Complex Number Exercise

6 .
3 4 | Complex Number
Solved Examples
JEE Main/Boards ∴ L.H.S = 1 + ω3m+1 + ω6m+ 2 = 1 + ω + ω2 = 0
Example 1: f z1 and z 2 are 1 – i, – 2 + 4i respectively. (b) Let n = 3m + 2

z z 
Find Im  1 2  . 1 + ω3m+ 2 + ω6m+ 4 = 1 + ω2 + ω4 = 1 + ω2 + ω = 0.
 z1 
z1 z 2 (1 − i) ( −2 + 4i) −2 + 2i + 4i + 4 z −3
Sol: = = Example 4: Show that = 2 represents a circle.
z1 1+i 1+i z+3
2 + 6i 1 − i 2 + 6i − 2i + 6
= × = = 4 + 2i Sol: Consider z = x + iy and then by taking modulus we
1+i 1−i 2 will get the result.
z z 
2.
∴ Im  1 2  = Let z = x + iy
 z1 
z −3 x − 3 + iy
∴ 2 ⇒
= 2
=
Example 2: Find the square root of z = – 7 – 24i. z+3 x + 3 + iy
Sol: Consider z 0= x + iy be a square root then | 2 22 | x + 3 + iy | 2

∴ | x − 3 + iy=
z 02 =−7 − 24i .
2
– 7 – 24i = x − y + 2ixy2
or (
(x − 3) 2 + y 2= 4 (x + 3) 2 + y 2 )
⇒ 3x2 + 3y 2 + 30x + 27 =
0
Equating real and imaginary parts we get
which represents a circle.
x2 − y 2 =
−7 … (i)
and 2xy = – 24 … (ii) Example 5: If | z1 | = | z 2 | = ……. = | zn |= 1
(x2 + y 2 ) 2 = (x2 − y 2 )2 + 4x2 y 2 1 1 1

prove that | z1 + z 2 + ……. + z=
n | + + ……. +
z1 z 2 zn
= ( −7)2 + ( −24) 2 = 625
∴ x2 + y 2 =
25 … (iii) Sol: | z j | = 1 ⇒ z j z j= 1 ∀ j= 1, …… , n
Solving (i) and (iii), we get, ( zz = | z 2 |)
(x, y) = (3, – 4);(– 3, 4) by (ii) L.H.S.
∴ z 0 =±(3 − 4i) . 1 1 1
| z1 + z 2 + ……. + z=
n | + + ……. + =
z1 z2 zn
Example 3: If n is a positive integer and ω be an
imaginary cube root of unity, prove that 1 1 1 1
+ + + ……. +
z1 z 2 z3 zn
3, when n is a mulitpleof 3
1 + ωn + ω2n 
0, when n is not a mulitpleof 3 1 1 1 1
= + + + ……. + = R.H.S.
z1 z 2 z3 zn
Sol: Case I: n = 3m; m ∈ I
∴ 1 + ωn + ω2n = 1 + ω3m + ω6m
Example 6: If | z1 + z 2 | = | z1 − z 2 | , prove that
3
= 1 + 1 + 1 [ ω =1] =3 π
argz1 − argz 2 = odd multiple of .
2
Case II: n = 3m + 1 or 3m + 2; m ∈ I
Sol: As we know | z | = z.z . Apply this formula and
(a) Let n = 3m + 1
M a them a ti cs | 6.35
consider
= z r ( cosθ + i sinθ ) . Equating real and imaginary parts.
n
| z1 + z 2 | 2 =| z1 − z 2 | 2 nπ
2 2 cos = a0 – a2 + a4 + …..
4
⇒ (z1 + z 2 ) (z1 + z2 ) = (z1 − z 2 ) (z1 − z2 ) or n
nπ
2 2 sin = a1 – a3 + a5 + …..
z1 z1 + z 2 z2 + z 2 z1 + z1 z2 = z1 z1 + z 2 z2 − z 2 z1 − z1 z2 4
or 0 ; Re (z1 z2 ) = 0
2(z 2 z1 + z1 z2 ) = Example 9: Solve the equation zn–1 = z :n∈N
Let=
z1 r1 (cos θ1 + isin θ1 ) and=
z 2 r2 (cos θ2 + isin θ2 );
Sol: Apply modulus on both side.
then
= z1 z2 r1r2 ( cos(θ1 − θ2 ) + isin(θ1 − θ2 ) )
Zn–1 = z ; |z|n–1 = | z | = |z|
∴ ∴= ( as Re(z1 z2 ) 0 )
cos (θ1 − θ2 ) 0=
∴ |z| = 0 or |z| = 1 If |z| = 0 then z = 0,
π
θ1 − θ2 = odd multiple of .
2 Let |z| = 1; then, zn = z z = 1
2mπ 2mπ
Example 7: If | z – 1 | < 3, prove that | iz + 3 − 5i |< 8 . ∴ z cos
= + isin : m = 0, 1, …., n – 1
n n
Sol: Here we have to reduce iz + 3 – 5i as the sum
1 − iz
of two complex numbers containing z – 1. because we Example 10: If z = x + iy and ω =
z −i
have to use
with |w| =1, show that, z lies on the real axis.
| z – 1 | < 3.
Sol: Substitute value of ω in |w| =1.
| iz + 3 – 5i | = | iz – i + 3 – 4i |
1 − iz
| ω |= = 1 ⇒ |1 – iz| = |z – i|
= | 3 – 4i + i (z – 1) | ≤ | 3 − 4i | + | i (z − 1) | z −i
(by triangle inequality) < 5 + 1 · 3 = 8 or, |1 – ix + y| = |x + i(y – 1)|
or, (1 + y)2 + x2 = x2 + (y – 1)2 or, 4y = 0
Example 8: If (1 + x) = a0 + a1x + a2x +……….…+ anx ,
n 2 n
Hence z lies on the real axis.
then show that
n
nπ Example 11: If a complex number z lies in the interior
(a) a0 – a2 + a4 + ….. = 2 2 cos
4 or on the boundary of a circle of radius as 3 and centre
n
nπ at (0, – 4) then greatest and least value of |z + 1| are-
(b) a1 – a3 + a5 + … = 2 2 sin
4
(A) 3 + 17 , 17 − 3 (B) 6, 1
Sol: Simply put x = i in the given expansion and then
by using formula (C) 17 , 1 (D) 3, 1
z r ( cosθ + i sinθ ) and ( cos θ + i sin θ )

n
= Sol: Greatest and least value of |z + 1| means maximum
= cosnθ + i sin nθ , we can solve this problem. and minimum distance of circle from the point (– 1, 0).
In circle greatest and least distance of it from any point
Put x = i in the given expansion is along the normal.
Y
(1 + i)n = a0 + a1i + a2i2 + …+ anin.
n
  π π 
 2  cos + isin   (-1,0) (0,0)
  4 4  X
= (a0 – a2 + a4 - …) + i (a1 – a3 + a5 - ….)

(0,-4)
n/2  nπ nπ 
2  cos + isin 
 4 4 
= (a0 – a2 + a4 + …….) + i(a1 – a3 + a5 + …..)

6 . 3 6 | Complex Number
∴ Greatest distance = 3 + 12 + 42 = 3 + 17 equilateral triangle. Also show that |z1| = |z2| = |z3|.
Least distance = 12 + 42 − 3 = 17 − 3 Sol: Use algebra to solve this problem.
Given z1 + z2 + z3 = 0, and from 2nd relation z2z3 + z3z1

Example 12: Find the equation of the circle for which + z1z2 = 0
 z − 6 − 2i 
arg   = π/ 4. ∴ z2z3 = – z1(z2 + z3) = – z1 (– z1) = z12
 z − 2 − 2i 
∴ z13 = z1z2z3 = z23 = z33
 z − 6 − 2i 
Sol: arg   = π / 4 represent a major arc of
 z − 2 − 2i  ∴ |z1|3 = |z2|3 = |z3|3
circle of which Line joining (6, 2)) and (2, 2) is a chord
Above shows that distance of origin from A, B, C is
π same.
that subtends an angle at circumference.
4
Origin is circumcentre, but z1 + z2 + z3 = 0
Z implies that centroid is also at the origin so that the

A O triangle must be equilateral.
A
A
A(2,2) M B(6,2) JEE Advanced/Boards
Example 1: For constant c ≥ 1, find all complex numbers
Clearly AB is parallel to real (x) axis, M is mid-point, z satisfying the equation z + c | z + 1| + i = 0
M ≡ (4, 2), OM = AM = 2
Sol: Solve this by putting z = x + iy.
∴ O = (4, 4) and OA = OM + AM = 2 2 Equation of
2 2 2
Let z = x + iy.
required circle is
The equation z + c |z + 1| + i = 0 becomes
| z − 4 − 4i | =
2 2
x + iy + c (x + 1)2 + y 2 + i =0
Example 13: If |z| ≥ 3, prove that the least value of
1 8 or x + c (x + 1)2 + y 2 + i(y + 1) =
0
z+ is .
z 3
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
1 1
Sol: Here z + ≥ | z | − . y+1=0⇒y=–1 … (i)
z |z|
Now |z| ≥ 3
and x + c (x + 1)2 + y 2 =
0: x < 0 ...(ii)
1 1 1 1
∴ ≤ or – ≥− … (i) Solving (i) and (ii), we get
|z| 3 |z| 3
Adding the two like inequalities x+c (x + 1)2 + 1 =0 or x2 = c2[(x + 1)2 + 1]
1 1 8
|z|− ≥3 − = … (ii) or (c2 – 1) x2 + 2c2x + 2c2 = 0
|z| 3 3
1 8 If c =1, then x = – 1. Let c > 1 ; then,
Hence from (i) and (ii), we get z + ≥
z 3
8 −2c2 ± 4c 4 − 8c2 (c2 − 1) −c2 ± c 2 − c2
∴ Least value is x= =
3 2(c2 − 1) c2 − 1
As x is real and c > 1, we have: 1 < c ≤ 2

Example 14: If z1, z2, z3 are non-zero complex numbers
such that z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 and z1−1 + z 2−1 + z3−1 =
0 then (Thus, for c > 2 , there is no solution). Since both
prove that the given points are the vertices of an values of x satisfy (ii), both values are admissible.
Example 2: Find the sixth roots of z = 64i. Re(z) > 3 (see the Figure above)
π π (b) Let z = x + iy, then, x > 0 and y > 0
Sol: Here i = cos + isin and sixth root of z
2 2
i.e. zr = z1/6. y π y π
arg z = tan−1 tan ≤ ≤ tan
x 6 x 4
 π π
=z 64  cos + isin  ∴ zr = z1/6 Y
 2 2
y=x
 π π
 2rπ + 2rπ + 
= 2 cos 2 + isin 2 
 6 6  arg(z)=6
 
X
Where r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 O
The roots z0, z1, z2, z3, z4, z5 are given by 1 y

≤ ≤ 1 ; x ≤ 3y and y ≤ x
 π π  3 x
=z 0 2  cos + isin 
 12 12  Hence the given inequality represents the region
1
 5π 5π  bounded by the rays y = x and y = x except the
=z1 2  cos + isin  3
 12 12  origin.
=
 9π 9π 
z 2 2  cos + isin  Example 4: If z12 + z22 – 2z1z2 cos θ = 0, show that the
 12 12  points z1, z2 and the origin, in the argand plane, are the
vertices of an isosceles triangle.
 13π 13π   π π 
=z3 2  cos + isin −2  cos + isin 
 =
 12 12   12 12  Sol: By using formula of roots of quadratic equation we
can solve it.
 17π 17π   5π 5π 
=z 4 2  cos + isin =−2  cos + isin  z12 + z22 - 2z1z2 cos θ = 0
 12 12   12 12 
2
z  z 
 21π 21π   9π 9π  ⇒  1  − 2  1  cos θ + 1 = 0
=z5 2  cos + isin −2  cos + isin 
 =
 12 12   12 12   z2   z2 
 z  2cos θ ± 4 cos2 θ − 4
⇒  1  =
Example 3: Locate the region in the Argand plane for
 z2  2
the complex number z satisfying
π π
(a) |z – 4| < |z – 2| (b) ≤ arg z ≤ B(z)
6 4
Sol: Consider z = x + iy and solve by using properties B(z1)
of modulus and argument.
(a) Let z = x + iy O
|x + iy – 4| < |x + iy – 2| = cos θ ± i sin θ

