Jara

WORK VS.
STUDY: LIVED EXPERIENCES OF COLLEGE

WORKING STUDENTS IN TERMS OF TIME MANAGEMENT
1
Chapter 1
The Problem and its Background
1.0 Introduction
Work-study is a program administered by high schools and colleges that employs
or secures employment for students so they can make money while matriculating (Work-
study. (n.d.). 2019). Working while studying is not an easy task, especially for full-time
students who work for more hours a week. This can be a tough situation which need
balancing of time between studies and work.
Working while studying is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon

among students in the education system ( 2014 Jewell S). A report by the Trade Union
Congress (TUC), the increase is partly the result of the changes in student funding over
the past two decades, due to the rapid expansion in student numbers. While in the 1960s
only about 6% of young people aged 18-30 attended university, 43% were enrolled by
2006 , resulting in an increased financial pressure on both the Government and the higher
education institutions (HEIs). By 1998 it was decided that some of the costs of higher
education had to be borne by the students themselves (and their families). Means tested
tuition fees of up to a maximum of £1,000 (25,193.95 pesos) per annum (yearly or
mannuly) (plus inflation adjustment) were introduced along with the replacement of
maintenance grants with new low interest income contingent loans. At the same time, the
New Labour government made widening participation, among previously
underrepresented groups - such as ethnic minorities, students from lower socio-economic
backgrounds and low participation neighborhoods, one of their key priorities .
The purpose of the study is to get knowledge of how working students manage
their time and learn to appreciate their hard work. The main objective is to know how
they manage their time while working and studying at the same time. This study will
focuses on the experiences of working students and how they managed their time in this
type of situation.This study explored on the struggles and difficulties of students who
study and work part-time job at the same time, that is connected and focuses in the time
management, whether this has affected their studies.This study explored on the
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

WORK VS. STUDY: LIVED EXPERIENCES OF COLLEGE
2
experience of working while studying and the involvement of time management. The
researchers used a qualitative method which utilized an interview in gathering
information about their experienced, work/life/study balance in terms of time
management.
TIME WORK
SCHOOL MANAGE- (PART
(STUDIES)
MENT TIME JOB)
COLLEGE WORKING STUDENTS
Student Perception
Student Experiences
Student Motivations
Student Performance
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

1.2 Conceptual Framework
Specifically,the study sought answers from the questions about how they manage
their time in working while studying and gathering information of the student
perceptions, students experiences, students motivations and their performances. To gather
the informations, qualitative method is used; through interviewing the main respondents,
the College Working Students. In this way, researchers can clearly observe and study the
participants in face-to-face method.
1.3 General Objectives
Working while studying is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon
among students in the education system. Working while studying is not an easy task,

3
especially for full-time students who work for more hours a week. This can be a tough
situation which need balancing of time between studies and work.
The main objective is to describe how they manage their time while working and
studying at the same time. This study will determine the experiences that working student
encountered in their ‘work-study’ life and how they manage their time in their situation.
The purpose of the study is to determine and get knowledge of how working students
manage their time.
1.4 Statement of the Problem
Five research questions were formulated: (1) How can they manage their time while
studying and working? (2) What are the effects of working part-time in their studies?
(3)What are the challenges faced by college students when working while studying and
how do they overcome the problems? (4) What are working students’ perceptions of
working while studying? (5) How do they work under pressure?
1.6 Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will redound to the benefit of society considering that
working teaches students about responsibility and can also reinforce what they are
learning in school.
For the students: To gain more knowledge and ideas on how to balance school and
work, how to manage time effectively as a student and how to be a good working student.
For the parents: To be aware of their child’s hard work and encourage them more. To
be a good influence to their child’s achievement.
For the community: To be aware of their role and work together to influence
development through their impact to the social composition to the student.
For the future researchers: The study can be used as their guide in making research.
To help them to come up with solutions to a certain problem.
1.7 Scope and Limitation
This study focuses on the lived experiences, perceptions and its effects in college
working students. Researchers will interview a college students randomly in Quezon
City. This study will not cover other problems that are not consider as one of the working
student, the other students which do not fall as part of it are not within the scope of this

4
research. The study would be done through face-to-face interview to the students as a
survey. By their answers the researchers will be able to know their lived experiences and
how they manage their time while working and studying.
1.8 Definition of Terms
The following are words used in the study.
1. Working student – a students who is permitted to work while studying, and use
the money earned to pay for their studies and needs.
2. Work study- work study is a program in place in many colleges that lets
students hold part-time jobs while in school in order to subsidize the cost of
education.
3. Part time job- A part-time contract is a form of employment that carries fewer
hours per week than a full-time job. They work in shifts.
4. Time management - the ability to use one's time effectively or productively,
especially at work.

5
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
To explain the overall understanding of the study, this chapter contains an extensive
review of related literature illustrates the wide range of opinions held by educators and
researchers relates to the existing knowledge and previous studies, included all of the
available sources that deal with lived experiences of working students in terms of time
management.
2.1 Foreign Literature
2.1.1 Time management
The reality is that few universities or employers even conceive of their programs
and positions being undertaken simultaneously on a full-time basis. As is evident from
the term “full-time,” full-time studies or full-time work are seen as being about as much
structured activity as a person can handle in conjunction with the requirements of
everyday life. If you opt to do both at once, you are bringing twice the demands and
twice the responsibilities into your life (for a certain amount of time). Just like what Kath
Conolly stated in her article in idealist.com; neither your work nor your school will ever
come to a halt while you navigate the demands they each place on you. In all likelihood,
you will struggle to keep up with the requirements of both (and possibly be told by
people in both places that you are compromising the quality of each). According to Kath
Conolly from idealist, this tug of war can take many forms, from schedule conflicts
during crunch times to an accumulation of tasks that become difficult to balance. For
example, you may have to stay up late several consecutive nights in order to finish a
school assignment by a deadline that just happens to coincide with the day you need to
file a report and present to a new client at work. Even if you have a fair amount of
influence over your work schedule, you can’t control for everything. Perhaps the annual
conference you are supposed to attend for work will fall during your mid-term exams.
Today's college students are less prepared for college-level work than their predecessors.
Once they get to college, they tend to spend fewer hours studying while spending more
hours working, some even full time (D. T. Smart, C. A. Kelley, & J. S. Conant, 1999). In
this study, the authors examined the effect of both time spent studying and time spent

6
working on academic performance. The authors further evaluated the interaction of

motivation and ability with study time and its effect on academic performance. The
results suggested that nonability variables like motivation and study time significantly
interact with ability to influence academic performance. Contrary to popular belief, the
amount of time spent studying or at work had no direct influence on academic
performance. On the other hand, the aim of Shazia asrullah and Muhammad Saqib Khan
(January 2015) research was to determine the relationship between the time
management skills and academic achievement of the students, entitled: The Impact of
Time Management on the Students' Academic Achievements . Though effective and
efficient use of time varies with respect to the tasks performed, the further increase in
the level of knowledge and skills expected from modern employees has further
increased the necessity of time planning. The road to success in social life passes
through effective and efficient working which is only possible via time management.
They showed their field research that has been conducted in the present paper towards
the aim of designating their position with respect to effective time management and
determining the effect of their time management skills on their academic.
According to Rust College, poor time management may be the biggest single
reason for students failing on the college level. For the first time in your life you are
responsible for your own time management. Teachers are no longer around to give you a
handout for each test and provide you with classroom time to study. Parents are not there
either to remind you to get your homework done and to study. How do you go about
getting everything you need done and still have time for a social life? Everyone says this
should be the best time of our life, but things just do not seem to be working out that way.
Researchers do believe that students’ had difficulties in balancing work, life, and social
activities. The competing demands on students’ time arising from the need to support
him/her financially, complete programme requirements, and maintain social activities
outside of work and study can be a challenging task just like what Tania Ang identified in
her present study “Balancing Work and Life among Students”. Craig McInnis and Robyn
Hartley stated that while many employed students have a strong desire to do well and
high levels of commitment to their course, their experience of university life is largely
restricted to going to class and getting the required course work done, often under time

