Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 1

This print-out should have 66 questions. side opposite to the rubber rod. Y is allowed
Multiple-choice questions may continue on to touch X and then is removed some distance
the next column or page – find all choices away. The rubber rod is then moved far away
before answering. The due time is Central from X and Y.
time. What are the final charges on the spheres?

Charge in Lightning 03 Sphere X Sphere Y

23:01, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor-
mal. 1. Zero Zero
001 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
A strong lightning bolt transfers about 25 C 2. Negative Negative
to Earth.
The charge on an electron is 1.60218 × 3. Negative Positive
−19
10 C.
How many electrons are transferred? 4. Positive Negative correct
Correct answer: 1.56038 × 1020 .
Explanation: 5. Positive Positive
Explanation:
Let : q = 25 C . The force is repulsive if the charges are of
The charge is proportional to the number the same sign, so when the negatively charged
of electrons, so rod moves close to the sphere X, the neg-
atively charged electrons will be pushed to
q = n qe sphere Y. If X and Y are separated before
q the rod moves away, those charges will re-
n=
qe main on X and Y. Therefore, X is positively
−25 C charged and Y is negatively charged.
=
−1.60218 × 10−19 C
= 1.56038 × 1020 . keywords:

Acceleration of a Particle
keywords: 23:05, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor-
mal.
AP EM 1993 MC 55 003 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
23:04, trigonometry, multiple choice, < 1 min, A particle of mass 50 g and charge 50 µC is
fixed. released from rest when it is 50 cm from a
002 (part 1 of 1) 10 points second particle of charge −20 µC.
Two metal spheres that are initially un- Determine the magnitude of the initial ac-
charged are mounted on insulating stands, celeration of the 50 g particle.
as shown. Correct answer: 719 m/s2 .
Explanation:
− − −− X Y

Let : m = 50 g ,
q = 50 µC = 5 × 10−5 C ,
A negatively charged rubber rod is brought d = 50 cm = 0.5 m ,
close to but does not make contact with sphere Q = −20 µC = −2 × 10−5 C , and
X. Sphere Y is then brought close to X on the ke = 8.9875 × 109 .
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 2

The force exerted on the particle is

|q1 | |q2 |
F = ke = ma

L
r2
~
k~q k kQk
k~ak = ke 2
¯ m d −5 ¯ ¯ q θ q
a
¯
¯5 × 10 C¯ ¯−2 × 10−5 C¯ m m
= ke
(0.05 kg) (0.5 m2 ) From the right triangle in the figure above,
2 we see that
= 719 m/s . a
sin θ = .
L
Therefore
a = L sin θ
= (0.15 m) sin(5◦ )
keywords: = 0.0130734 m .
The separation of the spheres is r = 2 a =
Hanging Charges 0.0261467 m . The forces acting on one of the
23:05, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor- spheres are shown in the figure below.
mal.
004 (part 1 of 1) 10 points T θ
T cos θ
Two identical small charged spheres hang in
equilibrium with equal masses as shown in θ
Fe
the figure. The length of the strings are equal T sin θ
and the angle (shown in the figure) with the
vertical is identical. mg
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2
Because the sphere is in equilibrium, the
and the value of Coulomb’s constant is
resultant of the forces in the horizontal and
8.98755 × 109 N m2 /C2 .
vertical directions must separately add up to
zero:
X
Fx = T sin θ − Fe = 0
0.1

X
Fy = T cos θ − m g = 0 .
m 5

From the second equation in the system

mg
5◦ above, we see that T = , so T can be
cos θ
0.03 kg 0.03 kg eliminated from the first equation if we make
Find the magnitude of the charge on each this substitution. This gives a value
sphere. Fe = m g tan θ
Correct answer: 4.4233 × 10−8 C.
= (0.03 kg) 9.8 m/s2 tan(5◦ )
¡ ¢
Explanation:
= 0.0257217 N ,
for the electric force.
From Coulomb’s law, the electric force be-
Let : L = 0.15 m , tween the charges has magnitude
m = 0.03 kg , and |q|2
θ = 5◦ . |Fe | = ke 2 ,
r
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 3

where |q| is the magnitude of the charge on

each sphere.
Note: The term |q|2 arises here because the
charge is the same on both spheres.
This equation can be solved for |q| to give F1,2 θ
s
|Fe | r2
|q| = F F1,3
ke
s
(0.0257217 N) (0.0261467 m)2
= The repulsive force
(8.98755 × 109 N m2 /C2 )
= 4.4233 × 10−8 C . q1 q2
F1,2 = kC 2
r1,2
= 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2
keywords:
5 × 10−9 C 6 × 10−9 C
¡ ¢¡ ¢
×
Serway CP 15 11 (0.3 m)2
23:05, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor- = 2.99585 × 10−6 N
mal.
005 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
Three charges are arranged in a triangle as acts along the negative x-axis, and the attrac-
shown. tive force
The Coulomb constant is 8.98755 ×
10 N · m2 /C2 .
9
F1,3 = kC
q1 |q3 |
2
r1,3
y
= 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2
5 × 10−9 C −3 × 10−9 C
¡ ¢¡ ¢
×
5 nC 0.3 m (0.1 m)2
x
+ + = −1.34813 × 10−5 N

0.1 m 6 nC
acts along the negative y-axis.
− Thus
−3 nC
Fnet = (2.99585 × 10−6 N)2
£
What is the net electrostatic force on the ¤1/2
charge at the origin? +(−1.34813 × 10−5 N)2
Correct answer: 1.38102 × 10−5 N. = 1.38102 × 10−5 N .
Explanation:

Let : q1 = 5 nC = 5 × 10−9 C , 006 (part 2 of 2) 10 points

q2 = 6 nC = 6 × 10−9 C , What is the direction of this force (as an angle
q3 = −3 nC = −3 × 10−9 C , between −180◦ and 180◦ measured from the
positive x-axis, with counterclockwise posi-
r1,2 = 0.3 m ,
tive)?
r1,3 = 0.1 m , and Correct answer: −102.529 ◦ .
kC = 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 . Explanation:
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 4
1
The electric field strength E ∝ , so
r2
F1,3
tan θ = 1
F1,2
µ ¶ EA r2 rB2 (2 r)2
−1 F1,3 = A = = = 4 .
θ = tan EB 1 rA2 r2
F1,2
µ −5 N ¶
rB2
−1 1.34813 × 10
= tan
2.99585 × 10−6 N
= 77.4712◦ keywords:

below the negative x-axis. From the positive Two Charge Field
x-axis, the angle is 23:13, trigonometry, multiple choice, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
−180◦ + 77.4712◦ = −102.529◦ . 008 (part 1 of 3) 10 points
Two point-charges at fixed locations pro-
duce an electric field as shown below.

keywords:

AP B 1993 MC 68
23:07, trigonometry, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
007 (part 1 of 1) 10 points A B
The diagram shows an isolated, positive
charge Q, where point B is twice as far away X
from Q as point A.