(x – 4) + y < (x – 2) + y or – 4x + 12 < 0
2 2 2 2
z1
⇒ = | cos θ ± i sin q| – 1
y z2
z1
⇒ =1 ⇒ |z1| = |z2| or OA = OB
z2
x’ x
O Hence points A(z), B(z) and the origin are the vertices of
an isosceles triangle.
y’ x=3
Example 5: Let three vertices A, B, C (taken in clock

eiA −eiB −eiC
wise order) of an isosceles right angled triangle with
right angle at C, be affixes of complex numbers z1, z2, =−1 −eiA eiB −eiC , by (2)
z3 respectively. Show that (z1 – z2)2 = 2(z1 – z3) (z3 – z2). −eiA −eiB eiC
z 2 − z3
Sol: Here = e−iπ /2 . Therefore solve it using
z1 − z3 Take eiA, eiB and eiC common from C1, C2 and C3 and
algebra method. again put ei(A+B+C) = eiπ = –1.
π 1 −1 −1
Given CB = CA and angle ∠C =
2 ∴ ∆ = (– 1) (– 1) −1 1 −1
z 2 − z3 −1 −1 1
= e−iπ /2 or (z3 – z2)2 = i2(z1 – z3)2
z1 − z3
Now make two zeros and expand
(z3 – z2)2 = – (z1 – z3)2
∆ = – 4 which is purely real.
A(z1)
Example 7: Prove that |a + b|2 + |a – b|2

= 2(|a|2 + |b|2). Interpret the result geometrically and
deduce that c + c2 − d2 + c − c2 − d2 = |c + d| + |c
C(z3) B(z2)
– d| ; all numbers involved being complex
or
z32 + z22 – 2z2z3 + z12 + z32 – 2z1z3 = 0 Sol: By using algebra of complex number and modulus
property we can prove given expresson. And then by
Add and subtract 2z1z2, we get using Appolonius theorem we can interpret the result
geometrically.
z12 + z22 – 2z1z2 + 2z32 – 2z2z3 – 2z1z3 + 2z1z2 = 0, or
S = |a + b|2 + |a – b|2
(z1 – z2) + 2[z3(z3 – z2) – z1(z3 – z2)] = 0 or
2
= |a|2+ |b|2 + 2Re(ab) +|a|2+ |b|2 - 2Re(ab) = 2(|a|2 +

(z1 – z2)2 + 2(z3 – z1) (z3 – z2) = 0, or
|b|2) (proved)
(z1 – z2) = 2(z1 – z3) (z3 – z2).
2
Now |a + b|2 + |a – b|2 = 2(|a|2 + |b|2)
Example 6: If A, B, C be the angles of triangle then This is nothing but Appolonius theorem. In DOAB, M
is midpoint of AB on applying Appolonius theorem we
e2iA e−iC e−iB get
prove that e−iC e2iB e−iA is purely real. (b)
−iB −iA 2iC B(a+b)
e e e
Sol: Here A+B+C = π, therefore epi = cos π+i sin π = – 1. M(a)

And by using properties of matrices we can solve this O
problem.
e–pi = – 1 … (i)
A(a - b)
OA2 + OB2 = 2(AM2 + OM2)

ei(B+C) = ei(π–A) = epi e–iA = – e–iA
c+d c−d
e–i(B+C) = – eiA … (ii) Now take a = and b =
2 2
Take eiA, eiB and eiC common from R1, R2 and R3 Then using result
respectively. ∆ = ei(A+B+C)
|a + b|2 + |a – b|2 = 2(|a|2 + |b|2)
iA −i(A + C) −i(A +B)
e e e  2 2
c+d c−d 
e −i(B + C)
e iB
e −i(B + A)
=RHS 2  + = |c + d| + |c – d|
 2 2 
−i(B + C) −i(C + A)
e e eiC  
2
2
 z1 a 1
 c+d c−d  c+d c−d 
L.H.S. 
= +  +  −  we get z 2 b 1 =0
 2 2   2 2 
    z3 c 1
On simplifying we get
Example 9: If b1 + b2 + b3 + b4 = 0 where b1 etc. are
L.H.S. = c + c2 − d2 + c − c2 − d2 non-zero real numbers, sum of no two being zero,
and b1z1 + b2z2 + b3z3 + b4z4 = 0 where no three of the
points z1, z2, z3, z4 are collinear then prove that the four
Example 8: Show that the triangles whose vertices are
point concyclic if b1b2 |z1 – z2|2 = b3b4 |z3 – z4|2.
z1, z2, z3 and a, b, c are
z1 a 1 Sol: Here the four points A, B, C, D will be concyclic if

PA.PB = PC.CD. therefore obtain PA, PB, PC and CD and
similar if z 2 b 1 = 0.
simplify.
z3 c 1
Here b1 + b2 = – (b3 + b4)
Sol: Consider triangle ABC and DEF are similar, therefore Also b1z1 + b2z2 = – (b3z3 + b4z4)
AB BC
= and ∠ABC = ∠DEF.
DE EF b1 z1 + b2 z 2 b3 z3 + b 4 z 4
Dividing these, =
Suppose z1, z2, z3 are given by A, B, C respectively and a, b1 + b2 b3 + b 4
b, c are given by D, E, F respectively. Since the triangle
AB BC z3
ABC and DEF are similar and
z1
= A C
DE EF b2
b4
∠ABC = ∠DEF = α(say)
P b1
 z − z2  a−b
b3
We have ∠B = arg  1
 z − z  = arg  c − b 
z4 z2
 3 2  D B
z1 − z 2 AB
⇒ = (cos α + i sin α) … (i)
z3 − z 2 BC The left side gives the point that divides the line
DE segment joining A(z1), B(z2) in the ratio b2: b1 and the
a−b
and = (cos α + i sin α) … (ii) right side gives the point that divides the line segment
c −b EF
joining the points C(z3), D(z4) in the ratio b4: b3. So the
A(Z1) D(a) line segments intersect at P which is
b1 z1 + b2 z 2 b3 z3 + b 4 z 4
Represented by as well as
b1 + b2 b3 + b 4
Now, AB = |z1 – z2|
B(X2) C(z3) E(b) F(c)
b2 b1
∴ PA
= z 2 ) & PB
(z1 − = (z1 − z 2 )
b1 + b2 b1 + b2
AB DE
Since AB = BC we have =
DE EF BC EF Also, CD = |z3 – z4|
Thus, from (i) and (ii) we get b4 b3

∴ PC
= z 4 ) & PD
(z3 − = (z3 − z 4 )
z1 − z 2 z − z2 a − b b3 + b 4 b3 + b 4
a−b
= ⇒ 1 =0
z3 − z 2 c − b z3 − z 2 c − b The four points A, B, C, D will be concyclic if PA.PB =
PC.CD
z1 − z 2 a−b 0 b1b2 2 b3b 4 2
⇒ z2 b 1 =0 i.e. = z1 − z 2 z3 − z 4
(b1 + b2 )2 (b3 + b 4 )2
z3 − z 2 c −b 0
i.e. b1b2 |z1 – z2|2 = b3b4 |z3 – z4|2
Applying R1 → R1 + R2 and R3 → R3 + R2
(∵ b1 + b2 = – (b3 + b4)}
Example 10: Show that all the roots of the equation 2i sinnθ
= = itannθ . Taking negative sign,
z cos q0 + z cos q1 + z cos q2+......... + z cos qn–1 +
n n–1 n–2
2cosnθ
1 z 2n − 1 −2isin nθ
cos qn = 2 lie outside the circle | z |= where q0, q1 etc. similarly we get = = – i tan nθ
2 z 2n + 1 2cosnθ
are real.
z 2n − 1
∴ = | ± i tan nq| = |tan nq|,
Sol: By using triangle inequality. z 2n + 1
Here |zn cos q0 + zn–1 cos q1 + zn–2 cos q2 + …… + z For |± i| = 1.
cos qn–1 + cos qn| = 2 …. (i)
By triangle inequality. Example 12: Find the complex number z which satisfies
the condition |z – 2 + 2i| = 1 and has the least absolute
2 = |zn cos θ n + 2n–1 cos q1 + 2n–1 cos q2 + ….. + z
value.
cos qn–1 + cos qn | ≤ | zn cos qn| + |zn–1 cos q1|+
Sol: Here z – 2 + 2i = cos θ + i sin θ, therefore by obtaing
|zn–2 cos q2| + …..++ |z cos qn–1| + |cos qn| modulus of z we can solve above problem.
= |zn| |cos qn| + |zn–1| |cos qn| + ……..+ |z| |cos qn–1| + |z – 2 + 2i| = 1
|cos qn| ≤ |z|n + |z|n–1 + …. + |z| + 1 ⇒ z – 2 + 2i = cos θ + i sin θ
(∵ | cos q1| ≤ 1 and |zn+1| = |z|n+1) Where θ is some real number.
1− | z |n+1 1 1 ⇒ z = (2 + cos θ) + (sin θ – 2)i

= < ∴ 2<
1− | z | 1− | z | 1− | z |
⇒ |z| = [(2 + cos θ)2 + (sin θ – 2)2]1/2
1
So 1 – |z| is positive and 1-|z| <
2 = [8 + cos2 θ + sin2 θ + 4(cos θ – sin θ)]1/2
1 1
∴ |z| > 1 – =
1/2
  π 
2 2 = 9 + 4 2 cos  θ +  
  4 
1
∴ All z satisfying (i) lie outside the circle | z |=
2 |z| will be least if cos (θ + π/4) is least, that is, if cos
3π
1 z 2n − 1 (θ + π/4)= – 1 or θ = . Thus, least value of |z| is
Example 11: If z + = 2cos θ , prove that 4
z
= |tan nq|. z 2n + 1
( )  1   1 
1/2
9−4 2 for z =2 −  + i − 2
Sol: By using formula of roots of quadratic equation,  2  2 
we can solve this problem.
Example 13: For every real number c ≥ 0, find all the
1
Here z + = 2 cos θ; complex numbers z which satisfy the equation. 2|z| – 4
z cz + 1 + ic = 0.
∴ z2 – 2 cos θ. z + 1 = 0
Sol: Substitute z = x + iy and equate real and imaginary
2cos θ ± 4 cos2 θ − 4 part to zero.
∴ z= = cos θ ± i sin θ
2
2 x2 + y 2 - 4c (x + iy) + 1 + ic = 0
Taking positive sign, z = cos θ + i sin θ
1 1
∴ = (cos θ + i sin θ)–1 = cos θ – i sin θ ∴ – 4 cy + c = 0 ⇒ y = … (i)
z 4
1 1
2n zn − n 2 x2 + − 4cx + 1 =0 or
z −1 (cos θ + isin θ)n − (cos θ − isin θ)n
∴ = z
=
16
z + 1 zn + 1
2n
(cos θ + isin θ)n + (cos θ − isin θ)n  1 
n 4  x2 +  = (4 cx – 1)
2
z  16 
3
=
cosnθ + isin θ − (cosnθ − isinnθ) 4x2 (4c2 – 1) – 8 cx + =0
cosnθ + isinnθ + (cosnθ − isinnθ 4
π
8c ± 64c2 − 12(4c2 − 1) z3 − z1 z3 − z1 i 4  π π
∴ x= = = e 2  cos + isin 
8(4c2 − 1) z 2 − z1 z 2 − z1  4 4
4c ± 4c2 + 3 ⇒ z3 = z1 + (z2 – z1) (1 + i)

or x = … (ii)
4(4c2 − 1) Similarly z4 = z1 + i(z3 – z1)
x is real as c ≥ 0, z = (x, y) as given by (i) and (ii), c ≥ 0. A(z1) D(z4)
Example 14: Consider a square ABCD such that z1, z2, z3, /4
and z4 represent its vertices A, B, C and D respectively.
Express ‘z3’ and ‘z4’ in terms of z1 & z2.
Sol: Consider the rotation of AB about A through an

π B(z2) C(z3)
angle .
4
π
z3 − z1 z3 − z1 i 4
Therefore = e .
z 2 − z1 z 2 − z1
JEE Main/Boards
Exercise 1
3π
Q.10 If z = 1 + i tan α, where π < α < . find the value
Q.1 Find all non-zero complex numbers z satisfying of |z| cos α. 2
z = iz 2 .
Q.11 If 1, ω, w2 be the cube roots of unity, find the roots
1 + 2i + 3i2
Q.2 Express in the form A + iB. of the equation (x – 1)3 + 8 = 0.
1 − 2i + 3i2
Q.3 Find x and y if (x + iy) (2 – 3i) =(4 + i) Q.12 If |z| < 4, prove that |i z + 3 – 4i| < 9.
(1 + i) x − 2i (2 − 3i)y + i
Q.4 Find x and y if + i
= Q.13 2 + i 3 is a vertex of square inscribed in circle |z –
3+i 3−i
1| =2. Find other vertices.
Q.5 If x = a + b, y = aα + bβ and z = aβ +bα, where α and
β are complex cube roots of unity, show that xyz = a3 + b3. Q.14 Find the centre and radius of the circle formed
by the points represented by z = x +iy satisfying the
1 + 7i |z−α|
Q.6 in the polar form. relation = k(k ≠ 1) where α & β are constant
(2 − i)2 | z −β|
Q.7 Find the square root of – 8 – 6i. complex number’s given by α =α1 + iα2 & β =β1 + iβ2
Q.15 Prove that there exists no complex number z such
Q.8 Find the value of smallest positive integer n, for 1 a
n that | z |< and ∑ ar zr =1 where |ar| < 2.

