3M Mini OTDR 2000

1
 3M Mini-OTDR
2000User training -
Agenda
8:00 Welcome and Agenda Review
8:45 Introduction to Fiber Optics and OTDR Theory
9:45 Introduction to OTDR Measurements
11:00 Introduction to the 3M 2000 Mini-OTDR
11:30 Hands on Measurements with the 3M Mini-OTDR
2000
12:30 Lunch
13:30 Question and Answers
14:00 END

2
3
OTDR Measurements Agenda

l Introduction to 3M Lightwave
l Fibers and Connectors

l Optical Time Domain Reflectometer Theory

l OTDR Measurements

l Introducing the 3M Mini-OTDR 2000

l Software Utilities the 3M Mini OTDR 2000

l Using the 3M Mini OTDR 2000

4
 3M Lightwave Test Equipment

l Optical Switches
l Optical Routers
l Optical Mediaconverters
l Power Meters
l Loss Test Sets
l Tunable Laser SourcesAmplifier Test Systems

l Fiber Management Systems

l Mini-OTDR's
l Handheld Test Sets

5
 3M Optical Communication
Measurement -Purpose
To help our customers accelerate the development,
deployment and operation of the All-Optical Network.

Operation
R&D Manufacturing Installation Commissioning Maintenance

l Tun. + Fixed Sources l OTDR l RackOTDR l Network Management.

l Powermeters, Components l Mini-OTDR l Handhelds Systems Agilent
l Manuf. Test Systems e.g. EDFA AccessFiber

6
Trends -Fiber usage is increasing
Worldwide D eploym ent of Fiberoptic
C able 1997-2001 6 miles of fiber has
been used in the time
80000 it takes to read this
sentence.
60000

40000 A sia

MiddleE ast/
20000 A frica
E astern
E urope
0 Western
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
E urope
Fiber Manufactures
A s ia 11318 13599 16104 19384 23825
M iddleE ast/Afric a 3300 4000 4800 5700 6800
North could sell you a
A merica
E as tern Europe 1327 1783 2444 3328 4647 cable pair to connect
5518 6638 7689 8928 10214
W estern Europe
13222 14669 16249 18477 20235
up the Moon every
North Am eric a
week!
Table reflects kilo-fiber-km Source PMR

7
 Fiber Fundamentals

Fiber types
-9/125µm Single mode
Cladding 125µm -50/125µm and 62.5/125µm
multimode

Core
Trends
-Lower attenuation and dispersion
9µm -Lower cost per ft.
-More fibers per cable: From 8 to 288

50 or 62.5µm
8
 Connector Technology
• Ultra-high precision
Key
– Optical axis aligned to better Fiber
than ±1 µm (single-mode)
– Physical contact of the glass Ferrule
end surfaces necessary to avoid
strong reflections. Sleeve
• Connector cleanliness is
paramount
– dirt can add insertion loss, and
damage connections.
9
 Common Connector Types Used with
OTDRs
Air Gap Physical Contact Physical Contact
(straight) (straight) (Slanted)

Worst return loss: Good return loss: Best return loss:

<14 dB (Fresnel) >60 dB
>30-55dB dB
Formerly common Common single-mode Used in highspeed
multimode fiber connector telecom and CATV links
fiber connector

A physical contact, angled-type connector on the

OTDR could reduce deadzones.

10
 Connector Types
• Fiber end polishing: straight or angled
• Common mechanical styles: FC/PC, ST, SC, DIN

Photo: Gould
Fiber Optics

11
 Cables
Optical
• Mechanical design: Indoor, fibers
outdoor, or submarine installation Tube
Strain relief
(e.g., Kevlar)
• Typical attenuation: Inner
0.2 - 0.25 dB/km @ 1550 nm, SM jacket
0.3 - 0.4 dB/km @ 1310 nm, SM Shield
0.5 - 0.7 dB/km @ 1300 nm, MM
Outer
2.2 - 3.0 dB/km @ 850 nm, MM jacket

