EFFECTIVENESS OF BANANA (MUSA ACUMINATA) PEEL AS

NATURAL FERTILIZER FOR TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM)

PLANT

A research study presented to

The Faculty of the Integrated School-High School Department
University of Negros Occidental – Recoletos

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for
Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion – Grade 12

Joshua B. Casilagan
Karylle Paolo G. Catalan
Dominic J. Dela Rosa
John Vic Gellangala
Merlin Rey D. Javier
Anthony Gabriel Maranon
Lahns Perulino
Andrei Joshua Vasqueza
Daniel Ceasar A. Zabala

March 2020
 Abstract

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a banana peel effectiveness of banana(MUSA

acuminata) peel as a natural fertilizer for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plant. An experimental

research design method was used. We have collected several samples of banana peels and

soils where the banana tree was planted, such as soil with a standard amount of banana peel

fertilizer, and also soil without fertilizer for comparison. The researchers find place wherein both

fertilized and non-fertilized plant could positioned based on its required needs of the plants. The

result of the study indicated that the effectiveness of the banana (MUSA) peel as natural fertilizer

for tomato plant was faster compared with non-fertilizer soil. Therefore, banana peel can be used

as an organic fertilizer for tomato plant. However, proper positioning of the plant and good soil

condition must observed upon planting.

 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Global agricultural production and crop yield growth rates have declined in recent years.

This has raised fears that the planet may not be able to grow enough food and other resources to

provide adequate food for future populations. Over recent years, global agricultural production

and growth rates of crop yields have declined. This has raised fears that the world may not be abl

e to grow enough food and other resources for potential populations to provide adequate food.

The possible solutions we come up is that, the researchers will minimize the usage of chemical

fertilizers that affect the nutrients needed in plants. Chemical fertilizers lower downs the natural

effect of the soil that leads to the capability of the soil to grow plants in an organic way. Also the

researchers come up to an idea of segregating/reusing the peels of fruits that people usually

throw after its been eaten such as banana. Banana peels has an organic compounds like protein,

fiber and potassium that can be used as an alternative fertilizer that is essential to some plants

such as tomato. SOURCE

The general objectives of the researchers to this study are, to reduce the usage of

inorganic fertilizers or chemical fertilizer that has a negative effect on both plants and people, to

increase the productivity of plants that is a problem to our country today, to make the crops

healthier and increase its positive effect to both plants and people requiring it. SOURCE
Development Relevance: Factors such as the green revolution, has led to impressive progress in

increasing crop yields over the last few decades. This progress, however, is not equal across all

regions. Continued progress depends on maintaining agricultural research and education. The

cultivation of cereals varies widely in different countries and depends partly upon the

development of the economy. Production depends on the nature of the soil, the amount of

rainfall, irrigation, quality of seeds, and the techniques applied to promote growth. Agriculture is

still a major sector in many economies, and agricultural activities provide developing countries

with food and revenue. But agricultural activities also can degrade natural resources. Poor

farming practices can cause soil erosion and loss of soil fertility. Efforts to increase productivity

by using chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and intensive irrigation have environmental costs and

health impacts. SOURCE

Thus, inappropriate use of inputs for agricultural production has far reaching effects. In

many developed countries, excessive nitrogen fertilizer applications have sometime lead to pest

problems by increasing the birth rate, longevity and overall fitness of certain agricultural pests,

such as aphids. Further, excessive use of fertilizers emits significant quantities of greenhouse gas

into the atmosphere. Over-fertilization of a vital nutrient can be detrimental, as "fertilizer burn"

can occur when too much fertilizer is applied, resulting in drying out of the leaves and damage or

even death of the plant. In many industrialized countries, overuse of fertilizers has resulted in

contamination of soil that leads to infertility, causes it to lower down the organic effect to the

plants and surface water and groundwater. There is no single correct mix of inputs to the

agricultural land, as it is dependent on local climate, land quality, and economic development;

appropriate levels and application rates vary by country and over time and depend on the type of

crops, the climate and soils, and the production process used. SOURCE
 Banana contains important nutrients, which could be recycled into useful materials to be

reused indifferent purposes. Extraction of mixed nano bio stimulant fertilizer from Banana peels

is the main purpose of this investigation. Bananas are packed with nutrients, such as 450g of

