Running head: ANALYSING SPEECHES 1

English CIA 1

Advait Nawathe-1933303

Akshat Agarwal-1933304

Aryan Dawar-1933372

Devyansh Shukla-1933373

2 ECOH (A)

CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

Introduction to speeches

“A Well-Educated Mind Vs a Well-Formed Mind” by Shashi Tharoor

SPEECHES ANALYSIS 2

India is a nation of 1.324 billion individuals; we have accomplished a 74% education

rate from 16% in a range of 70 years. There are 226 million Indians, ready to enter advanced
education, experiencing school. We have 17% of the universes cerebrums yet we just have
2.8% of the universes explore yield. To change this and have a country complete with trend-
setters and business visionaries we have to begin the adjustment in the homerooms, sure we
may have a consistently rising proficiency rate however we have to widen our extension. We
shouldn't simply have our heads loaded up with facts, course reading materials or instructor
addresses as in the present society the entirety of that is accessible on the web. What we do
require however is an all-around framed personality; one that responds to new realities,
circumstances and subtleties, which could really process data that it hasn't examined or
known about previously. We have to thoroughly consider of the case, consider well-known
items in manners we haven't previously and that is the main way we can push ahead on the
planet.

PM Narendra Modi's UNGA speech

On the 74th session of United Nations General Assembly, the Prime Minister of India
Mr. Narendra Modi represented the nation and delivered a speech stating the milestones it has
achieved under his government and how these achievements are examples for the world to
follow. His speech also highlighted the grave issues of terrorism and global warming which
have been increasing significantly over the years.

Nehru’s First Speech on Kashmir

Broadcasted from the All India Radio on the 2nd of November,1947, just over a week
after Kashmir’s accession to India, Nehru addresses the nation about Delhi’s stance on the
Kashmir issue. He brings to the notice of the people how intruders have run rampant in many
villages of Kashmir who are well-armed and well-trained, pillaging and massacring the
innocent such that even Srinagar was going to be one of them.

Tone and Mood

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The speaker's frame of mind toward the subject, crowd, or occasions of the content.
Word decision (style), subtleties, symbolism, and sentence structure (linguistic structure) all
add to the comprehension of tone. So, tone is the after effect of other scholarly decisions
made by the speaker.

Shashi Tharoor speaks in a serious tone highlighting the problems being faced by
Indian population. He complains against the exploitative nature of British rule in an angry
tone. He explains how Indians recovered from that condition and the serious feeling of hard
work in Indian masses is being reflected that they didn’t let themselves down and worked
hard to get a global identity. The mood is quite motivational when he explains that India has
the average population of age 29, when the whole world is aging. This depicts the great
potential of Indian masses that they can achieve anything they want by utilising the latent
potential of the masses. Shashi Tharoor is very optimistic about the future of India that, with
a combination of a massive youthful population and right guidance, India can progress further
and even overpass the developed nations in terms of technology and economy. As with great
powers come great responsibilities, Shashi Tharoor asks the population in a didactic tone to
be responsible for the right education of the young population which if not done can flip the
coin for India and the demographic dividend may lead to a negative outcome. “Education is
the best weapon we have to fight poverty, ignorance and terrorism.”, said by education
advocate Malala Yousafzai portrays the importance of the education or else the young mind
to prone to distraction by adopting violence as their way of living. He lays the importance on
expanding our aura of education by incorporating what 21st century has to offer. He has a
very positive mood when he describes the achievements of Indians since the British rule with
respect to the literacy rate and the number of universities which inspires a young mind for the
infinite possibilities in the future and that hard work can achieve anything. He lays the
importance of education in fighting the gender stereotype, caste barriers and the clutches of
the societal distinctions which limit the worthy from progressing further in life. Education
promotes equality and ensures that the hard worker gets the success. He speaks in a
complaining tone when he says there is an urgent need for revolutionizing the teaching
pattern in collaboration with the present requirements. He talks about the sense of
empowerment given to the people by education. Education lets you stand on your feet and
makes you independent in the society.
SPEECHES ANALYSIS 4

He respects the individual differences and brings up the concept of vocational training
for the students not well enough for analytics and logic. The upcoming industries are in major
need of the skilled labour and hence vocational training becomes vital. India is famous all
over the world for its “jugads” which depict that Indian minds can think further than what is
already there. This shows that Indian mind should be explored into the direction of
innovation and hence students should be promoted to think rather than mug up concepts.
Indian education system is ripe for disruption as said by Naveen Jain in his article of
‘Rethinking Education’.

