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    Instrument PDF

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    Besan Ladu
    Control valves are used to manipulate flowing fluids and keep process variables close to set points. They consist of sensing elements, transmitters, controllers, signal converters, and final control elements. Control loops with these components are used to compensate for load disturbances. Common control valve types include globe, ball, butterfly, and diaphragm valves. Pneumatic and electric actuators are used to operate control valves. Shutdown valves are used for system shutdown and allow or stop fluid flow, while blowdown valves permit free fluid flow during shutdown.

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    Instrument PDF

    Uploaded by

    Besan Ladu
    66 views23 pages
    Control valves are used to manipulate flowing fluids and keep process variables close to set points. They consist of sensing elements, transmitters, controllers, signal converters, and final control elements. Control loops with these components are used to compensate for load disturbances. Common control valve types include globe, ball, butterfly, and diaphragm valves. Pneumatic and electric actuators are used to operate control valves. Shutdown valves are used for system shutdown and allow or stop fluid flow, while blowdown valves permit free fluid flow during shutdown.

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    Control valves are used to manipulate flowing fluids and keep process variables close to set points. They consist of sensing elements, transmitters, controllers, signal converters, and final control elements. Control loops with these components are used to compensate for load disturbances. Common control valve types include globe, ball, butterfly, and diaphragm valves. Pneumatic and electric actuators are used to operate control valves. Shutdown valves are used for system shutdown and allow or stop fluid flow, while blowdown valves permit free fluid flow during shutdown.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    66 views23 pages

    Instrument PDF

    Uploaded by

    Besan Ladu
    Control valves are used to manipulate flowing fluids and keep process variables close to set points. They consist of sensing elements, transmitters, controllers, signal converters, and final control elements. Control loops with these components are used to compensate for load disturbances. Common control valve types include globe, ball, butterfly, and diaphragm valves. Pneumatic and electric actuators are used to operate control valves. Shutdown valves are used for system shutdown and allow or stop fluid flow, while blowdown valves permit free fluid flow during shutdown.

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    Control Valve

    ¾ Used for manipulating a flowing fluid, such as gas,


    steam, water, or chemical compounds.
    ¾ Objective to compensate for the load disturbance.
    ¾ Keep the regulated process variable as close as
    possible to the desired set point.
    How do you Control the Valve ?
    Control loop must consists of :
    • Primary Sensing Element (Orifice, Thermocouple, Positive
    Displacement, Switches)
    • Transmitter (PT, FT, LT, TT)
    • Controller (Local Controller, DCS, Switch)
    • Signal Converter (I/P)
    • Final Control Element (PCV, LCV, TCV, FCV)
    Supplement Element : Local Indicator, Alarm (High, Low, HH, LL)
    Inst. / Cont. Supports for CV’s Operation
    Field Local Panel Control
    Room
    Instrument

    Shared
    Display/control
    Computer
    Function
    Programmable
    Logic Controller
    *) Normally inaccessible or behind-the-panel devices or functions
    may be depicted by using the same symbol but with dashed
    horizontal bars, i.e.
    Signal incoming to the Actuator
    • Pneumatically operated control valve actuators are the
    most popular type in use.
    • Electric and electro-hydraulic actuators often used if
    there is no air supply source is available, or where
    unusually large stem forces are needed.
    • Electric and electro-hydraulic actuators are more
    complex and more expensive than pneumatic
    actuators.
    ISA’s Standard of Line Representation
    Pneumatic signal

    Electric signal or

    Hydraulic signal
    Types of Control Valve
    Gate Ball Globe Butterfly Diaphragm

    On-off On-off Throttling On-off / Throttling Throttling

    Virtually no Virtually no High dP due Minimal Almost no


    pressure loss pressure loss to contorted pressure loss leakage;
    across the across the path through across valve process fluid is
    valve face valve face the valve face isolated from
    valve stem

    Used when Most suitable For many Usually for Water treatment,
    the fluid for handling kinds of flow low-pressure chemical and
    contains slurries, not for regulation applications abrasive service
    suspended service with with high dP
    solids highly corrosive necessity
    fluids
    P&ID Representation for Control Valve

    Normally Open Globe Valve Normally Close Globe Valve

    Pneumatic Actuated Pneumatic Actuated Control Valve


    Control Valve with Hand wheel
    M

    Electric Motor Actuated


    Control Valve Three-Way Control Valve
    Examples of Use
    LEVEL TRANSMITTER TRANSMITTED
    ELECTRICALLY TO LEVEL INDICATOR.
    BOTH DEVICES ARE FIELD MOUNTED.

