I. Module 1 National Service Training Program - Section 38.

Reserve Officers' Training Corps

(NSTP) and the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng (ROTC). – Military training for students
Maynila (PLM): An Introduction enrolled in colleges, universities and similar
A. Laws and Issuances Leading to the institutions of learning is mandatory pursuant
Development of the NSTP to the provisions of the National Defense Act
1. Commonwealth Act No. 1 “The National and the 1987 Constitution.
Defense Act” 5. REPUBLIC ACT No. 9163
- Passed by the Philippine National Assembly National Service Training Program (NSTP)
on December 21, 1935 Act of 2001
- One of the National Defense Policy of the - Declaration of Policy
Philippines is that, “The preservation of the - It is hereby affirmed that the prime duty of
State is the obligation of every citizen. The the government to serve and protect its
security of the Philippines and the freedom, citizens. In turn, it shall be the responsibility
independence, and perpetual neutrality of of all citizens to defend security of the state
the Philippine Republic shall be guaranteed and in fulfillment thereof, the government
by the employment of all citizens, without may require each citizen to render personal,
distinction of age or sex, and all resources.” military or civil service.
- ARTICLE VII - PREPARATORY - Article II, Sec. 4 of the Phil. Constitution
MILITARY TRAINING (Declaration of Principles)
- To develop the national spirit; - Recognizing the youth’s vital role in nation
- to make the youth physically strong; building, the state shall promote civic
- to make the youth morally confident, consciousness among the youth and shall
- to prepare the youth for military service. develop their physical, moral, spiritual,
- Sec. 51. All Filipinos are liable to military intellectual and social well being. It shall
service. inculcate in the youth patriotism,
- Sec. 82. Preparatory military training is nationalism, and advance their involvement
compulsory upon the youth attending school on public and civic affairs.
and upon others when they shall become - Article II, Sec. 13 of the Phil. Constitution
eighteen years of age. (Declaration of State Policies)
2. Executive Order No. 59 s., 1967 - In pursuit of these goals, the youth, the most
REQUIRING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF valuable resource of the nation, shall be
ROTC UNITS IN COLLEGES AND motivated, trained, organized and mobilized
UNIVERSITIES. in military training, literacy, civic welfare
- All colleges and universities having an and other similar endeavors in the service of
enrollment of at least two hundred fifty male the nation
students, shall include a course of military Definition of Terms
instruction commonly known as ROTC  National Service Training Program (NSTP) –
Course as a compulsory portion of their a program aimed at enhancing civic
respective curricula for all physically fit male consciousness and defense preparedness in the
citizens of the Philippines of undergraduate youth by developing the ethics of services and
status patriotism while undergoing training in any of its
3. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1706 three (3) program components. Its various
The National Service Law components are especially designed to enhance
- National service shall be obligatory for all the youth’s active contribution to general
citizens of the Philippines. As used in this welfare.
decree, "National service" shall consist of  Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) –
three main programs namely: program institutionalized under sections 38 and
- Civic Welfare Service 39 of RA No. 7077 designed to provide military
- Law Enforcement Service training to tertiary level students in order to
- Military Service motivate, train, organize and mobilize them for
4. REPUBLIC ACT No. 7077 national defense preparedness.
Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines  Literacy Training Service (LTS) - program
Reservist Act designed to train students to become teachers of
 literacy and numeracy skills to school children, 4202 on 13 January 1960. The Municipal
out of school youth, and other segments of Board has allocated P1-Million to establish
society in need of their service. the University.
 Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) – - Mayor Lacson suddenly passed away while
programs or activities contributory to the general in office and before the fulfillment of his
welfare and the betterment of life for the dream university. His then-Vice-Mayor,
members of the community or the enhancement Antonio Villegas, succeeded him and worked
of its facilities, especially those developed in for the realization of the dream university of
improving health, education, environment, his predecessor. On 13 February 1963, Mayor
entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and the Villegas issued Executive Order No. 7, s-
morals of the citizenry. 1963, creating a Planning and Working
NSTP Establishment Committee to draw up a plan to establish the
- There is hereby established NSTP, which city university.
shall form part of the curricula of all Creation by National Legislation
baccalaureate degree courses and of at least - In 1964, Mayor Villegas co-opted the aid of
two (2) year technical – vocational courses then-Congressman Justo R. Albert of the 4th
and is a requisite for graduation, consisting of congressional district of the City of Manila to
the following components: ROTC, CWTS sponsor a bill in the House of Representatives
and LTS. of the Congress of the Philippines seeking to
- Citizenship training shall be given emphasis create the city university.
