3 Electrical Wiring

Components and
Accessories

INTRODUCTION
Electricity requires an electric path to flow and there
are many conducting materials used for this purpose.
There are many semi conducting materials which are
used to reduce the voltage and also drop the current
flow. There are non-conducting materials which are used
as insulation during working on live-lines. In this unit
we will study how the household or industrial wiring is
done and what materials are essential for household or
industrial wiring. We will also study the different types
of wiring and how they is done.

SESSION 1: IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING THE

WIRING MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
Wiring materials
Electrical wire is made of materials like copper,
aluminium and silver. As silver is expensive, mostly
copper and aluminium are used in wiring.
Materials are classified into three types according to
their properties:
1. Conducting materials
2. Insulating materials
Fig. 3.1 Wiring components 3. Semiconductor materials

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 Conducting Material
(a) Copper
It is a good conductor of electricity. It is used in wiring
materials in cables. Its has low resistance and is used
for conduction of electricity at high, medium and low
voltage (Fig. 3.2).
It is used in wiring and cable making. Fig. 3.2 Copper wire

(b) Aluminium
It is light weight and cheaper in comparison to copper.
Therefore, this type of conducting material is mostly
used in electrical wiring. It is silvery–white in colour
and it has a soft texture. It is often used in wiring and
making cable (Fig. 3.3).
Fig. 3.3 Aluminium wire
Insulating Materials
Insulating materials are used for insulating purpose.
These types of materials are bad conductors of current.
For example rubber, paper, mica, wood, glass and
cotton.

Wiring Accessories
Wiring accessories are used for connecting appliances
(Fig. 3.4).
(a) Switch
A switch is used to make or break an electrical circuit.
It is used to switch ‘on’ or ‘off ’ the supply of electricity
to an appliance.
There are various switches such as
y surface switch Fig. 3.4 Sockets
y flush switch
y ceiling switch
y pull switch
y push button switch
y bed switch
(i) Surface switch: It is mounted on wooden boards fixed
on the surface of a wall. It is of three types
1. One-way switch
2. Two-way switch
3. Intermediate switch
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 y One-way switch: It is used to control single circuits
and lamp (Fig. 3.5).
y Two-way switch: It is used to divert the flow of
current to either of two directions. The two-way
switch can also be used to control one lamp from
two different places as in the case of staircase wiring
(Fig. 3.6).
y Intermediate switch: It is used to control a lamp
from more than two locations (Fig. 3.7).
Fig. 3.5 One-way switch
(i) Flush switch: It used for decorative purpose (Fig. 3.8).
(ii) Bed switch: As the name indicates, it is used to
switch ‘on’ the light from any place, other than switch
board or from near the bed. This switch is connected
through a flexible wire (Fig. 3.9).

(b) Holders
A holder is of two types.
1. Pendant holder (Fig. 3.10)
Fig. 3.6 Two-way switch
2. Batten holder (Fig. 3.11)
Fig. 3.10 Pendant holder
(c) Ceiling rose
It is used to provide a tapping to the pendant lamp–
holder through the flexible wire or a connection to a
fluorescent tube (Fig. 3.12).
(d) Socket outlet/plug
Fig 3.7 Intermediate switch
The socket outlet has an insulated base
with the moulded or socket base having
three terminal sleeves (Fig. 3.13).
Fig. 3.13 Socket
(e) Main switch
To control the electrical circuit a main switch is used.
Through the main switch, the power in a building is
Fig. 3.8 Flush Switch controlled completely (Fig. 3.14).

Fig. 3.14 Main switch/

Fig. 3.9 Bed switch Fig. 3.11 Batten holder Fig. 3.12 Ceiling rose
Main MCB

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 (f) PVC casing-capping wiring
PVC capping is done in order to cover the wires. It
includes casing also. This casing-capping wiring is also
known as open wiring, as it is done outside the wall.
Materials required for PVC casing-capping wiring
(Figs. 3.15 and 3.16) include
1. wire
Fig. 3.15 PVC
2. casing enclosures made up of plastic casing-capping accessories
3. capping made up of plastic
4. T. Joints VIR (Vulcanised Indian Rubber) or
PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) insulated wire
5. junction box
6. elbow
7. casing and capping joints
Fig. 3.16 PVC
Wooden casing-capping wiring is old fashioned. Now casing-capping bend
PVC or VIR insulated wires are enclosed within the
PVC casing enclosure and PVC capping is used to cover
the casing.
Advantages of casing-capping wiring
y Easy to install
y Strong and durable wiring
y Customization can be done easily
y Safe from smoke, dust, rain and steam, etc.
y No risk of shock due to casing and capping,
Disadvantages of PVC casing-capping wiring
y Costly
y Not suitable for humid weather
y High risk of fire
Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)
A MCB is used in new constructions instead of
the older types of fuses. Circuit breakers are small
devices used to control and protect the electrical panel
and the other devices from overflowing of electrical
power (Fig. 3.17).
Uses of MCB
Home electrical panels Fig. 3.17 MCB Distribution
As with all breakers, the MCB is designed to protect Box
the house from circuit overload. An MCB is much safer