Narendra Modi delivers the speech in a formal tone addressed directly to the
President of the United Nations with an indirect address to the other dignitaries present at the
assembly and the people all over the world. Since the original speech was in Hindi, Modi has
rhymed certain lines to maximise the impact of the speech on the audience. One important
thing to note is that at such a global level, he starts his speech a mention of his idol Mahatma
Gandhi and states his ideologies of non-violence and truth as relevant even today. This
provides an insight about Modi valuing the contributions of the past leaders. The syntax of
the speech is simple with easy vocabulary but the sentences used by Mr. Modi are rather
long. Building over 110 million toilets in just 5 years for its countrymen, all its achievements
and outcomes are examples for the world to be followed. This shows that the mood and tone
of the speaker bears a sense of pride and honour towards our nation. This sentence also
depicts what India is capable of doing and it can be inferred that Modi indirectly is urging
other nations to incorporate the steps taken by him in their countries.

Later in the speech, Mr. Modi lists out various future goals of the government towards
the development of the nation and betterment of the world. He states that the govt is planning
to supply water to 150 million homes, 125000 kilometres of roads and 20 million houses for
the poor have been planned to be built. He also states that his govt has planned to eradicate
TB by 2025, five years before the rest of the rest. He has a visionary mood while talking
about terminating use of plastic, Modi says that he heard about making UN free of plastic,
then goes on to say that a campaign of making India free of plastic has already being
commenced. He compares UN and India, insinuating that India has been quicker than UN in
initiating this plan.
SPEECHES ANALYSIS 5

Further, Modi asks few rhetoric questions such as “how have we been able to achieve
all of this. How is it that such rapid changes are taking place in India?” to create a mood of
suspense among the audience. He praised the diversity of Indian culture and affirms that it
sees divinity in every being and strives for welfare of all. To present the Indian culture, he
recites a phrase in Tamil by the great poet Kariyan Pungan dra naar “"Ya-dum, Oo-ray,
Yaav-rum Ke-rir" which means we belong to all places, and to everyone. He implies that
India considers everyone as equal and thereby concluding in a proud tone.

Jawaharlal Nehru’s speech is simple, but straightforward. He informs the people in

an angry tone about how Pakistan, using unparliamentary language, has accused the Indian
state of fraud in regarding to the accession of the state of Kashmir. Moreover, he fires back at
the Pakistani government when he states how they have failed to curb the intruders coming
from their side and whether they are even authoritative enough to command their army.
With a calm but authoritative voice, he assures the people that everything is being considered
carefully to handle the situation in Kashmir and that to not have taken those steps would have
been a betrayal of a trust and cowardly submission to the law of the sword with its
accompaniment of arson, rape and slaughter.

Nehru continues to describe the ever declining state of Kashmir with the intruders
from Pakistan entering through the North-West Frontier Province, but also assures the masses
that India has deployed troops to assist Kashmir as it is a neighbouring state to frontier
territories adjoining great nations and this is one of the reasons that sparked interest in India
to defend Kashmir, apart from the love for its citizens, thus seeding a deep feeling of
nationalism. Nehru goes on to make a bold statement about how in the past India has not
hesitated to condemn evil whoever might have committed it, whether Hindus or Sikhs or
Muslims and so if Hindus or Sikhs or any functionaries of the State misbehaved in the Jammu
province, certainly it condemns them and regrets their deeds. Nehru’s speech speaks volumes
about him, he’s not one for aggression and invading but he’s also not one to let any sort of
violence against his people be tolerated, irrespective of who they might be.
It paints him in a good light, showing the ideal virtues of a leader, ready to defend his
people and those who call him his ally. He informs the people of the decision that India took,
to provide arms to Kashmir after repeated requests, not only from the Maharaja’s government
but also from representatives of the people, including the famous leader of Kashmir, Sheikh
Mohammed Abdullah. Nehru applauds the leader of Kashmir, Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah
SPEECHES ANALYSIS 6

and his people for maintaining a peaceful situation in Srinagar despite the ongoing conflict
and hails his work as a wonderful piece of work that they did at a moment when the nerves of
most people might have failed them. This shows Nehru’s supportive nature where he is ready
to acknowledge those who are making an effort to help. Finally, he addresses the issue of the
accession of Kashmir and makes a very memorable and just decision and announces that once
the conflict is over, a referendum will be held to allow the people of Kashmir to decide which
state they wish to be a part of.