7
pressure. Getting through everything requires good time management skills and high
levels of commitment and motivation. Traditional entry students especially are at risk of
not achieving as well as they could if they are not well organized and not able to maintain
a high level of focus and commitment. Managing time in students case must be effective
and is very important.
According to Uchenna John Obijiaku, after making several interviews (six
interviews) with the international students, the results from the interviews showed that
these international students find time management to be an important tool in their
academic life. It also serves as a tool which allows a student to be fully involved in all
activities equally and taking the responsibility in making sure that the tasks are
accomplished. Sovaritthon Chansaengsee, the author of "Time management for work-
life and study-life balance" states that , to-do-list is popular technique in order to manage
time. It has been widely used by people who have different occupations. Ones who apply
to-do-list as a tool to manage their time will be good time managers. In addition, to
practice meditation is also the best way to develop one’s health and quality of work life.
In November 2013 Jeremy Burrus (ETS) has conducted and disseminated scientific
research to support its products and services, and to advance the measurement and
education fields. In keeping with these goals, ETS is committed to making its research
freely available to the professional community and to the general public. Studies
conducted to examine the efficacy of a new time management intervention designed for
high school students. In both studies, there was no difference between the treatment and
control groups in improvement in self-reported time management skills as a result of the
intervention. For Shiyaun Martynes, setting attainable goals, controlling stress levels,
finding a job that works around your school schedule will help working students in terms
of working while studying. From Anjana Rai (June2016) study she found that only few
student manage their work according to the time but those who manage their work
according to the time their performance is better than other. So we can concluded that
there is a direct positive relation between the time management and academic
performance.
Sovaritthon Chansaengsee, the author of "Time management for work-life and
study-life balance" states that , to-do-list is popular technique in order to manage time. It

8
has been widely used by people who have different occupations. Effective time
management is an essential component of the independent study expected in UK higher
education. Failure to manage time in order to complete and submit assignments and
prepare for assessment can create problems for retention and achievement. In addition,
Kim Shahabudin and Angela Taylor in University of Reading (March 2010); poor time
management can be a major source of stress and anxiety, creating pressure on university
support services including counselling, medical practices and personal tutors. As a result,
research into common issues and effective interventions for time management problems
is especially timely. Researchers do belive that ones who apply to-do-list as a tool to
manage their time will be good time managers just like what Sovarittjon stated. In
addition, to practice meditation is also the best way to develop one’s health and quality of
work life. In CompUniGuide authors noted that students with jobs have little free time.
This predisposes them to become more organised and better planners, learning to weigh
their priorities in order to meet deadlines. Effective time management benefits both your
studies and life after university. In Karim Babayi, Nadinloyi Nasser and Sobhi
Garamaleki study aimed to assess the effectiveness of time management training on
academic time management of students noted that proper time management is key to
success in college. You need to manage time effectively if you’re going to be successful.
Balancing study with a part-time student job. Many students feel that a part-time job will
be to the detriment of their studies. It’s not easy to balance the two and still enjoy a social
life, but a lot of students do manage it. Balancing work and study isn’t always going to be
easy. But, if you are savvy about it, it is certainly manageable – especially if you find
somewhere understanding of your situation. Unsurprisingly, the university is likely to be
your best bet on employers who understand you need time to study too. Isabelle Bilton
just stated the things that her study participants said: Finishing your shift and being too
tired to go do anything fun afterwards, missing out on fun plans your unemployed friends
are making because you have to go to work, spending nights in the library after work, not
being able to afford to wash your uniform every few days, etc. Mostly of her observations
are negative in terms of time managing but she also stated that every student knows that
blissful feeling; the magical moment you check your bank balance and your student loan
has come in. The major point that students should keep in mind is the importance of

9
balance. Dan Crabtree, college and career counselor at Wheaton Academy in Illinois,
explains, “We want our students to establish a healthy balance in life and work to
maintain it throughout their lives.” If working will interfere with completing schoolwork,
participating in extracurricular activities, spending time with family and friends or getting
enough rest, it may not be a wise decision.
2.1.2 Working Student’s Performance
Working while studying may have negative outcomes but it also have positive
outcomes that can be benefits for a student in so many ways. From the authors
Richardson, M; Evans, C & Gbadamosi, G. their findings confirm that students merely
satisfice many aspects of their lives, with time set aside for reading and assignment
preparation being areas that are most likely to suffer in order to allow students to engage
with part-time work . Their study was entitled "The work - study nexus: the challenges
of balancing full time business degree study with a part-time job”. According to Moses
Kwadzo, PhD these students are able to cope with their dual role of studying and
working, they do experience challenges on regular basis. The findings of this study
indicated that these students benefited from the responsibilities that resulted from their
dual role as both students and employees in many ways. However, they also suffered
from emotional and physical stress which resulted in tiredness, lack of sleep, role
conflict, homesickness and frustration. Interestingly, these students effectively employed
different coping mechanisms including finding social support, and participating in leisure
and non leisure activities to off-set the negative effects of studying and working
concurrently.
Antonio Di Paolo and Alessia Matano conducted a investigations about the
effects of working during higher education on students’ academic and labour market
performance. So as a result of their research you can see that the investigation
emphasizes the need of accounting for self-selection based on unobservable traits, in
order to fully appreciate the costs and benefits of combining study and work for students’
outcomes. From the authors Richardson, M; Evans, C & Gbadamosi, G. The findings
confirm that students merely satisfice many aspects of their lives, with time set aside for
reading and assignment preparation being areas that are most likely to suffer in order to
allow students to engage with part-time work . Their study was entitled "The work -

10
study nexus: the challenges of balancing full time business degree study with a part-time
job”. Heidi D’Amato, from her study entitled "College Students and Time Use: Do
Working and Nonworking Students Spend Their Time Differently?" says that: In the
categories of full time students and part time students, the data in shows that working
students fall behind the national average for being full time students by 4.9%.
Nonworking students surpass the national average in this category, and have an 11%
higher average than working students. The differences in the part time students category
show an opposite pattern. There are 4.9% more working students who are part time in
school than the total population average, whereas there are 6.1% less nonworking
students who are part time in school than the total population. Meanwhile, A. VENCES
CYRIL stated that his research titled TIME MANAGEMENT AND ACADEMIC
ACHIEVEMENT OF HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS; from the present
investigation, 19.0% of higher secondary students have high level of time management
and 23.8% of higher secondary students have high level of academic achievement.
Moreover majority of the sample have moderate level of time management and Academic
achievement. This implies that the students might have been exposed to minimum
utilization of time management in their school level. And Second, that there is significant
difference between male and female higher secondary students in their time management.
The 't' test result reveals that female students are better than the male students in their
time management. This may be due to the fact that most of the boys are spending their
time to play, watching.
William L. Walters he stated in his study that the high school student who
participated in a part-time job outside of school hours often did so against the advice of
school officials. Because it can affects in the health of the student. Therefore the results
of this study, he feels that no longer should a part-time job be considered a hindrance to
the school work of those people who participate. “The zero-sum model”. This model was
incorporated by Warren,et al (2007) in his study of the relation between student
employment and academic outcomes. It may be, however,according to Warren, that the
time and energy that students devote to employment can also be considered as a decrease
in time and energy alloted to socialization,television watching,or other less academically