+Q A B Y

0 10 cm 20 cm
A negative charge placed at point X would
The ratio of the electric field strength at move
point A to the electric field strength at point
B is 1. toward charge B. correct

EA 8 2. toward charge A.
1. = .
EB 1
EA 4 3. along an equipotential plane.
2. = . correct
EB 1 Explanation:
EA 2 The electric field runs from a positive po-
3. = .
EB 1 tential to a negative potential, so it points
EA 1 from a positive charge to a negative charge.
4. = . Therefore the charge B is positive. A negative
EB 1
EA 1 charge will move toward a positive potential,
5. = . which creates lower potential energy and a
EB 2
higher kinetic energy.
Explanation:
009 (part 2 of 3) 10 points
Let : rB = 2 rA . The electric field at point X is
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 5

q
1. stronger than the field at point Y . cor- 6. d = a
rect Q
q √
7. d = 2a
2. weaker than the field at point Y . Q
q a
8. d =
3. the same as that the field at point Y . Q2
q a
Explanation: 9. d = √
Q 2
The field at X is stronger than the field
Explanation:
at Y , since the number of field lines per unit
We have the force on charge q on the x axis
volume at X is greater than the number of
due to charge Q on the y axis
field lines per unit volume at Y .
~ = 1 qQ
010 (part 3 of 3) 10 points F r̂ ,
4 π ²0 r 2
Estimate the ratio of the magnitude of p
charge A to the magnitude of charge B. Your where r = a2 + d2 . So the x component of
answer must be within ± 5%. the force on q is
Correct answer: 1.88889 .
Explanation: 1 qQ
Fx = cos θ
The number of field lines is proportional to 4 π ²0 r2
the magnitude of the charge. 1 qQ d
= 2 2
√
QA −17 4 π ²0 a +d a + d2
2
≈ = −1.88889 1 qQd
Q 9 = .
¯ B¯ 4 π ²0 (a + d2 )3/2
2
¯ QA ¯
¯ Q ¯ ≈ 1.88889 .
¯ ¯
B For maximum x component of the force,
∂ Fx
= 0 is required. Therefore
keywords: ∂d
∂Fx qQ a2 − 2 d 2
Maximum force on one charge = =0
∂d 4 π ²0 (a2 + d2 )5/2
23:05, calculus, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
011 (part 1 of 1) 10 points a2 − 2 d 2 = 0
Charge Q is on the y axis a distance a from a
the origin and charge q is on the x axis a d= √ .
2
distance d from the origin.
What is the value of d for which the x
component of the force on q is the greatest?
keywords:
1. d = 0
Charged Semicircle
23:10, calculus, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
2. d = a
012 (part 1 of 3) 10 points
√ Consider the setup shown in the figure be-
3. d = 2 a
low, where the arc is a semicircle with radius
a r. The total charge Q is negative, and dis-
4. d =
2 tributed uniformly on the semicircle. The
a charge on a small segment with angle ∆θ is
5. d = √ correct
2 labeled ∆q.
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 6
y
y
∆θ k |∆q| cos θ
−−−− A II I 4. ∆Ex =
− x r
θ −− r k |∆q| sin θ
− III IV 5. ∆Ex =
− x r
−
− O
−
−− 6. ∆Ex = k |∆q| r 2
−−
−−
B 7. ∆Ex = k |∆q| (sin θ) r 2
∆q is given by 8. ∆Ex = k |∆q| (cos θ) r 2
1. None of these 9. ∆Ex = k |∆q| (cos θ) r
2. ∆q = Q 10. ∆Ex = k |∆q| (sin θ) r
Q ∆θ Explanation:
3. ∆q =
2π Negative charge attracts a positive test
2 Q ∆θ charge. At O, ∆E points toward ∆q . Accord-
4. ∆q = ing to the sketch, the vector ∆Ex is pointing
π
Q ∆θ along the negative x axis. The magnitude of
5. ∆q = correct the ∆Ex is given by
π
Q k |∆q|
6. ∆q = ∆Ex = ∆E cos θ = cos θ .
2π r2
2Q
7. ∆q =
π
014 (part 3 of 3) 10 points
Q
8. ∆q = Determine the magnitude of the electric field
π at O . The total charge is −7.5 µC, the radius
9. ∆q = 2 π Q of the semicircle is 14 cm, and the Coulomb
constant is 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 .
10. ∆q = π Q Correct answer: 2.18941 × 106 N/C.
Explanation: Explanation:
The angle of a semicircle is π, thus the
charge on a small segment with angle ∆θ is
Let : Q = −7.5 µC ,
Q ∆θ
∆q = . r = 14 cm , and
π
k = 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 .
013 (part 2 of 3) 10 points
The magnitude of the x-component of the By symmetry of the semicircle, the y-
electric field at the center, due to ∆q, is given component of the electric field at the center
by is
Ey = 0 .
k |∆q|
1. ∆Ex = Combining part 1 and part 2,
r2
k |∆q| sin θ k |∆q| cos θ
2. ∆Ex = ∆Ex =
r2 r2
k |∆q| cos θ k |Q|
3. ∆Ex = correct = cos θ ∆θ
r2 π r2
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 7

Therefore, the magnitude of the electric field

at the center is given by Let : s = 6 m ,
h = 4 m , and
π/2
k |Q|
Z
E = Ex = cos θ dθ E = 52 N/C .
−π/2 π r2
By Gauss’ law,
2 k |Q|
= . ~ ·A
Φ=E ~
π r2
For the above values, the magnitude is given Since there is no charge contained in the pyra-
by mid, the net flux through the pyramid must
be 0 N/C. Since the field is vertical, the flux
2 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 |(−7.5 µC)|
¡ ¢
through the base of the pyramid is equal and
E= opposite to the flux through the four sides.
π (14 cm)2
Thus we calculate the flux through the base
= 2.18941 × 106 N/C . of the pyramid, which is

The direction is along negative x axis. Φ = E A = E s2

y
y = (52 N/C) (6 m)2
∆θ −− A
−− II I = 1872 N m2 /C .
− x
θ −− r
− E III IV
− x keywords:
−
− O
−
−− Flux Through a Submarine
−−
−− 24:02, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor-
B
mal.
016 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
keywords: The following charges are located inside a sub-
marine: 5 µC, −9 µC, 27 µC, and −84 µC.
Flux Through a Pyramid Calculate the net electric flux through the
24:01, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor- submarine.
mal. Correct answer: −6.88954 × 106 N · m2 /C.
015 (part 1 of 1) 10 points Explanation:
A (6 m by 6 m) square base pyramid with
height of 4 m is placed in a vertical electric
Let : q1 = 5 µC = 5 × 10−6 C ,
field of 52 N/C.
q2 = −9 µC = −9 × 10−6 C ,
q3 = 27 µC = 2.7 × 10−5 C , and
4m
q4 = −84 µC = −8.4 × 10−5 C .
From Gauss’s Law:
6m q1 + q 2 + q 3 + q 4
Φ=
52 N/C ²0
(5 × 10 C) + (−9 × 10−6 C)
−6
=
Calculate the total electric flux which goes 8.854 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2
out through the pyramid’s four slanted sur- (2.7 × 10−5 C) + (−8.4 × 10−5 C)
faces. +
8.854 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2
Correct answer: 1872 N m2 /C.
Explanation: = −6.88954 × 106 N · m2 /C .
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 8

The flux leaving the ends of the Gaussian

keywords: cylinder is negligible, and the only contribu-
tion to the flux is from the side of the cylinder.
Long Cylindrical Insulator 03 Since the field is perpendicular to this surface,
24:03, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor- the flux is
mal. Φs = 2 π r ` E ,
017 (part 1 of 1) 10 points and the charge enclosed by the surface is
Consider a long, uniformly charged, cylindri-
cal insulator of radius R with charge density Qenc = π r2 ` ρ .
1 µC/m3 . (The volume of a cylinder with
radius r and length ` is V = π r 2 `.) Using Gauss’ law,
The value of the Permittivity of free space Qenc
is 8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 Φs =
²0
π r2 ` ρ
2πr`E = .
²0
Thus
R ρ
E= r
1 cm 2 ²0
1 × 10−6 C/m3 (0.01 m)
¡ ¢
=
2 (8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 )
= 564.705 N/C .
What is the magnitude of the electric field
inside the insulator at a distance 1 cm from keywords:
the axis (1 cm < R)?
Correct answer: 564.705 N/C. Uniformly Charged Sphere 04
Explanation: 24:03, trigonometry, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Let : r = 1 cm = 0.01 m , 018 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
ρ = 1 µC/m3
4 π R3
= 1 × 10−6 C/m3 , and Given : Vsphere = , and
3
²0 = 8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 . Asphere = 4 π R2 .
Consider a cylindrical Gaussian surface of
radius r and length ` much less than the Consider a sphere, which is an insula-
length of the insulator so that the compo- tor, where charge is uniformly distributed
nent of the electric field parallel to the axis is throughout.
negligible. Consider a spherical Gaussian surface with
R
radius , which is concentric to the sphere
2
with a radius R.
Q is the total
R charge inside R
r
the sphere.
`

