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    Calculations

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    Nant Pemika Keelawat
    1) The document describes calculations to determine the mass transfer coefficient (kL) during an experiment measuring oxygen transfer from water to nitrogen gas. 2) The experiment measured inlet and outlet dissolved oxygen concentrations (Cin and Cout) of the water using an oximeter, and flow rates using rotameters, to calculate kL using the equation Cout/Cin = exp(-kLA/L). 3) kL and the Reynolds number (Re) were also calculated using equations that relate them, and a log-log plot of kL versus Re was used to determine constants in that equation.

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    Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Nant Pemika Keelawat
    29 views3 pages
    1) The document describes calculations to determine the mass transfer coefficient (kL) during an experiment measuring oxygen transfer from water to nitrogen gas. 2) The experiment measured inlet and outlet dissolved oxygen concentrations (Cin and Cout) of the water using an oximeter, and flow rates using rotameters, to calculate kL using the equation Cout/Cin = exp(-kLA/L). 3) kL and the Reynolds number (Re) were also calculated using equations that relate them, and a log-log plot of kL versus Re was used to determine constants in that equation.

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    1) The document describes calculations to determine the mass transfer coefficient (kL) during an experiment measuring oxygen transfer from water to nitrogen gas. 2) The experiment measured inlet and outlet dissolved oxygen concentrations (Cin and Cout) of the water using an oximeter, and flow rates using rotameters, to calculate kL using the equation Cout/Cin = exp(-kLA/L). 3) kL and the Reynolds number (Re) were also calculated using equations that relate them, and a log-log plot of kL versus Re was used to determine constants in that equation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    29 views3 pages

    Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Nant Pemika Keelawat
    1) The document describes calculations to determine the mass transfer coefficient (kL) during an experiment measuring oxygen transfer from water to nitrogen gas. 2) The experiment measured inlet and outlet dissolved oxygen concentrations (Cin and Cout) of the water using an oximeter, and flow rates using rotameters, to calculate kL using the equation Cout/Cin = exp(-kLA/L). 3) kL and the Reynolds number (Re) were also calculated using equations that relate them, and a log-log plot of kL versus Re was used to determine constants in that equation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Calculations

    All the readings for this experiment were obtained from two instruments;
    rotameters and oximeter. The rotameters was used to measure and control the inlet
    flow rates, L, of the nitrogen (L/min) and the water (mL/min). The oximeter was used
    to determine the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water flows. C in and C out is
    the oxygen concentration of the inlet and outlet water respectively.

    The inlet gas flow contains only nitrogen, and the amount of oxygen
    transferred from water to the nitrogen stream is very little. Hence, it can be assumed
    that the nitrogen stream is oxygen-free along the column.
    The concentration of oxygen can then be assumed zero for this experiment. This
    means that only the oxygen concentration of the inlet and outlet are to be measured.

    The mass transfer coefficient are obtained by using the derived equation:

    Cout/Cin = exp(-kLA/L) (1)

    where Cin = dissolved oxygen concentration of the inlet stream


    Cout = dissolved oxygen concentration of the outlet stream
    A = mass transfer area (cm2)
    L = liquid flow rate (cm3/s)
    kL = individual liquid phase mass transfer coefficient (cm/s)

    NOTE: The overall liquid mass transfer coefficient (KL) is approximated to be the
    individual liquid phase mass transfer coefficient (kL) and the oxygen concentration is
    assumed to be zero at the interface.

    The readings from the rotameters are not in cm3/sec so they need to be
    converted first before plugged in equation 1.

    Furthermore, the mass transfer coefficients can be written in a form of


    Reynolds and Schmidt Numbers. The simplified equation for only liquid flowrate
    changes is
    kL = mRen (2)

    where m and n are constants which can obtained from a log-log graph between k L VS
    the Reynolds number
    log kL = nlog Re + log m (3)
    which is in the form of y = mx + c
    where y = log kL
    x = log Re
    slope (m) = n
    y-intercept (c) = log m

    As given in the lab booklet, the Reynolds number for this experiment is calculated by
    using (with diameter = 1.27 cm):
    Re = L / (9.97 * µ) (4)
    where µ = water viscosity (kg/m sec) = 1.002 * 10-3 at 20 0C

    Calculation of kL

    From equation (1): Cout/Cin = exp(-kLA/L)


    kL = [-L * ln(Cout/Cin)]/A]
    A = area of mass transfer = (surface area of each sphere) * ( number of spheres)
    = [diameter2 * π] * [47]
    = 238.1525152 cm2
    From Table 2 : rotameter reading = 4.5
    kL = [-L * ln(Cout/Cin)]/A]
    kL = [-5.0 * ln(8.4/23.4)/238.1525152]
    kL = 0.021509416

    Calculation of Re
    From the lab booklet;
    Re = L / (9.97 * µ)
    = 5.0 / (9.97 * 1.002 * 10-3)
    = 500.5035065
    µ = water viscosity (kg/m sec) = 1.002 * 10-3 at 20 0C

    The steps for calculating kL and Re are then repeated for different value of L
    and Cout. The results are shown in the tables below.( Table 1- 4 )

    A log-log plot of kL versus Re


    Plotting all the data points of log kL versus log Re will give an approximately linear
    line with the form of
    log kL = nlog Re + log m
    The constants n and m can be obtained the slopes(n) and y-intercept(log m) of the
    line.
    The graph and the individual equation of each run are shown in Graph 1 and table 5

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