12
 What is a fiber optic link

l Used to connect a transmitter to a receiver from

distances between 2ft to 200 miles

l Main specifications are

– Total Link loss and loss over distance
– Individual reflection and total link return loss
– Link length

Typical Fiber Link

Fusion Bend Connector Crack Fiber
Splice Pair End

Tx Mechanical
Rx
Splice

13
 What can an OTDR do?
It is optical radar and can measure:
l a break point
l splice and connector losses

l point-to-point distances

l total cable length

l connector quality (return loss)

Fusion Bend Connector Crack Fiber
l attenuation of the fiber
Splice End

Mechanical
Splice
An OTDR is used for fiber:
lInstallation and Commissioning

Loss
lMaintenance.

lEmergency Restoration
Distance
lFiber identification.

14
 What is an OTDR?
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Fiber Network
Laser
Fusion Bend Connector Crack Fiber
Coupler Splice Pair End

Mechanical
Splice

Relative Power (dB)

Detector
Pulse
Generator

Analyzing Circuitry + Display

"Intelligence" OTDR Measurement Display

15
 Fiber events and their trace representation
Backscatter

Fusion Splice Bend

Loss

Mechanical Splice Crack Reflection

or Connector
Loss

Air gap

Cleaved end or
open connector Broken fiber-end Reflection non reflective

(Reflective) (Non-Reflective)

16
Basic Terms

Backscatter
l

IOR - Index of Refraction

l

Non-Reflective Events
l

Reflective Events
l

Fiber End
l

17
Backscatter
Fusion Bend Connector Mechanical Crack Fiber
Splice Pair Splice End

OTDR Measurement Display

Backscatter is the small part of the Raleigh

scattering which returns to the OTDR.

18
 Index Of Refraction - IOR

Fiber End

The IOR for the fiber-under-measurement must be accurately known

and entered into the OTDR.

The IOR lies typically between 1.4 and 1.5.

The exact value is supplied by the cable manufacturer.

The Index of Refraction is a number used to express the ratio of the speed
of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the fiber.

19
 Non-Reflective Events
Fusion Bend Connector Mechanical Crack Fiber
Splice Pair Splice End

OTDR Measurement Display

Fusion
Bend
Splice

Fusion splices and bends cause loss, but no reflection.

Their signatures are similar on an OTDR display.

20
 Gainer Phenomena
Fusion Bend Connector Mechanical Crack Fiber
Splice Pair Splice End

OTDR Measurement Display

A B Gainer
Backscatter coefficient
Fiber B > Fiber A

To find the "real" splice loss, measure the splice

from both sides and take the average.

21
 Reflective Events
Fusion Bend Connector Mechanical Crack Fiber
Splice Pair Splice End

OTDR Measurement Display

Reflection
Mechanical Splice
Crack
or Connector Air Gap Loss

Mechanical splices, connectors and cracks cause both reflections

and loss. Their signatures are similar on an OTDR display.

22
Measuring Insertion Loss and
Reflectance of the First Connector
Launch Connector Fiber-Under-Test
Fiber Pair
(length > attenuation deadzone
for pulsewidth used)

Reflectance

Note: deadzone into fiber-under-test

Insertion
Loss

An external or connectorized launch fiber

can be used so that the first connector's insertion loss
and reflectance can be measured.

23
 Fiber-End
Fusion Bend Connector Mechanical Crack Fiber
Splice Pair Splice End

OTDR Measurement Display

(Reflective) (Non-Reflective)
Cleaved End Broken Fiber-End
or Open Connector

24
 What Happens if a Single
- Mode OTDR is Used
to Measure a Multimode Fiber ?
9/125 µm 62.5/125 µm

OTDR Fiber-Under-
Test

Positioning of Attenuation and

features is OK loss is wrong!

You can use the OTDR to locate features or breaks for a larger fiber
core diameter, but not to measure loss accurately.

25
Can I use an Agilent Multimode OTDR to Measure
a Singlemode Fiber? YES!

Attenuation
and loss are Agilent OTDR Singlemode
correct! with Advanced Fiber Under
Multimode Test
Distance
Module
Measurements
are correct!