potassium, 1g of protein, 3g of fiber that compose the nutrients needed in a tomato that can help

it grow healthier. Though you won't want to eat them yourself, your plants benefit from the

nutrients as the peels decay. Plants need nutrients in order to thrive. Protein, phosphorus and

potassium are required in the highest amounts, and nutrients such as calcium, manganese,

sodium and sulfur are necessary in lower amounts. While various levels of these nutrients occur

naturally, some soils can use a boost. Adding banana peels around prized plants is a widespread

gardening practice that means it can improve your soil and to extend the capability of the

community to plat crops even in their own backyards. SOURCE

A large quantity of bananas is produced annually and its peel, which accounts for about

one third of the treatment of various ailments. This by-product is rich in phenolics with over 40

individual compounds identified. However, composition and levels of these compounds are

influenced by various factors, including varieties, maturity, cultivation conditions, and pre-

treatments. Phenolic within banana peels have been found to possess potent antioxidant and

antimicrobial properties, and linked with various health benefits. Therefore, it is worthwhile to

recover phenolic from this by-product for further utilization in food and pharmaceutical

industries. This review comprehensively highlights the phenolic compounds as well as major

factors affecting their presence within the banana peel, reviews the current applications of this

by-product, outlines its potential uses in food and pharmaceutical industries and finally proposes

a trend for future studies (Hang T.Vu,Christopher J.Scarlett,Quan V.Vuong, 2017).

 The Philippines is one of the top five exporters of bananas, with some 1.4 m tons

exported in 2016, down from a high of 3.3m in 2013. In 2012, the exports from the Philippines

(essentially Cavendish cultivars) made up 98% of the Asian banana trade. Two thirds of the

exported volumes were shipped to Japan, China and South Korea. In 2015, the country produced

nearly 9.1m tonnes of bananas on 443,270 ha, with Cavendish cultivars accounting for about

50% of national banana production, Saba (29%) and Lakatan (11%). Latundan (a Silk cultivar)

and other cultivars accounted for about 11%. At the beginning of the century, as many as 90

cultivars were estimated to be grown for local consumption (Anne Vezina, 2018).

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a banana peel Effectiveness of banana

(MUSA acuminata) peel as natural fertilizer for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plant it sought

answers to the following questions:

1.Is there a significant difference in the level of effectiveness of banana (MUSA

acuminata) peel as natural fertilizer for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plant in terms of

LEAVES and fruits.

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference on Effectiveness of banana (MUSA acuminata) peel as

natural fertilizer for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plant in terms of LEAVES and fruits

Conceptual framework

Banana peel Peeling 1. Level of

Effectiveness
Tap water Cutting
a. Fruit size
Soaking
b. Number of fruits
Draining
c. Growth rate
Figure 1: Diagram showing the relationship of the variables in the study. This study will be

based on the concept that banana peel is a potential ingredient in formulating organic fertilizers

as it is scientifically proven. Banana peel will help add calcium, magnesium, sulfur, phosphates,

potassium and sodium, all of which are important to the healthy growth of both flowering and

fruiting plants. Bananas peels also helps add healthy organic material, which help the soil retain

water and lighter when added to your garden.

Theoretical background TO WHAT THEORY DO YOU ANCHOR THIS STUDY?

This study was anchored on organic farming and organic farmer behavior by Phaibun

Yanakittkul and chuenjit Aungvaravong” Benefit and limitations by Henrylito D. Tacio. Despite

the benefits derived from organic agriculture, Filipino farmers are still not agog about it. To find

out, Lucille Elna Parreno-de Guzman conducted a study in selected towns in Laguna and in La

Trinidad, Benguet, where farmers are adopting organic agriculture. The researcher found four

reasons: For one, organic agriculture is “knowledge-intensive.” There are so many options

available and it’s up to the farmers to select which suit best to their farms. After training,

“constant monitoring and assistance are still needed to ensure farmers’ continuous practice and

compliance to organic agriculture standards,” Parreno-de Guzman wrote. Another reason: too

much labor in the production of organic fertilizers and concoctions. Most farmers are used to

having quick fixes by simply buying chemical inputs. “Gathering raw materials and preparing
these into organic fertilizers and other concoctions is considered laborious and time-consuming,”

wrote Parreno-de Guzman.