Using short and simple sentences, Nehru has conveyed his message to his people, to
Kashmir and to Pakistan. The speech is comforting to those in Kashmir and informative to
the Indians. A simple but elegant speech that delivers its message clearly, Nehru makes his
speech diplomatic so as to not target any particular religious sect nor broadcast that help is
being given purely to make Kashmir join India, which shows the amount of thought given to
the situation and the time spent to come up with an address that caters to the needs of all.

Ethos

Before you can persuade a crowd of people to acknowledge anything you state, they
need to acknowledge you as sound.

Shashi Tharoor - One of the primary reasons that Dr. Shashi Tharoor’s speech on
education is so hard hitting is because of his credibility on this very matter. He is the
chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Information Technology and he was
also the Minister of State for Human Resource Development. These titles enunciate his
credibility and so does the factual nature of his speech.

Narendra Modi - In this speech, the element of ethos isn’t validated based on the
social standing of the speaker or his position in society, but it is done so based on the venue
and place of speech, along with the factual nature of the speech. This speech is a true
testimony of the fact that logos is the underlying backbone of ethos.

Jawaharlal Nehru - This speech gives major importance to the ‘Ethos’ mode of
persuasion because it puts forward information regarding actions carried out with respect to
SPEECHES ANALYSIS 7

Kashmir. If Nehru wasn’t the prime minister of India at that point of time and had he not
actively participated in India’s freedom struggle keeping in mind the best interests of the
Indian citizens, this speech wouldn’t have ever been accepted in the right spirit and would’ve
been subjected to a lot more scrutiny than it actually was. Not just this, but the way the
speech has been conveyed, it truly seems to exemplify the extent of thought that has gone
behind these decisions.

The leaders are experts in their own fields, Narendra Modi for administrating the
entire nation, Shashi Tharoor has a strong background in the field of education, JL Nehru was
an Indian independence activist. Thus, we can see that the speakers have a right stand in
making their speeches and thus prove the effective ethos from the speeches.

Pathos

Pathos is the nature of a powerful presentation which claims to the feelings of the
group of spectators. Your sensible contention will be significantly more convincing if it's
wrapped up with a decent portion of feeling.

Shashi Tharoor - In this speech Dr. Tharoor makes an evident usage of pathos, as the
central theme of this speech is riddled with elements of strong nationalism and pride. This is
elucidated when he proudly emphasizes on how much India has developed as a state in
comparison with how it was in the hands of the British. This is validated by his chosen
example of how a British detention center was converted to an IIT branch in Kharagpur.
Moreover, this strong nationalistic emotion is further highlighted when he proudly compares
the prospective Indian demographics with those from other countries.

Narendra Modi - The dominant rooting of the pathos elements come from a sense of
international unity and a sense of togetherness and harmony. The speech constantly
emphasizes on how much India has grown as a nation in the 5 years that have led up to this
speech and it also talks about important goals that India plans on meeting in the near future.
These are further followed up by statements that divulge how India plans to grow hand-in-
hand with other nations and how Indian growth will lead to a global positive influence. To
add to this, Narendra Modi also put utmost emphasis on how India has stood strong by the
SPEECHES ANALYSIS 8

United Nations and how many of its goals lay in line with those of the UN. This leads to a
strong base for pathos.

Jawaharlal Nehru - Due to the time period during which this speech was given, it
has a strong emotional basis that finds its roots in feelings of nationalism. This was one of the
strongest emotions/ positions that the audience identified with. As a result, it manages to
make a strong impact on its audience. Moreover, it was the first to put thoughts to words.
That is, it was the first to put the agony of the Kashmiri individuals into the spotlight for
everyone to see and ponder over.

In all the speeches a strong feeling of nationalism is evident which influences the
emotions of an Indian, promoting the feelings towards a better future of the nation. Shashi
Tharoor strives to improve the future of nation by reforming the educational system. Modi Ji
focuses on the achievements of India and how the whole world can learn from us, he further
sets the guideline for India to progress further on the path of development. JL Nehru
motivates the Indian masses how the patriotic spirit in Kashmir prevented the Pakistani
assault.