You lose about 7dB at the front connection. All measurements

are accurate. You can easily measure 10 km of singlemode fiber

26
OTDR Measurements Agenda

l Basic Terms
l Fibers and Connectors

l OTDR Measurements

l Introducing the 3M Mini-OTDR 2000

l Software Utilities

27
Performance Parameters

Dynamic Range
l

Deadzone
l

Distance Accuracy
l

OTDR Design
l

28
The Need for Large Dynamic Range

Initial Backscatter Level. Splice Required Signal

Loss /Noise Ratio
0.1 dB 8.5 dB
0.05 dB 10.0 dB
0.02 dB 12.0 dB
31 dB Link Loss

= 39.5 dB of
Dynamic Range
SNR 8.5 dB (SNR=1)

Add the required Signal/Noise Ratio to the total link loss

to determine the dynamic range (SNR=1) required.

29
 What Distance Can I Measure ?

Small Dynamic Range Large Dynamic Range

0 km 200 km 0 km 200 km

The maximum distance you can measure depends on

the attenuation of the fiber
and the dynamic range of your OTDR.

To measure long fibers, or fast measurements on

short fibers, you want a high dynamic range.

30
 Deadzone or 2-Point Resolution

1.5 dB

Event Deadzone
Event Deadzone
minimum 3 m.

0.5 dB 1.5 dB Attenuation

Event Deadzone
Deadzone
minimum 10 m.
Attenuation Deadzone

A deadzone always occurs at the front panel connector

reflection and at any other reflective event on the link.

31
Using Launch Fibers to Eliminate the Deadzone
Launch Fiber Fusion Splice Fiber Under Test

Receiver The launch fiber should be

longer than the attenuation
Recovery
deadzone caused by the
Start of Fiber- used pulsewidth.
Under-Test

Only a launch fiber spliced to the fiber under

test can help eliminate front connector deadzone.

32
What Affects the Dynamic Range
& Deadzone?

l Dynamic range is a l Deadzone is a function of:

function of:
– pulsewidth
– pulsewidth
– size of the reflection
– averaging time
– OTDR design
– OTDR design

33
 How Pulsewidth Affects Dynamic
Range & Deadzone
Short Pulse Long Pulse

Short pulses provide better deadzones but a smaller dynamic range;

long pulses provide a better dynamic range but longer deadzones.

34
How Averaging Time Affects the
Dynamic Range

After 10 seconds After 3 minutes

A longer averaging time increases the dynamic range

by decreasing the noise floor of the OTDR.

35
 OTDR Design
Optmize for Resolution Optimize for Dynamic

pw = 1 µs pw = 1 µs

Use a wide receiver bandwidth: Use a narrow receiver bandwidth

Optimizing for resolution offer short deadzones, but a smaller dynamic range;
Optimizing for dynamic offer a large dynamic range but long deadzones.

36
Distance Accuracy & 1-Point
Resolution
X Actual Signal From Fiber
Sample
X X X X X X X
Timebase Accuracy X X X X
T X X X X

Error Due To Sample X

Displayed Trace
X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X

Fiber Length > Cable Length

Distance accuracy is a function of timebase accuracy, sample

distance , index of refraction setting and cabling factor.

37
 Performance Parameters - Summary

l Dynamic Range: determines how far into the fiber you can measure
as well as the time required to see an event.

l Deadzone: affects how close together you can resolve two

events and can be reduced by decreasing
pulsewidth.

l Distance Accuracy: of the event location. It is determined by sample

distance spacing and error, IOR and cabling factors.

l Optimize for Dynamic Range: provides a larger dynamic range, but longer
deadzones.

l Optimize for Resolution: provides a smaller dynamic range, but shorter

deadzones, and better event resolution.

