามอยู่ตลอดเลยว่าเข้าใจไหม สงสัยอะไร
หรือเปล่า ทำให้น้องๆได้ความรู้ความเข้าใจอย่างเต็มที่”

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