11
beneficial activities. Using time as the measure or basis of the theory,it can be said that it
tends to ignore the conscious and deliberate decision-making process that students(and
perhaps parents) used when deciding whether and how intensively students should work.
New research shows that students are working more and juggling a multitude of
roles, creating anxiety and lowering graduation rates."Ten to fifteen hours per week, on
campus.” According to Laura W. Perna that this is the typical response from faculty
members and administrators who are asked how much undergraduate students should
work at paying jobs while attending college. Quantitative studies consistently show that
retention rates are higher for students who work a modest number of hours per week (ten
to fifteen) than they are for students who do not work at all or those who work more than
fifteen hours per week. But according to him, understanding how employment affects
students’ educational experiences is complicated. According to D'Amato, Heidi. (2015)
with the necessity of having a college degree to participate in today’s society, there is
increased pressure on young people to enroll in college and become fully functioning,
independent members of society. The financial toll that college takes on students has
created a need for students whose parents cannot pay their full tuition or have financial
aid cover the costs to step up to fill the economic gap. This has created two distinct
groups of college students- those who work and those who do not. By analyzing the time
use activities of each group, this research shows that working students spend less time on
most activities. Each hour that a student spends working causes a deduction in time that
they spend on class, homework, and sleeping. The researcher of “Quality of School Life
for Working Students” named Inger Marie Halvorsrud Jaavall. He said that he aim for his
thesis that to contribute knowledge and understanding of the phenomenon quality of
school life for working students by taking the perspective of the students and to know
what kind of work they do. Therefore as a result of his thesis from the use of
questionnaire he sees that some of students answered that they just want to learn new
things and some of them wanted to help their family. Lauren E Watanabe examines
similar variables in order to provide further evidence to the debate regarding the effects
of employment on academic achievement. Therefore it stated that college student
employment did not affect academic achievement. The study did not contribute to either
the positive or negative relationship between working and academic achievement. The

12
researchers of “The effects of doing part‐time jobs on college student academic

performance and social life in a Chinese society” named Hongyu Wang, Miosi Kong,
Wenjing Shan, and Shou Kuan Vong stated that Student employment has been treated as
a homogeneous category in studying the effects of doing part‐time jobs on student
academic performance or social life. So they find that having a part time job exerts no
effect on student academic performance and social life. Researchers do believe that
despite all of this negative opinions and study results of other authers related to the study,
there are also positive. Just like Lyn Robinson, her study is aiming to know the effects of
part-time job in the students. Therefore, the result of the study is that the majority
perceive their jobs very positively because they believe that the experience can help them
to get a job in the future. So the part time job doesn’t have effect on their study , in fact it
can help them to sustain their needs.
2.1.3 Why work?

10 August 2015: New figures published by Endsleigh, which this year celebrates
its 50th anniversary insuring students and young professionals, show that eight out of then
(77%) iuniversity students now work to help fund their studies – compared to just 59%
last year and 57% in 2013. The survey revealed that the majority of students are working
to help pay for accommodation, food and household bills (57%) as well as to earn extra
cash for socializing(56%). In the article entitled: “College costs are high, and young
adults also want the amenities that extra money brings,” by John B. Boshoven, counselor
for continuing education at Community High School in Michigan. However, he warns,
“School is my students’ full-time job.” For some students, especially those in
traditionally underserved populations, taking a job is not a matter of choice, but necessity.
They need to work to save for college or even to supplement family income. Counselors
should help students who have a real need to work improve time-management skills and
seek employment that helps their educational goals.
The question of what prompts students to take on a part-time job while they are
still at school has been investigated in a number of previous research studies, and these
have revealed various overlapping reasons. The wish to earn money was the most widely
cited reason (Bentley & O‟Neil, 1984; Coventry et al, 1984; Hobbs & Grant, 1991;

13
Latty, 1989; Munro, 1989; Nolan & Hagen, 1989). A second and related reason was the
desire for independence - this could be seen as financial independence, although it could
also mean, from a student’s perspective, increased personal autonomy, gained as a result
of spending time away from the normal constraints of family and school. A third reason
for working that was endorsed by students was the longer-term one of acquiring
experience that would help them in the future, particularly in getting a job(Nolan &
Hagen, 1989). Sarah jewell stated that students may also work more in their second year
so they can work less in their final year in her research titled “The Impact of Working
While Studying on Educational and Labour Market Outcomes”. In her findings, which
are similar to Barke et al. and Universities UK , suggest that students tend to work in
their second year, either due to a shortfall in funds or for experience reasons, but cut
back on term-time employment in the final year presumably to concentrate on their
studies. Students may also work more in their second year so they can work less in their
final year. Therefore students appear to be making conscious decisions about how much
and when to work, following rational optimizing behaviour. According to Ralph Hall
Fifty full‐time students in 2006 and 37 in 2009 who were identified through the survey as
working in excess of 10 hours per week were interviewed about their work and study
relationships. Findings are consistent with UK studies showing an increase in part‐time
work by full‐time students. In addition, a steady decrease was found in hours of study
outside normal class time and in time spent in leisure activities. Reasons for working
offered by interviewees were predominantly financial although many reported that
gaining work experience, even in areas not related to their studies, was an important
consideration. While some of the students interviewed felt that the government should
provide more support for full‐time students, the majority thought that the university
should cater more for the needs of working students by providing more online facilities
for assignment submission and communication and more flexible timetables and
submission requirements. In the absence of any likely moves by governments to provide
financial support to students, universities need to recognize the increasing demands
placed on full‐time students by part‐time work and to implement procedures to assist
working students. In the mean time at Scottish, Dr.Janet Lowe and Vernon Gayle stated
that this research entitled: “Exploring the work/life/study balance: The experience of

14
higher education students in a Scottish further education college”, notes that there is no
recorded source of funding for over 50% of part-time higher education students. The
Scottish Executive admits that the evidence base on whether the lack of funding
suppresses demand for part-time higher education or causes students to attempt to study
full-time whilst working full-time is incomplete. Their findings reflect emerging thinking
amongst leaders of higher education institutions who have begun to advocate a change in
government policy in favour of part-time students.
2.2 Local Literature
Filipino youth are considered to be the most valuable treasure of our country.
Young people today are not just learning to get the attention, there are others who need to
work to supply their needs and education. In 2004, according to the World Program of
Action for Youth Implementation in the Philippines, there were 3,408,000 number of
working students in our country. In the past studies; says "while the time spent by the
student in the workplace, the time spent on the study and the social activities is short."
(Fjortoft, 1995) (Turtle, Tina). In order to balance the time, the student takes care and
productivity when he is in class. (Lazarony Lucy). The student also learns to avoid
wasting time (Salama, Samir 2007). The time allocated by a student to employment
affects the student's willingness to complete his or her education. Often, the full - time
working studenttend to stop learning. (Orszag, Jonathan M. 2001). Employment often
changes the student's dreams, especially if the time spent on work (15 hours more). For
example, if at the beginning he wants to complete the study; it is replaced by a mentality
that his present job is acceptable. This is related to the lack of interest in education and
the wrong mentality of education. (Kelly, Karen 1998).
The provided support from government, employer and school our government
has programs for scholarships and student loans but it helps to 1.82 percent of the entire
population of students. (CPAYC, 2005) Student workers aged 15-25 years old in the
Philippines can benefit from SPES or Special Program for Employment of Students by
working private companies and public office on a vacation. The SPES accredited
employers provides 60% of the students' wages and the remaining 40% is responsible for
government tuition and books. Today, 984,840 have benefited from the SPES since 1995.
(Hey, 2008) Today there are laws promoting to be given as effective discounts, poor