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 than the typical fuse, because it can be reset manually
and can handle larger amounts of power. The breaker
can manage the flow of energy, distributing the voltage
even when many devices run off the same power circuit.
Lights
MCBs are used in the lighting system of the house,
because they can deal with the amount of power needed
to lightening a house, especially if specific types of lamps,
such as fluorescent lights are used. MCBs overcome the
need of additional power required when switching on
the lights, especially when lights are used extensively in
the entire house.
Industrial applications
There are many small scale industrial buildings where
MCBs are used instead of the old fuses. Miniature circuit
breakers are largely used in restaurants, bakeries and
commercial food stores.
Heaters
When heaters are used at home or in the office, the MCB
can be beneficial. It is known in general that heaters can
be problematic sometimes, especially with distribution
of electrical power. The MCB prevents possible problems,
cutting off electricity in the case of overload or fault.
In this case, though, you need to choose a miniature
circuit breaker of the proper capacity, enabling it to
handle the load of power when needed.
Conduit Wiring
Electrical conduits are used to protect and provide the
route of electrical wiring in an electrical system. Electrical
conduits are made of metal, plastic, or fibre and can
be rigid or flexible. Conduits (Fig. 3.18 and 3.19) must
be installed by electricians as per standard regulations.
For workshops and public buildings, conduit wiring is
Fig. 3.18 Conduit wiring the best and most desirable system of wiring. It provides
protection and safety against fire.
Types of Conduits
1. Class A conduit: Thin layered steel sheet of
low gauge
2. Class B conduit: Thick steel sheet of high gauge

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 Materials used in Conduit Wiring
y GI (Galvanised Iron) wire
y Elbow
y Coupling
y VIR (Vulcanized Indian Rubber) or PVC (Poly Vinyl
Chloride) insulated cables
y Lock nut
y Clip
y Junction Box
Advantages of conduit wiring
y Safe
y Better appearance
y No risk of fire
y No risk of damage of cable insulation 2 way Conduit

y Safe from humidity, smoke, steam, etc. 1 way Conduit

y No risk of shock
y Long lasting
Disadvantages of conduit wiring
3 way Conduit
y Expensive
Fig. 3.19 Conduit wiring components
y Installation is not easy
y Not easily customisable for future use
y Hard to detect faults

Concealed Wiring
It is laborious to install this wiring. The layout of this
wiring is done under the plaster of the wall of the
building.
Advantages of concealed wiring
y Safe
y Better appearance
y No risk of fire
y No risk of damage of cable insulation
y Safe from humidity, smoke, steam, etc.
y No risk of shock
y Long lasting
Disadvantages of concealed wiring
y Expensive
y Installation not easy
y Not easily customisable for future use
y Hard to detect faults

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 Colour Code
Wiring for AC and DC circuit are colour coded for
identification of individual wires (Table 3.1).
Table 3.1 AC power circuit wiring colour codes

Function Label New colour Old colour

Protective ground PG Green or green-yellow Green

Neutral N White Gray

Line, single phase L Black or red _

Line, three phase L1 Black Brown

Line, three phase L2 Red Orange

Line, three phase L3 Blue Yellow

Check Your Progress

A. Fill in the blanks

1. Wiring material is of three types __________, ____________
and ____________.
2. A switch is used to make or break ___________________.
3. Open wiring is also known as ____________________
wiring.
4. ________________ are devices used to control and protect
the electrical panel from overflowing electrical power.

B. State whether the following statements are True or False

1. Silver is a bad conductor of electricity.
2. Switches are made of conducting material.
3. PVC casing and capping are used for covering the wires.

