TMT, Hysd, Tor

Difference between TMT, HYSD, and TOR Steel Bars
TMT: Thermo Mechanically Treated or TMT bars are high-strength

reinforcement bars having a hardened outer core and a soft inner core. They
are manufactured under a process called Thermo Mechanical Treatment,
after which they are named. They are manufactured by passing hot rolled
steel billets through water, which hardens the surface and increases its
tensile strength while the inner core stays at a comparatively warmer
temperature and hence, the core becomes more ductile. This variation in the
microstructure of the cross-section of the bar provides huge strength to the
bar. Since there are no twisting or deformation processes employed in this
method, TMT bars have no surface cracks or other defects as well.
HYSD: When expanded, HYSD stands for High Yielding Strength Deformed
Steel; and is also their main characteristic. HYSD steel also undergoes heat
treatment similar to TMT bars, but the subsequent processes are different.
In this type of steel, after undergoing the heat treatment process, the hot
steel rods are either heat rolled or cold twisted for shaping, thus making
them both thermally and mechanically treated.
TOR: The technical term for TOR (Toristeg Steel Corporation of Luxembourg)
is CTD, which when expanded, stands for Cold Twisted Deformed steel. It is
a form of HYSD steel, where the steel bars, after undergoing the mandatory
heat treatment process, are cold twisted and deformed. These deformations
are present on the surface and are done after an elongation process, which
imparts higher yield strength to steel and the surface deformations impart
higher bondage with concrete. Because of the deformations, these bars
minimize slippage in concrete and increases the bond between the two
materials. Deformed bars have a higher tensile strength than that of MS
steel bars and the deformations should be uniformly spaced along the length
the bar.
Both TOR and TMT bars have almost comparable iron content, so both of
them exhibit high strength, albeit TMT bars are significantly stronger. Also,
due to the superiority in the strength of TMT bars and also because of its
higher corrosive resistance, TMT bars are better suited for use in large
concrete structures and concrete structures built on the coastlines where
high humidity is a major issue. On the flipside of the coin, TOR bars are
general purpose steel bars used in buildings, roads, and bridges as they
surpass the minimum strength requirements.
To sum it all up in short, the basic difference between TMT, HYSD, and TOR
steel bars is the manufacturing process – TMT bars are subjected to water
quenching whereas HYSD and TOR are subjected to heat rolling or cold
twisting.
9 Reasons Why You Must Opt for TMT bars over HYSD and TOR steel:
• Due to the ductile micro-structure and a hard crystalline exterior

surface of TMT bars, TMT bars have a stronger external layer as
compared to HYSD steel bars.
• TMT bars have less residual stresses and higher tensile strength than
HYSD bars because TMT bars do not undergo any physical
deformation, unlike HYSD bars.
• As TMT bars do not undergo any physical deformation (twisting), no
torsional stress occurs which removes the chances of surface defects
in TMT bars.
• Due to the reduced amount of surface defects in TMT bars as
compared to HYSD steel, they are comparatively much less
susceptible to the harmful effects of oxidation like corrosion.
• TMT bars do not require explicit hardening as the hardening process
is conveniently achieved by the water quenching process, thus
reducing the energy and expenditure required for physically deforming
the steel bars, and hence increasing their affordability.
• Due to the amazing flexibility and durability exhibited by TMT bars,
they can be used for a wide range of construction works and is
basically one of the primary reasons why construction workers rely a
lot more on TMT bars as compared to HYSD steel bars.
• Using TMT bars for construction helps to reduce the consumption of
steel by 8% to 11% as compared to HYSD bars for the same
construction, again increasing their affordability.
• As TMT bars have a uniform and hardened periphery and a
considerably softer core, this kind of bars will have the desired tensile
strengths coupled with high elongation and ductility as required in the
construction of buildings located in areas with regular seismic
activity.
• TMT bars provide a longer life to the structures where they are used.
The TMT steel inside the concrete does not react with the moisture in
the surroundings. This reaction when allowed to occur results in the
formation of rust which acts like cancer and results in cracks in the
concrete, thus weakening the structure and subsequently shortening
the lifespan of structures and buildings.
The above reasons clearly illustrate the difference between TMT, HYSD, and
TOR steel bars and make it clear why it is beneficial for the customers to opt
for TMT bars over the latter variants.

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Difference between TMT, HYSD, and TOR Steel Bars

TMT: Thermo Mechanically Treated or TMT bars are high-strength

• Due to the ductile micro-structure and a hard crystalline exterior

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