15
working students of college, food, transportation, medicine, tuition, miscellaneous,

school supplies, etc. (GMANews, 2008) According to researchers, professors at schools
are often or always supported and adapted to their working students. It conflicts with the
assumption that teachers professors often receive inadequate support for their students.
Students are saying that they receive support from their family and employer. Their
employers are deliberately providing a good schedule in which they can rely on their
studies. Financial support from employers often does not occur. (Mullane, 2003)
Based on the article Balancing School and Work: Helpful Time Management
Tips for Working Students by JobStreet.com, Steeper college fees and economic
uncertainty have given rise to an increasing number of students willing to take on part-
time jobs to support themselves through school. While the ability to work and study at the
same time is an excellent opportunity for most students, part-time jobs can also put your
time management skills to the test. According to Shirley D. Frigillano, Ely S. Ciasico,
Linda M. Nulada financial problem was the main factor that motivated the students to
work on-campus. They experienced varied feelings as happiness, sadness, annoyance,
and worry. Despite work pressure, working students had good time management both for
studies and work, with high self-esteem and good academic performance. The study
concluded that participants’ dual roles in the college as full time student and worker, do
not seem to affect their self-esteem and academic performance, however, there is a need
to consider helping these students, especially on their financial needs for them to finish
their studies.
The researcher of “Level of Academic Performance of the Working Students of
Tomas Claudio Colleges" named Mark Berin, this study is aiming to know the level of
academic performance of the working students of Tomas Claudio. We know that the
workings students are those students who work outside the school and having a school
responsibility too. As a result there is no significant difference on the level of academic
performance of the working students on class participation, task performances and
comprehension. According to Antonio Di Paolo and Alessia Matano working while
studying increases time-to-degree and have a slightly negative impact on grade
performance, except for full-time jobs related to the field of study that exert a positive
effect on high grade achievement. As for labor market outcomes, the probability of being

16
employed 4 years after graduation is significantly higher for students who have worked in
jobs well-matched with the attended field of study. For those who have performed a job
not related to the field of study, the outcome depends on work intensity. Further, the
probability of having a permanent job is positively affected by working while studying,
especially in the case of full-time jobs related to the degree, while early career job-
qualification match is benefited from pre-graduation working experiences only when the
job is related to the field of education
In a researchers proposal established by Bagongon&Edpalina (2009),the
reseacher planned to investigate the possible relationship of study habits and the factors
affecting it to the academic achievements of under graduate education students of Xavier
University-Ateneo de cagayan.They used time management,learning skill, and study
skills as independent variables. The study uses descriptive survey design in its attempt to
determine, describe and analyze relationship between time management,learning
skills,and the dependent variable. From the authors Shirley D. Frigillano*, Ely S. Ciasico,
and Linda M. Nulada from lIloilo Science and Technology University, Miagao Campus,
Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines . The participants’ self-esteem, academic performance, and
time management are not affected by their status as on-campus fulltime students and
working part time from two-fours a day. While working part time, the participants
encountered varied emotions as happiness for earning and being independent; sadness for
being far from home; and annoyance of work pressure. Their ambition to finish their
studies and to be able to work inspired them most. They did not give attention to any
romantic love affair. The researchers of “LIVED EXPERIENCES OF ON-CAMPUS
WORKING STUDENTS” named Shirley D. Frigillano, Ely S. Ciasico, Linda M. Nulada
stated that working while studying is not an easy task, especially for full-time students
who work for more hours a week. It requires a lot of effort. The researchers said that the
students who work while studying that the participants’ self-esteem, academic
performance, and time management are not affected by their status as on-campus fulltime
students and working part time from two or four a days.

17
2.3 Synthesis
To explain the overall understanding of the study, this chapter contains an extensive
review of related literature illustrates the wide range of opinions held by educators and
researchers relates to the existing knowledge and previous studies, included all of the
available sources that deal with lived experiences of working students in terms of time
management. Related studies from foreign literature and local literature consisting mainly
of reviewed journals and thesis. The formal sub-sections for this chapter in foreign
literature are time managemet, working student’s performance and why work?.Based on
the literature, in 2004, according to the World Program of Action for Youth
Implementation in the Philippines, there were 3,408,000 number of working students in
our country. According to Kath Conolly from idealist, this tug of war can take many
forms, from schedule conflicts during crunch times to an accumulation of tasks that
become difficult to balance and Rust College also stated that, poor time management may
be the biggest single reason for students failing on the college level.

18
Chapter 3
The Methodology
This chapter clearly defines the research methods used to conduct the study. To
answer some questions, the most inclusive strategy was to used Survey Questionnaire as
an instrument, to know the results of lived experience of Working students.The study was
conducted at Our Lady of Fatima University, with 20 college student participants.
3.1 Research Design

The study aims to get knowledge and analyze the phenomena of how working
students manage their time. Twenty college working students are the chosen participants.
This descriptive research is a qualitative method that will provide questionnaires and do
interviews to get the reactions, perceptions, and feelings of an working student as she/he
experienced. The choosing of participants will be completely random and anonymous.
3.2 Research Locale

The study will be conducted in unspecified schools around Quezon City. The
respondents will be interviewed in their free time or any comfortable place that the
respondents will choose to.
3.3 Population & Sampling

The participants for this study will be the working students from Our Lady of
Fatima University-Quezon City whose ages range from eighteen and above. They will be
selected through Quota sampling which means that in the population of interest, the
researchers might ask for a sample of college students who are working while studying.
Approximately twenty (20) college students will be selected.
3.4 Research Ethics

The researchers are responsible by protecting the rights and privacy of the
respondent’s information. This study is intended for educational purpose only, and not for

19
any commercial purposes and were highly confidential and secured. The participants
were guarantee in choosing to participate in the survey of their own free will and that
they have been fully informed regarding the procedures of the research project and any
potential risks.
3.5 Instrumentation
The researchers made a survey questionnaire and used it to interview the
respondents to gather needed data for the Working Students.The Researchers made some
Questions to collect the data from respondents about the perspective of the lived
experience of the working students.
3.6 Research Collection

This study used questionnaire and the researchers interviewed the respondents and
gathered the data that used in this study. This questionnaire is distributed randomly
among College working students. It will be completely anonymous.
3.7 Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher will provide the questionnaires to college students because of
their involvement in this study. The handling of questionnaire will be done personally by
the researchers and facilitated by the retrieval of responses. This procedure also enabled
the researcher to conduct interview at the same time consecutively. Twenty copies of the
questionnaire given out were successfully completed and returned. The possibility of
retrieving back all the questionnaire was as a result of the researchers colleagues who
offered a helping hand.
3.7 Data Analysis

In this study, researchers used Giorgi method instrument to analyze and
validate result relies solely on researchers. Researchers surely that the result of our study
is based on are participants. As a theoretical movement that avoids certain reductionist
tendencies sustained by many contemporary approaches to reseachers this study used
Giorgi method, to relates implications of the results rather than the lived meaning of the
participants' experiences.

20
Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
This chapter is dedicated to present, analyze and interpret the findings of this
study. The gathered data are presented in tables for a simple and better understanding,
then analyzed to give light to the specific problems found in chapter one.
4.1 Demographic Profile

Table 1. Gender and Age
Variables N
Percentage
Gender Male 8 40.0
Female 12 60.0
Total 20 100
Age
15 7 35.0
16 5 25.0
17 3 15.0
18 1 5.0
19 3 15.0
1 5.0
Total 20 100

21
1. How can they manage their time while studying and working?
a. How do you balance the time of work and studying?
R1: “Avoiding spending time on other things.”