p
R
2
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 9

The total amount of flux flowing through

2
the Gaussian surface is given by ~ = kQ .
6. kEk
2 R2
Q Explanation:
1. Φ = .
²0 Gauss’s Law gives us
Q Q
2. Φ =
4 ²0
. 4 π r2 E = encl
²0
Q 4
µ ¶3
R
3. Φ = . π
2 ²0 Q 3 2
Q =
4. Φ = . correct ²0 4
8 ²0 π R3
3
2Q Q
5. Φ = . = ,
²0 8 ²0
4Q
6. Φ = . Q
²0 E= µ ¶2
R
Explanation: 4π 8 ²0
Basic Concept: Gauss’ Law. 2
Solution: For spherical symmetric case, Q
=
4 π ²0 2 R 2
Φ = 4 π r2 E
kQ
Q = .
= encl . 2 R2
²0
Qencl keywords:
Φ=
²0
 µ ¶3 
4π R Shell Game 01 v2
24:07, trigonometry, multiple choice, < 1 min,
Q  3 2 
= 
 fixed.
²0  4 π 3 

R 020 (part 1 of 3) 10 points
3 Consider the following spherically symmetric
Q situation: We have a charge q1 on a metallic
= . ball at the center, inside of a conducting shell
8 ²0
of inner radius R2 and outer radius R3 . There
is a total charge of q2 on the shell.
019 (part 2 of 2) 10 points
R3 , q200
~ at R
The magnitude of the electric field kEk
2 q2 R2 , q20
is given by R1 , q 1

~ = kQ
1. kEk . correct
2 R2 q1
~ = kQ
2. kEk . O
R2
~ = 2kQ
3. kEk . A
R2
2 k Q2 B
~ =
4. kEk . a
R2 C
b
~ = k Q2 c
5. kEk .
R2
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 10

Find E at A where OA = a.
q1 − q 2
q1 8. EB = k
1. EA = k 2 correct b2
a 3 q1
q1 9. EB = k 2
2. EA =k 2 b
2a 4 q1
q1 10. EB = k 2
3. EA =k 2 b
b
q1 Explanation:
4. EA =k 2 For an electrostatic situation, inside of a
c
conductor, there is no charge; i.e., qinside = 0.
5. EA = 0 ~ inside = 0 and there is no flux inside,
Also, E
q1 Φinside = 0.
6. EA = k Thus
3 a2
q1 EB = 0 .
7. EA = k √
2 a2 Notice also that since the electric field at B
2 q1 is zero, the total enclosed charge is zero, or
8. EA = k 2 q1 + q20 = 0. Therefore
a
3 q1 q20 = −q1 .
9. EA = k 2
a
4 q1 This verifies that the charge on the inner
10. EA = k 2 surface of a conducting shell is −q1 , where
a
q1 is the charge is the charge enclosed by the
Explanation: shell.
Pick a Gaussian surface (sphere since we
are in spherical symmetry) center at the point
022 (part 3 of 3) 10 points
charge and of radius a. This surface contains
Find E at C, where OC = c.
only the point charge, so qencl = q1 . The
formula for E gives
1. EC = 0
k q1 q1
EA = . 2. EC = k
a2 a2
q1 + q 2
3. EC = k
021 (part 2 of 3) 10 points b2
Find E at B, where OB = b. q1 − q 2
4. EC = k
2 a2
1. EB = 0 correct q1
5. EC = k 2
c
q1 q1
2. EB = k 6. EC = k 2
a2 2b
q1
3. EB =k 2 q1 + q 2
b 7. EC = k correct
q1 c2
4. EB =k 2 q1 − q 2
2b 8. EC = k
q1 c2
5. EB =k 2 3 q1
c 9. EC = k 2
q2 c
6. EB =k 2
2b 4 q1
10. EC = k 2
q1 + q 2 c
7. EB =k √
2 b2 Explanation:
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 11

Here the Gaussian surface is a sphere cen- If there is no net charge on the insulated
tered at the point charge q1 and of radius c. metal object when brought near to, but not
The enclosed charge in this sphere is all the in contact with the sphere, there is also no
charge, or q1 + q2 . The electric field at C is net charge on it. Only the charge distribution
changes.
q1 + q 2 Since there is repulsion among like charges,
EC = k .
c2 charges reside uniformly on the surface of the
sphere.

keywords: keywords:

Solid Conducting Sphere Field From a Charged Plate JM

24:08, trigonometry, multiple choice, < 1 min, 24:06, trigonometry, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed. fixed.
023 (part 1 of 1) 10 points 024 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
A positive charge of 10−6 coulomb is placed A uniformly charged conducting plate with
on an insulated solid conducting sphere. area A has a total charge Q which is positive.
Which of the following is true? The figure below shows a cross-sectional view
of the plane and the electric field lines due to
1. When a second conducting sphere is the charge on the plane. The figure is not
connected by a conducting wire to the first drawn to scale.
+Q
sphere, charge is transferred until the elec-
tric potentials of the two spheres are equal. +
E + E
correct +
+
+
+
2. The electric field inside the sphere is con- + P
stant in magnitude, but not zero. +
+
+
+
3. The electric field in the region surround-
ing the sphere increases with increasing dis- Find the magnitude of the field at point P ,
tance from the sphere. which is a distance a from the plate. Assume
that a is very small when compared to the
4. An insulated metal object acquires a net dimensions of the plate, such that edge effects
positive charge when brought near to, but not can be ignored.
in contact with, the sphere.
~ = Q
1. kEk
5. The charge resides uniformly throughout ²0 A
the sphere. Q
~ =
2. kEk correct
Explanation: 2 ²0 A
Every point in the conductor becomes equi- ~ = Q
3. kEk
potential, and the electric field is defined as 4 ²0 A
the gradient of the electric potential, so inside Q
~ =
4. kEk
the conducting sphere, all points are equi- 4 π ² 0 a2
potential and there is no electric field. Q
Outside the conducting sphere, the electric ~ =
5. kEk
field is the same when there are net charges at 4 π ²0 a
the center of the sphere, so the electric field ~ = 2 ²0 Q A
6. kEk
decreases with increasing distance from the
sphere. ~ = ²0 Q A
7. kEk
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 12

tudes but with opposite signs) and λ > 0.

~ = 4 π ² 0 a2 Q
8. kEk
−Q
~ = 4 π ²0 a Q
9. kEk R2
~ = ² 0 Q a2
10. kEk

R3
Explanation: Q
Basic Concepts Gauss’ Law, electrostatic R1
properties of conductors.
Solution: Let us consider the Gaussian
surface shown in the figure.
+Q Find the magnitude of the electric field at
+ the point a distance r1 from the axis of the
+ inner conductor, where R1 < r1 < R2 .
+
+
E + E
+ 1. E = 0
+ S
+
+ λ
+ 2. E = correct
+ 2 π ² 0 r1
λ
Due to the symmetry of the problem, there 3. E = √
2 π ² 0 r1
is an electric flux only through the right and λ
left surfaces and these two are equal. If the 4. E = √
3 π ² 0 r1
cross section of the surface is S, then Gauss’
2λ
Law states that 5. E = √
3 π ² 0 r1
ΦTOTAL = 2 E S λ R1
6. E =
1 Q 4 π ² 0 r1 2
= S , so λ R1
²0 A 7. E =
Q 3 π ² 0 r1 2
E= . λ2 R 1
2 ²0 A 8. E =
4 π ² 0 r1 2
λ
9. E =
keywords: 2 π ² 0 R1
10. None of these.
Coaxial Cable 01 Explanation:
24:05, calculus, multiple choice, < 1 min, nor- Pick a cylindrical Gaussian surface with the
mal. radius r1 and apply the Gauss’s law; we obtain
025 (part 1 of 4) 10 points
Q
A long coaxial cable consists of an inner cylin- E · ` · 2 π r1 =
drical conductor with radius R1 and an outer ²0
cylindrical conductor shell with inner radius λ
E= .
R2 and outer radius R3 as shown. The ca- 2 π ² 0 r1
ble extends out perpendicular to the plane
shown. The charge on the inner conductor 026 (part 2 of 4) 10 points
per unit length along the cable is λ and the The electric field vector points
corresponding charge on the outer conduc-
tor per unit length is −λ (same in magni- 1. in the negative r̂ direction
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 13