C. Multiple choice questions

1. Concealed wiring is immune to____________
(a) humidity
(b) heat
(c) light
(d) dust

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 2. Pendant holder is used for________________
(a) fixing the bulb
(b) fixing the fan
(c) for hanging the bulb
(d) to hang the fan
3. A two-way switch is used for _________________
(a) control one bulb from 2 points
(b) control two bulbs from 2 points
(c) control multiple bulbs from 2 points
(d) control one bulb from one point

D. Short answer questions

1. Why is PVC casing-capping preferred over wooden
casing-capping wiring?
2. How does an MCB help in managing electrical power?
3. Why is conduit wiring used in homes?
4. Discuss the importance of colour codes in electrical
wiring.

SESSION 2: ICTP SWITCH AND DISTRIBUTION

BOARD
ICTP (Iron Clad Triple Pole) Switch
It is used alongwith the energy meter to isolate the
supply of electricity automatically or manually (Fig. 3.20).
Fig. 3.20 ICTP switch
Distribution Board
A distribution board is a component of an electricity
supply system that divides an electrical power feed into
subsidiary circuits, while providing a protective fuse or
circuit breaker for each circuit in a common enclosure.
A distribution board is also known as panelboard,
breaker panel, or electric panel (Fig. 3.21).

Electrical Circuit
In an electric circuit the positive side of wire is connected
to the negative side of a load, for example, bulb, TV, Fig. 3.21 MCB distribution board
etc. and power supply is started by using a switch. The
circuit is like an electrical house.

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 NOTES Types of Circuit
1. Open
3. Closed
4. Series
5. Parallel
y Series circuit: It is like a stair-case. In this type
of circuit r1, r2, r3 are resistances connected in
series. In this,
R = r1+r2+r3
where R is equivalent to resistance.
y Parallel circuit: When various resistances are
connected in parallel, then it is called a parallel
circuit. Like if r1, r2 and r3 are connected in
parallel, then
1/R = 1/r1+1/r2+1/r3
In this, all resistances having positive sides are
connected on one end and all negative sides are
connected on another end. In this, voltages are same in
all the branches.

Fixing Wiring Accessories on Board

You should know the tools required for fixing the
accessories on the board. You should also know the
purpose of fixing the accessories.
In-house wiring of the switches, holders and sockets
should be fixed on wooden/sunmica boards and blocks.
Therefore, it is necessary to learn how to fix these
accessories. The ways to fix these accessories have been
discussed in the following practical activity.

Let’s Practice 1
Adjust the electrical accessories like, switches, holders, sockets,
etc. on the given board or round block. And then mark their
positions by a pencil. Remove the covers of the accessories and
loosen the screws of terminals. Make a powder of chalk and pour
it in the holes of the terminal. Mark the point on them by the
poker.
Now make the holes on the round block or board by the
drilling machine where the points have been marked. Insert the
wires in the terminal, after removing the insulation. Then fix all

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 the accessories on the board or round block by wooden screws NOTES
after making holes on them by the poker. Then fix all covers on
the accessories.

Tools and materials required

Tools
1. Hand drilling machine with a drift bit of 5 centimeter
2. Poker
3. Screwdriver
4. Connector screwdriver 8 cms
5. Combination plier 15 cm
6. Try square
7. Firmer chisel 20 mm
8. Electrician knife 10 cm

Material
1. Wooden round block/ PVC Round Block
2. Wooden board/ Sun mica Board
3. Single pole one-way switch 5 A, 250V
4. PVC wire
5. Pencil
6. Chalk

Precautions
All the fittings (switch, holder) should be fitted well. No naked
portion of the conductor should remain visible. The screws
in the accessories fitted should be tight. The tools should be
used carefully.

How to control a lamp from two

different places by 2-way switches?
N

P
S1 SPDT 2-Way S2 SPDT 2-Way
Single Way Switch
N

2-way Intermediate 2-way

switch switch switch

L+

N–
Lamp
A lamp is switched ON and switched OFF from
three different places.

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 NOTES

Activity 1
Aim: Identify and draw the figure
of various wiring materials

Procedure
See the different types of wiring
materials as shown in the
diagram as well as in classroom
and draw the diagram.

Activity 2

Aim: Identify and connect the accessories with the wires

Tools and equipment required

1. Multimeter for measuring the
current and voltage.
2. Tools like plier, screw driver will
be required.

Procedure
Accessories will be connected with the help of wires.

Precautions
1. All connections should be tight.
2. Do not touch the terminals when supply is on.

Activity 3
Aim : To connect different types of components with wires in a
junction box.

Tools and equipment required

1. Multimeter
2. Tools like screw driver, plier.

Procedure
1. Different types of components will be connected with the
help of wires in a junction box

Precautions
1. All connections should be tight.
2. Do not touch the terminals when supply is on.