1 + i 3 r =1
which   =1.
1 −i Q.16 Let a complex number α, α ≠ 11, be a root of
Q.9 Show that the complex number z = x + iy which the equation zp + q – zp – zq + 1 = 0, where p, q are
z − 5i distinct primes. Show that either 1 + α + α2 + ……. +
satisfies the equation = 1 lies on the x-axis. αp–1 = 0 or 1 + α + α2 + ……. + αq–1 = 0, but not both
z + 5i
together.
Q.17 Show that the area of the triangle on the Argand Q.28 If |z| ≤ 1, |w| ≤ 1, show that
diagram formed by the complex numbers: z, iz and
|z – w|2 ≤ (|z| – |w|)2 + (arg z – arg w)2.
1
z + iz is: | z |2 .
2
Q.29 Let A and B be two complex numbers such
Q.18 If iz3 + z2 – z + i = 0 then show that |z| =1. A B
that + = 1, prove that the origin and the points
B A
Q.19 Find the value of the expression represented by A and B form the vertices of an
equilateral triangle.
1(2 – ω) (2 – w2) + 2(3 – ω) (3 – w2) + ….
+ (n – 1) (n – ω) (n – w2) where ω is an imaginary cube Q.30 Let z1, z2, z3 be three complex numbers and a, b, c
root of unity. be real number not all zero, such that a + b + c = 0 and
az1 + bz2 + cz3 = 0.
Q.20 If x =
1
2
( )
5 − 3i , then find the value of Show that z1, z2, z3 are collinear.
x4 – x3 – 12x2 + 23x + 12.
Q.31 If |z – 4 + 3i | ≤ 2, find the least and the greatest
Q.21 Let the complex numbers z1, z2 and z3 be the vertices values of |z| and hence find the limits between which
of an equilateral triangle. Let z0 be the circumcentre of |z| lies.
the triangle. Then prove that: z12 + z22 + z32 = 3z02. z1 − z 2
Q.32 If |z1| < 1 and < 1, then show that |z2| < 1.
1 − z1 z 2
Q.22 If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an isosceles triangle,
right angled at z2, prove that z12 + 2z22 + z32 = 2z2 (z1 + z3). | z |2 − | z | + 1
Q.33 Find the locus of points z if log < 2.
3 2+ | z |
Q.23 Show that the equation
2 2 2
Q.34 For complex numbers z and ω, prove that |z|2ω – |
2
A B C H ω |2 z = z – ω if and only if z = w or zω =1 .
+ + + ...... = x+,
x −a x −b x −c x −h
Where A, B, C, …., a, b, c, …. and  are real, cannot have
imaginary roots. Exercise 2
Single Correct Choice Type
Q.24 Find the common roots of the equation
z3 + 2z2 + 2z + 1 = 0 and z1985 + z100 + 1 = 0. Q.1 |z + 4| ≤ 3, Z∈ C: then the greatest and least value
of |z + 1| are:
Q.25 If n is an odd integer greater than 3 but not a (A) (7, 1) (B) (6, 1) (C) (6, 0) (D) None
multiple of 3, prove that [(x + y)n – xn – yn] is divisible by
xy (x + y) (x2 + xy + y2). Q.2 The maximum & minimum values of |z +1| when |z
+ 3| ≤ 3 are
Q.26 If α and β are any two complex numbers, (A) (5, 0) (B) (6, 0) (C) (7, 1) (D) (5, 1)
show that α + α2 − β2 + α − α2 − β2
Q.3 The points z1 = 3 + 3 i and z2 = 2 3 + 6i are given
= |α + β| + |α – β| on a complex plane. The complex number lying on the
bisector of the angle formed by the vectors z1 and z2 is:
Q.27 Let z1 = 10 + 6i and z2 = 4 + 6i. If z is any complex = (3 + 2 3) 3+2

(A) z + i
z − z1 π 2 2
number such that the argument of is , then
z − z2 4 (B) z = 5 + 5i
prove that |z – 7 – 9i| =3 2 . (C) z = – 1 – I
(D) None of these
Q.4 If z1, z2, z3, z4 are the vertices of a square in that Q.9 If q1, q2, q3 are the roots of the equation, x3 + 64 = 0,
order, then which of the following do(es) not hold q1 q2 q3
good?
then the value of the determinant q2 q3 q1 is:
z1 − z 2
(A) is purely imaginary q3 q1 q2
z3 − z 2 (A) 1 (B) 4
z1 − z3 (C) 10 (D) none of these
(B) is purely imaginary
z2 − z 4
z1 − z 2 Q.10 z = (3 + 7i) (p + iq) where p, q ∈ I – {0} purely

(C) is purely imaginary imaginary then minimum value of |z|2 is
z3 − z 4
(D) None of these 3364

(A) 0 (B) 58 (C) (D) 3364
3
Q.5 Let z1, z2 and z3 be the complex numbers Q.11 On the complex plane triangles OAP & OQR are
representing the vertices of a triangle ABC respectively similar and  (OA) = 1. If the points P and Q denotes the
and a, b, c are lengths of BC, CA, AB. If P is a point complex numbers z1 & z2 then the complex number ‘z’
representing the complex number z0 satisfying: denoted by the point R is given by:
a(z1 – z0) + b(z2 – z0) + c(z3 – z0) = 0, then w.r.t. the z1 z2 z1 + z 2
triangle ABC, the point P is its: (A) z1z2 (B) (C) (D)
z2 z1 z2
(A) Centroid (B) Orthocentre
Q.12 If A and B be two complex numbers satisfying
(C) Circumcentre (D) Incentre
A B
+ = 1 . Then the two points represented by A and B
B A
Q.6 Three complex numbers α, β & γ are represented
in the Argand diagram by the three points A, B, C and the origin form the vertices of
respectively. The complex number represented by D (A) An equilateral triangle
where A, B, C, D form a parallelogram with BD on a
(B) An isosceles triangle which is not equilateral
diagonal is:
(C) An isosceles triangle which is not right angled
(A) α – β + g (B) – α + β + g
(D) A right angled triangle
(C) α + β – g (D) α – β – g
Q.13 The solutions of the equation in z, |z|2 – (z + z ) +

Q.7 If the complex number z satisfies the condition |z| ≥ i (z – z ) + 2 = 0 are:
1
3, then the least value of z + is (A) 2 + i, 1 – i (B) 1 + i, 1 – i
z
(C) 1 + 2i, – 1 – I (D) 1 + i, 1 + i
5 8 11
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
3 3 3
Q.14 If z1 = – 3 + 5i: z2 = – 5 – 3i and z is a complex
number lying on the line segment joining z1 & z2 then
Q.8 Point z1 & z2 are adjacent vertices of a regular
arg z can be:
octagon. The vertex z3 adjacent to z2(z3 ≠ z1) can be
represented by: 3π π π 5π
(A) – (B) − (C) (D)
1 4 4 6 6
(A) z 2 + (1 ± i)(z1 + z 2 )
2 Q.15 The points of intersection of the two curves
1 |z – 3| = 2 and |z| = 2 in an argand plane are:
(B) z 2 + (1 ± i)(z1 − z 2 )
2
1 1
1 (A) (7 ± i 3) (B) (3 ± i 7)
(C) z 2 + (1 ± i)(z 2 − z1 ) 2 2
2
3 7 7 3
(C) ±i (D) ±i
(D) None of these 2 2 2 2
Q.16 Let z to be complex number having the argument Previous Years’ Questions
π
θ, 0 < θ < and satisfying the equality |z – 3i| = 3.
2 Q.1 The smallest positive integer n for which
6 n
Then cot θ – is equal to: 1 + i
z   = 1 , is (1980)
1 −i
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) i (D) – i
(A) 8 (B) 16
Q.17 The locus represented by the equation, |z – 1| + (C) 12 (D) None of these
|z + 1| = 2 is:
(A) An ellipse with foci (1, 0): (– 1, 0) Q.2 The complex numbers z = x + iy which satisfy the
(B) One of the family of circles passing through the z − 5i
equation = 1 lie on (1981)
points of intersection of the circles |z + 1| = 1 z + 5i
(C) The radical axis of the circles |z – 1| = 1 and |z + 1| = 1 (A) The x-axis
(D) The portion of the real axis between the points (B) The straight line y = 5
(1, 0) and (– 1, 0) (C) A circle passing through the origin
(D) None of these
Q.18 Let P denotes a complex number z on the
Argand’s plane, and Q denotes a complex number
Q.3 If z = x + iy and w = (1 – iz) / (z – i), then |w| = 1
π 
2 | z |2 cos  + θ  where θ = amp z if ‘O’ is the origin, implies that, in the complex plane (1983)
 4 
(A) z lies on the imaginary axis
then the DOPQ is:
(B) z lies on the real axis
(A) Isosceles but not right angled
(C) z lies on the unit circle
(B) Right angled but not isosceles
(D) None of these
(C) Right isoscles
(D) Equilateral Q.4 The points z1, z2, z3, z4 in the complex plane are the
vertices of a parallelogram taken in order, if and only if
Q.19 Let z1, z2, z3 be three distinct complex numbers (1983)
satisfying |z1 – 1| = |z2 –1| = |z3 – 1|. (A) z1 + z4 = z2 + z3 (B) z1 + z3 = z2 + z4
If z1 + z2 + z3 = 3 then z1, z2, z3 must represent the (C) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (D) None of these
vertices of:
(A) An equilateral triangle Q.5 If z1 and z2 are two non-zero complex numbers
such that |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, then arg (z1) – arg (z2) is
(B) An isoseles triangles which is not equilateral
equal to (1987)
(C) A right triangle π π
(A) – π (B) – (C) 0 (D)
(D) Nothing definite can be said 2 2
Q.6 The complex numbers sin x + i cos 2x and cos x – i
Q.20 If p = a + bω + cw ; q = b + cω + aw ; and
2 2 sin 2x are conjugate to each other, for (1988)
r = c + aω + bw2 where a, b, c ≠ 0 and ω is the complex (A) x = nπ (B) x = 0
cube root of unity, then:
 1
(C) x =  n +  π (D) No value of x
(A) p + q + r = a + b + c  2
(B) p2 + q2 + r2 = a2 + b2 + c2
Q.7 If ω (≠ 1) is a cube root of unity and (1 +ω)7 = A +
(C) p2 + q2 + r2 = 2(pq + qr + rp)
Bω, then A and B are respectively (1995)
(D) None of these
(A) 0, 1 (B) 1, 1 (C) 1, 0 (D) – 1, 1
Q.8 Let z and w be two non-zero complex numbers z2

such that |z| = |w| and arg (z) + arg(w) = π, then z equals Q.16 If z ≠ 1 and is real, then the point represented
z −1
(1995)
by the complex number z lies (2012)
(A) w (B) – w (C) ω (D) −ω
(A) Either on the real axis or on a circle passing through
the origin.
Q.9 If ω is an imaginary cube root of unity, then
(B) On a circle with centre at the origin.
(1 + ω – ω2)7 is equal to (1998)
(C) Either on the real axis or on a circle not passing
(A) 128 ω (B) – 128 ω (C) 128 w2 (D) – 128 w2
through the origin.
13
Q.10 The value of sum ∑ (in + i−n+1 ) where i= −1 (D) On the imaginary axis.
n=1 n
equals (1998)
Q.17 If z is a complex number of unit modulus and
(A) i (B) i – 1 (C) – i (D) 0 1+z 
argument θ , then arg   equals (2013)
1 + z 
6i −3i 1
Q.11 If 4 3i −1 = x + iy , then (1998) π
(A) −θ (B) θ (C) π − θ (D) −θ
2
20 3 i
(A) x = 3, y = 1 (B) x = 1, y = 1 Q.18 If z is a complex number such that | z | ≥ 2 , then

(C) x = 0, y = 3 (D) x = 0, y = 0 1
the minimum value of z + (2014)
2
Q.12 If z1, z2 and z3 are complex numbers such that 5

