8

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Nature of Biology

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Nature of Biology
First Edition, 2019

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 8

Technology and
Livelihood
Education
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Nature of Biology

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at
[email protected].

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

(This gives an instruction to the facilitator to orient the learners and support the
parents, elder sibling etc. of the learners on how to use the module. Furthermore, this
also instructs the facilitator to remind the learners to use separate sheets in answering
the pre-test, self-check exercises, and post-test.)

For the learner:

(This communicates directly to the learners and hence, must be interactive. This
contains instructions on how to use the module. The structure and the procedure of
working through the module are explained here. This also gives an overview of the
content of the module. If standard symbols are used to represent some parts of the
module such as the objectives, input, practice task and the like they are defined and
explained in this portion.)

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Biology: The Science of Life
 Lesson 2 – Biological Concepts as Applied in Technology
 Lesson 3 – Tools Used in the Development of Biology and Biotechnology

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the unifying ideas in biology;
2. explain the different life processes;
3. explain biological concepts in a given technology;
4. identify the parts and function of the microscope;
5. name special tools used in research and technology; and
6. describe the contributions of Filipino and foreign scientists in the field of
biology and technology

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. The process by which animals take in foods that have already been
manufactured from raw materials is
a. Digestion
b. ingestion
c. nutrition
d. photosynthesis

2. The process by which digested foods are passed into different parts of
a plant or an animal is
a. digestion
b. ingestion
c. nutrition
d. absorption

3. The process by which oxygen is taken into an organism and carbon

dioxide is eliminated from the organism is called
a. excretion
b. secretion
c. circulation
d. respiration

4. The building-up and breaking down processes occurring in animals is

a. excretion
b. secretion
c. metabolism
d. assimilation

5. Learning the bones of the human body would be a part of

a. anatomy
b. embryology
c. cytology
d. physiology

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 Lesson

1 Biology: The Science of Life

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What’s In

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 What’s New

Biology Defined
Biology is the science that studies life and living things, including the laws
that govern the phenomena of life.

Every aspect of life from the smallest submicroscopic living particle to the
largest and most imposing of plant and animal species is included in the study of
biology. Biological study encompasses all that is known about any plant, animal,
microbe or other living thing of the past or present.

Biology is a natural science because it is the study of organic (living) nature.

It is the science of fishes and fireflies, grass and grasshoppers, humans and
mushrooms, flowers and sea stars, worms and molds. It is the study of life on top of
the highest mountain and at the bottom of the deepest sea. Biology is the
accumulated knowledge about all living things and the principles and laws that
govern life. Those who specialize in biology are known as biologists or naturalists,
and it is through their observations of nature and natural phenomena that the great
ideas of biology have been born.

Branches of Biology
The amount of knowledge gained in biology is so large that it has many branches.
The following table lists some of the major ones.

Table 1. Some Branches of Biology

Name Focus
Botany plants
Zoology animals
Anatomy structure of living things
Taxonomy classification of living things
Cytology cells, their structure and functions

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 What is It

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 What’s More

Activity 1.1 Understanding Science Words

There are two ways you can understand science words better. One way is by defining
the word in context. The way the word is used gives you a clue as to its meaning.
Another way is by looking at the parts that make up the word. Each word part can
give you a clue as to the meaning of the whole word.
Learning the Skill: Defining Words in Context
1. First, read to see if the word is defined directly in the sentence.
2. If the word is not defined directly, read several sentences beyond the one in
which the word first appears. These sentences may provide information about
the definition of the word.
3. If possible, define the word based on your own past knowledge. You may have
learned the word in an earlier grade, or you may be familiar with it because
you hear it everyday.
4. Figure out the meaning of the word by how it is used in the sentence and by
the sentences around it.
Find the definitions of the italicized words.
1. Biology is the study of life.
2. A cat is a mammal.
3. All living things can reproduce
4. Green plants carry out photosynthesis.
Learning the Skill: Understanding Word Parts
1. Look at the word to see how many word parts you think it has. The word may
have one or more word parts.
2. You may recognize parts of the word from previous lessons. Or, you may
recognize parts of the word from other familiar words. Try to define each word
part if you can.
3. Then define the whole word.
4. Look for root words and prefixes or suffixes. A root word is the main part of
the word. A prefix is a word part added to the front of a root word to change
its meaning. A suffix is a word part added to the end of a root word to change
its meaning.

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 What I Have Learned

1. The basic characteristics of living things include movement, metabolism,

growth, response, and reproduction.
2. Metabolism is the sum of all chemical activities essential to life. Ingestion,
digestion, respiration, and excretion are metabolic activities that occur in all
organisms.
3. Life span is the maximum length of time a particular organism can be
expected to live.
4. A living thing reacts to a stimulus, which is a change in the environment, by
producing a response.
5. Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring.
6. Asexual reproduction requires only one parent while sexual reproduction
requires two parents.
7. Living things need energy for metabolism. The primary source of energy for
all living things is the sun.
8. Oxygen in the air or dissolved in water is used by all organisms during
respiration.
9. Carbon dioxide is used by plants to make food.
10. Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to keep conditions constant inside
its body when the outside environment changes.

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 What I Can Do

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Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which is NOT one of the basic characteristics of life?

a. air
b. response
c. metabolism
d. reproduction

2. Life activities such as ingestion and digestion are parts of the process
of
a. growth
b. response
c. metabolism
d. respiration

3. Organisms combine oxygen with other materials to produce energy

during
a. digestion
b. excretion
c. ingestion
d. respiration

4. The maximum length of time an animal can be expected to live is its

a. growth
b. life span
c. development
d. spontaneous generation

5. A signal to which an organism reacts is called a (an)

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 Additional Activities

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 12
What I Know What's More Assessment
1. A 1. A 1. A
2. B 2. B 2. B
3. C 3. C 3. C
4. D 4. D 4. D
5. A 5. A 5. A
Answer Key
References

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