R2: “Morning for study, Night shift your work.”
R3: “I prioritize important stuff and adjusting my works.”
R4: “I prioritize my studying before work.”
R5: “I was working in the afternoon and I had the morning to study
before work. I do my homework at night.”
R6: “I go to school in morning and work at night.”
R7: “By managing time, careful time allocation.”
R8: “I balance my work and studying by time management because of
time management I can do both.”
R9: “I wake up early to study.”
R10: “By time management. If I have a free time at work I review my
academics.”
R11: “Using a schedule or timeline for my study and my work.”
R12: “There’s no formula in balancing work & studying if you have your
goal, that eagerness to graduate and help your family you will surely get
your goal.”
R13: “In my work, whenever there is a free time, I review for a while.”
R14: “By using a time management. Like in morning I’m working and
after this I’m going to study.”
R15: “I set goals every day.”
R16: “I balance my time on work and studying based in my schedule in
school.”
R17: “If I have a work, I don’t have a study and if I have a study I don’t
have work.”

22
R18: “In the morning I’m studying then after my school I’m going to my
work then, If I have a free time I’ll do my assignments or my things about
on school.”
R19: “I make sure that I have a time management and I strictly obeying
it.”
R20: “Focus on the subject that you’re not good at.”
2. What are the effects of working part-time in their studies?

a. What is the advantages and disadvantages of your work to your studies?
R1: “With my part-time job I experienced a lot of things, a real-life work

experience. But it’s also sometimes a burden to my studies.”
R2: “The advantage is I can cover my living cost and course expenses.
The disadvantage is I worry a lot of things whenever when I need a lot of
time doing home works.”
R3: “The advantages of having a part-time job is getting money. The
disadvantage is that I have to adjust some things to do school works and
part-time job at the same time.”
R4: “It’s stressful but worth it.”
R5: “Advantage: Having own money.
Disadvantage: Distraction from the study.”
R6: “The advantages is that I can help support my family to our financial
needs. Disadvantages is that time management and stress from school and
work commitment may be hard to handle at the same time.”
R7: “It makes time for study less.”
R8: “The advantage of being working student is I have my working
experience in my teenage life. The disadvantage of being working students
is lack of sleep, and lack of time with my family.”
R9: “It’s hassle sometimes and the advantage of it is that I have my own
money for my extra expenses.”

23
R10: “The advantage is you can financially support your studies and the
disadvantages are you always tired and sometimes doesn’t have time to
study.”
R11: “The advantage is, how I keep my time and how to maintain it
properly. Disadvantage, sometimes I didn’t participate because of my
time.”
R12: “Advantage: My part job is actually related to my course, it helps me
familiarize the different medications in the PH.
Disadvantage: I don’t get enough much time to review and hangout with
my family.”
R13: “Advantage: I have extra allowance from the salary.
Disadvantage: Super stress in acads, so many subjects to review for.
R14: “Advantage, it helps for my needs and how to handle my time.
Disadvantage, sometimes it’s difficult to manage my time and also I’m
sleepless.”
R15: “I get so tired of school but I can help my parents to lessen their
expenses.”
R16: “My advantages is I can get a lot of experience from my work. I can
apply it to my study and the other is there is haven’t understanding about
expenses.”
R17: “It helps to my parents for my tuition and how to be a independent
person. And the disadvantage is it’s too hard to manage my time because
of the hectic schedule.”
R18: “For me, the advantage is I can buy my needs and it helps to be a
independent. Then disadvantage is hectic or hassle schedule.”
R19: “One of the advantage is it helps me in terms of financial problems,
and the disadvantage is I’m not performing well in terms of academic
activities.”
R20: “Advantage: You will have knowledge and experience from it.
Disadvantage: It will took your time in studies.”

24
3. What are the challenges faced by college students when working while studying
and how do they overcome the problems?
a. What are some struggles on school works that you encountered when you are
at work?
R1: “Have a pile of school works and you need settle before the week ends.”
R2: “On the moment of march, school works are heavy and I have to please
my boss (owner of the company) to allow me readjust my schedule.”
R3: “I’m not always present in participating in extracurricular activities
because I have to go to work.”
R4: “There’s a time where I need to finish my thesis but I’m on duty so I
ended up finishing it while I’m free at work.”
R5: “Whenever we’re having a practice for some activities but I am not every
time available I always overuse the statement “Hindi ako pwede, may work
ako e” to my classmates.
R6: “Deadlines. The need of review for examinations.”
R7: “Time availability and availability of resource materials like references
(books).”
R8: “One of my struggle is schools is I have to do my thesis and feasib and
have my duty in midnight.”
R9: “When I need to finish my project but I’m on my job.”
R10: “Sometimes when there is a submission of project, I submit late and
always asking for prof’s permission.”
R11: “Practices, early submission, change time of my/our schedule, and so
on.”
R12: “Deadlines, that the number struggles I faced, quizzes & reporting
follows.”
R13: “Sleepy.”
R14: “I don’t have assignments and sometimes it’s difficult to participate
specially on practices.”

25
R15: “Yesterday, I didn’t sleep at all to do my home works even I’m so tired
from work.”
R16: “I encountered on my school work when I’m at work is if there’s have

many assignments, projects and practices and my only time to do that is after
my work, and to take a rest. I need to do my school work first.”
R17: “A lot of paper works and sometimes we have a practice when I’m on
my work. And also I’m sleepless.”
R18: “Struggles that I encountered when I’m on my work is when my prof
call us or change our schedule for difference reasons and so on.”
R19: “I don’t get that high grade that I want when I’m focusing on my work.”
R20: “Mind set of school works and all requirements.”
4. What are working student’s perception of working while studying?

a. What are the suggestions and recommendations can you give for students who
are working while studying?
R1: “Stress is avoidable, so learn to manage stress.”

R2: “Just do your best and don’t give up! You must work your time well.”
R3: “Organize your time so that your priorities don’t suffer.”
R4: “Be organized.”
R5: “If you ever do find that you’re working too much, talk to your manager
& ask whether it’s possible to reduce your hours.”
R6: “Working is necessary for wants & needs.”
R7: “Careful prioritization and time management.”
R8: “Don’t pressure yourself in everything. If you’re tired learn to rest, not to
quit.”
R9: “Set your to do list every day.”

26
R10: “You should have a great time management. If you have a vacant always
do your school works so you can pass on time. Also, always think that it’s for
your future.”
R11: “Keep yourself calm, prepare your assignments or what if you have a
free time and be patience.”
R12: “Choose your schedule where you can have your part-time job.”
R13: “Use your time wisely. Avoid using social media every day.”
R14: “Fight for our dreams, be patience, don’t anticipate.”
R15: “Let your health be your priority.”
R16: “My suggestion to those people who are working students is don’t give
up and always think the good side why you do sacrifice to motivate you to
become successful and studying always is the first choice.”
R17: “Don’t give up, for your dreams nothing is impossible. FIGHTING.”
R18: “Be strong, keep fighting because our graduation is waiting. And also
follow your dreams until you succeed.”
R19: “It’s not that easy when you need to balance both.”
R20: “TIME MANAGEMENT. Focus on the major subjects and don’t stress
yourself in minor subjects.”
5. How do they work under pressure?

a. How well do you manage your time between working and studying?
R1: “I organize my plans and marking all school & work deadlines in my
calendar.”
R2: “I can able to manage my time well and do my things according to my
plan.”
R3: “Wee enough to do my study and work effectively.”
R4: “I always make sure that I finished my school works before working.:
R5: “I plan my time effectively. I always check my time table and ensure my
shifts don’t clash with my studies.”