in all three program components. - In his explanatory note for H.B. 8349,
- Students, both Male and Female, of any Congressman Albert stressed that "the
baccalaureate degree course or at least two establishment of this university by the City of
(2) – year Technical vocational courses in Manila will spur other cities in the country to
public and private educational institutions exert similar efforts so that the responsibility
shall be required to complete one of the of educating our people may be properly
NSTP components as requisite for located."
graduation. - On 19 June 1965, the final bill entitled "An
- Duration and Equivalent Course Unit Act Authorizing the City of Manila to
- Each of the aforementioned NSTP program Establish and Operate the University of the
components shall be undertaken for an City of Manila and for Other Purposes" was
academic period of two (2) semesters. signed into law by President Diosdado P.
Creation of the National Service Reserve Macapacal
Corps - On 19 June 1965, the final bill entitled "An
- There is hereby created a National Service Act Authorizing the City of Manila to
Reserve Corps, to be composed of the Establish and Operate the University of the
graduates of the non – ROTC components. City of Manila and for Other Purposes" was
Members of this Corps may be tapped by the signed into law by President Diosdado P.
State for literacy and civic welfare activities Macapacal. The Law was captioned as RA
through the joint effort of the DND, CHED, 4196 which now serves as the University
and TESDA. Charter.
Other Laws PLM as a Unique Institution of Higher
1. Republic Act 9512 - National Learning
Environmental Awareness and Education Act - The University formally opened the
of 2008 University College on Monday, 17 July 1967
2. Republic Act 10121 - Philippine Disaster with an initial enrollment of 556 outstanding
Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 and bright scholars carefully selected from
B. PLM Background and History the upper 10% of the various public high
A Vision for Social Transformation schools in Manila.
- PLM's conception started during the - PLM is the first institution of higher learning
administration of Mayor Arsenio H. Lacson, in the Philippines to have its official name in
the first elective mayor of the City of Manila Filipino -- Pamantasan -- a name more
in 1951, when he approved Ordinance No. contextually significant than its English
 equivalent in that it connotes wisdom, Maharnilad (official name of the famous
thereby giving immediate notice that the Manila City Hall).
main goal of a true university is the creation - The music was composed by
of wisdom, which means nothing short of Prof. Felipe Padilla de Leon.
total understanding, as well as the production Pamantasang Mahal
not principally of mere professionals but wise Pamantasan, Pamantasang Mahal
men or "pantas." Nagpupugay kami't nag-aalay
- PLM is also the first university funded solely Ng Pag-ibig, taos na paggalang
by a municipal government in the country, Sa patnubay ng aming isipan.
thus, making it the first university in the Karunungang tungo'y kaunlaran
country that is involved in the variegated and Hinuhubog kaming kabataan
multifarious activities of a local community, Maging Pilipinong mero'ng dangal
which is the City of Manila, hence, the first Puso'y tigib ng kadakilaan.
multiversity. It is the first community Pamantasang Lungsod ng Maynila
university ("communiversity") as well as the Kaming lahat dito'y iyong punla
first socially-conscious university in the Tutuparin pangarap mo't nasa
country. Pamantasan kami'y nanunumpa.
Geographical History Pamantasan kami'y nanunumpa.
- On February 5, 1970, then Executive PLM Seal and Colors
Secretary Ernesto M. Maceda, by authority of - The circular shield is divided into four
then President Ferdinand Marcos, conveyed quadrants, representing the then-four
unto the City of Manila two (2) parcels of congressional districts* of Manila, while the
land owned by the Republic of the fourteen triangles or radiating spires stand for
Philippines. Said real properties consist the the administrative districts of Manila,
area where PLM stands today. namely, Tondo, Binondo, Quiapo, San
- The buildings were used as military Nicolas, Santa Cruz, Sampaloc, San Miguel,
headquarters called Cuartel del Rey, and Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, Paco, Pandacan,
later, Cuartel de España. Dr. Jose P. Rizal, the Port Area and Santa Ana.
country's national hero, was tried on false - sunburst - the oriental symbol of "Life,
charges of sedition on 1896 December 26 for Energy & Power."
his love of country, nationalism, patriotism - flaming torch - "Light and Truth."
and enlightened liberalism. - green-bound book - modern knowledge.