38
OTDR Measurements Agenda

l Basic Terms
l Fibers and Connectors

l OTDR Measurements

l Introducing the 3M 2000 Mini- OTDR

l Software Utilities

39
3M 2000B Mini-OTDR

Target application:
Fault location and
maintenance of single
and multi-mode fiber
cables

Key contributions:
Performance/speed
Ease of use
Low-Cost
Size (Lightweight)
Flexibility

40
3M 2000 Mini OTDR Accessories
supplied

41
 The 3M 2000 Mini OTDR Solution
Floppy Option 005
AC Power Drive E6090A
20MB PC Card
External Adapter PC Toolkit SW
Printers

RS232C
Centronics

Module 1: Module 2:
Economy 1310nm
Economy 1310/1550nm Visible Light Source
Med Dynamic 1310nm
Med Dynamic 1310/1550nm Power Meter
High Dynamic 1310/1550nm
High Performance 1625nm
850nm/1300 Multimode Modules Future OR
for both 50um and 62.5um fiber.

42
A Full Featured OTDR

43
 The 3M 2000 Mini-OTDR Tool Bag

OPTICAL POWER METER 5

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Multifiber Test
Built-In Source Mode E
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44
When You Turn the Mini-OTDR On

45
You Can Select

You can select

which instrument
you want the next
time you turn the
Mini on.

46
 A Full Featured OTDR
Control's under your thumb

47
Easy OTDR

48
Multifiber Test Mode- The Task
Key

The Task key

can run up to
four tests on one
or more fibers
and can store all
the traces.

49
The Fiber Break Locator

The first drop of

the signal below
the threshold will
be marked.

50
The Optical Power Meter Sub-Module

51
The Visual Fault Finder

The Visual Fault

Finder has two
applications:
fault location
l

fiber identification
l

52
3M 2000 Mini OTDR`s Traffic Detection
Protects The Transmitter
Fiber under traffic

or
The OTDR checks whether there is optical power on the fiber
BEFORE it begins to send high power pulses.
This prevents possible damage to expensive
transmitters and receivers attached to the fiber.

Traffic Detection
PC w/ optical
LAN card
Transmission
System

53
 3M 2000 Mini OTDR’s Traffic
Detection Fiber
Protects
under test
Other OTDRs
The Agilent OTDR checks whether there is optical power
on the fiber BEFORE it begins to send high power pulses.
If power is detected it does not send pulses that
could damage other OTDR’s and it disables it’s owns
sensitive receiver to prevent damage from other sources

Traffic Detection

Remember:
A high power signal
input can not damage 54
the Agilent OTDR
 OTDR Enabling technologies
Intelligent High Capacity NiMH batteries
for long predictable performance

New Flash PC Card for the 3M Mini-OTDR

2000stores
up to 3000 traces in flash memory without a
battery!
3M’s OTDR Support CD
provides software tools,and
files.

Free Trace Viewer and transfer PC Software runs

under all Windows versions.

55
 In summary ......
l Great features in a small package . . .

Multi and Single-

Mode Solutions Visual Fault Finder Option

Power Meter (3% accuracy)

Built-In Stabilized
CW Source

Configurable Fiber High Speed OTDR

Break Locator Functions

56
OTDR Measurements Agenda

l Basic Terms
l Fibers and Connectors

l OTDR Measurements

l Introducing the 3M Mini- OTDR 2000

l Software Utilities

57
 3M 2000 MINI OTDR: The 3M
OTDR Toolkit
Desktop viewing and post-processing of OTDR trace data in a Windows environmentTM

• Analysis of splices, connectors and attenuations.

• Comparison of up to four traces simultaneously.
• Remote control of Agilent's OTDR
• Trace Navigator
• Trace Browser
• Print multiple traces
• Process multiple traces
• Two-way averaging
• Subtract traces
• Comprehensive context sensitive online help.
• ASCII export
• Copy to clipboard

Try our free OTDR TraceViewer Software. Go to

http://www.tmo.hp.com/tmo/ and select Product Information
In Search Key type “E6090A”, select Agilent E6090A OTDR Toolkit
and follow the instructions

58
 Free Trace Viewer

Download from the Web or

from Agilent’s OTDR Support
CD

Free Trace Viewer and

transfer PC Software runs
under all Windows versions.