Logos

Logos is the stuff of your contentions, the manner in which one point continues to
another, as though to demonstrate that the end to which you are pointing isn't just the correct
one, however so fundamental and sensible as to be pretty much the one and only one.

Shashi Tharoor - This speech attains most of its gravitas due to this very mode of
persuasion. Almost all major points that Dr. Tharoor has raised in this speech are backed by
cold, hard and tangible facts that do a phenomenal job of explicating all that he has to say
about education in India. For example, the figures pertaining to the percentage of graduated
engineers that are simply unemployable (64% of employers are unhappy with the quality of
engineers) nods at the fact that the quality of education remains at a sub-par standard.
Furthermore, these facts and figures make the audience understand the importance of
improved literacy, and how the Indian literacy rate still needs to improve considerably.
SPEECHES ANALYSIS 9

Narendra Modi - This mode of persuasion is the one that gives strong backing to the
ethos element of this speech. From the beginning of this speech, to its very end, it is packed
with important facts, figures and data that constantly validate India’s growth as a nation. It
makes India appear as a truly powerful nation that is genuinely interested in fostering
international growth, development and overall prosperity. This data riddled speech does a
good job in putting India’s growth in the spotlight.

Jawaharlal Nehru - This speech doesn’t have facts presented in a traditional form.
Essentially it doesn’t have a large amount of data or statistics; on the other hand, it is packed
with important dates, timeframes and important causative factors that might have resulted in
certain kinds of responses from India’s side. Despite the strong nature of Nehru’s speech, we
believe that his speech lacked in terms of logical and factual backing, but we think that the
speech still proved to be highly effective because of its strong emotional basis and the fact
that it was delivered by a national icon.

Analyzing Diction

The connotation or associations of word choice is known as diction. It can be

characterized as style of talking or composing, dictated by the selection of words by a speaker
or an essayist.

Words drawing attention and the nature of language used

Shashi Tharoor - When Tharoor mention that Indians can transform the world it
shows about his feelings of nationalism which is rare to view today. He also understands the
problems faced by Indians during the British period and tells how compassionate Indians
have transformed themselves into an economy occupying significant share in the world
market. His language is concrete and each word portrays the spirit of nationalism.

Narendra Modi - The linguistic structure of the discourse is straightforward with

simple jargon however the sentences utilized by Mr. Modi are somewhat long. The use of
metaphors is negligible and the sentence structures are somewhere close to immediate and
SPEECHES ANALYSIS 10

complex because of their length. Sentences are for the most part compound and the language
is general

Jawaharlal Nehru - Nehru’s linguistic structure is similar to that of Modi’s, perhaps

even more simplified. It is straightforward and uses simple language to deliver the message.
The language used is general and abstract, meant to be understood by the common man all
over the country. There is almost no use of metaphors, similes, etc.

Language as formal, informal, colloquial, or slang

Shashi Tharoor - Language is basically formal but with an informal touch. Shashi
Tharoor makes the speech cheerful by introducing some humorous facts like India holds the
world record for the highest difference between age of an average Indian and average age of
the cabinet.

Narendra Modi - Since United Nations is a worldwide forum, the discourse was
conveyed in a formal tone tended to legitimately to the President of the United Nations with a
circuitous address to different dignitaries present at the gathering and the individuals
everywhere throughout the world.

Jawaharlal Nehru - Nehru addresses his nation in his speech and hence it is
appropriate that he wishes to use a formal tone throughout the length of his speech.

All the three speakers use a learned and formal vocabulary to influence the masses.
They present the audience with convincing facts which dictate their excellence in their
respective fields.

Words with a particular emotional punch

SPEECHES ANALYSIS 11

Shashi Tharoor - His message related to the exploitation of Indian masses by

Britishers gives a typical emotional punch as we come to know that he is someone who is
aware of different aspects of history and hence depicts him as a learned and credible man.