University Vision – Mission - bamboo scroll - the ancient Tagala culture.
and Objectives - atomic orbits - modern science.
- The Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila - Nilad branch - the origin of the name of the
(PLM), created by a National Charter (RA ancient town of Maynilad.
4196, 1965), was envisioned to be Manila's - fourteen pointed triangles framing the
premiere institution for higher learning. It circular shield - the then-fourteen districts of
provides superior standards of instructions, as Manila.
well as opportunities for outstanding research - Gold - Nobility, Wealth and Power.
in technology and other areas for the - White - Light, Truth and Faith.
development of the intellect and to advance - Light-blue - Brotherly-Love and Peace.
human knowledge. - Red - Patriotism, Bravery and Sacrifice.
- Guided by the values of academic excellence, - Green - Hope
integrity and social responsibility, PLM
endeavors to be one of the leading
universities in the ASEAN.
PLM Hymn
- The lyrics of the University Hymn was
composed in 1968 by Gatpuno Antonio J.
Villegas, Mayor of Manila, and was
presented to the Board of Regents in
II. Module 2 Self-Awareness and Values - Allows you to understand other people, how
Formation they perceive you, your attitude and your
A. Understanding the Self responses to them in the moment.
Self - refers to a person's essential being that Developing Self-Awareness
distinguishes them from others, especially - Developing Self-Awareness is about being
considered as the object of introspection or engaged in what is going on around us, being
reflexive action. conscious of our feelings, and understanding the
- the union of elements (such as body, impact of those emotions in our ability to
emotions, thoughts, and sensations) that perform.
constitute the individuality and identity of a - Self – awareness is developed through practice
person by focusing your attention on the details of your
Aspects of Self personality and behavior.
1. Physical Self - the felt sense of the self and Self-Awareness as Tool for Effectiveness
includes the physical body. It covers ours - Knowing your STRENGTHS and
perceptions of our body; the images we have WEAKNESSES
of our body – how fat, thin, muscular and so - Developing intuitive decision-making skills.
forth. - Skill Development
2. Spiritual Self - involved in the investment of - Managing stress
meaning into what we do as humans. This - Motivation
meaning may be framed in religious terms or - Developing Leadership
it may be found in philosophy, psychology, Human Behavior Essential for Obtaining Self-
politics and so forth. Success
3. Social Self - part of our self that is openly 1. An Independent Nature
shared with others in various social situations 2. Self-Confidence
such as work, home, with friends and so forth. 3. Persistence
4. Private Self - an aspect that we are aware of 4. A BIG imagination
but we do not show to others. 5. A Thick Skin
B. Components of Self 6. Clarity of Self-Understanding
1. Self-Image - the view you have of yourself 7. Clarity of Intent
a. Physical Description 8. Focus
b. Social Roles 9. Optimism
c. Personal Traits 10. Passion
2. Ideal Self - what you’d like to be Key Areas of Self-Awareness
Can be influenced by: 1. Personality
a. Ways in which others react to us 2. Values
b. How we thiIdnk compare to others 3. Habits
c. Social Roles 4. Emotions
d. Extent to which we identify with other 5. Needs
people D. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
3. Self-Esteem & Self-Worth - the extent to A theory in psychology, proposed by Abraham
which you value yourself Maslow in 1943 paper A Theory of Human
a. High Self-esteem - positive view of ourselves Motivation. Maslow used the terms Physiological,
b. Low Self-esteem - negative view of ourselves Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, and Self-
Major Factors that Influence Self-esteem Actualization needs to describe the pattern that
a. Reaction of others human
b. Comparison with others motivations
c. Social Roles generally
d. Identification move
C. Self-Awareness through.
- Having a clear perception of your personality,
including strengths, weaknesses, thoughts,
beliefs, motivations, and emotions.
 PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS - they are the
literal requirement for human survival. If these What is a good Filipino citizen?
requirements are not met, the human body - A good Filipino citizen is one who plays an
simply cannot continue to function. active and intelligent role as a member of the
 SAFETY NEEDS - with their physical needs community.
relatively satisfied, the individual’s safety needs - One who fulfills his duties and obligation to the
take precedence and dominate behavior. government and society.
Safety and Security needs include: - One who possesses the traits of respectfulness,
- Personal Security courtesy and selflessness for parents and elders
- Financial Security and for others.