59
Trace Manager

60
Two-Way Averaging

61
Processing Multiple Traces

62
Hands on with the 3M 2000 Mini-OTDR

63
Using the 3M 2000 Mini-OTDR

l The Hardkeys- Softkeys and Menus

l Getting started- Storing your Setups

l Measurement Parameters

l Analyzing Traces

l Using Easy Mode

l Printing and Saving Traces

64
 Preparing your Mini
Module Connector
Catches Cover

Optical
Output
Connector

Sub-Module Slot
65
 Preparing your Mini
Optical Cable
and Connector
The Connector Interface
is exchangeable: Connector
Interface
ST - Connector DE-0100-0830-3
SC - Connector DE-0100-0832-9
FC/PC - Connector DE-0100-0831-1
DIN - Connector DE-0100-0833-7
E-2000 - Connector DE-0100-0824-6
Angled Connectors are avaliable on request

66
 The Hardkeys on the Mini

These are the main The Run/Stop key is used to

Hardkeys. start and stop the
measurements.
The upper "mouse-
key” is used for
moving the cursor; Run/
Stop
the lower key is
the Select key.
Push the Helpkey anytime
to get on-line help.

?
The Function Hardkeys are used to
activate a variety of simple tasks.

67
 Selecting Instrument

Use the cursor keys to highlight your selection - then push the Select key.

68
Instrument Configuration 1

69
 Instrument Configuration 2

Pre-define the Trace Info. Labels

and the comments.

Check the settings you want

to be activated.

70
 Instrument Configuration 3
Update language selections
and firmware.

Check the information you

want to have printed.

71
 The OTDR's Menus: Settings

Push the Select

key two times...

72
 The OTDR's Menus: Analysis

Manually analyzing the trace.

73
The OTDR's Menus: Events

74
 The OTDR's Menus: View

Select what you want

on the display.

75
The OTDR's Menus: File

76
The OTDR's Menus: Config.

77
Measuring with the Mini-OTDR
1. Attach the fiber to be
tested. (Clean the
connectors).

2. Select wavelength if you

have a dual wavelength
module.

3. Check Refractive Index.

4. Check if set to "Auto".
5. Hit "Run/Stop".

THAT'S IT!!

78
Setting and Saving your Defaults

Modify the settings you

need...

... and save them.

79
 Saving Defaults . .
Close Menu

User Setting
Setup 1
Setup 2
Setup 3
Setup 4
Setup 5
Save As...

Select a name for your settings, and accept with Select.

80
 Selecting the Defaults
(from the "Measurement Settings" page)

Use the Recall Softkey to select the settings you want.

81
 Measurement Parameters
The Settings Page (1)

To set the start and stop

position for the measurement
in any position.
Sets pulsewidth for the
measurement.
Sets the wavelength
based on module
Choose between Real-
time, Continue or Average
Mode.
Makes range and Pulsewidth
automatic

82
Measurement Parameters
The Settings Page (2)

Sets the backscatter coefficient for the fiber.

Sets the Index of Refraction for the fiber.

Sets the averaging time.

Select Standard, Resolution

or Dynamic Optimize Mode.

83
Optimize Mode - Dynamic

The red trace is optimized

for Dynamic Range.

The green trace is optimized

for resolution.

Dynamic range optimizes

the OTDR for reducing
the noise on the
measurement.

84
 Optimize Mode - Resolution

The green trace is optimized

for Dynamic Range.

Pulsewidth 1 µSec The red trace is optimized

for both traces. for Resolution.

Resolution optimizes the

OTDR for reducing the
"blind spots" due to
reflections.

85
Measurement Parameters
The Settings Page (3)

Select the number of points

sampled along the trace.
Sets the alarm threshold for
front connector. 0.00 for off!
Sets the threshold for
reflections to be measured.
Sets the threshold for non-
reflective events to be measured.
Sets the threshold for the
"End of Fiber" algorithm.