Review of Related Literature CATEGORIZE RRL. CITE SOURCES.

In recent years, organic farming has become a trend toward a healthier lifestyle. The

government formalized the adoption of this farming system when Congress passed Republic Act

No. 10068 or the Organic Act of 2010. Through the Act, the government has been mandated to

“promote, propagate, develop further, and implement the practice of organic agriculture in the

Philippines.” Organic farming has many benefits, the Act said ORGANIC PRODUCTS

Benjamin R. Lao of Barangay Eman in Bansalan, Davao del Sur has completely transformed his

farm into a haven for organic products. Lao is one of the many farmers in the Davao region who

follow the organic methods of farming.(PATRICIA HAMILTON, 1987).

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill) is rich in vitamins A and C, and mineral. It is

relatively warm season crop. This crop grows well at a temperature range of 19 degree Celsius to

30 degree Celsius. It requires plenty of sunshine but low humidity. Continuous rain during hot

weather increases disease incidence such as bacterial wilt, leaf blight, root knot, and fruit

cracking. Regular planting schedule of tomato is from November to February. For off-season

planting, third week of march to early part of October, is recommended.CITE SOURCES.

Tomato can thrive on many types of soil with good drainage but preferably in sandy to

sandy loam soil. Avoid areas known to have the history of nematodes and bacterial wilt. Planting

tomatoes continuously in the same area previously planted with tomato or other solanaceous

crops like pepper and eggplant will cause pest and disease build up. Optimum pH is 6.0-7.0 with

temperature range 19 degree Celsius to 30 degree Celsius. CITE SOURCES.

Fertilization

Basal application of bags of vermicast per hectare o4 125 g per hill. First side dressing –

seven days after transplanting, apply 4 bags 14-14-14 and 4 bags 16-20-0. Second side dressing –

20-25 days after transplanting, apply 1 bag 46-0-0 and 1 bag of 60-0-0 and apply 15 days after

with the same amount and kind of fertilizer. Water the plants immediately after transplanting.

Irrigate the plants immediately after every fertilizer application and repeat weekly during dry

season and as need arises during wet season. CITE SOURCES.

Potassium helps to plant root development and distribute water and nutrients. It also helps

to regulate enzymes. Thus the plant will be strong and disease resistant. CITE SOURCES.

Phosphorus develops healthy roots and makes plant sturdy. It is essential for the production of

pollen, flowers, and fruit. CITE SOURCES. Sufficient calcium is essential for the proper

development of roots and stems. It also helps to break down the soil nutrients such as Nitrogen.

Magnesium promotes photosynthesis which is essential for plant growth and development.

In short, Those are an essential element for plants, especially to form fruits, revive the

color of flowers, increase the resistance to diseases, and promote rooting. This is why banana

peels make a good fertilizer.CITE SOURCES.

In the Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, banana pulp and banana peel have

been successfully used to treat tomato fungus in an agricultural setting. Also, tannins present in

ripe banana peel act as tanning agents in leather processing. (Journal of Pharmacognosy and

Phytochemistry, 2013) Pineapple and banana peelsethanol yields were significantly higher than

plantain peel ethanol yield. The findings of this study suggest that wastes from fruits that contain
fermentable sugars can no longer be discarded into our environment, but 13. should be converted

to useful products like bio-ethanol that can serve as alternative energy source.(International

Journal of Environmental Science and Development,2013) Banana peels particles can be

effectively used as a replacement for asbestos inbrake pad manufacture in automobiles. (Idris,

2013) Another, banana peel is also used in treating warts, treating poison ivy rashes, bruises,

mosquito bites, and it even helps in combatting alcohol addiction by drinking the water in the

boiled banana peels. (Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2012) The banana peels

will be a natural insecticide, which can be non-toxic to humans and pets and safe for the

environment. (Permasofty, 2012) Reader’s Digest once suggested that aphid-infected lawns and

gardens should bury dried-up banana peels since it kills or terminates the insects found in

anybody’s lawn. (Reader’s Digest, 2012) Banana peels can be a good source of wine through its

compound called tannin that is common as a tanning agent and as a food preserver. (Idise, 2012)

