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    Nicolaus Copernicus

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    Brod Patrick Avenue
    Nicolaus Copernicus was a 15th-16th century Polish astronomer who developed the heliocentric model that placed the Sun at the center of the Universe with Earth and other planets revolving around it. He published his theory, called Copernican heliocentrism, in 1543, which displaced the geocentric Ptolemaic model that had been accepted for centuries. Though Aristarchus had proposed an earlier heliocentric theory, Copernicus is credited with launching the Scientific Revolution by establishing a Sun-centered astronomical model that more accurately described the solar system.

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    Nicolaus Copernicus

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    Brod Patrick Avenue
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    Nicolaus Copernicus was a 15th-16th century Polish astronomer who developed the heliocentric model that placed the Sun at the center of the Universe with Earth and other planets revolving around it. He published his theory, called Copernican heliocentrism, in 1543, which displaced the geocentric Ptolemaic model that had been accepted for centuries. Though Aristarchus had proposed an earlier heliocentric theory, Copernicus is credited with launching the Scientific Revolution by establishing a Sun-centered astronomical model that more accurately described the solar system.

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    Nicolaus Copernicus was a 15th-16th century Polish astronomer who developed the heliocentric model that placed the Sun at the center of the Universe with Earth and other planets revolving around it. He published his theory, called Copernican heliocentrism, in 1543, which displaced the geocentric Ptolemaic model that had been accepted for centuries. Though Aristarchus had proposed an earlier heliocentric theory, Copernicus is credited with launching the Scientific Revolution by establishing a Sun-centered astronomical model that more accurately described the solar system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    110 views2 pages

    Nicolaus Copernicus

    Uploaded by

    Brod Patrick Avenue
    Nicolaus Copernicus was a 15th-16th century Polish astronomer who developed the heliocentric model that placed the Sun at the center of the Universe with Earth and other planets revolving around it. He published his theory, called Copernican heliocentrism, in 1543, which displaced the geocentric Ptolemaic model that had been accepted for centuries. Though Aristarchus had proposed an earlier heliocentric theory, Copernicus is credited with launching the Scientific Revolution by establishing a Sun-centered astronomical model that more accurately described the solar system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Nicolaus Copernicus

    Born 19 February 1473


    Toruń (Thorn), Royal Prussia,
    Kingdom of Poland

    Died 24 May 1543 (aged 70)


    Frombork (Frauenburg),
    Prince-Bishopric of Warmia,
    Royal Prussia, Kingdom of
    Poland

    Alma mater University of Kraków (1491–94)


    University of Bologna (1496–1500)
    University of Padua (1501–03)
    University of Ferrara (1503)

    Known for Heliocentrism


    Quantity theory of money
    Gresham–Copernicus law

    Scientific career
    Fields Astronomy Canon law
    Economics, Mathematics
    Medicine, Politics

    Academic advisor Domenico Maria Novara da Ferrara

    Influences Aristarchus of Samos


    Martianus Capella

    Influenced Johannes Kepler

    Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who put forth the theory that the Sun is at
    rest near the center of the Universe, and that the Earth, spinning on its axis once daily,
    revolves annually around the Sun. This is called the heliocentric, or Sun-centered, system.

    Copernican heliocentrism is the name given to the astronomical model developed by


    Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543. This model positioned the Sun near the center
    of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the other planets orbiting around it in circular
    paths, modified by epicycles, and at uniform speeds. The Copernican model displaced the
    geocentric model of Ptolemy that had prevailed for centuries, which had placed Earth at the
    center of the Universe. Copernican heliocentrism is often regarded as the launching point to
    modern astronomy and the Scientific Revolution.

    Copernicus was aware that the ancient Greek Aristarchus had already proposed a
    heliocentric theory, and cited him as a proponent of it in a reference that was deleted before
    publication; however, there is no evidence that Copernicus had knowledge of, or access to,
    the specific details of Aristarchus' theory. Although he had circulated an outline of his own
    heliocentric theory to colleagues sometime before 1514, he did not decide to publish it until
    he was urged to do so late in his life by his pupil Rheticus. Copernicus's challenge was to
    present a practical alternative to the Ptolemaic model by more elegantly and accurately
    determining the length of a solar year while preserving the metaphysical implications of a
    mathematically ordered cosmos. Thus, his heliocentric model retained several of the
    Ptolemaic elements, causing inaccuracies such as the planets' circular orbits, epicycles, and
    uniform speeds, while at the same time introducing such innovative ideas as:

     The Earth is one of several planets revolving around a stationary sun in a


    determined order.
     The Earth has three motions: daily rotation, annual revolution, and annual tilting of
    its axis.
     Retrograde motion of the planets is explained by the Earth's motion.
     The distance from the Earth to the Sun is small compared to the distance from the
    Sun to the stars.

    Claudius Ptolemy's model:


     "Earth-centered," or "geocentric"
    Illustration of Ptolemy's geocentric model of the universe.
    Ptolemy thought that all celestial objects — including the planets, Sun, Moon,
    and stars — orbited Earth. Earth, in the center of the universe, did not move at
    all.

    Commentariolus (Little Commentary)


     is Nicolaus Copernicus's brief outline of an early version of his revolutionary
    heliocentric theory of the universe.

    De revolutionibus orbium coelestium


     English translation: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres is the seminal work
    on the heliocentric theory of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) of
    the Polish Renaissance.

    o In the course of his discussion, Copernicus also became the first person to set
    forth clearly the "quantity theory of money," the theory that prices vary directly
    with the supply of money in the society. ... The causal chain began with
    debasement, which raised the quantity of the money supply, which in turn raised
    prices.
    o In economics, Gresham's law is a monetary principle stating that "bad money
    drives out good". For example, if there are two forms of commodity money in
    circulation, which are accepted by law as having a similar face value, the more
    valuable commodity will gradually disappear from circulation.

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