(A) Is equal to
2
1 1 1
| z= 2 | | z3 | =
1 | | z= + + 1,
= (B) Lies in the interval (1, 2)
z1 z 2 z3
then |z1 + z2 + z3| is (2000) 5
(C) Is strictly greater than
2
(A) Equal to 1 (B) Less than 1 3 5
(D) Is strictly greater than but less than
2 2
(C) Greater than 3 (D) Equal to 3
Q.19 A complex number z is said to be unimodular if
1 3 |z| = 1. Suppose z1 and z2 are complex numbers such
Q.13 Let ω = − + i , then value of the determinant
2 2 z − 2z 2
that 1 is unimodular and z 2 is not unimodular.
1 1 1 2 − z1 z2
1 −1 − ω 2
ω2 is (2002) Then the point z1 lies on a: (2015)
1 ω2 ω (A) Straight line parallel to y-axis
(A) 3w (B) 3 ω (ω – 1) (C) 3ω 2 (D) 3 ω (1 – ω) (B) Circle of radius 2

(C) Circle of radius 2
Q.14 If ω (≠1) be a cube root of unity and (1 + w2)n =
(D) Straight line parallel to x-axis
(1 + ω4)n, then the least positive value of n is (2004)
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6 2 + 3i sin θ
Q.20 A value of θ for which is purely
1 − 2i sin θ
Q.15 A man walks a distance of 3 units from the origin imaginary, is: (2016)
towards the North-West (N 45° E) direction. From there,  3
π
he walks a distance of 4 units towards the North-West (A) (B) sin−1  
6  4 
(N 45° W) direction to reach a point P. Then, the position  
of P in the Argand plane is (2007)  1  π
(C) sin−1   (D)
 3 3
(A) 3eiπ / 4 + 4i (B) (3 − 4i)eiπ / 4
(C) (4 + 3i)eiπ / 4 (D) (3 + 4i)eiπ / 4
JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1 Q.8 If the expression z5 – 32 can be factorised into linear

and quadratic factors over real coefficients as (z5 – 32)
Q.1 Prove that with regard to the quadratic equation = (z – 2) (z2 – pz + 4) (z2 – zq + 4) then find the value
z2 + (p + ip′) z + q + iq′ = 0 where p, p′, q, q′ are all real. of (p2 + 2p).
(i) If the equation has one real root then q′2 – pp′ q′ +
Q.9 Let z1 & z2 be any two arbitrary complex numbers
qp′2 = 0
then prove that:
1 z z
(ii) If the equation has two equal roots then p2 – q′2 = | z1 | + | z 2 | ≥ (| z1 | + | z 2 |) 1 + 2 .
4q and pp′ = 2q ′. 2 | z1 | | z 2 |
state whether these equal roots are real or complex. Q.10 Let zi (i = 1, 2, 3, 4) represent the vertices of a
square all of which lie on the sides of the triangle with
Q.2 Let z = 18 + 26i where z0 = x0 + iy0 (x0, y0∈ R) is the vertices (0, 0), (2, 1) and (3, 0). If z1 and z2 are purely
cube roots of z having least positive argument. Find the real, then area of triangle formed by z3, z4 and origin
value of x0 y 0 (x0 + y 0 ) . is m (where m and n are in their lowest form). Find the
value of (m + n).
Q.3 Show that the locus formed by z in the equation
z3 + iz =1 never crosses the coordinate axes in the
Q.11 (i) Let Cr ’s denotes the combinatorial coefficients
Argand’s plane.
in the expansion of (1 + x)n, n ∈ N. If the integers
− Im(z)
Further show that | z |= an = C0 + C3 + C6 + C9 + ……
2Re(z)Im(z) + 1
bn = C1 + C4 + C7 + C10 + ……
Q.4 Consider the diagonal matrix An = dia (d1, d2, d3, …. and cn = C2 + C3 + C8 + C11+…..
dn) of order where
i2 π
then prove that
Di =ai–1, 1 ≤ i ≤ n and α =e n ; i= −1 , is the nth root
of unity. (a) an3 + bn3 + cn3 – 3anbncn = 2n.
Let L: represent the value of Tr. (A7)7. (b) (an – bn)2 + (bn – cn)2 +(cn – an)2=2
M: denotes the value of det (A2n+1) + det (A2n). (ii) Prove the identity:
(C0 – C2 + C4 – C6 + ……… )2
Find the value of (L + M).
+ (C1 – C3 + C5 – C7 + ….. )2 = 2n.
[Note: Tr(A) denotes trace of square matrix A]
Q.12 Let z1, z2, z3, z4 be the vertices A, B, C, D

Q.5 Let z1, z2 ∈ C such that z12 + z22 ∈ R. If z1 (z12 – 3z22) respectively of a square on the Argand diagram taken
in anticlockwise direction then prove that:
= 10 and z2(3z12 – z22)=30. Find the value of (z12 + z22).
(i) 2z2 = (1 + i) z1 + (1 – i) z3 & (ii) 2z4 = (1 – i) z1 + (1 + i) z3
Q.6 If the equation (z + 1) + z = 0 has roots z1, z2, ……
7 7
z7, find the value of Q.13 A function f is defined on the complex number by
7 7 f(z) = (a + bi)z, where ‘a’ and ‘b’ are positive numbers.
(a) ∑ Re(Zr ) and ∑ Im(Zr ) This function has the property that the image of each
r =1 r =1
point in the complex plane is equidistant from that
point and the origin. Given that |a + bi| = 8 and that
Q.7 If z is one of the imaginary 7th roots of unity, then
find the equation whose roots are (z + z4 + z2) and u
b2 = where u and v are co-primes. Find the value
(z6 + z3 + z5). v
of (u + v).
Q.14 Prove that Q.21 C is the complex number. f: C → R is defined

(a) cos x+ nC1 cos 2x + nC2 cos 3x + ….. + nCn cos (n + 1) by f(z)= |z3 – z + 2|. Find the maximum value of f(z)
if |z| = 1.
x n+2
x = 2n. cosn .cos  x
2  2  Q.22 Let a, b, c are distinct integers and w, w2 are the
(b) sin x + nC1 sin 2x + nC2 sin 3x + …….. + nCn sin(n + 1) imaginary cube roots of unity. If minimum value of |a +
1
x n+2 bw + cw2| + |a + bw2 + cw| is n 4 where n ∈ N, then find
x = 2 . cos
n n
.sin   x.
2  2  the value of n.
Q.15 Let f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d be a cubic polynomial Q.23 If the area of the polygon whose vertices are the
with real coefficients satisfying f(i)= 0 and f(1 + i) = 5. solutions (in the complex plane) of the equation
Find the value of a2 + b2 + c2 + d2.
x7 + x6 + x5 + x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0
a b +c
Q.16 Let w1, w2, w3, …. wn be the complex numbers. A can be expressed in the simplest form as , find
the value of (a + b + c + d). d
line L on the complex plane is called a mean line for the
points w1, w2, w3, …. wn if L contains the points (complex
n Q.24 If a and b are positive integer such that
numbers) z1, z2, z3, …. zn such that ∑ (zk − ωk ) = 0 . N = (a + ib)3 – 107 i is a positive integer.
k =1
Now for the complex number w1 = 32 + 170i, w2 = Find N.

– 7 + 64i, w3 = –9 + 200i, ω4 = 1 + 27i and ω5 = – 14 + 43i,
Q.25 If the biquadratic x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 (a, b, c, d
there is a unique mean line with y-intercept 3. Find the
∈ R) has 4 non real roots, two with sum 3 + 4i and the
slope of the line. other two with product 13 + i. Find the value of ‘b’.
Q.17 A particle start to travel from a point P on the Q.26 Resolve z5 + 1 into linear and quadratic
curve C1: |z – 3 – 4i| = 5, where |z| is maximum. From
factors with real coefficients. Deduce that:
3
P, the particle moves through an angle tan−1 in π π
4 4 sin cos = 1 .
anticlockwise direction on |z – 3 – 4i| = 5 and reaches 10 5
at point Q. From Q, it comes down parallel to imaginary
axis by 2 units and reaches at point R. Find the complex Q.27 If x = 1 + i 3 : y = 1 – i 3 & z = 2,
number corresponding to point R in the Argand plane.
prove that xp + yp = zp for every prime p > 3.
p
32  10  2qπ 2qπ  
Q.18 Evaluate: ∑ (3p − 2)  ∑  sin − icos Q.28 Dividing f(z) by z – i, we get the remainder i and
q 1 
= p 1=  11 11   dividing it by z + i we get the remainder 1 + i. Find the
remainder upon the division of f(z) by z2 + 1.
Q.19 Let a, b, c be distinct complex numbers
Q.29 (a) Let z = a + b be a complex number, where x
a b c
such that = = = k. and y are real numbers. Let A and B be the sets defined
1−b 1−c 1−a by
Find the value of k.
A = {z| |z| ≤ 2} and
Q.20 Let α, β be fixed complex numbers and z is a B = {z| (1 – i)z + (1 + i) z ≥ 4} .

variable complex number such that
Find the area of the region A ∩ B .
2 2
| z − α | + | z − β | =k
Find out the limits for ‘k’ such that the locus of z is a
circle. Find also the centre and radius of the circle.
1 Q.2 The complex numbers whose real and imaginary

(b) For all real numbers x, let the mapping f(x) = , parts are integers and satisfy the relation zz 3 + z3 z =
350
x −i
form a rectangle on the Argand plane, the length of
where i= −1 . If there exist real number a, b, c and d
whose diagonal is-
for which f(a), f(b), f(c) and f(d) form a square on the
complex plane. Find the area of the square. (A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 25
Q.3 Let z1 and z2 be non-zero complex numbers

Q.30
satisfying the equation, z12 – 2z1z2 + 2z22 = 0.
Column I Column II The geometrical nature of the triangle whose vertices
(A) L et ω be a non-real cube root of unity then (p) 4 are the origin and the points representing z1 & z2.
the number of distinct elements in the set
(A) An isosceles right angled triangle
{(1 + ω + ω 2
}
+ ... + ωn )m |m,n∈N
(B) A right angled triangle which is not isosceles
(C) An equilateral triangle

(B) Let 1, ω, w2 be the cube root of unity. The (q) 5
least possible degree of a polynomial with (D) An isosceles triangle which is not right angled
real coefficients having roots
2ω,(2+3ω),(2+3w2),(2–ω-w2), is Q.4 The set of points on the Argand diagram which

π
satisfy both | z | ≤ 4 & Arg z = is:
3
(C) α=6+4i and β=(2 +4i) are two complex (r) 6 (A) A circle and line (B) A radius of a circle
numbers on the complex plane. A complex
number z. A complex number z satisfying (C) A sector of a circle (D) An infinite part line
z−α π
amp   = moves on the major Q.5 If z1 & z2 are two complex numbers & if
 z −β  6
z1 + z 2 π
segment of a circle whose radius is arg = but |z1 + z2| ≠ |z1 – z2| then the figure
z1 − z 2 2
formed by the points represented by 0, z1, z2 & z1 + z2 is:
(s) 7
(A) A parallelogram but not a square rectangle or a
rhombus
(B) A rectangle but not a square
Exercise 2
(C) A rhombus but not a square
Single Correct Choice Type (D) A square
Q.1 The set of points on the complex plane such that z2

Q.6 If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of the ∆ABC on the
+ z + 1 is real and positive. (where z = x + iy, x, y ∈ R) is:
complex plane & are also the roots of the equation z3 –
(A) Complete real axis only 3az2 + 3bz + x = 0, then the condition for the ∆ABC to
be equilateral triangle is:
(B) Complete real axis or all points on the line 2x + 1 = 0
(A) a2 = β (B) α = b2
(C) Complete real axis or a line segment joining points
(C) a2 = 2β (D) α = 3b2
 1 3  1 3
− , &  − , −  excluding both.
 2 2   2 2  Q.7 Let A, B, C represent the complex numbers z1, z2, z3
   
respectively on the complex plane. If the circumcentre of
(D) Complete real axis or set of points lying inside the the triangle. ABC lies at the origin then the orthocenter
rectangle formed by the lines. is represented by the complex number:
2x + 1 = 0; 2x – 1 = 0; 2y – 3 = 0 & 2y + 3 =0 (A) z1 + z2 – z3 (B) z2 + z3 – z1

