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    LATBSDC Bulletin Revised Final

    Uploaded by

    Mauricio Delgado E.
    This bulletin provides guidance for designing tall buildings in Los Angeles using dual seismic force resisting systems of special reinforced concrete shear walls and moment frames. It recommends that for buildings over 240 feet: 1) the shear walls and frames be physically separated, with some exceptions for embedded columns; and 2) moment frame column seismic forces be amplified but limited to 0.4 times the gross column area to prevent high axial loads from reducing ductility. Nonlinear analysis is recommended over code-prescribed elastic analysis to better determine displacements and demands, especially for tall buildings.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    LATBSDC Bulletin Revised Final

    Uploaded by

    Mauricio Delgado E.
    31 views2 pages
    This bulletin provides guidance for designing tall buildings in Los Angeles using dual seismic force resisting systems of special reinforced concrete shear walls and moment frames. It recommends that for buildings over 240 feet: 1) the shear walls and frames be physically separated, with some exceptions for embedded columns; and 2) moment frame column seismic forces be amplified but limited to 0.4 times the gross column area to prevent high axial loads from reducing ductility. Nonlinear analysis is recommended over code-prescribed elastic analysis to better determine displacements and demands, especially for tall buildings.

    Original Description:

    Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council

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    This bulletin provides guidance for designing tall buildings in Los Angeles using dual seismic force resisting systems of special reinforced concrete shear walls and moment frames. It recommends that for buildings over 240 feet: 1) the shear walls and frames be physically separated, with some exceptions for embedded columns; and 2) moment frame column seismic forces be amplified but limited to 0.4 times the gross column area to prevent high axial loads from reducing ductility. Nonlinear analysis is recommended over code-prescribed elastic analysis to better determine displacements and demands, especially for tall buildings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views2 pages

    LATBSDC Bulletin Revised Final

    Uploaded by

    Mauricio Delgado E.
    This bulletin provides guidance for designing tall buildings in Los Angeles using dual seismic force resisting systems of special reinforced concrete shear walls and moment frames. It recommends that for buildings over 240 feet: 1) the shear walls and frames be physically separated, with some exceptions for embedded columns; and 2) moment frame column seismic forces be amplified but limited to 0.4 times the gross column area to prevent high axial loads from reducing ductility. Nonlinear analysis is recommended over code-prescribed elastic analysis to better determine displacements and demands, especially for tall buildings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    L o s A n g e l e s T a l l B u i l d i n g s S tr u c t u r a l D e s i g n C o u n c i l

    c/o John A. Martin & Associates, Inc. 950 S. Grand Avenue, , Los Angeles, CA 90015
    Phone (213) 483-6490 Fax (213) 483-3084

    Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council – Bulletin 14-01


    (Revised on April 30, 2015)

    Code References: Los Angeles Building Code Section 91.1613.1 and


    ASCE 7-10 Table 12.2-1

    This bulletin is intended to provide design guidance to structural engineers


    for seismic force resisting systems classified as “dual systems” that use
    special reinforced concrete shear walls in combination with special reinforced
    concrete moment resisting frames.

    LATBSDC recommends the following measures be taken for buildings taller


    than 240 feet with respect to seismic analysis and design of dual systems
    using special reinforced concrete shear walls and special reinforced concrete
    moment frames which are designed according to the 2014 Los Angeles
    Building Code prescriptive analysis and design procedures with the following
    additional requirements:

    1. The dual system shall consist of physically separated shear walls


    and frames.

    EXCEPTION: Columns of the frame may be embedded in the


    shear wall outside the shear wall’s boundary elements. Such
    embedded columns, however, shall not be counted towards
    satisfaction of the 25% of the total base shear strength that has
    to be provided by the moment frames.

    2. Moment Frame column seismic axial forces shall be amplified by


    Ωo, but need not be larger than the axial forces generated by the
    hinging of the moment frame beams. The amplified column axial
    force in combination with gravity load shall be limited to 0.4f’c
    times the gross area of concrete columns.

    Commentary:

    Whereas buildings with seismic force-resisting systems consisting of special


    reinforced concrete shear walls are limited in height to 240 feet, the Los
    Angeles Building Code Section 91.1613.1 and ASCE 7-10 Table 12.2-1
    impose no height limits on dual systems. Dual systems of any height may
    therefore be designed using prescriptive code provisions. A review of
    published tall building research, shows that dual systems, designed to only
    satisfy prescriptive code provisions may not satisfy the intent of the building
    code and may be significantly under-designed compared to similarly tall
    buildings designed according to the latest performance-based design
    methodologies.

    Seismic analyses of tall buildings show that axial force demands on concrete
    moment frame columns will be severely underestimated when using standard
    code procedures. In addition, it is impossible for an engineer using the elastic
    analysis techniques permitted by prescriptive code provisions to accurately
    determine the displacements in the nonlinear range that are required to

    Page | 1
    L o s A n g e l e s T a l l B u i l d i n g s S tr u c t u r a l D e s i g n C o u n c i l
    c/o John A. Martin & Associates, Inc. 950 S. Grand Avenue, , Los Angeles, CA 90015
    Phone (213) 483-6490 Fax (213) 483-3084

    ensure deformation compatibility, which is necessary for acceptable seismic


    performance.

    One reason that elastically-based methodologies permitted by the building


    code significantly underestimate concrete column axial loads is that current
    codes do not impose a force amplification factor on reinforced concrete
    moment frame columns, which are required for similarly situated steel
    moment frame columns. Contrary to performance based design guidelines;
    prescriptive design standards do not impose a realistic limit on the column
    axial force demands. High column axial force demands rob the concrete
    columns of almost all available ductility. For these reasons, the SEAOC Blue
    Book recommends the use of nonlinear analyses to estimate displacements
    and demands when lateral systems are combined.

    The SEAOC Blue Book emphasizes the importance of maintaining the ability
    of the secondary system (e.g., moment frames) to maintain vertical and
    lateral support when the primary system (e.g., shear wall) suffers significant
    damage at large displacements. Accomplishing this goal is difficult, if not
    impossible, when boundary elements of the shear wall also serve as columns
    in the moment frame. As the shear wall boundary elements degrade, the
    moment frame columns at the same locations suffer similar damage,
    compromising their ability to function as a part of the vertical and seismic
    load carrying systems. Given these deficiencies in prescriptive code
    methodologies relative to obtaining realistic estimates of moment frame
    column axial loads, the concurrent degradation of the shear wall boundary
    elements and moment frame columns becomes of particular concern.

    Page | 2

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