- Health and well-being - One who observes punctuality, promptness, and
- Safety net against accidents/illness and good moral conduct.
their adverse impact How can you become good citizens?
- Love and belonging You can become good citizens by living in
 LOVE AND BELONGING - human need to accordance with the good citizenship values we
feel a sense of belonging and acceptance, can derive from the PREAMBLE of the 1987
whether it comes from a large social group, such Philippine Constitution:
as clubs, office culture, religious groups, “We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring
professional organization... etc. the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just
 SELF -ESTEEM - most people have a need for and humane society, and establish a
a stable self-respect and self-esteem. Government that shall embody our ideals and
1. Lower Self-esteem – the need for the respect aspirations, promote the common good,
of others, the need for status, recognition, fame, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure
prestige and attention. to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of
2. Higher Self-esteem – the need for self- independence and democracy under the rule of
respect, strength, competence, mastery, self- law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love,
confidence, independence and freedom. equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate
The Higher Self-respect rests more on inner this Constitution.”
competence won through experience. Article II, Section 13 of the Philippine
Deprivation of these needs can lead to an Constitution recognizes the vital role of the
inferiority complex, weakness and helplessness. youth in nation-building and shall promote and
 SELF - ACTUALIZATION - this level of protect their physical, moral, spiritual,
needs pertains to what a person’s full potential intellectual, and social well-being. It shall
is and realizing that potential. inculcate in the youth patriotism and
- Maslow describes this desire as the desire to nationalism, and encourage their involvement in
become more and more what one is, to become public and civic affairs.
everything that one is capable of becoming. The Good Citizenship Values Clusters
E. Filipino Values and Nationalism A. Pagkamaka-Diyos
VALUES - come from the Latin word “valere” 1. Faith in the Almighty
which means “to measure the worth of something” 2. Respect for Life
- serve as criteria for determining the levels of 3. Order
goodness, worth or beauty. 4. Work
KINDS OF VALUES 5. Concern for the family and future generation
1. Universal values – are valued by all human B. Pagkamaka-Tao
beings due to the intrinsic nature of these values 1. Love
or by virtue of our being human beings. 2. Freedom
2. Cultural Values – are dependent on the social 3. Peace
norms, religious beliefs and other environmental 4. Truth
situations of people. 5. Justice
3. Personal values – are worthwhile to a particular C. Pagkamaka-Bayan
individual and differ from person to person. 1. Unity
Good Citizenship Values 2. Equality
3. Respect for law and government
 4. Patriotism 3. Initiating camaraderie and smooth relationship
5. Promotion of the common good Types of Leadership
D. Pagkamaka-Kalikasan 1. Authoritative
1. Concern for the environment 2. Persuasive or Democratic
2. Environmental Sanitation 3. Laissez-Fair
Values of Modern Filipino 4. Transactional
• Pananalig (Faith) 5. Transformational
• Katapatan (Loyalty) Leadership Qualities and Traits
• Pag-aaruga (Caring and Affection) 1. Adaptability – adjustable to changing situations
• Kasipagan (Industry) 2. Considerateness – thoughtful and kind
• Tibay ng Loob (Endurance) 3. Dedication – devotion, especially to duty
Civic Welfare Training Service and Nationalism 4. Dignity - quality of being honorable or
- to programs or activities contributory to the excellent
general welfare and the betterment of life for the 5. Faith – a belief without evidence; confidence or
members of the community or the enhancement dependence on a person
of its facilities, especially those devoted to 6. Experience – something undergone
improving health, education, environment, 7. Honesty – trustworthiness
entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and morals 8. Initiative – first move; does not wait to be told,
of the citizenry. but does what is proper under the circumstances
Nationalism 9. Integrity – uprightness of character
- is a devotion of love for one’s country. A 10. Judgement – Decision reached
country’s identity is seen through its culture, 11. Justice – impartiality, righteousness
traditions, religions, beliefs, and even the unity 12. Kindness – gentleness of heart, humanness
or togetherness of the people in it. The history 13. Knowledge – knowledgeable
of the Philippines reflects the kind of 14. Loyalty – constancy and faithfulness
nationalism the Filipinos have. Their heroes 15. Strong personality – that which distinguishes
stood and fought to preserve the Filipino and characterize a person as having a strong
identity and attain freedom and independence. characteristics that could easily influence others