(C) z3 + z1 – z2 (D) z1 + z2 + z3
Q.8 Which of the following represents a point in an Q.15 If Ar (r = 1, 2, 3, ….., n) are the vertices of a regular
argand’s plane, equidistant from the roots of equation polygon inscribed in a circle of radius R, then
(z + 1)4 = 16z4?
(A1A2)2 + (A1A3)2 + (A1A4)2 + …+ (A1An)2 =
 1  1   2 
(A) (0, 0) (B)  − ,0  (C)  ,0  (D)  0,  nR 2
 3  3   5 (A) (B) 2nR2
2
π
Q.9 The equation of the radical axis of the two circles (C) 4R2 cot (D) (2n – 1) R2
presented by the equations. 2n
|z – 2| =3 and |z – 2 – 3i| = 4 on the complex plane is: Q.16 If the equation z4 + a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 0,
(A) 3y + 1 = 0 (B) 3y – 1 = 0 where a1, a2, a3, a4 are real coefficients different from
zero has a pure imaginary root then the expression
(C) 2y – 1 = 0 (D) None of these a3 aa
+ 1 4 has the value equal to
a1a2 a2a3
Q.10 Number of real solution of the equation, z3 + iz – 1
= 0 is (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) – 2 (D) 2
(A) Zero (B) One (C) Two (D) Three
Q.17 All roots of the equation (1 + z)6 + z6 = 0
Q.11 A point ‘z’ moves on the curve |z – 4 – 3i| = 2 in (A) Lie on a unit circle with centre at the origin
an argand plane. The maximum and minimum values
(B) Lie on a unit circle with centre at (– 1, 0)
of |z| are:
(C) Lie on the vertices of a regular polygon with centre
(A) 2, 1 (B) 6, 5 (C) 4, 3 (D) 7, 3
at the origin
 π (D) Are collinear
Q.12 Let z = 1 – sin α + i cos α where α ∈ 0,  , then
 2
the modulus and the principle value of the argument of Q.18 Number of roots of the equation z10 – z5 – 992 = 0
z are respectively: with real part negative is:
π α π α (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
(A) 2(1 − sin α ),  +  (B) 2(1 − sin α ),  − 
 4 2  4 2
Q.19 z1 and z2 are two distinct points in argand plane.
π α π α
(C) 2(1 + sin α ),  +  (D) 2(1 + sin α ),  −  az1 bz 2
4 2 4 2 If a |z1| = b|z2|, then the point + is a point on
bz 2 az1
the (a, b ∈ R)
Q.13 z1 and z2 are complex numbers. Then
(A) Line segment [– 2, 2] of the real axis
z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2 (B) Line segment [– 2, 2] of the imaginary axis

Equ. + z1 z 2 + − z1 z 2 =
2 2 (C) Unit circle |z| = 1
(D) The line with arg z = tan–1 2
(A) 2 z1 + z 2 (B) 2 z1 − z 2
 2 2   2 2  Q.20 If ω is an imaginary cube root of unity, then the

(C) 2  z1 + z2  (D)  z1 + z2  value of (p + q)3 + (pω + qω2)3 + (pω2 + qω)3 is
   
(A) p3 + q3
Q.14 If α, β be the roots of the equation u – 2u + 2 = 0 2
(B) 3(p3 + q3)
n n
(x + α ) − (x + β)
and if cot θ = x + 1, then is equal to: (C) 3(p3 + q3) – pq (p + q)
α −β
(D) 3(p3 + q3) + pq (p + q)
sinnθ cosnθ sinnθ cosnθ
(A) (B) (C) (D)
n n n
sin θ cos θ cos θ sinn θ
( ) Q.26 For two complex numbers z1 and z2

x
Q.21 The solution set of the equation 1 + i 3 − 2x =
0
(A) Form an A.P. (B) Form a G.P.

( az1 + bz1 )( cz2 + dz2 ) = ( cz1 + dz1 )( az2 + bz2 )
If (a, b, c, d ∈ R):
(C) Form an H.P. (D) Is a empty set
a c a b
(A) = (B) =
b d d c
Multiple Correct Choice Type
(C) |z1| = |z2| (D) arg z1 = arg z2
Q.22 In the quadratic equation x2 + (p + iq) x + 3i = 0,
p and q are real. If the sum of the squares of the roots
Q.27 Let z1, z2 be two complex numbers represented by
is 8 then
point on the circle |z1| = 1 and |z2| = 2 respectively, then:
(A) p = 3, q = – 1 (B) p = 3, q = 1
(A) Max |2z1 + z2| = 4 (B) Min |z1 – z2| = 1
(C) p = –3, q = – 1 (D) p = – 3, q = 1
1
(C) z 2 + ≤3 (D) None of these
Q.23 Let z1 and z2 be complex numbers such that z1 ≠ z2 z1
and |z1| – |z2|. If z1 has positive real part and z2 has negative
z + z2 Q.28 If α, β any two complex numbers such that
imaginary part, then 1 may be
z1 − z 2 α −β
= 1 , then
1 − αβ
(A) Zero (B) Real & positive
(C) Real and negative (D) Purely imaginary (A) |α| = 1 (B) |β| = 1
(C) α = e iθ , θ ∈ R (D) β = eiθ , θ ∈ R
Q.24 Given a, b, x, y ∈ R then which of the following
statement(s) hold good? Q.29 On the argand plane, let α = – 2 + 3z, β = – 2 – 3z
(A) (a + ib) (x + iy) = a – ib ⇒ x + y = 1
–1 2 2 and |z| = 1. Then the correct statement is:
(B) (1 – ix) (1 + ix)–1 = a – ib ⇒ a2 + b2 = 1 (A) α moves on the circle, centre at (– 2, 0) and radius 3
(C) (a + ib) (a – ib)–1 = x – iy ⇒ |x + iy| = 1 (B) α and β describe the same locus
(D) (y – ix) (a + ib)–1 = y + ix ⇒ |a – ib| = 1 (C) α and β move on different circles

(D) α – β moves on a circle concentric with |z| = 1
Q.25 If z = x = iy = r (cos θ + i sin θ) then the values of
Q.30 The value of in + i–n, for i= −1 and n ∈ I
z is equal to:
is:
(A) ±
1
2
( )
r + x + i r − x for y ≥ 0
(A)
2n
+
(1 + i)2n
(B)
(1 + i)2n
+
(1 − i)2n
(1 − i)2n 2n 2n 2n
(B) ±
1
2
( )
r + x − i r − x for y ≥ 0
(1 + i)2n 2n 2n 2n
(C) + (D) +
2n (1 − i)2n (1 + i)2n (1 − i)2n
(C) ±
1
2
( )
r + x + i r − x for y ≤ 0
Q.31 A complex number z satisfying the equation,

(D) ±
1
2
( )
r + x − i r − x for y ≤ 0
log14 (13 | z 2 − 4i |) + log196
1
0
=
(13 + | z 2 + 4i |)2
(A) Can be purely real
(B) Can be purely imaginary
(C) Must be imaginary
(D) Must be real or purely imaginary
Q.32 Let S be the set of real values of x satisfying the z1 z1′ 1

inequality
(A) z 2 z′2 1 = 0
| x + 1 + 2i | −2
1 − log2 ≥ 0 , then S contains: z3 z3′ 1
2 −1
(B) The two triangles are congruent
(A) [– 3, – 1) (B) (– 1, 1]
(C) The two triangles are similar
(C) [– 2, 2) (D) [1, 2]
(D) The two triangles have the same area.
Q.33 If x = cos α; y = cos β ; z = cos γ ; Where α, β, γ ∈
Q.38 If ‘z’ be any complex number in a plane (|z| ≠ 0)
R, then
then the complex number z for which the multiplication
inverse is equal to the additive inverse is:
(A) ∑× = Π × ⇒ cos (α – β) = 1
(A) 0 + i (B) 0 – i (C) 1 – i (D) 1 + i
x−y α −β
(B) Π 8Π cos
=
z 2 1 − ix
Q.39 Given z =a + bi = ; a, b, x ∈ R, then which of
1 + ix
x+y
(C) Π is real the following holds good?
z
π
(A) – < arg z ≤ 0 (B)– π < arg z ≤ 0
(D) ∑= Im(x) sin ( ∑ α )
(Re)x cos ( ∑ α ) , ∑ = 2
(C) |z| = 1 (D) arg z = π ; |z| = 1
π
Q.34 If xr = cos   for 1 ≤ r ≤ n; r, n ∈ N then:
 2r 
 n   n  Previous Years’ Questions
(A) Lim Re  ∏ xr  = −1 (B) Lim Re  ∏ xr  = 0
n→ ∞ r = 1  n→ ∞ r = 1 
    Q.1 If z is any complex number satisfying |z – 3 – 2i| ≤ 2,
then the minimum value of |2z – 6 + 5i| is …… (2011)
 n   n 
(C) Lim Im  ∏ xr  = 1 (D) nLim Im  ∏ xr  = 0 2π
n→ ∞ r = 1  →∞ r = 1  i
    Q.2 Let ω =e and a, b, c, x, y, z be non-zero complex
3
number such that a + b + c = x, a + bω + cω2 = y,

Q.35 If 1, z1, z2, z3 …… zn–1 be the nth roots of unity and a + bω2 + cω = z. Then, the value of
ω be a non real complex cube root of unity then the
n −1 | x |2 + | y |2 + | z |2
is …… (2011)
product ∏ ( ω − zr ) can be equal to: | a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2
r =1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) – 1 (D) 2

Paragraph (for Q.3, 4, 5)
Q.36 Identify the correct statements(s). Read the following passage and answer the following
questions.
(A) No non zero complex number z satisfies the
equation, z = −4z Let A, B, C be three sets of complex number as defined
below
(B) z = z implies that z is purely real
(C) z = −z implies that z is purely imaginary A = {z: |Im z ≥ 1|}
(D) If z1, z2 are the roots of the quadratic equation B = {z: |z – 2 – i| = 3}

az2 + bz + c = 0 such that Im (z1z2) ≠ 0 then a, b, c must
C = {z: Re ((1 – i)z) + 2 ) (2008)
be real numbers
Q.37 If the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 & z1′, z2′ and z3′ Q.3 The number of elements in the set A ∩ B ∩ C is
are representing the vertices of two triangles such that (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) ∞
z3 = (1 – z0) z1 + z0z2 and z3 ‘ = (1 – z0) z1’ + z0z2’ where
z0 is also a complex number then:
Q.4 Let z be any point in A ∩ B ∩ C . The |z + 1– i|2 + | Q.12 If i= −1 , then

z – 5 – i|2 lies between
334 365
 1 i 3  1 i 3
(A) 25 and 29 (B) 30 and 34 4 + 5 − +  + 3 − + 
 2 2   2 2 
(C) 35 and 39 (D) 40 and 44  
is equal to (1999)
Q.5 Let z be any point in A ∩ B ∩ C and let w any point
(A) l – i 3 (B) – 1 + i 3 (C) i 3 (D) − i 3
satisfying |w – 2 – i|< 3. Then |z| – |w| + 3 lies between
(A) – 6 and 3 (B) – 3 and 6 Q.13 If arg (z) < 0, then arg (– z) – arg (z) equal(2000)
(C) – 6 and 6 (D) – 3 and 9 π π
(A) π (B) – π (C) − (D)
2 2
5 5
 3 i  3 i
Q.6 If z =  +  + −  , then (1982) Q.14 If z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id are complex numbers
 2 2  2 2
    such that |z1| = |z2| =1 and Re ( z1 z2 ) = 0 , then the pair
(A) Re (z) = 0 of complex numbers w1 = a + ic and w2 = b + id satisfied
(B) Im (z) = 0 by (1985)
(A) |w1| = 1 (B) |w2| = 1
(C) Re (z) > 0, Im (z) > 0
(D) Re (z) > 0, Im (z) < 0 (C) Re ( w1 w2 ) = 0 (D) None of these
Q.7 The inequality |z – 4| < |z – 2| represents the region Q.15 Let z1 and z2 be two distinct complex numbers
given by (1982) and let z = (1 – t) z1 + tz2 for some real number t with 0
< t < 1. If arg (w) denotes the principal argument of a
(A) Re (z) ≥ 0 (B) Re (z) < 0 non-zero complex number w, then (2010)
(C) Re (z) > 0 (D) None of these (A) |z – z1| + |z – z2| = |z1 – z2|
Q.8 If a, b, c and u, v, w are the complex numbers (B) arg (z – z1) = arg (z – z2)
representing the vertices of two triangles such that z − z1 z − z1
c= (1–r) a+rb and w = (1 – r) u + rv, where r is a complex (C) =0
z 2 − z1 z2 − z1
number, then the two triangles (1985)
(A) Have the same area (B) Are similar (D) arg (z – z1) = arg (z2 – z1)
(C) Are congruent (D) None of these