2. in the positive r̂ direction correct

Let : ` = 100 m ,
Explanation: R1 = 1 mm , and
The field points from positive charge to R2 = 1.5 mm .
negative change.
Since the center conductor is negatively We calculate the potential across the capaci-
charged, the electric field vector points in the tor by integrating −E · ds. We may choose
negative r̂ direction. a path of integration along a radius; i.e.,
−E · ds = −Edr.
027 (part 3 of 4) 10 points
Find the magnitude of the electric field at the
R1
1 q dr
Z
point a distance r2 from the axis of the inner
V =−
conductor, where R3 < r2 . 2 π ²0 l R2 r
¯R 1
1 q ¯
1. E = 0 correct =− ln r ¯¯
2 π ²0 l R2
λ q R2
2. E = = ln .
2 π ² 0 r2 2 π ²0 l R1
λ
3. E = √
2 π ² 0 r2 q
λ Since C = , we obtain the capacitance
4. E = √ V
3 π ² 0 r2
2λ
5. E = √ 2 π ²0 l
3 π ² 0 r2 C= µ ¶
R2
λ R1 ln
6. E = R1
4 π ² 0 r2 2
2 π (8.85419 × 10−12 c2 /N · m2 )
λ R1 =
7. E =
µ ¶
1.5 mm
3 π ² 0 r2 2 ln
1 mm
λ2 R 1
8. E = × (100 m)
4 π ² 0 r2 2
λ = 13.7207 nF .
9. E =
2 π ² 0 R1
10. None of these.

Explanation:
Pick a cylindrical Gaussian surface with the keywords:
radius r2 and apply the Gauss’s law. Because
there is no net charge inside the Gaussian Charge in a Closed Surface
surface, the electric field E = 0 . 24:02, calculus, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
029 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
028 (part 4 of 4) 10 points A closed surface with dimensions a = b =
For a 100 m length of coaxial cable with inner 0.4 m and c = 0.36 m is located as in the fig-
radius 1 mm and outer radius 1.5 mm. ure. The electric field throughout the region
Find the capacitance C of the cable. is nonuniform and given by E ~ = (α + β x2 )ı̂
Correct answer: 13.7207 nF. where x is in meters, α = 3 N/C, and
Explanation: β = 2 N/(C m2 ).
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 14

y × (0.133632 N m2 /C)
E
a = 1.1832 × 10−12 C .

030 (part 2 of 2) 10 points

a What is the sign of the charge enclosed in the
surface?
x
1. positive correct
b
z 2. negative
c
What is the magnitude of the net charge 3. Cannot be determined
enclosed by the surface? Explanation:
Correct answer: 1.1832 × 10−12 C. Since there is more flux coming out of the
Explanation: surface than going into the surface, the sign
of the enclosed charge must be positive.
Let : a = b = 0.4 m ,
Flux Through a Loop 01
c = 0.36 m , 24:01, calculus, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
α = 3 N/C , and 031 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
β = 2 N/(C m2 ) . A 40 cm diameter loop is rotated in a uniform
electric field until the position of maximum
The electric field throughout the region is electric flux is found. The flux in this position
directed along the x-axis and the direction of is measured to be 520000 N · m2 /C.
dA~ is perpendicular to its surface. Therefore, What is the electric field strength?
~
E is parallel to d A ~ over the four faces of Correct answer: 4.13803 × 106 N/C.
the surface which are perpendicular to the Explanation:
yz plane, and E ~ is perpendicular to d A ~ over
the two faces which are parallel to the yz
Let : r = 20 cm = 0.2 m and
plane. That is, only the left and right sides
of the right rectangular parallel piped which Φ = 520000 N · m2 /C .
encloses the charge will contribute to the flux. By Gauss’ law,
The net electric flux through the cube is I
Z Z
Φ= ~ · dA
E ~
∆Φ = Ex d A ⊥ − Ex d A ⊥
right side left side
The position of maximum electric flux will be
= a b α + β(a + c)2 − α − β a2
£ ¤
that position in which the plane of the loop is
= a b β (2 a c + c2 ) perpendicular to the electric field; i.e., when
~ · dA
E ~ = E dA. Since the field is constant,
= a b c β (2 a + c)
= (0.4 m) (0.4 m) (0.36 m) Φ = E A = Eπ r 2
× [2 N/(C m2 )] [2 (0.4 m) + 0.36 m]
= 0.133632 N m2 /C , Φ
E=
π r2
so the enclosed charge is 520000 N · m2 /C
=
π (0.2 m)2
q = ²0 ∆Φ
= [8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /(N m2 )] = 4.13803 × 106 N/C .
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 15

1.5 × 10−6 C
µ
keywords: × √ + 3 × 10−6 C
3
−5 × 10−6 C
¢
Three Point Charges 17
25:01, trigonometry, multiple choice, > 1 min, = −101917 V .
normal.
032 (part 1 of 3) 10 points
Consider three point charges at the vertices of 033 (part 2 of 3) 10 points
an equilateral triangle. Let the potential be What is the vertical component of the electric
zero at infinity. force on the 1.5 µC charge due to the 3 µC
The value of the Coulomb constant is charge?
8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 .
1.5 µC ke (1.5 µC) (3 µC)
1. F = cot 30◦
̂ (0.2 m)2
ke (1.5 µC) (3 µC)
0.2

ı̂ 2. F = cot 60◦
(0.2 m)2
m

ke (1.5 µC) (3 µC)

60◦ 3. F = cos 30◦ correct
(0.2 m)2
3 µC P −5 µC ke (1.5 µC) (3 µC)
What is the electrostatic potential at the 4. F = cos 60◦
(0.2 m)2
point P at the center of the base of the equi-
ke (1.5 µC) (3 µC)
lateral triangle given in the diagram? 5. F = 2
tan 30◦
Correct answer: −101917 V. (0.2 m)
Explanation: ke (1.5 µC) (3 µC)
6. F = tan 60◦
(0.2 m)2
Let : q1 = 1.5 µC = 1.5 × 10−6 C , ke (1.5 µC) (3 µC)
7. F =
(0.2 m)2
q2 = 3 µC = 3 × 10−6 C ,
ke (1.5 µC) (3 µC)
q3 = −5 µC = −5 × 10−6 C , 8. F = sin 45◦
(0.2 m)2
a = 0.2 m , and ke (1.5 µC) (3 µC)
ke = 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 . 9. F = tan 45◦
(0.2 m)2
The potential at P is given by ke (1.5 µC) (3 µC)
10. F = cot 45◦
X qi (0.2 m)2
V = ke .
ri Explanation:
i

From the sketch below, the height h is given

by r ³ a ´ 2 √3 Fv = F cos α
h = a2 − = a. k e q1 q2
2 2 = cos α
r2
Notice that q1 > 0,q2 > 0, and q3 < 0. ke (1.5 µC) (3 µC)
µ ¶ = 2
cos 30◦
q1 q2 q3 (0.2 m)
VP = k e + +
h a/2 a/2
µ ¶
2 k e q1 034 (part 3 of 3) 10 points
= √ + q2 + q3
a 3 Find the total electrostatic energy of the sys-
2 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2
¡ ¢
tem, again with the zero reference at infinity.
= Correct answer: −0.80888 J.
0.2 m
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 16

