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    Kalaw Biochem HW

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    Justine
    This document contains a student's homework responses summarizing acid-base conditions. It discusses how respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis affect pH, pCO2 and HCO3 levels. Key points covered include: hyperventilation occurring in respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis; hypoventilation worsening metabolic alkalosis but helping respiratory acidosis; and how conditions like hysterics, emphysema, vomiting and diarrhea can cause acidosis or alkalosis through respiratory or metabolic mechanisms.

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    Kalaw Biochem HW

    Uploaded by

    Justine
    26 views2 pages
    This document contains a student's homework responses summarizing acid-base conditions. It discusses how respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis affect pH, pCO2 and HCO3 levels. Key points covered include: hyperventilation occurring in respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis; hypoventilation worsening metabolic alkalosis but helping respiratory acidosis; and how conditions like hysterics, emphysema, vomiting and diarrhea can cause acidosis or alkalosis through respiratory or metabolic mechanisms.

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    KALAW BIOCHEM HW

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    This document contains a student's homework responses summarizing acid-base conditions. It discusses how respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis affect pH, pCO2 and HCO3 levels. Key points covered include: hyperventilation occurring in respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis; hypoventilation worsening metabolic alkalosis but helping respiratory acidosis; and how conditions like hysterics, emphysema, vomiting and diarrhea can cause acidosis or alkalosis through respiratory or metabolic mechanisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    26 views2 pages

    Kalaw Biochem HW

    Uploaded by

    Justine
    This document contains a student's homework responses summarizing acid-base conditions. It discusses how respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis affect pH, pCO2 and HCO3 levels. Key points covered include: hyperventilation occurring in respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis; hypoventilation worsening metabolic alkalosis but helping respiratory acidosis; and how conditions like hysterics, emphysema, vomiting and diarrhea can cause acidosis or alkalosis through respiratory or metabolic mechanisms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Kalaw, Justine Ann C.

    3BIO2

    HW
    1) Using arrows (↑) or (↓), complete the table below that summarize the changes observed in
    respiratory & metabolic acidosis & alkalosis.

    Condition pH pCO2 [HCO3-]


    Respiratory Acidosis ↓ ↑ ↑
    Respiratory Alkalosis ↑ ↓ ↓
    Metabolic Acidosis ↓ ↓ ↓
    Metabolic Alkalosis ↑ ↑ ↑

    2) Hyperventilation is observed in what two conditions? What treatment goes w/ which condition?
    Why?
    Hyperventilation is observed in Respiratory Alkalosis and Metabolic Acidosis. For Respiratory
    Alkalosis, the treatments for hyperventilation is simply rebreathe one’s own exhaled air in order
    to administer CO2 which is needed by the body to make the pH levels less basic. While the
    treatments for Metabolic Acidosis are insulin therapy and hemodialysis which will also return the
    pH levels to normal since Metabolic Acidosis makes it acidic.
    3) In which condition is hypoventilation part of the problem rather than a cure? Explain.
    In Metabolic Alkalosis which is due to the decreased ventilation, makes the concentration of
    CO2 increase which therefore decreases the blood’s pH level. Too much carbon dioxide and too
    little oxygen in your blood can cause severe disorders or complications. A prime example is
    overdose of barbiturate or “Downers” which can leave a person in a coma.
    4) In which condition is hypoventilation the body’s way of helping itself? Explain.
    In order to counteract metabolic Alkalosis, which increases the pH level, the lungs
    hypoventilate as a defense mechanism to increase the pCO2 making and keeping the pH level of
    the blood at equilibrium or stable at pH 7.35.
    5) In respiratory & metabolic acidosis, in what way are these two conditions the same? In what
    way are they different?
    Respiratory Acidosis and Metabolic Alkalosis both make use of hypoventilation while
    Respiratory Alkalosis and Metabolic Acidosis both result in hyperventilation. This is due to the
    former usually favoring the right side and the forward reaction while the latter favors the left side
    making a backwards reaction. What makes the following different is that the pH levels that result
    from the 4 processes: Respiratory Acidosis and Metabolic Acidosis lowers the pH levels while
    Respiratory Alkalosis and Metabolic Acidosis result in a higher pH level.
    6) Explain the ff. situations:
    a) Hyperventilation in hysterics causes alkalosis
    - Hyperventilation in hysterics leads to a decreased partial pressure of arterial carbon
    dioxide (PaCO2). Which results in the decrease in PaCO2 and increases the ratio of
    bicarbonate concentration to PaCO2; therefore, increases pH level above normal.
    b) Emphysema leads to acidosis
    - Emphysema is a long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes
    shortness of breath due to over-inflation of the alveoli (air sacs in the lung). The
    shortness of breath causes the person to hypoventilate because they cannot release
    the excess CO2. There is an increase in [H+] and a lower pH level which results in
    Respiratory Acidosis.

    c) Prolonged vomiting leads to alkalosis


    - Prolonged vomiting hinders the person to properly breathe which leads to Metabolic
    Alkalosis due to decreasing the [H+] and increasing the pH level of blood. To
    counteract the Metabolic Alkalosis, the lungs hypoventilate to increase the Pco2 in
    the body.
    d) Uncontrolled diarrhea can cause acidosis
    - Metabolic acidosis could result from excessive loss of sodium bicarbonate from the
    body. This can occur with severe diarrhea. There will be an increase in the [H+] and
    a decrease in the blood pH level; as a defense mechanism, the lungs will
    hyperventilate to decrease the pCO2 and reach equilibrium

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