Q.16 Match the statements in column I with those in
6 column II. (2010)
 2πk 2πk 
Q.9 The value of ∑  sin 7
− icos
7 
 is (1987)
[Note: Here z takes values in the complex plane and Im
k =1 
z and Re z denote, respectively, the imaginary part and
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) – i (D) i the real part of z.]
Q.10 Let z and w be two complex numbers such that Column I Column II
|z| ≤ 1, |w| ≤ 1 and |z + iw| = |z – iw | = 2, then z equals (A) The set of points z (p) An ellipse with
(1995) satisfying |z-i|z|| = |z + i|z|| 4
(A) 1 or i (B) i or – i (C) 1 or – 1 (D) i or –1 eccentricity
Is contained in or equal to 5
Q.11 For positive integers n1, n2 the value of expression (B) The set of points z (q) The set of points z
n n n2 n
satisfying |z+4|+|z-4|=10 is satisfying Im = z = 0
(1 + i) 1 + (1 + i3 ) 1 + (1 + i5 ) + (1 + i7 ) 2 ,Here i= −1 contained in or equal to
is a real number, if and only if (1996) (C) If |w|=2, then the set (r) The set of points z
(A) n1 = n2 + 1 (B) n1 = n2 – 1 1 satisfying | Im z | ≤ 1
of points z= w − is
w
(C) n1 = n2 (D) n1 > 0, n2 > 0 contained in or equal to
Then the number of distinct matrices in the set S is

(D) If |w| = 1, then the set (s) The set of points z
(2011)
1 satisfying | Re z | ≤ 2
of points z= w + is (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 4 (D) 8
w
contained in or equal to
The set of points z Q.22 Let z be a complex number such that the imaginary
satisfying | z | ≤ 3 part of z is nonzero and a = z 2 + z + 1 is real. Then a
cannot take the value (2012)
1 1 3
2π 2π (A) -1 (B) (C) (D)
Q.17 Let ω be the complex number cos + i sin . 3 2 4
3 3
Then the number of distinct complex number z
1
Q.23 Let complex numbers α and lies on circle
satisfying (2010) α
( x − x0 ) + ( y − y 0 ) r 2 and ( x − x0 ) + ( y − y0 ) =
2 2 2 2
= 4r 2 ,
2
z +1 ω ω
2
respectively. If z=
0 x0 + iy 0 satisfies the equation
ω z+ω 1 = 0 is equal to
ω2 1 z+ω |2 r 2 + 2 , then | α |=
2| z 0 = (2013)
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Q.18 Let z1 and z 2 be two distinct complex numbers 2 2 7 3
and let z = (1 − t ) z1 + t z2 for some real number t with
3 +i
0 < t < 1. If Arg (w) denotes the principal argument of a
nonzero complex number w, then (2010)
Q.24 Let ω =
2
and P =ωn : n = {
1,2,3,..... . Further }
 1  −1 
z ∈ C : Rez >  and H2 =
H1 = z ∈ C : Rez <  ,
(A) | z − z1 | + | z − z 2 |= | z1 − z 2 |  2  2 
where C is the set of all complex numbers. If
(B) Arg ( z − z1=
) Arg ( z − z2 )
z1 ∈ P ∩ H1 , z 2 ∈ P ∩ H2 and O represents the origin,
z − z1 z − z1
(C) =0
z 2 − z1 z2 − z1 then ∠ z1 Oz 2 = (2013)

π π 2π 5π
(D) Arg ( z − z=
1) Arg ( z 2 − z1 ) (A) (B) (C) (D)
2 6 3 6
Q.19 if z is any complex number satisfying z − 3 − 2i ≤ 2

Q.25 Let ω be a complex cube root of unity with ω ≠ 1
, then the minimum value of 2z − 6 − 5i is (2011)
and P = pij  be a n × n matrix with pij = ωi+ j . Then
 
Q.20 Let ω =ei π /3 , and a, b, c, x, y, z be non-zero P2 ≠ 0 , when n = (2013)
complex numbers such that (A) 57 (B) 55 (C) 58 (D) 56
a+b+c=x
Paragraph (for Q.26 and Q.27) (2013)
a + b ω + c ω2 = y
Let S =S1 ∩ S2 ∩ S3 , where
a + b ω2 + c ω = z
  z − 1 + 3 i 
| x |2 + | y |2 + | z |2 S1 ={z ∈ C : | z | < 4} , S2 =
z ∈ C : Im   > 0
Then the value of is (2011)   1 − 3 i  
| a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2
and S3 ={z ∈C : Re Z > 0}
Q.21 Let ω ≠ 1 be a cube root of unity and S be the set
Q.26 Area of S =
of all non-singular matrices of the form
 1 a b 10 π 20 π 16 π 32 π
  2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
 ω 1 c  where each if a, b and c is either ω or ω . 3 3 3 3
ω2 ω 1 
 
Q.27 Min 1 − 3i − z = kπ kπ

z∈S Q.29 For any integer k, =
let αk cos   + i sin  ,
 7   7 
2− 3 2+ 3 3− 3 3+ 3 where i= −1 . The value of the expression.
(A) (B) (C) (D) 12
2 2 2 2
∑ | αk +1 − αk |
k =1
is (2015)
Q.28 Match the following: (2014) 3
∑ | α 4 k −1 − α 4k −2 |
k =1
Column I Column II
(i) The number of polynomials f(x) with (p) 8 −1 + 3 i
non-negative integer coefficients of
Q.30 Let z = , where i= −1 , and r, s ∈ {1,2,3} .
2
degree ≤ 2 , satisfying f (0) = 0 and  −z r z 2s 
1
Let P = 
( )  and I be the identity matrix of order
∫ f ( x )dx = 1 , is  z 2s
 z r 

0
2. Then the total number of ordered pairs (r, s) for which
(ii) The number of points in the (q) 2
P2 = −I is (2016)
interval  − 13, 13  at which
 
( )
f ( x ) sin x2 + cos x2 attains its
= ( ) Q.31 Let a, b ∈  and a2 + b2 ≠ 0.
maximum value, is  1 
Suppose S =z ∈  : z = t ∈  , t ≠ 0  , where
(r) 4  a + ibt' 
2
3x2
(iii) ∫ dx equals i= −1 . If z = x + iy and z ∈ S, then (x, y) lies on
−2 (1 + e )x
(2016)
(s) 0 1  1 
 1/2 (A) The circle with radius and centre  , 0  for
1 + x   2a  2a 
 ∫ cos 2x.log   dx  a > 0, b ≠ 0
  1 − x  
(iv)  −1/2
equals 1  1 
 1/2 1 + x   (B) The circle with radius − and centre  − , 0  for
 ∫ cos 2x.log   dx  a < 0, b ≠ 0 2a  2a 
  1 − x  
 0
(C) The x-axis for a ≠ 0, b = 0
Codes:
(D) The y-axis for a = 0, b ≠ 0
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(A) r q s p
(B) q r s p
(C) r q p s
(D) q r p s
MASTERJEE Essential Questions
JEE Main/Boards JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1 Exercise 1
Q.6 Q.9 Q.15 Q.7 Q.11 Q.13
Q.18 Q.22 Q.24 Q.16 Q.18 Q.25
Q.28 Q.31 Q.34 Q.29 Q.30
Exercise 2 Exercise 2
Q.2 Q.8 Q.10 Q.2 Q.6 Q.9
Q.13 Q.16 Q.18 Q.15 Q.19 Q.22
Q. 25 Q.27 Q.31
Previous Years’ Questions
Q. 33 Q. 36 Q. 39
Q.2 Q.4 Q.7
Q.10 Q. 13 Q.15 Previous Years’ Questions

Q.2 Q.4 Q. 8
Q.11 Q.14 Q.15
Answer Key
JEE Main/Boards
Exercise 1
3 i 5 14
Q.1 z = 0, i, ± – Q.2 – i Q.3
= x = ,y
2 2 13 13
  3π   3π  
Q.4 x = 3, y – 1 Q.6 2 cos   + isin    Q.7 ± (1 – 3i)
  4   4 
Q.8 n = 4 Q.10 – 1 Q.11 – 1, 1 – 2ω, 1 – 2ω2
Q.13 z1 =(1 − 3) + i ; z 2 = −i 3 ; z3 =(1 + 3) − i
 α − K 2β  α + β −K (n − 1)n 2
Q.14 Centre   , radius Q.19 [n + 3n + 4]
2
 1 − K  1 − K2 4
Q.20 5 Q.24 ω, w2
Q.31 3 ≤ | z | ≤ 7 Q.33 Interior of circle x2 + y2 = 25
Exercise 2
Q.1 C Q.2 D Q.3 B Q.4 C Q.5 D Q.6 A Q.7 B
Q.8 C Q.9 D Q.10 D Q.11 A Q.12 A Q.13 D Q.14 D
Q.15 B Q.16 C Q.17 D Q.18 C Q.19 A Q.20 C
Q.1 D Q.2 A Q.3 B Q.4 B Q.5 C Q.6 D Q.7 B
Q.8 D Q.9 D Q.10 B Q.11 D Q.12 A Q.13 B Q.14 B
Q.15 D Q.16 A Q.17 B Q.18 B Q.19 B Q.20 C
JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1
7
Q.2 12 Q.4 7 Q.5 10 Q.6 (a) − , (b) zero Q.7 x2 + x + 2 = 0 Q.8 4
2
Q.10 41 Q.13 259 Q.15 26 Q.16 163 Q.17 (3 + 7i) Q.18 48 (1 – i)
2
Q.19 – ω or –w2 Q.20 k > α − β
Q.21 If (z) is maximum when z = ω, when ω is the cube root unity v and If (z) = 13
Q.22 144 Q.23 8 Q.24 198 Q.25 51
iz 1
Q.26 (z + 1) (z2 – 2z cos 36° + 1) (z2 – 2z cos 108° + 1) Q.28 + + i
2 2
1
Q.29 (a) π – 2; (b) Q.30 A → s; B → q; C → p
2
Exercise 2
Q.1 C Q.2 B Q.3 A Q.4 B Q.5 C Q.6 A Q.7 D
Q.8 C Q.9 B Q.10 A Q.11 D Q.12 A Q.13 D Q.14 A
Q.15 B Q.16 B Q.17 D Q.18 A Q.19 A Q.20 B Q.21 A

Multiple Correct Choice Type
Q.22 B, C Q.23 A, D Q.24 A, B, C, D Q.25 A, D Q.26 A, D Q.27 A, B, C Q.28 A, B, C, D
Q.29 A, B, D Q.30 B, D Q.31 A, B, D Q.32 A, B Q.33 D Q.34 A, D Q.35 A, B, D
Q.36 A, B, C Q.37 A, C Q.38 A, B Q.39 A, B, C, D
Q.1 5 Q.2 3 Q.3 B Q.4 C Q.5 D Q.6 B Q.7 D
Q.8 B Q.9 D Q.10 C Q.11 D Q.12 C Q.13 A Q.14 A, B, C
Q.15 A, C, D Q.16 A → q, r; B → p; C → p, s, t; D → q, r, s, t Q.17 3 Q.18 A, C, D Q.19 5
Q.20 3 Q.21 A Q.22 D Q.23 C Q.24 C, D Q.25 B, C, D Q.26 B
Q.27 C Q.28 C Q.29 4 Q.30 1 Q.31 A, C, D
Solutions
JEE Main/Boards Sol 3: (x + iy)(2–3i) = 4 + i

⇒(2x + 3y) + i(2y– 3x) = 4 + i
Exercise 1
⇒2x + 3y = 4 and 2y – 3x = 1
Sol 1: z = i(z2) ⇒ Let x = a + ib 5 14

⇒x = and y =
13 13
⇒ a – ib = i(a2 – b2 + 2abi)
⇒ a = –2ab and –b = a2 – b2 (1 + i)x – 2i (2 – 3i)y + i
Sol 4: + i
=
a(1 + 2b) = 0 and a = b – b
2 2 3+i 3–i
1 [x + i(x – 2)][3 – i] + [3 + i][2y + i(1 – 3y)]
a = 0 or b = – =
2 10
if a = 0 ⇒ b = 0, 1 [3x + x – 2 + i(3x – 6 – x)] + [6y + 3y – 1 + i(2y + 3 – 9y)]
=
1 3 10
if b = – ,a=±
2 2 4 x – 2 + i(2x – 6) + (9y – 1) + i(–7y + 3)
=
3 i 10
Complex numbers are z = 0, i, ± −
2 2 4x + 9y – 3 + i(2x – 7y – 3)
= =i
10
1 + 3i2 + 2i −2 + 2i 1 − i
Sol 2: = =
1 + 3i2 – 2i −2 − 2i 1 + i 2x – 7y – 3 = 10 and 4x + 9y – 3 = 0
⇒x = 3 and y = –1
1 + i2 − 2i
=  1 − i  1 − i  =
  