Explanation: keywords:
The total electrostatic energy of the sys-
tem is the sum of the electrostatic energies AP B 1993 MC 70
between each pair of charges: 25:03, trigonometry, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
U = U12 + U23 + U31 036 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
Two negatively charged spheres with different
The electrostatic energy between the charges
radii are shown in the figure below.
qi and qj is given by
qi qj
Uij =
4 π ²0 r −Q −Q
where r is the distance between the charges,
1
so, since ke = ,
4 π ²0 The two conductors are now conneted by a
h i wire.
U = k e a q1 q2 + q 2 q3 + q 3 q1
= 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2
¡ ¢
h
× (0.2 m) (1.5 × 10−6 C) (3 × 10−6 C)
+ (3 × 10−6 C) (−5 × 10−6 C)
Which of the following occurs when the two
i
+ (−5 × 10−6 C) (1.5 × 10−6 C)
spheres are connected with a conducting wire?
= −0.80888 J .
1. No charge flows.

keywords: 2. Negative charge flows from the larger

sphere to the smaller sphere until the elec-
tric field at the surface of each sphere is the
Moving a Charge
same.
25:02, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor-
mal.
3. Negative charge flows from the larger
035 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
sphere to the smaller sphere until the elec-
It takes 120 J of work to move 1 C of charge
tric potential of each sphere is the same.
from a positive plate to a negative plate.
What voltage difference exists between the
4. Negative charge flows from the smaller
plates?
sphere to the larger sphere until the elec-
Correct answer: 120 V.
tric field at the surface of each sphere is the
Explanation:
same.

Let : W = 120 J and 5. Negative charge flows from the smaller

sphere to the larger sphere until the electric
q = 1 C.
potential of each sphere is the same. correct
The voltage difference is
W 120 J Explanation:
V = = = 120 V . When the wire is connected, charge will flow
q 1C
until each surface is at the same potential.
When disconnected the potential of each
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 17

sphere is given by
038 (part 2 of 2) 10 points
ke q
V = . Consider the figure
r C
The smaller sphere is at a more negative po-
tential than the larger sphere, so negative
charge will flow from the smaller sphere to A B
− +
the large one until they are at the same po- −q +q
tential.

keywords: D
Of the following elements, identify all that
Equipotential Surfaces 02 correspond to an equipotential line or surface.
25:03, trigonometry, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed. 1. line AB only
037 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
Consider the figure 2. line CD only correct
+Q A −Q
+ − y 3. both AB and CD
+ −
+ −
+ − 4. neither AB nor CD
+ −
+ − x
+ C D − Explanation:
+ −
+ − Consider the electric field:
+ −
+ −
#1 B #2 C
Of the following elements, identify all that
correspond to an equipotential line or surface. A B

− +
1. line AB only correct

2. line CD only D

3. both AB and CD An equipotential line or surface (CD) is

normal to the electric field lines.
4. neither AB nor CD
Explanation:
Consider the electric field keywords:
+Q A −Q
+ − y Starting a Car 03
+ − 25:04, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor-
+ −
+ − mal.
+ −
+ C D − x 039 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
+ −
+ − The gap between electrodes in a spark plug
+ −
+ − is 0.06 cm. To produce an electric spark
+ − in a gasoline-air mixture, an electric field of
#1 B #2 3 × 106 V/m must be achieved.
An equipotential line or surface (AB) is On starting a car, what is the magnitude of
normal to the electric field lines. the minimum voltage difference that must be
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 18

supplied by the ignition circuit?

Correct answer: 1800 V. keywords:
Explanation:
Point Charge
Let : E = 3 × 106 V/m and 25:05, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor-
d = 0.06 cm = 0.0006 m . mal.
Assuming the electric field between the two 041 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
electrodes is constant, then the potential dif- At distance r from a point charge q, the elec-
ference between the electrodes is tric potential is 600 V and the magnitude of
the electric field is 200 N/C.
V =Ed Determine the value of q.
= 3 × 106 V/m (0.0006 m)
¡ ¢
Correct answer: 2.00277 × 10−7 C.
Explanation:
= 1800 V .

keywords:
Let : ke = 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 ,
Accelerating an Electron V = 600 V , and
25:05, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor- e = 200 N/C .
mal.
040 (part 1 of 1) 10 points ke q ke q V
E = 2 and V = , so that = r.
Through what potential difference would an r r E
electron need to be accelerated for it to The potential is
achieve a speed of 4 % of the speed of light
(2.99792 × 108 m/s), starting from rest? ke q ke q ke q E
V = = V =
Correct answer: 408.799 V. r V
E
Explanation:

Let : s = 4 % = 0.04 ,
V2
c = 2.99792 × 108 m/s , q=
ke E
me = 9.10939 × 10−31 kg , and (600 V)2
qe = 1.60218 × 10−19 C . =
(8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 ) (200 N/C)
The speed of the electron is
= 2.00277 × 10−7 C .
v = 0.04 c
= 0.04 2.99792 × 108 m/s
¡ ¢

= 1.19917 × 107 m/s ,

By conservation of energy keywords:
1
me v 2 = −(−qe ) ∆V Conducting Spheres 02
2
v2 25:09, trigonometry, multiple choice, > 1 min,
∆V = me wording-variable.
2 qe
042 (part 1 of 4) 10 points
= 9.10939 × 10−31 kg
¡ ¢
Consider two “solid” conducting spheres with
¢2
1.19917 × 107 m/s radii r1 = 4 R and r2 = 3 R ; i.e.,
¡
×
2 (1.60218 × 10−19 C)
r2 3R 3
= 408.799 V . = = .
r1 4R 4
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 19

The two spheres are separated by a large Q

be expressed as V (r) = k , so the potential
distance so that the field and the potential at r
the surface of sphere #1 only depends on the at the surface of the sphere is
charge on #1 and the corresponding quan- Q
tities on #2 only depend on the charge on V (r) = k , (1)
r
#2.
Place an equal amount of charge on both where R is radius of the sphere and r ≤ R .
spheres, q1 = q2 = Q . For the electrostatic case, the potential is
r1 constant throughout a conducting body, so
r2 the potential at the center is the same as
anywhere on the conductor.
Thus at two centers
q2
q2 #2 k
#1 q1 V2 r2
= q1
V1 k
After the electrostatic equilibrium on each r1
sphere has been established, what is the ratio r1
V2 =
of the potentials at the “centers” of the r2
V1 4R
two solid conducting spheres? =
3R
V2 4 4
1. = correct = .
V1 3 3
V2 3
2. =
V1 4 043 (part 2 of 4) 10 points
V2 3 E2
3. = What is the ratio of the electric fields at
V1 2 E1
the “surfaces” of the two spheres?
V2 3
4. =
V1 8 E2 16
1. = correct
V2 16 E1 9
5. =
V1 9 E2 9
2. =
V2 9 E1 16
6. =
V1 16 E2 9
3. =
V2 9 E1 8
7. =
V1 8 E2 9
4. =
V2 9 E1 32
8. =
V1 32 E2 4
5. =
V2 E1 3
9. =1
V1 E2 3
6. =
Explanation: E1 4
For a solid conducting sphere, the charge is E2 3
7. =
uniformly distributed at the surface. From E1 2
Gauss’ Law, the electric field outside the E2 3
Q 8. =
sphere is given by E(r) = k 2 , where Q E1 8
r E2
is the total charge on the sphere and r is the 9. =1
distance from the center of the sphere. By in- E1
tegration with respect to r, the potential can Explanation:
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 20