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 Questions and Answers NOTES
State whether the following are True or False
1. Conduit wiring is used in damp situations.
2. In wiring light point neutral is controlled by switch.
3. In three-pin plug maximum radius pin is used for phase.
4. In conduit wiring CTS wire is used.
5. Lead sheathed wiring age is more than conduit wiring.

Activity 4

Aim
• To familiarise N
the student with
the electrical
P
connection of
a lamp to the Single Way Switch
supply mains.
• To select the
proper size of
connecting wires
and switch for a
given load.

Related information
In a lamp, the electrical energy is converted into light. The
function of the switch is to turn the lamp “ON” or “OFF” by
making and breaking the electrical circuit respectively. The
switch should be connected to the phase wire of the supply. It
should be connected in series with the lamp. The function of the
fuse is to protect an electrical circuit against over current which
may be caused by a fault or overloading.

Apparatus and material

1. Lamp
2. Switch
3. Fuse
4. Wooden batten/ PVC Batten
5. Link clips
6. Screws
7. Nails
8. Insulation tape
9. Connecting wires
10. Lamp holder
11. Electricians common hand tools

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 NOTES
Precautions
1. Make all the connections tight.
2. Check the rating of the fuse.

Procedure
1. Fix the switch and lamp holder on the board.
2. Connect the switch and lamp.
3. Connect the circuit to the supply mains, while the main
switch is “OFF”.
4. Put “ON” the main switch.

Activity 5
Aim: To check the connection of the lamp by one switch (series)

Apparatus
Lamp 100W/220V, holder, one-way switch, PVC wire 1/18 SWG
etc.

Tools and equipment

S. Particular Specification Quantity

no.

1. Plier Slide cutting plier 1

Combination plier 1

2. Screwdriver 1

3. Phase tester 6” 1

Procedure
Take a PVC 1/18 SWG wire about 1 meter in length and cut it
in two pieces of equal length with side cutting plier. Remove the
insulation of nearly 1 cm of both ends of each wire with the help
of combination plier. Now take the holder and screw the nut with
the help of screw driver. Fit each end of both the wire in the bolt
and screw the nuts. Now cover the holder, connect one end of
the wire to the top point of the switch. Take 1 foot of another wire
and connect it to the bottom of the switch.
Connect the switch wire to phase and another wire to neutral.
Switch it on. If the bulb glows then our connection is right.
Precautions
1. Phase is always controlled by the switch.
2. Part of the wire with removed insulation should not
be open.

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 3. Twisted wire fitted in the holder should be put in such a NOTES
way that the two wires should not touch each other.
4. Carefully remove the insulation part so that the wire
should not cut.
5. Do not touch any naked electrical wire unless you are
sure that there is no current in the wire

Activity 6

Aim: Check the connection of lamp by two switches (parallel)

Related information
The circuit consists of one lamp and one pair of two way switches
are connected.
The common points in switches S1 and S2 are C1 and C2
respectively. The common point C2 is connected to position
2 of the switch S2. Now if the common C1 is connected to
position 1 in switch S1, then the path of the electric circuit
is not complete and, hence, the lamp will not glow. However,
if C1 is connected to position 1, then the path of the current is
completed through S1, S2 and the lamp. The lamp will glow.

Apparatus
How to control a lamp from two
1. One lamp holder, different places by 2-way switches?
(pendent) 5 A, 250V.
2. One lamp 40 Watts,
250V. S1 SPDT 2-Way S2 SPDT 2-Way
3. Two two-way switch,
5A, 250V. N

4. Connecting wires
5. Insulated plier
6. Electricians knife
7. Screw driver

Procedure
1. Connect the lamp with the two switches S1and S2
2. Put the lamp in position in the holder
3. Make the positions 1 and 1’ on S1 and 2 and 2’ on s2
4. Operate switch S1 in position 1and 1’
5. For each position of S1 put switch S2 in position 2 and
2’ respectively
6. Observe the results

Precautions
1. All connections should be firmly made
2. Switches S1 and S2 should be connected to the phase
wire.

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 NOTES Check Your Progress
A. Fill in the blanks

1. Distribution board is used for dividing an electrical power

feed into _________________.
2. In an electric circuit, the positive side is connected to the
___________, and the switch is used to start the power
supply.
3. Switches should be connected to the ______________wire
of supply.
4. The __________ protects an electric circuit.