= −i
 1 + i  1 − i  1 − i2
Sol 5: x = a + b Solving (i) and (ii), we get

y = αa + bβ a = –1 & b = +3
z = aβ + bα a = 1 & b = –3
α and β are complex cube roots of unity So square root
⇒ αβ = 1, α2 = β, β2 = α = (–1 + 3i) and (1 – 3i)
(as α = ω, β = ω2, α2 = β) ….. (i) n
1 + i
xyz = (a + b)(αa + bβ) (aβ + bα) Sol 8:   =1
1 −i
= (αa2 + αab + βab + b2β) (aβ + bα) (1 + i)2n
=1
= αa3β + αa2bβ + α2bβ2 + ab2β2 [(1 + i)(1 − i)]n
n
+ α2a2b + α2ab2 + ab2aβ + b3αβ (1 + i)2 
(1 + i)2n n
 = 1 ⇒ [2i] = 1
=1⇒ 
= aβ(a3 + b3 + a2b + ab2) + α2(a2b + b2a) 2n 2n 2n
+ β2 (a2b + b2a) ⇒in = 1 ⇒ n = 4, 8, 12
from eqn. (i) Minimum value of n is 4
= a3 + b3 +a2b+ab2+ (a2b + b2a) (α2 + b2)

z − 5i
Sol 9: =1
= a3 + b3 + a2b + ab2 + (a2b + b2a) (–1) z + 5i
= a3 + b3 + a2b + ab2 – a2b – ab2 z = x + iy

⇒|x + i(y – 5)| = |x + i(y+5)|
= a3 + b3 hence proved.
⇒x2 + (y – 5)2 = x2 + (y + 5)2
2 2
1 + 7i (2 + i) (1 + 7i)(2 + i) ⇒y = 0
Sol 6: × =
(2 − i) 2 2
(2 + i) 25
i.e. complex part of z is zero.
(1 + 7i)(3 + 4i) –25 + 25i z is pure real i.e. it lies on x axis.
= =
25 25
z = –1 + i Sol 10: z = 1 + itana
z(θ) = |z|e iq
|z| = 1 + tan2 =
α sec2 =
α sec α
|z| = 1 + 1 =2  π 3π 
For α ∈  , 
1 2 2 
tanθ = = –1
–1 secα < 0 ⇒ |seca| = –seca
3π |z| = –seca
⇒ θ = tan–1(–1) =
4
3π |z|cosα = –1
i   3π   3π  
⇒ z(θ) = 2e 4 = 2 cos   + isin   
  4   4  Sol 11: (x – 1)3 = –8
Sol 7: –8 – 6i= a + ib x – 1 = (–8)1/3
–8 – 6i = a2 – b2 + i(2ab) x – 1 = (81/3)(–1)1/3 ⇒ 1 – x = (8)1/3(1)1/3
⇒a2 – b2 = –8 …… (i) (–x + 1) = 2, 2ω, 2ω2
2ab = – 6 x = –1, 1 – 2ω, 1 – 2ω2
⇒ab = – 3 …… (ii)
Sol 12: |z| < 4  2α − 2β k 2   2α − 2β k 2 

⇒ x2 + y2 + x  1 2 1  +y  2 2

|3 + i(z – 4)| < 9(To prove)  k 2 − 1 
 k − 1 
We know that |z1 + z2| ≤ |z1| + |z2|  k 2β2 + k 2β2 − α2 − α2 
+  1 2 1 2
 =0
|iz + (3 – 4i)| ≤ |z| + |3 – i4|  2
k −1 
|z| < 4 Eqn. of circle
⇒|iz + (3 – 4i)| < 4 + 5  β k2 − α β k2 − α 

with centre as  1 1
, 2 2

 k 2 − 1 k 2 − 1 
⇒|iz + (3 – 4i)| < 9 Hence proved
 α − k 2β 
or  2

Sol 13: 2 + i 3 is vertex of square inscribed in  1 − k 
|z – 1| = 2
(α1 + β1 − k)2 + (α2 + β2 )2 α +β −k
and radius = =
1−k 2
1 − k2
n
1
Sol 15: |z| <
3
and ∑ ar zr = 1 … (i)
r =1
⇒ |a1z1 + a2z2 + a3z3 …… anzn| = 1
|z1 + z2 + z3+ …..zn| ≤ |z1| + |z2| + …..|zn| … (ii)
Here one vertex is A (2, 3) and equation of circle is ⇒ 1 ≤ |a1z| + |a2z2| + |a3z3| …..|anzn|
(x − 1)2 + y 2 =
4
⇒ |a1||z| + |a2||z|2 + |a3||z|3 …..|an||z|n ≥ 1
Radius of the circle is 2. Hence side of the square will
1
be 2 2 . ⇒ |z| + |z|2 …….|z|n ≥
2
Points that lie on the circle and are at a distance 2 2 ⇒ (Limiting case n → ∞)
from A are B (1 − 3,1) and D (1 + 3, −1) . z 1 1
≥ ⇒ z ≥ − (2)
The point C will be the other end of diameter of A. 1− z 2 3
Hence C (0, − 3) . From (i) and (ii), we can say that there is no ‘z’ satisfying
both conditions.
Hence the four vertices are
2 + i 3 , 1 − 3 + i , − 3i and 1 + 3 − i Sol 16: zp+q ‒ zp ‒ zq + 1 = 0

zp(zq ‒ 1).(zq ‒ 1) = 0
z−α (zp ‒ 1).(zq ‒ 1) = 0
Sol 14: =k
z −β zp = 1 or zq = 1
⇒|z – α|2 = k2|z – β| If α is roots, then αo, α, α2,………….. αn-1 also roots of
zp = 1 or zq = 1
α = α1 + iα2, β = b1 + iβ2 Sum of roots = 1 + α + α2 +…………………..+ αn-1 = 0
⇒ (x – α1)2 + (y – α2)2 = k2[(x – B1)2 + (y – β2)2]
Sol 17: z, iz, z + iz
⇒ x2 + α12 + y2 + α22 – 2xα1 – 2yα2
(x, y) (–y, x) (x – y, y + x)
= k2x2 + k2y2 + k2b12 + k2b22 – 2xb1k2 – 2yb2k2
x y 1
1 1
⇒ x (k –1) + y (k –1)+x(2α1 – 2b1k )
2 2 2 2 2
∆= −y x 1 = |–x2 – y2|
2 2
x−y x+y 1
+y(2α2–2b2k2)+k2b12+k2b22–α12–α22=0
1 2 1 2 = (x – 3)[x3 + 2x2 – 6x + 5] + 27
⇒ |D| = (x + y2) = z
2 2
= (x – 3)[(x – 3)(x2 + 5x + 9) + 32] + 27
Sol 18: iz3 + i + z2 – z = 0 = (x – 3)2[x2 + 5x + 9] + 32(x – 3) + 27
iz(z2 + i) + i(z2 + i) = 0 = (x – 3)2[x2 – 3x + 8x – 24 + 33]+32(x – 3)+27
(iz + 1) (z2 + i) = 0 = (x – 3)3 (x + 8) + 33(x – 3)2 + 32(x – 3) + 27
Either z = i or z2 = i = w3(x + 8) + 33(w2) + 32w + 27
If z = I ⇒ |z| = |i| = 1 = w + 1 + 32w + 33w2 + 27
If z 2 =⇒
i | z |2 =1 ⇒ | z |=1 = w + w2 + 32w + 32w2 + 38
Hence, |z| = 1 = –1 – 32 + 38 = 5
Sol 19: 1(2 – w) (2 – w2) + 2(3 – w) (3 – w2) + …… (n – 1) Sol 21: z2 – z1 = (z3 – z1)e–iπ/3
(n – w) (n – w2)
z3 – z2 = (z1 – z2) e–iπ/3
Tn = n(n + 1 – w) (n + 1 – w ) 2
z3 − z1
z 2 − z1
=
= (n + n – nw) (n + 1 – w )
2 2 z3 − z 2 z1 − z 2
= n3 + n2 – n2w2 + n3 + n – nw2 – n2w – nw + nw3 2 2 2

⇒ z1 + z 2 + z3 = z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1
= n3 + n2(2 – w2 – w) + n(1 – w – w2 + 1)  z1 + z 2 + z3 
2
2
  = z 0
= n3+ 3n2 + 3n  3 
Sn = STn = Σ(n3 + 3n2 + 3n) z12 + z 22 + z32 + 2(z12 + z 22 + z32 )

⇒ = z 20
9
= Sn3 + 3Sn2 + 3Sn
⇒ z12 + z 22 + z32 2
= 3 z0
2
 n(n + 1)  3n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 3n(n + 1)
=   + +
 2  6 2 Sol 22: z1 z2 z3 of an isosceles ∆L at z2
z1
n(n + 1)  n(n + 1) 
=  + (2n + 1) + 3
2  2 
n(n + 1) 2
= [n + n + 6 + 4n + 2]
4
n(n + 1) 2
Sn = STn = [n + 5n + 8]
4
z2
(n − 1)n 2 z3
Sn–1 = [n + 1 − 2n + 5n − 5 + 8]
4 Considering z2 at origin
(n − 1)n 2
= [n + 3n + 4] z1-z2
4
1 1
Sol 20: x = (5 − i 3) =(6 − 1 − i 3) =
3+w
2 2
x4 – x3 – 12x2 + 23x + 12
O z3-z2
= x3(x – 3) + 2x2(x – 3) – 6x(x – 3) (z1 – z2) = (z3 – z2)e iπ/2
+ 5(x – 3) + 27 z1 – z2 = (z3 – z2)i

(z1 – z2)2 = –(z3 – z1)2

2 α + α2 − β2 α − α2 − β2
⇒ z1 + z3 + 2z2 = 2z1z3 + 2z1z2
2 2 2
   α + α2 − β2 
⇒ z12 + 2z22 + z32 = 2z2(z1 + z3) =  α + α2 + β2   α + α2 − β2  +  
    
A2 B2 H2  2 2 
 α − α − β  + 2|α – a + b |
2 2 2
Sol 23: + .......... x +  Let x = p + iq
=
x −a x −b x −H  
2  2 2
2
A2 A (p− a) − iq = 2  α + α2 − β2  + 2 β
(p +  ) + iq = ∑ =∑  
(p − a) + iq (p − a)2 + q2
2 2
= 2 α + 2 β + 2 α2 − β2
A2 (p− a) A2q
= ∑ (p − a)2 + q2 − i∑ (p − a)2 + q2 2
= 2 α +2 β +2 α +β α −β
2
Equating the imaginary terms we get = αα + ββ + αβ + αβ + αα + ββ –

2
A q αβ − βα + 2 α + β α − β
q+∑ 0
=
(p − a)2 + q2 2 2
= α +β + α −β +2 α +β α −β
 A2 
⇒ q1 + ∑  =0 2
 (p − a)2 + q2  =  α + β + α − β 

A2 T = α + β + α − β Hence proved
⇒ q = 0 or ∑ (p − a)2 + q2 = −1
Sol 27: z1 = 10 + 6i; z2 = 4 + 6i

Here A, p, a and q are all real hence q = 0 is the only
solution. z − z1 x − 10 + (y − 6)i  (x − 4) − i(y − 6) 
=  
⇒ x cannot have imaginary roots. z − z2 x − 4 + (y − 6)i  (x − 4) − i(y − 6) 
(x − 10)(x − 4) + (y − 6)2 + i (y − 6)(x − 4) + (x − 10)(6 − y)

Sol 24: z3 + 2z2 + 2z + 1 = 0 =
(x − 4)2 + (y − 6)2
⇒ z = –1, ω , ω2
z − z1 π
z1985 + z100 + 1 = 0 arg =
z − z2 4
⇒ z = ω , ω2
⇒ (y – 6)(x – 4)+(x – 10)(6 – y)
Common roots are ω , ω2
= (x – 10) (x – 4) + (y – 6)2
Sol 25: Let f(x,y) = (x+y) – x –y n n n
⇒ (y–6)(x – 4 – x + 10)=x2 – 14x + 40 + (y–6)2
xy(x+y) (x +xy+y ) = (x-0)(y-0)(x+y)(x-wy)(x-w y)
2 2 2
⇒ 6(y – 6) = x2 – 14x + 40 + y2 + 36 – 12y
f(x=0)=0 and f(y=0)=0
⇒ x2 + y2 – 18y – 14x + 112 = 0
f(y=–x)=(x–x)n–(x)n–(–x)n=0
f(x=wy)=(wy+y)n–wnyn–yn ; = yn[w2n + wn +1] = 0 ⇒ (x – 7)2 + (y – 9)2 = 18
Similarly f(x=w2y)=0 ⇒ |z – 7 – 9i| = 3 2