For a conducting sphere, the charge is uni-

formly distributed at the surface. Based on E2 16
5. =
Gauss’ law, the electric field on the surface of E1 9
a conducting sphere of radius R with charge E2 9
6. =
Q is E1 16
E2 9
Q 7. =
E(r) = ke , where r ≥ R . (2) E1 8
r2
E2 9
Thus on the surface r = R of the two 8. =
E1 32
spheres, E2
9. =1
q2 E1
k
E2 r22 Explanation:
= q1
E1 k 2 When the spheres are connected by a wire,
r1 charge will flow from one to the other until
µ ¶2
r1 the potential on both spheres is the same.
= V2
r2 As noted, = 1, defines equilibrium.
¶2 V1
The spheres are connected by a wire and no
µ
4R
= current is flowing (at equilibrium), therefore
3R
µ ¶2 the ends of the wire are at the same potential
4
=
3 V2 = V 1 . (3)
16
= . For a conducting sphere, the charge is uni-
9 formly distributed at the surface. Based on
Gauss’ law, on the surface of a conducting
044 (part 3 of 4) 10 points sphere of radius R with charge Q is
Now “connect” the two spheres with a wire.
Q
r1 E(r) = ke , where r ≥ R , and
r2 r2
Q
V (r) = k , where r ≤ R .
r
Thus on the surface r = R of the two
q2 #2 spheres,
#1 q1
q2
There will be a flow of charge through the k
wire until equilibrium is established. E2 r22
= q1 (4)
E2 E1 k 2
What is the ratio of the electric fields at r1
E1
the “surfaces” of the two spheres? q2 1
k
E2 4 r2 r2
=
1. = correct q1 1
E1 3 k
r1 r1
E2 3
2. = 1
E1 4 V2
r2
E2 3 = , since V1 = V2
3. = 1
E1 2 V1
r1
E2 3 r1
4. = =
E1 8 r2
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 21
4R 7
= q1 = 2 Q
3R 4
4 8
= . q1 = Q .
3 7
6
And the charge on sphere # 2 is q2 = Q ,
045 (part 4 of 4) 10 points 7
8 6
Now, what is the charge q1 on sphere #1? since q1 + q2 = Q + Q = 2 Q .
7 7
8 Check Eq. 4: On the surfaces of the two
1. q1 = Q correct spheres,
7
µ ¶ µ ¶2
6 E2 q2 r1
2. q1 = Q =
7 E1 q1 r2
7 
6

3. q1 = Q Q µ ¶2
8 7  4R
=
7 8  3R
4. q1 = Q Q
6 7
µ ¶ µ ¶2
4 3 4
5. q1 = Q =
7 4 3
3 4
6. q1 = Q = .
7 3
7 Third of eighteen versions.
7. q1 = Q
4
7 keywords:
8. q1 = Q
3
Change in Potential e2
9. q1 = Q 25:04, calculus, multiple choice, < 1 min, nor-
Explanation: mal.
When the spheres are connected by a wire, 046 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
charge will flow from one to the other until A uniform electric field of magnitude 250 V/m
the potential on both spheres is the same. is directed in the positive x-direction. Sup-
In this case, this implies that pose a 12 µC charge moves from the origin to
point A at the coordinates, (20 cm, 50 cm).
q1 q2 y
ke = ke , or 250 V/m
r1 r2
r2
q2 = q1 (20 cm, 50 cm)
r1
3R A
= q1
4R
3 x
= q1 . (5) O
4
What is the absolute value of the change in
The total charge of the system remains con- potential from the origin to point A?
stant; i.e., from the initial condition q1 = Correct answer: 50 V.
q2 = Q, the total change on both spheres is Explanation:
q1 + q2 = 2 Q. Using q2 from Eq. 5, we have
Let : x = 20 cm ,
q1 + q 2 = 2 Q
y = 50 cm , and
3
q1 + q1 = 2 Q ~ = 250 V/m .
kEk
4
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 22

The potential difference from O to A is which is the same as the result for the other
defined as path.
Z A
∆V = VA − VO = − ~ · d~s .
E
O

We know that E ~ = (250 V/m) ı̂ . We need

to choose a path to integrate along. Because
the electric force is conservative, it doesn’t keywords:
matter which path we take; they all give the
same answer. There are two choices of path Potential Diagrams 02
for which the math is simple (see the figure 25:04, calculus, multiple choice, > 1 min,
below.) wording-variable.
y 047 (part 1 of 4) 10 points
E Consider a sphere with radius R and charge
(x, y) A Q

II I

x
O I B
Q
Path I:

VA − VO = (VA − VB ) + (VB − VO ),

From O to B, E ~ and d~s are both along the and the following graphs:
~ · d~s = E dx. From B to A, E ~ and 1
x-axis, so E ∝
~ r
d~s are perpendicular, so E · d~s = 0.
Z B Z A
VA − V O = − ~ · d~s −
E ~ · d~s
E Q.
O B
Z x Z y
0 R r
=− E dx − 0 dy
0 0
Z x
= −E dx = −E ∆x
O 1
∝
= −(250 V/m) (0.2 m) r
= −50 V . G.
The absolute value is

|∆V | = 50 V . 0 R r

~ · d~s = E cos θ ds .
Path II: In this case, E
x 1
where cos θ = ⇒ x = l cos θ . ∝
l r2
Z l
X.
VA − VO = −E cos θ ds
O
= −E l cos θ
= −E x . 0 R r
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 23
1 1. Y correct
∝
r
2. S
P.
3. L

0 R r
4. X
1
∝ 5. Z
r
6. G
Z.
7. Q
0 R r
1 8. P
∝
r
9. M
1
∝ 2 Explanation:
r The electric field for R < r with
M. the sphere conducting and/or uniformly
non-conducting: Because the charge distri-
bution is spherically symmetric, we select a
0 R r spherical gaussian surface of radius R < r,
1 concentric with the conducting sphere. The
∝ electric field due to the conducting sphere is
r2
directed radially outward by symmetry and is
therefore normal to the surface at every point.
Y. Thus, E~ is parallel to dA ~ at each point. There-
~ ~
fore E · dA = E dA and Gauss’s law, where E
0 R r is constant everywhere on the surface, gives
I
1 ΦE = E ~ · dA
~
∝
r2 I
= E dA
S. I
=E dA
0 R r
¢ qin
= E 4 π r2 =
¡
1 ,
∝ ²0
r2 where we have used the fact that the surface
area of a sphere A = 4 π r 2 . Now, we solve for
L. the electric field
qin
E=
0 r 4 π ²0 r 2
R
Q
Which diagram describes the electric field = , where R < r . (1)
4 π ²0 r 2
vs radial distance [E(r) function] for a con-
ducting sphere? This is the familiar electric field due to a point
charge that was used to develop Coulomb’s
law.
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 24

The electric field for r < R with the as in Part 1.

sphere conducting: In the region inside The electric field for r < R with the
the conducting sphere, we select a spherical sphere uniformly non-conducting: In
gaussian surface r < R, concentric with the this case we select a spherical gaussian sur-
conducting sphere. To apply Gauss’s law face at a radius r where r < R, concentric
in this situation, we realize that there is no with the uniformly charged non-conducting
charge within the gaussian surface (qin = 0), sphere. Let us denote the volume of this
which implies that sphere by V 0 . To apply Gauss’s law in this
situation, it is important to recognize that the
E= 0 , where r < R. (2)
charge qin within the gaussian surface of the
1 volume V 0 is less than Q. Using the volume
E∝ Q
r2 charge density ρ ≡ , we calculate qin :
E V
Y. qin = ρ V 0
µ ¶
4 3
r =ρ πr .
0 R 3
048 (part 2 of 4) 10 points
By symmetry, the magnitude of the electric
Which diagram describes the electric field vs
field is constant everywhere on the spherical
radial distance [E(r) function] for a uniformly
gaussian surface and is normal to the surface
charged non-conducting sphere?
at each point. Therefore, Gauss’s law in the
region r < R gives
1. S correct
I I
2. L E dA = E dA
¢ qin
= E 4 π r2 =
¡
3. X .
²0
4. Z Solving for E gives
5. G qin
E=
4 π ²0 r 2
6. Q 4
ρ π r3
7. P = 3
4 π ²0 r 2
ρ
8. Y = r.
3 ²0