27
R6: “I usually finish my school works first before I’m going to work.”
R7: “Not so good, still adjusting.”
R8: “I keep myself calm and concentrate in one situation to do the task.”
R9: “I review in the morning, go to school at the afternoon and then work at
night.”
R10: “When I’m tired it’s hard to manage my time but you should be
consistent and motivated.
R11: “I’ll keep my time or schedule properly.”
R12: “I do not manage it well.”
R13: “At night, if there’s free time, you must review your lessons. Prioritize
your academics, but don’t disregard your work.”
R14: “I use a schedule for my work and study to make easy what I did.”
R15: “I only do my home works at home and only work during work hours.”
R16: “Have a free time in or between week at night or morning. I will review
all my acads to priority them.”
R17: “Time schedule, list your all activities, task and the date of schedules.”
R18: “I have a personal schedule and it separated to the schedule of my work
and to my study. To see if I have a free time I’ll do what I want.”
R19: “I organize everything and I set my priorities in everything that I’m
doing.”
R20: “Sometimes, I don’t manage my time wisely.”
In analysing the interview data, two themes emerged which will be discussed in
this section. These themes were:
Table 2. Theme Emerged
THEME EMERGED SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT

28
1. EFFECTIVE TIME “Avoiding spending time on other things.”

MANAGEMENT (R1:1)
“Morning for study, Night shift your

work.” (R2:1)
“I was working in the afternoon and I had

the morning to study.” (R5:1)
“I go to school in morning and work at

night.” (R6:1)
“By managing time, careful time

allocation.” (R7:1)
“I balance my work and studying by time

management because of time management
I can do both.” (R8:1)
“I wake up early to study.” (R9:1)
“By time management. If I have a free

time at work I review my academics.”
(R10:1)
“Using a schedule or timeline for my study

and my work.” (R11:1)
“In my work, whenever there is a free

time, I review for a while.” (R13:1)
“By using a time management. Like in

morning I’m working and after this I’m
going to study.” (R14:1)
“I balance my time on work and studying

based in my schedule in school.” (R16:1)
“In the morning I’m studying then after my

school I’m going to my work then, If I
have a free time I’ll do my assignments or
my things about on school.” (R18:1)
“I make sure that I have a time

management and I strictly obeying it.”
(R19:1)

29
PRIORITIZE THINGS “I prioritize important stuff and adjusting

my works.” (R3:1)
“I prioritize my studying before work.”

(R4:1)
“Focus on the subject that you’re not good

at.” (R20:1)
GOALS “There’s no formula in balancing work &

studying if you have your goal, that
eagerness to graduate and help your family
you will surely get your goal.” (R12:1)
“I set goals every day.” (R15:1)
MOTIVATION “If I have a work, I don’t have a study and

if I have a study I don’t have work.”
(R17:1)

30
2. ADVANTAGES “The advantage is I can cover my living

cost and course expenses.” (R2:2)
“The advantages of having a part-time job

is getting money.” (R3:2)
“Advantage: Having own money.” (R5:2)
“The advantages is that I can help support

my family to our financial needs.” (R6:2)
“The advantage of being working student

is I have my working experience in my
teenage life.” (R8:2)
“The advantage of it is that I have my own

money for my extra expenses.” (R9:2)
“The advantage is you can financially

support your studies.” (R10:2)
“The advantage is, how I keep my time

and how to maintain it properly.” (R11:2)
“Advantage: My part job is actually

related to my course, it helps me
familiarize the different medications in the
PH.” (R12:2)
“Advantage: I have extra allowance from

the salary.” (R13:2)
“Advantage, it helps for my needs and

how to handle my time.” (R14:2)
“but I can help my parents to lessen their

expenses.” (R15:2)
“My advantages is I can get a lot of

experience from my work. I can apply it to
my study.” (R16:2)
“It helps to my parents for my tuition and

how to be a independent person.” (R17:2)
“For me, the advantage is I can buy my

31
needs and it helps to be a independent.”

(R18:2)
“One of the advantage is it helps me in

terms of financial problems.” (R19:2)
“Advantage: You will have knowledge

and experience from it.” (R20:2)
DISADVANTAGES “With my part-time job I experienced a lot

of things, a real-life work experience. But
it’s also sometimes a burden to my
studies.” (R1:2)
“The disadvantage is I worry a lot of

things whenever when I need a lot of time
doing home works.” (R2:2)
The disadvantage is that I have to adjust

some things to do school works and part-
time job at the same time.” (R3:2)
“It’s stressful but worth it.” (R4:2)
Disadvantage: Distraction from the study.”

(R5:2)
“Disadvantages is that time management

and stress from school and work

32
commitment may be hard to handle at the

same time.” (R6:2)
“It makes time for study less.” (R7:2)
“The disadvantage of being working

students is lack of sleep, and lack of time
with my family.” (R8:2)
“It’s hassle sometimes.” (R9:2)
“The disadvantages are you always tired

and sometimes doesn’t have time to
study.” (R10:2)
“Disadvantage, sometimes I didn’t

participate because of my time.” (R11:2)
“I don’t get enough much time to review

and hangout with my family.” (R12:2)
“Disadvantage: Super stress in acads, so

many subjects to review for.” (R13:2)
Disadvantage, sometimes it’s difficult to

manage my time and also I’m sleepless.”
(R14:2)
“I get so tired of school (R15:2)
“And the other is there is haven’t

understanding about expenses.” (R16:2)
“And the disadvantage is it’s too hard to

manage my time because of the hectic
schedule.” (R17:2)
“Then disadvantage is hectic or hassle

schedule.” (R18:2)
”And the disadvantage is I’m not

performing well in terms of academic
activities.” (R19:2)
“Disadvantage: It will took your time in

33
studies.” (R20:2)
3. STRUGGLES IN STUDYING “Have a pile of school works and you need

WHILE WORKING settle before the week ends.” (R1:3)
“On the moment of march, school works

are heavy and I have to please my boss
(owner of the company) to allow me
readjust my schedule.” (R2:3)
“There’s a time where I need to finish my

thesis but I’m on duty so I ended up
finishing it while I’m free at work.” (R4:3)
“Deadlines. The need of review for

examinations.” (R6:3)
“Time availability and availability of
resource materials like references
(books).” (R7:3)
“One of my struggle is schools is I have to

do my thesis and feasib and have my duty
in midnight.” (R8:3)
“When I need to finish my project but I’m

on my job.” (R9:3)
“Sometimes when there is a submission of

project, I submit late and always asking for
prof’s permission.” (R10:3)
“Practices, early submission, change time

of my/our schedule, and so on.” (R11:3)
“Deadlines, that the number struggles I

faced, quizzes & reporting follows.”
(R12:3)
“Sleepy.” (R13:3)
“I don’t have assignments and sometimes

it’s difficult to participate specially on
practices.” (R14:3)

34
“Yesterday, I didn’t sleep at all to do my

home works even I’m so tired from work.”
(R15:3)
“I encountered on my school work when

I’m at work is if there’s have many
assignments, projects and practices and my
only time to do that is after my work, and
to take a rest. I need to do my school work
first.” (R16:3)
“A lot of paper works and sometimes we
have a practice when I’m on my work.
And also I’m sleepless.” (R17:3)
“Struggles that I encountered when I’m on

my work is when my prof call us or change
our schedule for difference reasons and so
on.” (R18:3)
“I don’t get that high grade that I want

when I’m focusing on my work.” (R19:3)
POOR TIME MANAGEMENT “I’m not always present in participating in

extracurricular activities because I have to
go to work.” (R3:3)
“Whenever we’re having a practice for

some activities but I am not every time
available I always overuse the statement
“Hindi ako pwede, may work ako e” to my
classmates. (R5:3)
ADVICE “Mind set of school works and all

requirements.” (R20:3)
4. MOTIVATION “Don’t give up, for your dreams nothing is

impossible. FIGHTING.” (R17:4)
“Be strong, keep fighting because our

graduation is waiting. And also follow
your dreams until you succeed.” (R18:4)
“Stress is avoidable, so learn to manage

