Physics

2016 -‘17
BY
RISHABH BHARTI
XII B
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA No. 2,
Colaba, Mumbai - 400005
DETERMINATION OF REFRACTIVE INDICES

OF VARIOUS LIQUIDS USING A HOLLOW
PRISM
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirement

for the CBSE Board 2016-17
BY
RISHABH BHARTI
XII B
CERTIFICATE
It is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine investigation

work has been carried out to investigate about the subject matter
and the related data collection and investigation has been
completed solely, sincerely and satisfactorily done by
RISHABH BHARTI of Class XII B, Kendriya Vidyalaya No.2,
Colaba-05, regarding the project titled, “REFRACTIVE
INDICES OF VARIOUS MEDIUMS”
Signature of the Guide Principal’s Signature
External Examiner School Stamp

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of any task would be

incomplete without mentioning the names of those persons who
helped to make it possible. I take this opportunity to express my
gratitude in few words and respect to all those who helped me in
the completion of this project.
It is my humble pleasure to acknowledge my deep senses of
gratitude to my Physics teacher, Mr. Ranjay Sharma and lab
assistant, Mr. Arvind for their valuable support, constant help
and guidance at each and every stage, without which this project
would not have come forth.
I also register my sense of gratitude to our principal, Mrs. Shiny
George, for her immense encouragement that has made this
project successful.
I would also like to thank my friends and family for encouraging
me during the course of this project.
Last, but not the least, I would like to thank CBSE for giving us
the opportunity to undertake this project.
RISHABH BHARTI
Project Overview
Aim
Apparatus Required
Theory
Procedure
Observations
Conclusions
Precautions
Bibliography
To find out the
refractive indices of
different liquids using
a hollow prism
Apparatus Required
Theory
A prism is a
transparent
optical
element with
flat, polished
surfaces that
refract light.
Prisms
can be
made from any material that is transparent including
glass, plastic and fluorite. A prism can be used to
break light up into its constituent spectral colors.
Prisms can also be used to reflect light, or to split
light into components with different polarizations.
The refractive index of the liquid

Is given by the formula:
U=sini/sinr=sin((a+d)/2)/sin(a/2)
Where,
U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction
Procedure
 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with
help of drawing pins.
 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.
 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the
normal PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be
in the straight line.
 Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid, on
the marked outline ABC.
 Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so
that all the 4 pins appear to be in same line.
 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points
so obtained.
 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
 Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of
incidence.
Observation
 Benzaldehyde
S.no a º(angle of i º (angle of d º (angle of
prism) incidence) deviation)
1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45
U= sin((60+40)/2)/sin(30) = 1.504
 Water
1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
6 60 55 28
U=sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30) = 1.306
 Dil. Sulphuric Acid
1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30
U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30) = 1.351
Conclusion
Refractive indices at room

temperature:
 Benzaldehyde
o Actual: 1.546
o Experimental: 1.504
 Water
o Actual: 1.33
 Dil. Sulphuric acid

o Actual: 1.355
Precautions
 Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.
 Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.
 Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.
 Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.
 Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and

incident ray.
Bibliography
1. WWW.GOOGLE.COM
2. WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
3. NCERT CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL
FOR CLASS 12
4. WWW.SLIDESHARE.COM

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2016 -‘17

DETERMINATION OF REFRACTIVE INDICES

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirement

It is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine investigation

Signature of the Guide Principal’s Signature

External Examiner School Stamp

The successful completion of any task would be

The refractive index of the liquid

Refractive indices at room

 Dil. Sulphuric acid

 Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.

 Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.

 Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.

 Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and

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