9. M Q
Because ρ = (by definition) and since
Explanation: 4
π R3
The electric field for R < r with 3
1
the sphere conducting and/or uniformly k= , this expression for E can be writ-
non-conducting: In the region outside the 4 π ²0
ten as
uniformly charged non-conducting sphere, we
have the same conditions as for the conduct- Qr
ing sphere when applying Gauss’s law, so E=
4 π ²0 R 3
Q kQ
E= , where R < r, (1) = r , where R < r. (3)
4 π ²0 r 2 R3
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 25

Note: This result for E differs from the one we when Q is positive.
obtained in the Part 3. It shows that E → 0 In this case, to obtain the electric potential
as r → 0. Therefore, the result eliminates the at an exterior point, we use the definition for
problem that would exist at r = 0 if E varied electric potential:
1
as 2 inside the sphere as it does outside the Z r
r V =− E dr
1
sphere. That is, if E ∝ 2 for r < R, the field ∞
r Z r
dr
would be infinite at r = 0, which is physically = −k Q 2
impossible. Note: Also the expressions for ∞ r
Parts 1 and 2 match when r = R. Q
1 = k , where R < r. (4)
E∝ 2 r
r
E Note: This result is identical to the expression
S. for the electric potential due to a point charge.
The electric potential for r < R with
r the sphere conducting: In the region inside
0 R
the conducting sphere, the electric field E =
049 (part 3 of 4) 10 points 0 . Therefore the electric potential everywhere
Which diagram describes the electric poten- inside the conducting sphere is constant; that
tial vs radial distance [V (r) function] for a is
conducting sphere?
V = V (R) = constant , where R < r.
1. Z correct (5)
1
2. G V ∝
r
3. Q V
Z.
4. P
0 R r
5. Y
050 (part 4 of 4) 10 points
6. S Which diagram describes the electric poten-
tial vs radial distance [V (r) function] for a
7. L uniformly charged non-conducting sphere?

8. X 1. G correct

9. M 2. Q
Explanation:
The electric potential for R < r with 3. P
the sphere conducting and/or uniformly
non-conducting: In the previous parts we 4. Y
found that the magnitude of the electric field
outside a charged sphere of radius R is 5. S
Q 6. L
E=k , where R < r ,
r2
where the field is directed radially outward 7. X
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 26

Q ¡
3 − r2 ,
¢
8. Z = k where r < R.
2R

9. M
Explanation:
1
The electric potential for R < r with V ∝
the sphere conducting and/or uniformly V r
non-conducting: In the region outside the G.
uniformly charged non-conducting sphere, we
have the same conditions as for the conduct-
ing sphere when applying the definition for r
0 R
the electric potential; therefore,
Z r
V =− E dr keywords:
∞
Z r
dr Finding Zero Potential
= −k Q
∞ r
2 25:06, trigonometry, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Q
= k , where R < r. (4) 051 (part 1 of 4) 10 points
r All of the charges shown are of equal magni-
The electric potential for r < R with tude.
the sphere uniformly non-conducting:
Because the potential must be continuous at
r = R , we can use this expression to obtain
the potential at the surface of the sphere; i.e., −q +q
the potential at a point on the conducting
Q a a
sphere is V = k
r
From Part 2 we found that the electric field
inside an uniformly charged non-conducting (a)
sphere is
What is the electric potential E at the ori-
kQ gin? Assume zero potential at infinity.
E= r , where r < R . (6)
R3
We can use this result in the definition for 1. zero correct
the electric potential to evaluate the potential
Q 2. positive
difference ∆V = Vr − VR (where VR = k as
R
shown in Eq. 4) at some interior point of the 3. negative
sphere, so
4. Cannot be determined
Vr = VR + ∆V
Q
Z r Explanation:
=k − E dr We know that the potential due to a collec-
R R
tion of N point charges is given by
Q Q r
Z
=k −k 3 r dr , from Eq. 6 N
R R R 1 X qi
2Q Q ¡ 2 V =
2 4 π ²0 r
¢
=k +k R − r i=1 i
2R 2 R3 µ ¶
3Q Q 2 1 q −q
=k −k r = + =0
2R 2 R3 4 π ²0 a a
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 27

052 (part 2 of 4) 10 points 3. negative

4. Cannot be determined
a a
Explanation:
−q +q
µ ¶
2a 1 −q −q q
V = + + =0
4 π ²0 2a 2a a
+q
054 (part 4 of 4) 10 points
(b)
What is the electric potential E at the ori-
gin?
+q
1. zero
2a
2. positive correct a
−q
3. negative
2a
4. Cannot be determined +q
Explanation:
µ ¶ (d)
1 −q q q
V = + + >0 What is the electric potential E at the ori-
4 π ²0 a a 2a
gin?
053 (part 3 of 4) 10 points
1. zero correct

2. positive
−q
3. negative
2a
a 4. Cannot be determined
+q Explanation:
2a
µ ¶
−q 1 −q q q
V = + + = 0.
4 π ²0 a 2a 2a

(c)
What is the electric potential E at the ori- keywords:
gin?
Charge on a Capacitor
1. zero correct 26:01, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor-
mal.
2. positive 055 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 28

A 15 pF capacitor is connected across a 75 V

source. 5. None of these.
What charge is stored on it?
Explanation:
Correct answer: 1.125 × 10−9 C.
The capacitance of a parallel plate capaci-
Explanation:
tor is
A
C = ²0 .
d
Let : C = 15 pF = 1.5 × 10−11 F and
Hence doubling d halves the capacitance,
V = 75 V .
and Q = C V is also halved
The capacitance is µ ¶
0 A 1 A 1
q C = ²0 = ²0 = C .
C= 2d 2 d 2
V
q =CV
= (1.5 × 10−11 F) (75 V) keywords:
= 1.125 × 10−9 C
Plate Separation
26:02, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor-
keywords: mal.
057 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
Capacitance Comparison 02 A parallel-plate capacitor has a plate area of
26:02, trigonometry, multiple choice, > 1 min, 12 cm2 and a capacitance of 7 pF.
fixed. The permittivity of a vacuum is 8.85419 ×
−12 2
056 (part 1 of 1) 10 points 10 C /N · m2 .
A parallel plate capacitor is connected to a What is the plate separation?
battery. Correct answer: 0.00151786 m.
Explanation:

Let : A = 12 cm2 = 0.0012 m2 ,

+Q −Q
C = 7 pF = 7 × 10−12 F , and
²0 = 8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 .

   

²0 A
C=
d 2d d
²0 A
d=
¡C
8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2
¢
If we double the plate separation, =
7 × 10−12 F
× 0.0012 m2
¡ ¢
1. the capacitance is doubled.

2. the electric field is doubled. = 0.00151786 m .