35
stress.” (R1:4)
“Don’t pressure yourself in everything. If

you’re tired learn to rest, not to quit.”
(R8:4)
EFFECTIVE TIME MANAGEMENT “Just do your best and don’t give up! You
must work your time well.” (R2:4)
“Careful prioritization and time

management.” (R7:4)
“Set your to do list every day.” (R9:4)
“You should have a great time

management. If you have a vacant always
do your school works so you can pass on
time. Also, always think that it’s for your
future.” (R10:4)
“It’s not that easy when you need to

POOR TIME MANAGEMENT balance both.” (R19:4)
ORGANIZING THINGS WELL “Organize your time so that your priorities

don’t suffer.” (R3:4)
“Be organized.” (R4:4)
“If you ever do find that you’re working

too much, talk to your manager & ask
whether it’s possible to reduce your
hours.” (R5:4)
“Let your health be your priority.” (R15:4)

ADVICE “Working is necessary for wants & needs.”
(R6:4)
“Keep yourself calm, prepare your

assignments or what if you have a free
time and be patience.” (R11:4)
“Choose your schedule where you can
have your part-time job.” (R12:4)
“Use your time wisely. Avoid using social

media every day.” (R13:4)

36
“Fight for our dreams, be patience, don’t

anticipate.” (R14:4)
“My suggestion to those people who are

working students is don’t give up and
always think the good side why you do
sacrifice to motivate you to become
successful and studying always is the first
choice.” (R16:4)
“TIME MANAGEMENT. Focus on the

major subjects and don’t stress yourself in
minor subjects.” (R20:4)
5. EFFECTIVE TIME “I organize my plans and marking all

MANAGEMENT school & work deadlines in my calendar.”
(R1:5)
“I can able to manage my time well and do

my things according to my plan.” (R2:5)
“We enough to do my study and work

effectively.” (R3:5)
“I always make sure that I finished my

school works before working. (R4:5)
“I plan my time effectively. I always check

my time table and ensure my shifts don’t
clash with my studies.” (R5:5)
“I usually finish my school works first

before I’m going to work.” (R6:5)
“I review in the morning, go to school at

the afternoon and then work at night.”
(R9:5)
“I’ll keep my time or schedule properly.”

(R11:5)
“At night, if there’s free time, you must

review your lessons. Prioritize your

37
academics, but don’t disregard your work.”

(R13:5)
“I use a schedule for my work and study to

make easy what I did.” (R14:5)
“I only do my home works at home and

only work during work hours.” (R15:5)
“Have a free time in or between week at

night or morning. I will review all my
acads to priority them.” (R16:5)
“Time schedule, list your all activities, task

and the date of schedules.” (R17:5)
“I have a personal schedule and it

separated to the schedule of my work and
to my study. To see if I have a free time
I’ll do what I want.” (R18:5)
“I organize everything and I set my

priorities in everything that I’m doing.”
(R19:5)
POOR TIME MANAGEMENT “Not so good, still adjusting.” (R7:5)
“When I’m tired it’s hard to manage my

time but you should be consistent and
motivated. (R10:5)
“I do not manage it well.” (R12:5)
“Sometimes, I don’t manage my time

wisely.” (R20:5)
MOTIVATION “I keep myself calm and concentrate in one

situation to do the task.” (R8:5)

38
Chapter 5
Discussion
5.1 Discussion
In this study, the researchers examined the effect of both time spent studying and
time spent working on academic performance. The researchers further evaluated the
interaction of motivation and ability with study time and its effect on academic
performance. The results suggested that less in ability variables like motivation and study
time significantly interact with ability to influence academic performance. Contrary to
popular belief, the amount of time spent studying or at work had no direct influence on
academic performance. Therefore college working students prioritized their studies even
though they have work. The respondents in this study also stated their intentions why
work while studying; it’s because the wish to earn money was the most widely cited
reason (Bentley & O‟Neil, 1984; Coventry et al, 1984; Hobbs & Grant, 1991; Latty,
1989; Munro, 1989; Nolan & Hagen, 1989). The majority of studies indicate that for this
group, part time job has financial benefits that researchers do believed that they need to
work to save for college or even to supplement family income and that students tend to
work, either due to a shortfall in funds or for experience reasons. A second and related
reason for working that was endorsed by students was the longer-term one of acquiring
experience that would help them in the future, particularly in getting a job(Nolan &
Hagen, 1989).In this study, the in-depth interviews revealed that college working students
have goals in lives. They also recommend setting a time management schedule to avoid
more struggles and to keep the balance of their time. One of our participant just said;
“Mange your time and pursue your dreams to come true”.

39
For
financial
support Work
Academic
experienc
purpose
e
The Lack of
Know Experiences of
your time
working
goals students in
terms of time
manangement
Balance Stress
your time
Arrange Poor
your time
plans manage
ment.
Figure 2.
5.2 Conclusion
The researcher conducted the answers to the objectives of the study. From the 20
respondents most of them stated that they balanced their time effectively through
managing their time allocation and using timeline for their study and work. According to
the respondents the advantages of having a part-time job is that they earned money to

40
support their needs/expenses. The disadvantages are; they are being stressed because of
having lack of time to do the things they needed to do. In most of the respondents, the
main reason of their struggles in having a work while studying is the requirements and
projects they needed to pass but they don't have enough time to do it alone because of
their work. Respondents gave suggestions and recommendation to their fellow working
students to "Don't give up on your dreams”, “stress is avoidable, so learn to manage
stress". They also suggest to "Be strong, keep fighting because your graduation is
waiting" and Use your time wisely.
5.3 Recommendations
Our research gathered enough results for this study, but researchers recommend
for the future researchers to add more questions that will be widen the study and collect
more perceptions from the participants. Also the participants are limited and the study
choose college working students to be the participant, future researchers can include
senior high school working student for more rapid numbers of finding an specific
participants. This study was made with a large amount of time, future researchers must
have teamwork and cooperation in making this study to be properly done earlier.
5.3 Acknowledgements
The researchers would like to thank the following persons who helped in
achieving this research. This research would not be possible without their help.
First, the researchers would like to express deepest gratitude to their professor,
Mr. , for guiding the researchers throughout the entire research study period. Researchers
owe enormous intellectual debt towards him as his suggestions, guidance and letting us
experience the oppurunity to do this study were invaluable and helped researchers
throughout our project.
Second, to the participants, the college working students, who answered the
questionnaires provided and participated in their study whole-heartedly. Without their
assistance and dedicated involvement in every step throughout the process, this paper would
have never been accomplished. I would like to thank you very much for your support and
understanding.

41
Third, to Mr. Jason Ray M. Barlaan and Ms. Arbie Diane A. Flores, who had been
approachable and informative in giving suggestions for their study. Their undying
concern also served as a motivation and strength to the researchers.
Nobody has been more important to them in the pursuit of this study than the
members their family. Researchers would like to thank their parents, whose love and
guidance are with them in whatever they pursue. They are the ultimate role models.
And lastly, to Almighty God, who have empowered the wisdom, knowledge, and
strength that they needed. Specifically, in times that the researchers felt that they couldn’t
make it. The researchers exalt His name because through His guidance, they are able to
successfully finish their research.
Most of all, to our Almighty God, for giving His endless blessings, knowledge
and strength to make this study possible.

42
Reference
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12121526
Magdalena,R.(2014,November) The Impact of Student’s part-time work on education outcomes. Retrieved
from https://ww.iser.essex.ac.uk
Collins English Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers

work-study. (n.d.). Retrieved February 26th, 2019, from https://www.yourdictionary.com/work-study
Wikipedia. Retrieved November 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part-time_contract
Wikipedia. Retrieved March 2014, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_management

Mose. K (2014) International Students’ Experience of Studying and Working at a Northeastern Public
University in the US. https://files.eric.ed.gov
Amato, H. (2015, May 12) College Students and Time Use: Do Working and Nonworking Students Spend
Their Time Differently? Retrieved from https://vc.bridgew.edu
Obijiaku, U.J (2015) Effective Time Management for Haaga-Helia UAS International Students Porvoo
Campus . Retrieved from https://www.theseus.fi
Nonis. S.A, Hudson, G.I (2010, August 7) Academic Performance of College Students: Influence of Time
Spent Studying and Working. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com
Love,J. Gayle, V. (2007,July 17) Exploring the work/life/study balance: the experience of higher education
students in a Scottish further education college. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com
Mclnnis, C., Hartley, R.(2002) Managing Study and Work The impact of full-time study and paid work on
the undergraduate experience in Australian universities.Retrieved by http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu
Roe.R.A (2007, February)A Review of Time Management Literature. https://www.researchgate.net
Khan, M.S. (2015, January)The Impact of Time Management on the Students' Academic Achievements.
Retrieved by https://www.researchgate.net/publication_
Rai,A. (2016, June)A Study of Impact of Time Management on Academic Performance of Students
Studying in School. Retrieved by https://www.worldwidejournals.com

43
Burrus, J. Jackson,T. (2013, November)Examining the Efficacy of a Time Management Intervention for
High School Students. Retrieved by https://www.ets.org
Shahabudin, K. Taylor, A. (2010, March) Managing time at university: a learning development perspective
on issues and effective interventions . Retrieved by http://archive.learnhigher.ac.uk
Santiago, V. (2010, March) time management and science achievement. Retrieved by

http://www.academia.edu
Marpa, E. (2014, January)CORRELATION AMONG TIME MANAGEMENT, STUDY HABITS AND

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE MATH MAJOR STUDENTS. Retrieved by
https://www.researchgate.net
Laguado, J.M. Agena, E.M. (2013, July) Time Management and Teaching Performance among Maritime
and Engineering Faculty Members: Basis for an Intervention Plan. Retrieved by
http://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph
Arceo, C.A. Dunca, M.D.(2013, December 7) FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF THE WORKING STUDENTS IN POLYTHECNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS S.Y 2013-2014. Retrieved by https://www.bartleby.com
Claessens, B.J.(2007,February) A Review of Time Management Literature. Retrieved by

https://www.researchgate.net
Khan, M. S. (2015, January)The Impact of Time Management on the Students' Academic Achievements.
Retrieved by https://www.researchgate.net
Laguador, J.M.(2013, July)Time Management and Teaching Performance among Maritime and
Engineering Faculty Members: Basis for an Intervention Plan . Retrieved by
http://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph
Nadinloyi, K.B. Hajloo, N. (2013, July 9)The Study Efficacy of Time Management Training on Increase
Academic Time Management of Students. Retrieved by https://www.sciencedirect.com
Arceo,C.A. Dunca, M.D. (2013, December 17)FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF THE WORKING STUDENTS IN POLYTHECNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS S.Y 2013-2014. Retrieved by https://www.bartleby.com
Jobestreet (2016, June 1) Balancing School and Work: Helpful Time Management Tips for Working
Students. Retrieved by https://www.jobstreet.com.ph
Femando,R.(2018, August 20) Life of Filipino Teenager as Working Student. Retrieved by

https://lookupgrade.com
Colemn, D. (2015) Students & Part-Time Work. Retrieved by

https://professionals.collegeboard.org/guidance/prepare/work
Hardie, H.(2015, August 10) 77% of students now work to fund studies. Retrieved by
https://www.endsleigh.co.uk/press-releases/10-august-2015/
[email protected] (2017)10 Time Management Tips for Students. Retrieved by

https://www.cmich.edu/global

44
Campbell, R.(2017, April 20)Time Management Tips for Students. Retrieved by
https://www.topuniversities.com
Frederick,R.J.(2015)Time A College Student’s Biggest Dilemma: Are You Using Your Time Wisely?.
Rtrieved by https://lookupgrade.com
Frederick,R.J.(2015)Time Management and the College Student. Retrieved by

http://www.rustcollege.edu/businessdivision/Time_Management.pdf
Colman, D. (2017)Finding a balance. Retrieved by

https://professionals.collegeboard.org/guidance/prepare/work
Faizuddin,A. (2017, March 26) The Experiences of Working While Studying: A Case Study of
Postgraduate Students at International. Retrieved by https://www.academia.edu
Frigillano,S. (2015, October 23) Lived Experiences of On-Campus Working Students. Retrieved by
https://www.academia.edu
Lowe,J.(2007, July 17)Exploring the work/life/study balance: the experience of higher education students
in a Scottish further education college. Retrieved by https://www.tandfonline.com
Arellano (2013, May 15) REPUBLIC ACT No. 10533. Retrieved by https://lawphil.net/statutes
Magdalena, R. (2014, November) The impact of students' part-time work on educational outcomes.
Retrieved by https://www.iser.essex.ac.uk
Perna,L.W. (2010,August)Understanding the Working College Student. Retrieved by

https://www.aaup.org
Oliver,C. (2017)Student Jobs – Working Part-Time. Retrieved by

https://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk
Mizuki,A. (2018) Working Full-Time and Studying Full-Time: Is It Possible? Retrieved by

http://idealistgradschool.org
Castro, C. (2008) Buhay Eskwela: Aral sa Loob, Trabaho sa Labas https://www.academia.edu
Berin, M. (2010) "Level of Academic Performance of the Working Students of Tomas Claudio Colleges".
Retrieved by https://www.academia.edu
Di Paolo,A. Matano, A. (2016,May) The Impact of Working while Studying on the Academic and Labour
Market Performance of Graduates: the Joint Role of Work Intensity and JobField Match. Retrieved by
https://www.aiel.it
Jaavall,I.H. (2007)Quality of school life for working students : a study conducted among working students
of 8th grade in a primary school in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Retrieved by https://www.duo.uio.no
Watanable,L.E.(2005, March 17) The Effects of College Student Employment on Academic Achievement.
Retrieved by https://www.urj.ucf.edu

45
Wang,H. Kong,M. (2010, February)The effects of doing part‐time jobs on college student academic
performance and social life in a Chinese society. Retrieved by https://www.researchgate.net
Robinson,L. (1999, March 1) The effects of part-time work on school students. Retrieved by
https://research.acer.edu.au
Walters, W.L. (1948, June) A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PART-TIME AND NOIF'NOPJGNG

STUDENTS AT LOUISVILLE MALE HIGH SCHOOL. Retieved by https://ir.library.louisville.edu

Jara

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Jara

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Jara

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WORK VS.

STUDY: LIVED EXPERIENCES OF COLLEGE

Working while studying is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

COLLEGE WORKING STUDENTS

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

1.6 Significance of the Study

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

working on academic performance. The authors further evaluated the interaction of

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

researchers of “The effects of doing part‐time jobs on college student academic

2.1.3 Why work?

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

working students of college, food, transportation, medicine, tuition, miscellaneous,

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Research Locale

3.3 Population & Sampling

3.4 Research Ethics

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

3.6 Research Collection

3.7 Data Gathering Procedure

3.7 Data Analysis

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

4.1 Demographic Profile

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

R1: “Avoiding spending time on other things.”

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

2. What are the effects of working part-time in their studies?

R1: “With my part-time job I experienced a lot of things, a real-life work

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

R16: “I encountered on my school work when I’m at work is if there’s have

4. What are working student’s perception of working while studying?

R1: “Stress is avoidable, so learn to manage stress.”

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

5. How do they work under pressure?

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Table 2. Theme Emerged

THEME EMERGED SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

1. EFFECTIVE TIME “Avoiding spending time on other things.”

“Morning for study, Night shift your

“I was working in the afternoon and I had

“I go to school in morning and work at

“By managing time, careful time