B. Multiple choice questions

1. Switches, holder and socket are fixed on _______________

boards.
(a) sunmica (b) iron
(c) steel (d) copper
2. In a lamp, electrical energy is converted into____________
(a) electric (b) resistance
(c) light (d) current
3. 3. All branch voltages are same in ___________ circuit.
(a) series (b) shunt
(c) parallel (d) electrical
4. Distribution board is also known as a ________________.
(a) breaker panel (b) panel board
(c) electrical panel (d) All of these

C. Short answer questions

1. Silver is a good conductor of electricity, but it is rarely

used as a wiring material. Why?
2. Write down the properties of copper and aluminium and
about their applications in electrical wiring.
3. Aluminium is the most commonly used metal for electrical
wiring. Why?
4. List the different types of holders.
5. List the disadvantages of casing capping wiring.
6. Which material is used in conduit wiring?
7. List the advantages of conduit wiring.
8. Write the colour codes of AC power circuit for single
phase circuit.

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 SESSION 3: WORKPLACE HEALTH AND
SAFETY MEASURES
Workplace hazardous systems are designed to protect
the health and safety of workers. Information must be
provided about the safe handling, usage, storage and
disposal of hazardous systems. Workplace hazard is
something that can have potential to harm the technician.
There are hazards in every type of job and every type
of workplace. Everyone at the workplace shares the
responsibility to identify and control the hazards. The
technician must first recognise the hazards at the
workplace. When the technician installs or assembles
the components, she/he may have to face hazards which
are related to the workplace. For instance, these hazards
can be associated with the installation and assembly
process of a water purifier. The technician should be
aware of the hazards associated with the installation of
a water purifier. Majority of the hazards can be avoided
by being aware and taking appropriate precautions.

Electrical Hazard
An electrical hazard defines a dangerous condition. This
dangerous condition is related to energised equipment
or a conductor at workplace. If a technician comes
in contact with the energised equipment, then the
equipment may cause injury to the technician. There is
a possibility of being electrocuted or getting an arc flash
burn, thermal burn or blast injury while assembling
the components in a unit. Many of the hazards can
be avoided by being aware and taking appropriate
precautions. This will ensure safety at workplace
Fig. 3.22 Safe work in an
(Fig. 3.22). electrical system
Points that need to be remembered for working safely
around electrical panel and cabinet are as follows.
1. Watch out for loose cords and wires. Loose cords
and wires can cause physical hazards and even
electrical hazards. Hazard Tape should be placed
if a cord or wire is placed on a pathway.

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 2. Wear proper personal protective equipment.
The kind of personal protective equipment (PPE)
required around a machine will depend upon
the type of machine and task the employee is
performing. Nevertheless gloves, hardhats, safety
glasses, earplugs and other gears are important
to use where necessary. For safety, signs can
be posted near panels reminding employees to
wear PPE (Figs. 3.23 and 3.24).
Fig. 3.23 Loose cord which can be
hazardous 3. Use caution around heat sources. Some panel
and equipment get hot while operating. Everyone
should be aware of these areas and use caution
when nearby. PPE like gloves or flame-resistant
clothing may be required in these areas.
Fig. 3.24 Hazard tape 4. Be careful when cleaning: When cleaning around
a panel or equipment, one should note other
possible hazards too (Fig. 3.24):
y Fire and explosion hazards
y Need for PPE during cleaning
y Risk of electric shock
Follow visual and written instructions panel,
equipment has signs and labels on them alerting
employees to hazards (Fig. 3.25).
5. Be cautious while testing, replacing
safety helmet
eye protection the components in the panel. All
levels of voltage should be considered
dust mask
ear plugs equally dangerous. Even the voltage
levels which cannot produce
protective electrical shock should also not
gloves
high visibility
be ignored. We should check and
clothing confirm that the circuit is dead
laced safety
footwear before touching it for repairing
Fig. 3.25 Personal protection equipment maintenance or any other work.
6. Avoid water at all times when working with
electricity. Never touch or try repairing any
electrical equipment or circuits with wet hands.
It increases the conductivity of electric current
(Fig. 3.26).
7. Never use equipment with damaged insulation or
broken plugs.
8. If you are repairing an electrical device always
turn off the mains supply.
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 9. Always use insulated tools while working.
10. Always use appropriate insulated rubber gloves
and goggles while working on any branch circuit
or any other electrical circuit.
11. Never try repairing energised equipment. Always
check that is de-energised first by using a tester.
Chemical hazards are caused due to
1. improper storage of chemicals causing a chemical Fig.3.26 Avoid water while
working with electricity
leakage
2. mishandling of chemicals due to inadequate
training or negligence.