10 Modern ways to express Filipino Nationalism 16. Persuasiveness – power to move others to do
1. Respect the Philippine flag and value the something by inducement
Filipino identity 17. Poise – dignity bearing or carriage
2. Be a productive citizen 18. Resourcefulness – capacity for finding or
3. Be aware of the issues in our country adapting means in any situation
4. Stand proud for every Filipinos achievement 19. Tact – a quick or intuitive appreciation of what
5. Patronize and support our own products is fit, proper, or right, especially to avoid
6. Preserve the Filipino culture offending or disturbing other people.
7. Respect everyone and value our traditions 20. Thoughtfulness – manifesting regard for others
8. Speak out our own language 21. Unselfishness – not regarding self more than
9. Remember and commemorate our heroes’ others
sacrifices for our country VOLUNTEERING
10. Love our family, our neighbors, and our - To choose to act in recognition of a need, with
compatriots an attitude of social responsibility and without
Leadership and Volunteerism concern for monetary profit, going beyond one’s
LEADERSHIP - the process of influencing individuals basic obligation
or groups to achieve goals. Why do people volunteer?
It can be correlated to the following: authority, - Community Benefits
direction, motivator, reinforce, persuasion, cheerleader, - Volunteers deliver critical services
coach, nurturer and delegate - Volunteers help to keep our neighborhoods
Functions of Leadership clean and safe for everyone
Villamargo as cited by Coloma & Herrera (2004) - Volunteers educate the public
give three functions of Leadership, such as:
1. Providing Vision
2. Achieving Goals
• People join an organization because it meets III. Module 3 – Environmental Education and
their needs Disaster Risk Reduction Management
• Needs can include A. Environmental Education
- Business - Environmental education is a learning process
- Friendship that increases people’s knowledge and
- Belonging awareness about the environment and associated
• Volunteers will stay because the organization challenges, develops the necessary skills and
continues to meet those needs expertise to address the challenges, and fosters
• “THE SELF-SERVING MOTIVATIONAL attitudes.
DRIVE” Environmental Awareness: Basic Concepts of and
• People also commit because of friendship Laws Governing Environmental Education
• When a friend personally asks, most people - Environmental Awareness means being aware of
have a hard time saying no the natural environment and making choices that
• A friend excited about the organization’s cause benefit the earth, rather than hurt it.
is the best person to recruit Importance of Environment Education
• Investing in relationships can be one of the - EE helps students understand how their decisions
strongest stimulators when it comes to and actions affect the environment, builds
motivating volunteers knowledge and skills necessary to address
• “THE RELATIONAL DRIVE” complex environmental issues, as well as ways
• For most volunteers, their core motivational we can take action to keep our environment
drive – what they believe in - represents the healthy and sustainable for the future.
strongest level of commitment - It is conceived to sustain participation of the
• This takes place when volunteers commit to the citizens especially the youth to participate in
organization because of their passion - meaning combating ill effects of climate change
that they actually believe in your cause B. Related Laws in Promoting Environment
• Even if the cause will cost them a great deal of Education
personal sacrifice and pain, these volunteers Republic Act No. 9512 - National Environmental
remain highly motivated Awareness and Education Act 2008
• “THE CORE MOTIVATIONAL DRIVE – - The Act provides for the promotion of
THEIR BELIEFS” environmental awareness through environmental
Personal Benefits of Volunteerism education which shall encompass environmental
• Expands your personal professional networks concepts and principles, environmental laws, the
• Learn new and transferable skills state of international and local environment, local
• Opportunity for career exploration environmental best practices, the threats of
• Builds a track record of work and commitment environmental degradation and its impact on
“Benefits your Professional Aspirations” human well-being, the responsibility of the
citizenry to the environment and the value of
conservation, protection and rehabilitation of
natural resources and the environment.
Republic Act No. 9003: January 26, 2001
- This Act providing for an ecological solid
waste management program, creating the
necessary institutional mechanisms and
incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and
providing penalties, appropriating funds
thereof, and for other purposes.
Republic Act No.9275: March 22, 2004
- An Act providing for a comprehensive water
quality management and for other purposes.