86
The 3M Trace Checker

Modify the limits you

need to test a link too..

Don’t forget to save

the parameters.

87
 A Typical Trace Display

Full/Zoomed
Trace
The keys

Event Bar

Full Trace
Overview

Marker Information Measurement Parameters

88
 Analyzing the Trace
Full/Zoomed
Trace Toggle between
markers
Move active
marker
Zoom around
marker/ full trace
Push to activate
menu

Full Trace
Overview

Marker Information Measurement Parameters

89
 A Typical Event Table
Landmark
Information

Selected
Event
In Snap-to-Event
Mode.

Close View Menu

Set Offset
3Auto Offset
From Start
3Event Table
Full Trace 3Snap to Event
Overview 3Event Bar

AB Marker
3Auto Scan
Preferences

90
Zoomed Event
Locating the Fiber End

Found automatically
The end of the
fiber is
automatically
found.

91
Manually Locating the Fiber End

Press the
"magnifying glass"
to zoom in.
Position the corner
on Marker B.

92
Measuring Total Link Loss (1)

Position Marker A
just at the right
side of the front
panel reflection

93
Measuring Total Link Loss (2)

Position Marker A, so
it is in the same
vertical position as
the backscatter,
extrapolated back to
0 m.

The total link loss is

shown as "2pt.Loss".

94
Insertion Loss of Non-Reflective Events

Use Current Marker

and position the four
splice loss markers as
shown. "Ins. Loss at
<marker>" shows the
splice loss.

Close Analysis Menu

Scan Trace
Analyze Insertion Loss
Analyze Reflectance
Adjust Refr.Ind/Dist.
Adjust Scatter Coeff./Refl.
2pt. Loss
2pt. Attenuation
LSA-Attenuation 95
Insertion Loss of Reflective Events

Use Current Marker and

position the four loss
markers as shown. "Ins.
Loss at <marker>" shows
the insertion loss.

Close Analysis Menu

Scan Trace
Analyze Insertion Loss
Analyze Reflectance
Adjust Refr.Ind/Dist.
Adjust Scatter Coeff./Refl.
2pt. Loss
2pt. Attenuation
LSA-Attenuation
96
Reflectance of Reflective Events
Use current marker and
position the three markers
as shown. "Refl. at
<marker>" shows the
reflectance

Close Analysis Menu

Scan Trace
Analyze Insertion Loss
Analyze Reflectance
Adjust Refr.Ind/Dist.
Adjust Scatter Coeff./Refl.
2pt. Loss
2pt. Attenuation
LSA-Attenuation

97
Measuring Fiber Attenuation

Position Markers A and B

on the fiber between
splices.
The attenuation is shown
as LSA-Attn.

Close Analysis Menu

Scan Trace
Analyze Insertion Loss
Analyze Reflectance
Adjust Refr.Ind/Dist.
Adjust Scatter Coeff./Refl.
2pt. Loss
2pt. Attenuation
LSA-Attenuation
98
Measuring Reflections Close
Together

To measure reflections
close together, use
10 ns pulsewidth and the
Resolution Mode for the
shortest event deadzone.

99
Viewing Two Traces

Use the File menu,

to select the active
trace.

Close File Menu

Open...
Trace Info...
Close...
Close All
Save As...
Print...
Cancel Print
Utilities
DEMO1_1
3DEMO1
100
Using Easy OTDR

Select "Easy OTDR"

from the Boot screen,
or set "Boot into
Easy-OTDR" on the
Instrument
Configuration Screen.

101
Configuring Multifiber test

Use the Multifiber test

application to define a
series of measurements
and how they are stored

102
 How to Print
Push the Help hardkey, and hold it a second:
this will print the current screen ?
Or select "Print" in the "File" menu

You can print more than one

trace at a time using the "Utilities"
selection in the "File" Menu.

Select the traces with the cursor

and the Select key (labeled Ok)

In the Instrument Configuration Menu, you define your printer and what to print.

103
Your future is in your hands!

Welcome to 3M Performance!
104