Narendra Modi - Towards the climax of the speech, Modi throws light on the
sacrifices made by the Indian soldiers for UN peace-keeping and mentions that India has been
one of the top nations in terms of military services for the UN. He further states that India has
always spread the message of peace and not war. In addition to this, he talks about terrorism,
peace-keeping and how India has been promoting peace since ancient times as India has
given the world Buddha’s message of peace, and not war. He throws light on the sacrifice
made by the Indian soldiers for UN peace-keeping, giving an emotional punch.

Jawaharlal Nehru - While ending his address, Nehru decides to throw some light on
the situation of the accession of Kashmir and although the instrument of accession has been
signed, he claims that the moment the violence ends, the people of Kashmir will be able to
choose which nation they want to join through a referendum. This shows the ideal leadership
qualities and understanding nature of the then prime minister of our country and invokes a
feeling of proudness.

Analyzing Syntax

Order of the parts of the sentence as the usual order (subject-verb-object), or is it inverted
(object-subject-verb)

Shashi Tharoor, Narendra Modi and Jawaharlal Nehru all make use of usual order of
sentence i.e. subject-verb-object to keep the speech easy to comprehend and impact the
audience in the best possible way. The order of words in an English sentence is significant. A
change in the order of words usually brings about a difference in significance

What are the sentences like? Are they periodic (moving toward something important at the
end) or cumulative (beginning with an important idea and then adding details)?
SPEECHES ANALYSIS 12

Shashi Tharoor – He uses a periodic pattern of sentence as he begins by explaining

the present condition of Indian educational system and then explaining the method to actually
realize well-formed mind instead of well-educated mind.

Narendra Modi - To conclude, the sentences of the speech are Cumulative, that is,
the speech begins with an idea and then details are added to support it. Modi commences his
speech with how India has been developing and has helped in making the world a better
place, then provides details to support his claims. The main purpose of the speech was to
present India as a global influencer in front of other nations which was executed by the PM in
a fair manner.

Jawaharlal Nehru - The sentences in Nehru’s speech are cumulative, beginning with
the situation of Kashmir and adding the details to it. The purpose of the speech was to inform
the country of the situation prevailing in Kashmir and what action India is taking.

Periodic sentence focuses on the significance of the ending of the discourse by

working up the message which hold fundamental significance. Shashi Tharoor makes an
effective use of periodic sentences in his speech because it is concerned with the development
of a well-formed mind and not any explanatory idea. Cumulative sentence structure
frequently makes a sentence increasingly conversational and clear as opposed to working up
tension, by putting the primary piece of the sentence toward the start and afterward giving
subtleties to add to that principle thought. Hence, it is put to use by Narendra Modi and
Jawaharlal Nehru.

Sentences as simple, complex or compound?

Shashi Tharoor – He has made use of Compound-complex sentences. Shashi

Tharoor is presenting the topic at a TED talk and hence uses such sentences to help express
longer more complicated thoughts, with more parts than other sentences.

Narendra Modi - Modi’s speech is an amalgamation of compound and complex

sentences with minimal usage of simple sentences. They are, for the most part, long sentences
with a fair usage of punctuations.
SPEECHES ANALYSIS 13

Jawaharlal Nehru - Nehru’s speech inculcates compound sentences mainly with a

dash of complex sentences. His sentences are on the long side, with every word adding more
information to the speech.

Composing compound-complex sentences permits you a lot of adaptability to clarify

how, why or when something occurred. They enable you to express your thoughts with
clearness and in extraordinary detail. You'll additionally have the option to change up your
work to keep the group of spectators intrigued. Shashi Tharoor, Narendra Modi and
Jawaharlal Nehru make an impressive use of compound-complex sentences to influence the
audience.

References

 Desk, I. T. W. (2019, September 28). Full text of PM Narendra Modi's UNGA speech.

Retrieved from https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pm-narendra-modi-un-unga-

full-speech-text-new-york-us-1604079-2019-09-28.

 Kashmir Life. (2018, February 17). Nehru's First Speech on Kashmir. Retrieved from

https://kashmirlife.net/nehrus-first-speech-on-kashmir-165556/.

 S, P. (2019, September 29). Dr. Shashi Tharoor on A Well-Educated Mind Vs a Well-Formed

Mind (Full Transcript). Retrieved from https://singjupost.com/dr-shashi-tharoor-on-a-well-

educated-mind-vs-a-well-formed-mind-full-transcript/

 (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pr9ZFajui4&lc=UgxbfKiaqLhHjVJQcf54AaABAg.