Republic Act No. 8749: June 23, 1999 -
“Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999”
- as an act providing for a comprehensive air
pollution control policy and for other purposes
Republic Act No. 9147 - Climate change is caused by the increasing
- An act providing for the conservation and volume of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) in the
protection of wildlife resources and their habitats, atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are gases that
appropriating funds therefor and for other absorb and re-emit infrared radiation, warming
purposes the earth’s surface and contributing to climate
Republic Act No. 9175 change (UNEP 1988). These gases are water
- An act regulating the ownership, possession, vapor, methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide,
sale, importation and use of chainsaw, penalizing ozone hydroflourocarbon, perflourocarbon, and
violations thereof and for other purposes. sulfur hexafluoride. When these gases increase
CHED Memorandum Order No. 33 S. 2009 in volume, more solar heat will trapped resulting
- Integration of Environmental Education in the to a warmer atmospheric condition. This
Tertiary Education Curriculum particularly the phenomenon is known as the “greenhouse
Civic Welfare and Training Service Component effect”.
of the National Service Training Program. D. Environmental Awareness: Ecological Solid Waste
Executive Order 579 Management /Classification of Solid Wastes
- Signed November 30, 2006 by then President  Hazardous Wastes – These are solid wastes or a
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, EO 579 aims to combination of a solid waste which identify
encourage the formulation and implementation concentration or physical, chemical or infectious
of the Green Philippines Programs, specifically characteristics. paints, batteries, solvents,
citing the significant role of the (NSTP) National cleaning agents, pesticides
Service Training Program. The DOST is  Non-hazardous wastes - are any type of
mandated to create a programs that will ensure industrial waste which, according to regulations,
that students receive science-based quality cannot be added to a dumpster or sewage
information on environmental issues to line. sugars, lactic acid, bromides, carbonates
encourage the development of environment- Hazardous Waste Management
friendly solutions, devices, equipment and - A comprehensive and integrated management of
facilities. toxic substance and hazardous wastes which adheres
Republic Act 10121 to the waste management hierarchy of source
- An Act strengthening the Philippine Disaster reduction, recycling, treatment and safe disposal for
Risk Reduction and Management System, the protection of personnel, environment and
providing for the national disaster risk reduction property.
and management framework and Four Characteristics of Hazardous Waste
institutionalizing the national disaster risk  Intangible - the substance causes or enhances
reduction and management plan, appropriating fires (kerosene, wood)
funds therefore and for other purposes.  Corrosive – the substance destroys tissues or
C. Environmental Awareness: Climate Change metals (battery acid)
- is any change in climate over time whether due  Reactive – the substance reacts with others and
to natural processes or as a result of human may explode (lithium-sulfur batteries)
activity  Toxic – the substance is a health, water, food and
- is a change in the statistical properties of the air (pesticide)
climate system that persists for several decades The Three main Goals of Hazardous Waste
or longer—usually at least 30 years. Management
What are the effects of climate change or global a. Protective of the environment
warming? b. Improvement of Public Health
- the melting of snow covers and glaciers, the rise c. Conservation of Energy.
of sea level, shorter winters, early springs, hotter e. Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) - It
summers and delayed coming of autumns altered is the selection of combination of techniques,
forest productivity and composition, habitat technologies and management programs to achieve
shifts of some animals, changes in the behavior waste management objectives.
pattern of flora and fauna, spread of diseases,
stronger and heavier rains.
How does it occur?
 E. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS: AIR conditions. “Guide in sanitation in natural
POLLUTION AND AWARENESS AND disasters WHO (1971)”.
PREVENTION - Landslide is described as an outward and
Sources of Air-pollution downward slope movement of an abundance
 mobile sources – such as cars, buses, planes, of
trucks, and trains slope-forming materials including rock, soil,
 stationary sources – such as power plants, oil artificial, or even a combination of these things.
refineries, industrial, facilities, and factories - Earthquake is the result of a sudden release
 area sources – such as agricultural areas, cities, of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates
and wood burning fireplaces seismic waves. At the Earth's surface,
 natural sources – such as wind-blown dust, earthquakes manifest themselves by vibration,
wildfires, and volcanoes shaking, and sometimes displacement of the
Effects of Air Pollution from Fossil Fuels ground.
- Sulfur and nitrogen oxides irritate the mucous - Volcanic Eruptions - may cause harm
membranes of the respiratory system. If irritation is following the explosion of the volcano or
prolonged, it can lead to respiratory disease – falling rocks.
persistent cough, emphysema, asthma, and other the lava destroys many buildings, plants and
allergies, and worst, cancer. animals due to its extreme heat. volcanic ash,
F. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS: WATER generally meaning the cooled ash, may form a
POLLUTION cloud, and settle thickly in nearby locations.