    LEVEL ELEMENT (GLASS)

    ALARM HIGH AND LOW WARNING ON HARD-WIRE


    MEASURED VARIABLES

    SHARED DISPLAY / SHARED CONTROL


    WITHOUT BACKUP. DEVICE LOCATED
    IN THE CONTROL ROOM
    INFORMATION ABOUT VALVE SIZE,
    NORMAL/FAIL OPERATION SHALL BE
    FIELD MOUNTED I/P CONVERTER
    APPEARED

    PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR,
    GLOBE VALVE TYPE

    BY-PASS VALVE SHALL HAVE THE SAME


    SIZE WITH LINE SIZE
    Example of Use (2)

    Should we use
    OW-XXX-D-4"

    Electric or
    Pneumatic
    Actuators ?

    When do we have to use


    Fail to Opened / Closed
    valve type ?
    Control Valve’s Mounting

    Which one of these mounting is right ? What is its advantages


    compares to the other ? Is there another alternative ways ?
    Examples of Use (3)

    What is the purpose


    of this double signal
    from LIC and LAHH?
    Regulator Valve
    The primary function is to match the flow of any liquid through the
    regulator to the demand need upon the system, but at same time, the
    pressure regulator must maintain the system pressure within certain
    acceptable limits.
    There is three main element :
    • Restricting Element
    • Loading Element
    • Measurement Element

    Regulators applications :
    - Backpressure regulator What is the
    differences?
    - Pressure reducing regulator
    - Pressure relief valves
    - Vacuum regulator
    - Vacuum breaker
    Examples of Use (4)
    Backpressure regulation
    application

    Pressure reducing regulation


    application
    P&ID’s Representation
    SET AT *) Shall give information about
    500 psig set pressure values, valve’s
    sizes and ratings.

    2” *) Pressure tapings directions


    shall appropriate with the
    process purposes.
    300#

    Types of Regulators

    Pressure Reducing Backpressure Regulator with Spring-type


    Regulator Regulator External Pressure Tap Actuators Regulator
    SDV and BDV
    SDV used for system shutdown by forcing the fluid to
    stop flowing through the valve.

    BDV used for system blow down by permitting the fluid


    flowing freely through the valve.
    It can be emergency, process or unit shutdown
    (automatic or manual).

    • Type Of Valve
    • Ball Valve type is commonly used
    • Butterfly type is rarely used
    SDV and BDV Contd.
    • Reset Type • Actuator
    • Pneumatic
    • Automatic
    • Hydraulic
    • Manual
    • Electric
    • Field
    • Gas/Hydraulic powered
    • Remote (not recommended)
    • Combination

    • Command Signal
    There are three general element for shutdown system
    • Sensor (PSHH, PSLL, LSH, LSL) Æ switching type
    • Logic controller (PLC, RTU, or Pneumatic logic)
    • Final Element (SDV or BDV)
    Real SDV/BDV And Actuator

    Ball Valve Pneumatic and hydraulic


    Type scotch-yoke actuators
    SDV/BDV C/W Actuator on Process
    Line
    Examples of Use (5)
    Is this interlock or
    PLC symbols ?
    SDV/BDV ‘s Hook-Up
    SDV/BDV ‘s Hook-Up Contd.
    SDV/BDV ‘s Hook-Up

    *) Hook-up must give the same information according to the P&ID’s, with
    additional accessories given in SDV/BDV’s device, such as pressure
    gauge (3A & 3B), and quick exhaust valve (4A & 4B).
    *) Limit Switches mounted to SDV/BDV are shown in 14B and 15B.
    Switches connected directly to PLC at the Control Room.
    *) Three-way valve can be pneumatically or electrically actuated.
    Examples of Use (6)
    CLOSED OPEN

    ZAL ZAH
    601-1 601-1
    s Where is the reset
    symbols?
    AI
    ZSL ZLH Manual or automatic?
    601-1 601-1
    BDV
    Where is the trip signal
    601-1 from?
    Valve size?
    Examples of Use (7)
    from control
    panel

    Are this different drawing have the same


    meaning of signal source?

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