3. the potential difference is halved.

keywords:
4. the charge on each plate is halved. cor-
rect AP B 1993 MC 15 16
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 29

26:03, trigonometry, multiple choice, > 1 min, C12 C3

C123 =
fixed. C3 + C12
058 (part 1 of 2) 10 points (6 µF) (3 µF)
Consider the circuit =
6 µF + 3 µF
2 µF = 2 µF .
3 µF
c C123 and C4 are parallel, so
a b
5 µF C = C4 + C123
4 µF
= 7 µF .
100 V

059 (part 2 of 2) 10 points

What is the equivalent capacitance for this What is the charge stored in the 5-µF lower-
network? right capacitor?
10
1. Cequivalent = µF 1. Q1 = 360 µC
7
3 2. Q1 = 500 µC correct
2. Cequivalent = µF
2
7 3. Q1 = 710 µC
3. Cequivalent = µF
3
4. Cequivalent = 7 µF correct 4. Q1 = 1, 100 µC

5. Cequivalent = 14 µF 5. Q1 = 1, 800 µC

Explanation: Explanation:
C1
C3
c Let : C4 = 5 µF and
a b EB = 100 V .
C4
C2 The charge stored in a capacitor is given by
EB Q = C V , so,

Q4 = C 4 V
= (5 µF) (100 V)
Let : C1 = 2 µF , = 500 µC .
C2 = 4 µF ,
C3 = 3 µF ,
C4 = 5 µF , and
keywords:
EB = 100 V .
The equivalent capacitance of capacitors C1 Capacitor Circuit 02
and C2 (parallel) is C12 = C1 + C2 = 6 µF . 26:03, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor-
C12 and C3 are in series, so mal.
1 1 1 C3 + C12 060 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
= + =
C123 C12 C3 C12 C3 A capacitor network is shown below.
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 30

15 µF 15 µF The capacitors Cb , Cc , and Cd are in series,

y so
1 1 1 1 3
= + + =
Cbcd C C C C

15 µF

15 µF
9 µF
100 V
1
Cbcd = C .
3
This reduces the circuit to
z Ca
15 µF 15 µF y
What is the equivalent capacitance between

Cbcd
points y and z of the entire capacitor net-

Cx

Ce
ER
work?
Correct answer: 14.4545 µF.
Explanation: z
Cf
The capacitors Ce and Cbcd are parallel, so
Let : Ca =C = 15 µF , 1 4
Cb =C = 15 µF , Cbcde = C + Cbcd = C + C = C .
3 3
Cc =C = 15 µF , This reduces the circuit to
Cd =C = 15 µF , Ca
y
Ce =C = 15 µF ,
Cf =C = 15 µF ,

Cbcde
Cx
ER
Cx = 9 µF = 9 × 10−6 F and
EB = V = 100 V .
z
Ca Cb Cf
y The capacitors Ca , Cbcde and Cf are in series,
so
1 1 3 1 11
= + + =
Cx

Ce

Cc
ER

Cabcdef C 4C C 4C
4
Cabcdef = C.
z 11
Cf Cd This reduces the circuit to
For capacitors in series, y
Cabcdef

1 X 1
Cx

=
ER

Cseries C
X i
Vseries = Vi ,
z
and the individual charges are the same. These capacitors are parallel, so
For parallel capacitors, Cyz = Cx + Cabcdef
4
= Cx + C
X
Cparallel = Ci 11
X 4
Qparallel = Qi , = 9 µF + (15 µF)
11
and the individual voltages are the same. = 14.4545 µF .
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 31

061 (part 2 of 2) 10 points Case Two

What is the charge on the 9 µF capacitor C1 C0 2
centered on the left directly between points y
and z?
Correct answer: 0.0009 C. κ
Explanation:

V
q
C≡
V
q = Cx V 0
C12
= (9 × 10−6 F) (100 V) The ratio of the resultant capacitances is
C12
= 0.0009 C . 1. None of these.
0
C12 2
2. = .
C12 1+κ
C0
3. 12 = κ .
C12
C0 1+κ
4. 12 = .
C12 2κ
keywords: C0 1+κ
5. 12 = .
C12 2
Capacitors in Series C0 2κ
6. 12 = . correct
26:05, trigonometry, multiple choice, > 1 min, C12 1+κ
fixed. Explanation:
062 (part 1 of 3) 10 points
Consider the two cases shown below. In Case Let : C1 = C2 = C and
One two identical capacitors are connected to
C20 = κ C2 = κ C ,
a battery with emf V . In Case Two, a di-
electric slab with dielectric constant κ fills the where κ is dielectric constant.
gap of capacitor C2 . Let C be the resultant V = constant. C1 and C2 are in series, so
capacitance for Case One and C 0 the resul-
tant capacitance for Case Two. 1 1 1 C2 + C 1
= + =
C12 C1 C2 C1 C2
C1 C2
Case One C12 = .
C1 + C 2
C1 C2
For Case One,

C1 C2 C2 C
C12 = = = .
C1 + C 2 2C 2
For Case Two,

V 0 C1 C20 κ C2 κC
C12 = 0 = = .
C1 + C 2 (1 + κ) C 1+κ
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 32

Therefore
0
C12 2κ U0 1+κ
= . 4. = .
C12 1+κ U 2κ
U0 1+κ
063 (part 2 of 3) 10 points 5. = .
U 2
V20 U0 2κ
The ratio of potential differences across 6. = . correct
V2 U 1+κ
capacitor C2 for the two cases is
Explanation:
V20 2κ For Case One,
1. = .
V2 1+κ 1
V20 U= C12 V 2 .
2. = κ. 2
V2 For Case Two,
V20 2
3. = . correct 1 0
V2 1+κ U0 = C12 V 2 .
2
V20 1+κ
4. = . Therefore
V2 2κ
V20 1+κ U0 C0 2κ
5. = . = 12 = .
V2 2 U C12 1+κ
6. None of these.
keywords:
Explanation:
For Case One, Dielectric in a Capacitor 01
Q2 V C12 V 26:05, trigonometry, multiple choice, > 1 min,
V2 = = = . wording-variable.
C2 C2 2
065 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
For Case Two, a) An isolated capacitor has a dielectric slab κ
between its plates.
Q02 0
V C12 b) The capacitor is charged by a battery.
V20 = = c) After the capacitor is charged, the battery
C20 C20
κC is removed.
V 1+κ V
= = . d) The dielectric slab is then moved half way
κC 1+κ out of the capacitor.
e) Finally, the dielectric is released and is set
Therefore
V20 2 free to move on its own.
= .
V2 1+κ

064 (part 3 of 3) 10 points

U0 κ κ
The ratio of total energy stored in the
U
capacitors for the two cases is

1. None of these The dielectric will

U0 2 1. be pulled back into the capacitor. cor-

2. = .
U 1+κ rect
U0
3. = κ. 2. remain in place.
U
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 33

3. be pushed out of the capacitor.

Explanation: − +
−
+
The capacitance of a capacitor with a di-
electric slab is
Cin = κ Cout , where κ > 1 . (c) (d)
For which situation(s) shown above is the
NOTE
net force on the dipole equal to zero?
When the battery is removed, the charge
on the plates of the capacitor will remain
1. (a) only
constant. Charge is neither created nor de-
stroyed.
2. (c) only

1 Q2 3. (c) and (d) correct

Uout = , and
2 Cout
4. (a) and (c)
1 Q2
Uin =
2 Cin 5. (b) and (d)
1 Q2
=
2 κ Cout 6. (a) and (d)
1
= Uout , so
κ 7. (a), (b), and (c)
Uin < Uout ,
8. (b), (c), and (d)
where Uout is with an air-filled gap and Uin
is with a dielectric-filled gap. A system will 9. Another combination
move to a position of lower potential energy.
After the dielectric is moved half way out 10. None of these
of the capacitor, the potential energy stored
in the capacitor will be larger than it would Explanation:
have been with the dielectric left in place. Basic Concepts: Field patterns of point
Therefore, the dielectric will be pulled back charge and parallel plates of infinite extent.
into the capacitor. The force on a charge in the electric field is
given by
keywords: F~ = qE ~

Dipole in an External Field 0 and the torque is defined as

26:08, calculus, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed. ~ = ~r × F
T ~
066 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
A dipole (electrically neutral) is placed in an
~ = k ∆q
external field. ∆E r̂
r2
(a) (b)
~ = ~i.
X
E ∆E
+
− +
−
Symmetry of the configuration will cause
some component of the electric field to be
zero.
 Version One – Homework 1 – Juyang Huang – 24018 – Jan 16, 2008 34

Gauss’ law states

~ = Q.
I
ΦS = E ~ · dA
²0
Solutions: The electric dipole consists of
two equal and opposite charges separated by
a distance. In either situation (c) or (d), the
electric field is uniform and parallel every-
where. Thus, the electric force on one charge
is equal but opposite to that on another so
that the net force on the whole dipole is zero.
By contrast, electric fields are nonuniform for
situations both (a) and (b).

keywords: