Ancient Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Civilization
• During the GOLDEN AGE of Greece (461-429 B.C.), the great statesman
PERICLES guided Athenian policy.
• Advancements in culture, thinking, literature, philosophy, wealth,
expansion of trade
• Reliance on slaves and women opened up free time for men to discuss
philosophy and participate in politics.
• Provided a new start for the lower classes by CANCELING DEBTS.
• Sought FULL EMPLOYMENT by stimulating trade and industry and
requiring fathers to teach their sons a trade
• Granted common people POLITICAL RIGHTS but not equality.
Government of SPARTA
The Doric style is rather The Ionic style is thinner and The Corinthian style is
sturdy and its top(the more elegant. Its capital is seldom used in the Greek
capital), is plain. This style decorated with a scroll like world, but often seen on
was used in mainland design(a volute).This style Roman temples. Its capital is
greece and the colonies in was found in eastem Greece very elaborate and
southern Italy and Sicily. and the islads. decorated with acanthus
leaves.
Parts of Greek temple
Cornice – horizontal corona
– all round
Primary function - clear line
along the upper perimeter
of building.
10 columns
» Octastyle peripteral -
U shaped -5
4 Ionic
9’ wide
Octastyle, Perpiteral
•Smooth contact
between two blocks
centre
•rough- fitted iron,
bronze clamps.
•Column drums – metal
dowels
•Metopes -92 almost
square.
•14 on each front
•32 on each side
•Each depict 2 figures in
combat
•High relief.
Town Planning – Hippodomas
• The POLIS(city-state) consisted of a city and its
surrounding plains and valleys.
• The nucleus of the Polis was elevated, fortified site
called ACROPOLIS, where people could take refuge
from attack.
• With the revival of commerce, a TRADING CENTRE
developed below the Acropolis.
Temple Agora
Civic Architecture
Prytaneum – inner council – Banqueting hall
Bouleuterion – Advisory committee
Assembly Hall – general use
Agora
town square, political, business, social life,
open air public space
Odeion – Musicals
Stadium – foot race- Olympia – 50,000
spectators
Hippodrome – Horse, chariot racing
Telesterion – hall of mysteries, magic
Stoa
roofed promenade, monumental appearance
150M length
• The stoa
a long colonnaded building
used around public places & as
shelters at religious shrines.
• The prytaneion
served as senate house for
the chief dignitaries of the city.
it had official banqueting hall ,
also a symbolic communal
hearth on which a fire burnt .
• The bouleterion(council
house)
was meeting place for
democratically elected
councils. they were
generally rectangular with
banked seats facing inwards
on 3 sides.
• Assembly halls
for citizens in general,
were similar to the council
halls but needed to be larger,
very generally covered.
•Odeion :
a kinder type of theatre where
musicians performed their works for the
approval of the public & competed for
the prizes
•The stadium:
was the foot race-course in cities
where games were celebrated seats
were made on convenient natural
ground. Oldest stadium in greece is in
olympia.
• Sports – Physical training- Gyms,
• Olympic Games – Zeus temple at Olympia
• Prize – olive wreath – gifts of gold, food.
• Runners, wrestlers, boxers.
• Marathon
Theatre at Epidaraus
• Designed by Polycleitos
• Geometrical exactitude of
layout was done by
variations & adjustments
considering the human
requirements.
• Constructed in 350 B.C
Had five essential features