14. According to the Indian Journal of Biotechnology, banana peels can be used for the

production of Amylase through the use of Aspergillusniger. (Indian Journal of Biotechnology,

2012) Banana peels can be ensiled but it lacks the appropriate amounts of easily fermentable

carbohydrates that are needed for good quality preservation, they should be ensiled together with

a feed rich in fermentable carbohydrates.(Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2012)

Banana peel, an underutilized source of phenolic compounds is considered as a good source of

antioxidants for foods and functional foods against cancer and heart disease. The peel of the fruit

contains various antioxidant compounds such as gallocatechin and dopamine. (Food and

Nutrition Sources, 2011) In the Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry, banana peel is said to

be a source of valuable components, the nutritional composition, and antioxidant components.

Banana peel is rich in Dietaryfibre, proteins, essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids
and potassium, good source of carotenoids, relief from pain, swelling, itching, bruising, wrinkles

and sunburn. (Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry, 2011) According to theResearch Journal

of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, materials that contain cellulose can be

used to treat heavy metal waste and one of the 15. biomaterial that proved to be as heavy metals

sorbent was bagasse. Cellulose can be used as an adsorbent for the carboxyl and hydroxyl

functional group which becomes the active binding site of the metal. Other biomaterials

containing cellulose is a banana peel and banana stem. (Research Journal of Pharmaceutical,

Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2011) According to Delana Brooks, banana peels can be used

to relieve itching from a poison ivy and mosquito bites. (Brooks, 2011) In the Asiatic Journal of

Biotechnology Resources, the banana peels and beet waste can produce ethanol. (Asiatic Journal

of Biotechnology Resources, 2011) According to Songklanakarin Journal of Science and

Technology, banana peel is a good source of dietary fibre. (Songklanakarin Journal of Science

and Technology, 2011) Banana costs one-third of the annual insecticidal imports in Costa Rica,

since these insecticides were used to repel or kill the parasites on a banana. (Alan et. al, 2008)

Banana peels were suggested by Priya Johnson to be a natural insecticide, since it does not bring

harm to the plants, instead, it gives a lot of benefits for the plant—especially when it is used to

eliminate aphids. (Johnson, 2010).

Scope and Limitations

The coverage of the study is based on the effectiveness of using banana peel as organic fertilizer

main materials:

1. the peel of banana (MUSA)

2. tap water
Other materials:

1. Bottle

2. tomato seeds

3. Bottle spray

4. Pot

5. Soil

Significance of the Study

This study would be most useful and significant to the following:

Farmers and Gardeners: This study will provide them more knowledge about the fertilizer they

are using today. The findings will pinpoint the effectiveness of a banana peel as their natural

fertilizer with a lesser expense from their pocket. WHY? WHAT? HOW?

HOUSEHOLD: The result of the study will help parents upon adopting banana peel as their

natural fertilizer. WHY? WHAT? HOW?

AGRICULTURE Student: This study will provide source and information to students and serve

as one of their reference for future study. WHY? WHAT? HOW?

Future researchers: This study can benefit the future researchers by making this study as

reference to their related literature for future study. WHY? WHAT? HOW?

Definition of terms ALPHABETICAL ORDER. CONCEPTUAL DEFINITON MUST

HAVE SOURCES. OPERATIONAL DEFINITON “HOW IS THE TERM USEED IN THE

STUDY”?
Effectiveness: Conceptually, it refers to adequate to accomplish a purpose; producing the

intended or expected result.

Operationally, this study refers to the efficiency level of a Banana Peel Extract as a natural

fertilizer.

Banana peel: Conceptually, refers to the skin of a banana (especially when it is stripped

off and discarded) that contains a certain compound called Tannin.

Operationally, this study refers to natural fertilizer to be used for a growing tomato.

Natural fertilizer: Conceptually, known as organic fertilizer an organic substance added

to soil that contains vital plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

Operationally, refers to organic substance to the soil that contains vital plant nutrients.

Fruit size: Conceptually, refers to the number of cells, size of each cell, and air space between

cells all can play roles in fruit size.

Operationally, this study refers to the natural size of the tomato fruit.

Growth rate: Conceptually, The amount by which a variable increases over a given

period of time as a percentage of its previous value.

Operationally, refers to a measurement of how fast something increases in size during a

particular period.