Fire Extinguisher
A fire extinguisher (Fig. 3.27) is a protection device
used to cease fire. It is the basic first aid equipment
which can be effectively used for controlling fire. A fire
extinguisher is a cylindrical pressure vessel containing
an agent which can be discharged to cease a fire. A fire
extinguisher should always be available in areas where
persons work with electrical equipment.
Different parts of a fire extinguisher are shown in
Fig. 3.27.
The following steps demonstrate the operation Pin and Seal

of a fire extinguisher in case of a fire emergency. Gauge

Step 1: Identify the safety pin of the fire Hose

extinguisher which is generally present in its
handle
Step 2: Break the seal and pull the safety pin
from the handle Nozzle

Step 3: Use the fire extinguisher by squeezing

Inspection
the lever Tag
Step 4: Sweep it from side to side
Fig. 3.27 Parts of fire extinguisher

First Aid for Electrical Emergencies

Electrical accidents cause countless injuries. Injury
could be minimised and many lives saved if proper
rescue techniques and treatments are used. Electrical
accidents may occur at any time or place. Timely
response and treatment of victims is a major concern.
When an electrical accident occurs, due to the effect of
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 NOTES muscle clamping, a victim is often incapable of moving
or releasing the electrical conductor. Caution should be
a primary consideration during any electrical accident
or emergency. There should always be an emergency
response plan for scheduled electrical maintenance
or work.

Electrical Rescue Techniques

(a) Approaching the accident
y Never rush into an accident situation
y Call 108 as soon as possible
y Approach the accident place cautiously
Swollen tongue may Irregular heartbeat
or Cardiac arrest Exit Burn
obstruct airway
Paralysis

Vision Difficulty in
Problems breathing or
respiratory arrest

Fractured
bones

Entry Burn

Muscle tenderness
and possible twitching
Fig. 3.28 Wireman in an unconscious state because of an electrical shock

(b) Examining the scene

y Visually examine victims to determine if they are
in contact with energised conductors (Fig. 3.28).
y Metal surfaces, objects near the victim may also
be energised (Figs. 3.29 and 3.30).

Fig. 3.29 Victim in contact with energised conductor

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 y You may become a victim if you touch an energised
victim or conductive surface. Do not touch the
victim or conductive surfaces while they are
energised.
y Switch off the electrical circuits if possible.
(c) Hazards and solutions
y Be alert for hazards, such as heated surfaces and
fire etc.
y In case you cannot switch off the power source,
take extreme care
y Ensure that your hands and feet are dry
y Wear protective equipment, such as gloves and
shoes. Stand on a clean dry surface
y Use non-conductive material to remove a victim
from the conductor (Fig. 3.30)
(d) High voltage rescue
y Special training is required for rescues
if high voltage is present
y Protective equipment, such as gloves
and shoes must be worn
(e) First aid
Fig. 3.30 Use of non-conductive material to
y A victim may require Cardio-Pulmonary rescue the victim
Resuscitation (CPR). Steps to perform
in CPR are shown in the Figs. 3.31, 3.32 and 3.33.
y If the victim is breathing and has a heartbeat,
give first aid for injuries and treat for shock.
y Ensure the victim gets medical care as soon
as possible.
y Physician attending the victim must have
detailed information to properly diagnose and
care for the victim. The physician must determine
whether the victim should be sent to a Trauma or
Burn Centre.

Fig. 3.31 Chest compression Fig. 3.32 Open the mouth for airway Fig. 3.33 Rescue breathing

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 Check Your Progress
A. Fill in the blanks
1. While working with electricity, the technician must wear
_______________ gloves and shoes.
2. Defective or inadequate insulation may result in
______________.
3. CPR stands for ________________.

B. Multiple choice questions

1. What are the steps to operate fire extinguisher?
(a) Identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher which is
generally present in its handle
(b) Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle
(c) Use the fire extinguisher by squeezing the lever
(d) All of the above
2. When do we use a fire extinguisher?
(a) In case of flood
(b) In case of electric shock
(c) In case of fire
(d) In case of burn injury
3. Which of the following is a safety item that a wireman
must not have while working?
(a) Safety boots
(b) Gloves
(c) Helmet
(d) Belt
4. Which of the following steps are required to perform CPR?
(a) Chest compression
(b) Open airway
(c) Rescue breathing
(d) All of the above

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