- -Water pollution is the contamination of water - Floods - An overflow of water that
bodies, usually as a result of human activities. 'submerges' land temporary covering the land
Water bodies include for example lakes, rivers, with water which is usually not covered by
oceans, aquifers and groundwater. Water water.
pollution results when contaminants are - Tsunami / Seismic Sea Wave / Tidal Wave-
introduced into the natural environment. is a series of waves in a water body caused by
a. How can we save our nature? the displacement of a large volume of water,
b. How can we keep our environment clean? generally in an ocean or a large lake.
G. DISASTER MANAGEMENT - Drought / drouth - is an event of prolonged
- Disasters Management can be defined as the shortages in the water supply, whether
organization and management of resources and atmospheric (below-average precipitation),
responsibilities dealing with all humanitarian surface water or ground water.
aspects of emergencies in particular,  Human-made disaster is disaster resulting from
preparedness, response and recovery in order to man-made hazards as opposed to natural
lessen the impact of disasters. disasters resulting from natural hazards. It means
- Disaster Management is the creation of plans a disaster or emergency situation that result in
through which communities reduce vulnerability civilian population’s casualties, loss of property,
to hazards and cope with disasters. loss of basic services, and means of livelihood as
- Disaster management main motivation is to a result of war or civil strife. The cause of a
minimize the losses as well as ensure most human-made disaster can be either intentional or
efficient utilization of resources which are unintentional human actions. Human-made
already scarce. disasters or emergencies can be fast or of slow
Kind of Disasters attack. Human-made disaster admits that all
- Disaster can be natural or human made. disasters are caused by humans.
 Natural Disaster is an act of nature such - involves an element of human intent, negligence,
magnitude as to create a catastrophic situation in or error; or involving a failure of a man-made
which the day-to-day patterns of life are suddenly system. It is also called as man-made disaster
disrupted and people are plunged into - A disastrous event caused directly and principally
helplessness and suffering and as a result, need by one or more identifiable deliberate or
food, clothing, shelter, medical and nursing care negligent human actions.
and other necessities of life and protection - Air and water pollution (red tide);
against unfavorable environmental factor and - Industrial accidents (oil spills);
- fire;
 - civil disturbances; Red Cross Marikina
- war; Ultra Pasig
- poverty; West (Manila,Malabon, Navotas)
- bomb threats; Intramuros Golf Course
- accidents like transports and nuclear or South (Las Pinas, Makati, Muntinlupa,
biological Paranaque, Pateros, Taguig, Pasay)
Goals of Disaster Management Villamor Air Base Golf Course
- All measures should be taken so that hazards F. MANAGEMENT CYCLE
cannot take in the form of disaster. Since we - Mitigation Awareness: When risk is high but
cannot prevent the coming of many natural perception/ preparedness is low, people need
hazards but can reduce their harmful effects technical explanations about causes, possible
through proper management, so that the loss of effects and mitigating strategies.
life and property can be minimized. - Preparedness Awareness: When risk is
- It involves actions that seek to mitigate the imminent, the community needs detailed
effects of hazards. explanation of what is going to happen and how
- Proactive plans to mitigate various business and what to and what not to do.
risks. - Emergency Response Awareness: After the
- Minimizing loss via more effective preparedness disaster has struck, people need to know what to
and response. do next.
- Creating more effective and durable recovery.
H. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
- refers to measures taken to prepare for and reduce the
effects of disasters. That is, to predict and - where
possible - prevent disasters, mitigate their impact on
vulnerable populations, and respond to and effectively
cope with their consequences, at local, national and
international levels.
Preparedness
Here is a list of items that you should have in case
disaster strikes and without utilities for a few
days:
Non-perishable food – canned food, dry fruits, high
protein biscuits.
Drinking water
Blankets, clothes
Medicines
Flashlight
Battery Operated Radio
Spare Batteries
First Aid Box
Long boots socks
Fuel tank should be above the half mark
Garbage bags
Whistle
Identification cards
Where to GO
North (Caloocan, Valenzuela, QC, San Juan,
Mandaluyong)
Veterans Memorial Golf Course
University of the Philippines (UP) Diliman
East (Pasig, Marikina)
LRT 2 Santolan Depot
Marikina Boys Town