∴ f(x) is divisible by xy(x+y)(x2+xy+y2)
( z − w )( z − w )
2
Sol 28: z − w =
Sol 26: T = α + α2 − β2 + α − α2 − β2 2 2
= z + w − z w − zw + 2 z w − 2 z w
( )
2 2 2
T2 = α + α2 − β2 + α − α2 − β2 + = z −w − z w − zw + 2 z w
Let z = r1cosθ1; w = r2cosθ2

z1 – z2 = k1(z3 – z2)
(z − w)
2
= − 2r1r1 cos ( θ1 − θ2 ) + 2r1r2
⇒ z1, z2 and z3 are collinear (by vector)
  θ − θ 
( )
2
=z − w + 2r1r1  2sin2  1 2  
 
  2  Sol 31: |z – 4 + 3i| ≤ 2
2
 θ − θ2 
( )
2
=z − w + 4r1r1  sin 1 
 2 
We know, sin θ ≤ θ and r1, r2, ≤ 1

2
 θ − θ2 
( )
2
≤ z −w + 4 ×  1 
 2 
( ) + ( θ1 − θ2 )2
2
≤ z −w
( ) + (arg z − arg w )
2 2
≤ z − w
The shaded area show z
Min and max value = Distance of centre from origin ±
A B radius
Sol 29: + = 1
B A
= 5 ± 2 = 3, 7
A2 + B2 = AB
⇒ 3 ≤ |z| ≤ 7
A B
= 1−
B A
R z1 − z 2
A A −B Sol 32: <1
= 1 − z1 z 2
B A
2 2
lA-Bl z1 − z 2 < 1 − z1 z 2
lRl
A2
= A −B (z1 – z2) (z1 − z2 ) < (1 − z1 z 2 )(1 − z1 z2 )
B
lAl ⇒ |z1|2 + |z2|2 – z1 z2 – z1 Z2
2 O A
B
= B−A < – z1 z2 – z2 z1 + |z1|2|z2|2 + 1
A
⇒ |z1|2 – 1 < (|z1|2 – 1) |z2|2
2 2
A B
A −B = B − A ⇒ = 2
z1 − 1
B A
|z2| <
2
2
⇒|A | = |B |3 3 z1 − 1
⇒|A| = |B| = |A – B| |z2|2 < 1 ⇒ |z2| < 1
i.e. all sides are equal it forms an equilateral D

 z 2 − z + 1
Sol 30: a + b + c = 0 ⇒ b = –a – c Sol 33: log  <2
3  z +2 
az1 + bz2 + cz3 = 0  
2
z − z +1
az1 + cz3 – (a + c)z2 = 0 <3
z +2
az1 + cz3
z2 = ⇒ |z|2 – |z| + 1 < 3|z| + 6
a+c
⇒a(z1 – z2) + c(z3 – z2) = 0 ⇒ |z2| – 4|z| – 5 < 0
−c
⇒(z1 – z2) = (z3 – z2) ⇒ (|z| + 1) (|z| – 5) < 0
a
⇒ |z| + 1 ≥ 0 z1
So (|z| – 5) < 0 z3
Interior of circle x2 + y2 = 25

z2
Sol 34: |z| ω – | ω 2|z = z – ω
2
zˆ 3 = zˆ 2e ; zˆ 1 = zˆ 3eiθ
iθ
⇒ zzω − ωωz = z − ω
24i
zˆ 32 = zˆ 1 zˆ 2 =
⇒ z ω (z − ω) = z – ω 24
⇒ z(zω − 1) = ω(z ω − 1) ….. (i) 1+i

ẑ3 = i=
2
⇒ z(zω − 1) = ω(z ω − 1) 1+i
Unit vector along bisector is , complex number
⇒ Either z ω = zω = 1 or z = ω 2
lying along this vector is 5(1+i)
x ω
= ⇒ zz = ωω ⇒ |z| = | ω |
ω z Sol 4: (C) z1, z2, z3, z4 vertices of square
|z| ( ω – z) = (z – ω )
2
z1 – z2 = i2Im(z1)
( ω – z) (|z| + 1) = 0 ⇒ ω = z
2
z3 – z2 = –2Re(z1)
Exercise 2
z1(x+iy)
z4(-x+iy)

z3(-x-iy) z2(x-iy)
Sol 1: (C) z + 4 ≤ 3 Least and greatest value of |z + 1|
z1 − z 2
is imaginary
z3 − z 2
z2 – z4 = [–x + iy – (x – iy)]
-4 = 2Re(z) – i2lm(z)
z1 – z3 = 2x + 2iy = 2Re(z) + i2Im(z)
i.e. distance of z from (–1, 0) z1 − z3 2x + 2iy x + iy x2 − y 2 + 2ixy
= = =
Least is 0; maximum is 2r = 6 z 2 − z 4 2x − 2iy x − iy x2 + y 2
(x = y as it is aqueous)
Sol 2: (D) |z + 3| ≤ 3 Least & greatest value of |z + 1|
ie its minimum and maximum distance from (–1,0) is 1 2ixy
= (Purely Imaginary)
and 5. x + y2
2
az1 + bz 2 + cz3
Sol 5: (D) = z0
(-3,0)(-1,0) a+b+c
A(z1)
Sol 3: (B) z1 = 3 + i 3
c b
z2 = 2 3 + 6i
B(z2) a C(z3)
z0 is incentre.
Sol 6: (A) δ – γ = α – b[parallel vector] |z3| = 1 ⇒ | z | =

| z1 z 2 |
δ=α+γ–β ⇒ z = z1z2
D() A()
A B
Sol 12: (A) + =1
B A
A
C() B() Let y =
B
1
Sol 7: (B) z ≥ 3 y+ 1
=
y
1 1 1 8
z+ ≥ z − =3– = ⇒ y2 − y + 1 =0
z z 3 3
1+ i 3
⇒y=
2
Sol 8: (C)
iπ iπ A 1+ i 3
⇒ =

± z3

± z2
z 2 = z1e 4
z3 = z 2e 4 B 2
/4 z1
(1 ± i) A
z3 – z2 = (z2 – z1) ⇒ 1
= A
2 B

(1 ± i) From Rotation Theorem
z3 = z2 + (z2 – z1)
2 A A iθ B
= e
B B O
Sol 9: (D) x3 = (4)3 (–1)1/3
1+ i 3
x = –4, –4w, –4w2 ⇒ eiθ =
2
q1 q2 q3 −4 −4ω −4ω2 ⇒ θ =60o
2
q2 q3 q1 = −4ω −4ω −4
and A = B ⇒ ∠OAB = ∠OBA = 60o
q3 q1 q2 −4ω2 −4 −4ω
⇒ AOB is equilateral triangle
2
1 ω ω 0 0 0
2 2
= –64 ω ω 1 = –64 ω ω 1 =0 Sol 13: (D) |z|2 – (z + z ) + i(z – z ) + 2 = 0
2 2
ω 1 ω ω 1 ω
z z – (z + z ) + i(z – z ) + 2 = 0
Let z = a + ib
Sol 10: (D) z = (3 + 7i) (p + iq) is purely imaginary.
a2 + b2 – 2a + i(i2b) + 2 = 0
⇒ 3p – 7q = 0
a2 – 2a + 1 + b2 – 2b + 1 = 0
7q
⇒p= (a – 1)2 + (b – 1)2 = 0
3
2
|z|2 = |3 + 7i|2 |p + iq|2 = 58  p2 + q2  ⇒a=b=1
 
for minimum |z|, q = 3, p = 7 ⇒z=1+i
|z|2 = 58(49+9) = 3364
Sol 14: (D) z1 = –3 + 5i
Sol 11: (A) R(z) Q(z2)

P(z1) z2 = –5 – 3i
A(z3) Eqn of line y = 4x + 17

z1 z z1 z 2
= ⇒z=  4x + 17   17 
z3 arg z = tan–1 
z3 z 2  = tan 4 +
–1

 x   x 
 −5 −3  = |z|[(cosθ – sinθ) + i(sinθ + cosθ)]

x ∈ [–3, –5] ⇒ arg z ∈ tan−1 , tan−1 
 3 5  |z|i
= |z|[(cosθ+isinθ)+ (–sinθ + icosθ)]
 5π  i
Only option left is   |z|
 6  = |z| [cosθ + isinθ] + [–cosθ – isinq]
i
Sol 15: (B) | z − 3=| 2 : ( x − 3) + y=
22
4 = P + iP
2 2
| z=| 2 : x + y = 4  Q −P  π
⇒ arg  =
 P  2
Points of intersection lie on the radical axis S1 − S2 =
0
This is right angle triangle with |P| = |Q–P| and right
angle at P.
3 2
Sol 19: (A) |z1 – 1| = |z2 – 1| = |z3 – 1|
2
z 1 + z 2 + z3 = 3
Centroid is at z = 1
3
Radical axis is x =
2
z1
z2
x +y =4
2 2
9 9
⇒ + y2 =
4 ⇒ y2 = 4 –
4 4
7 ± 7
⇒ y2 = ⇒y=
4 2 Distance of vertical z1 , z 2 and z3 from centroid is same,
3 i 7 which mean centroid coincides with circumcenter.
Complex no. is ±
2 2 Therefore, ∆ is equilateral.
Sol 16: (C) |z – 3i| = 3 ⇒ (x)2 + (y – 3)2 = 9 Sol 20: (C) p = a + bw + cw2
y q = b + cw + aw2
⇒ tanθ =
x
6 x 6(x − iy) r = c + aw + bw2
x 6(x − iy)
cotθ = – = −
z y (x + iy)(x − iy) y x2 + y 2 p + q + r = a(1 + w + w2) + b(1 + w + w2)
x2 + y2 = 6y + c(1 + w + w2)
x 6(x − iy) = (a + b + c) (1 + w + w2) = 0
⇒ − =i
y 6y
p2+q2+r2=(p + q + r)2 – 2pq – 2qr – 2rp
Sol 17: (D) |z – 1| + |z + 1| = 2 = –2(pq + qr + rp)
pq + qr + rp = ab + acw + a2w2 + b2w2 + b2w + bcw2 +

abw3 + cbw2 + c2w3 + caw + …….
(-1,0) (1,0)
= ab+2acw+ab+c2+(a2+2bc)w2+b2w
The portion of real axis between (–1,0) & (1,0) as the = 2ab + c2 + 2acw + (b2 + 2bc)w2 + a2w + 2bc + a2 +
distance between both the point is 2 2baw + (b2 + 2ac)w2 + c2w + 2ac + b2 + 2bcw + (c2 +
a2 + 2ab)w2
2 π 
Sol 18: (C) Q = 2 z cis  + θ  = (2ab + 2bc + 2ac) (1 + w + w2)
4 
+ (c2 + b2 + a2) (1 + w2 + w)
 π  π 
= |z| 2 cos  + θ  + isin  + θ  
 4  4  p2 + q2 + r2 = 0 = 2(pq + qr + rp)
Previous Years’ Questions ⇒

z1 + z3
=
z2 + z 4
⇒ z1 + z3 = z2 + z4
2 2
n
1 + i
Sol 1: (D) Since,   =1 Sol 5: (C) Given, |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|
1 −i
On squaring both sides, we get
n
1 + i 1 + i
⇒  × 1
 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2|z1| |z2|cos (arg z1 – z2)
1 −i 1 +i
n = |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2|z1| |z2|
 2i 
⇒   = 1 ⇒ in=1
2 ⇒ 2|z1| |z2| cos (arg z1 – arg z2) = 2 |z1| z2|
The smallest positive integer n for which in = 1 is 4
⇒ cos (arg z1 – arg z2) = 1
∴n=4
⇒ arg (z1) – arg (z2) = 0
z − 5i
Sol 2:(A) Given, =1
z + 5i Sol 6: (D) Since, sin x + i cos 2x
⇒ |z – 5i| = |z + 5i| = cos x – i sin 2x
(if |z – z1| = |z – z2|,
⇒ sin x –i cos 2x = cos x – i sin 2x
Then it is a perpendicular bisector of z1
⇒ sin x = cos x and cos 2 x = sin 2 x < x
y
⇒ tan x = 1 and tan 2x = 1
π π
(0,5) ⇒x= and x = which is not possible at same time.
x’ 4 8
x
Hence, no such value exists.
(0,-5)
Sol 7: (B) (1 + ω)7 = (1 + ω) (1 + ω)6

y’
= (1 + ω) (–ω 2)6
∴ Perpendicular bisector of (0, 5) and (0, – 5) is x-axis.
=1+ω
⇒ A + Bω = 1 + 0 ⇒ A = 1, B = 1
Sol 3: (B) Since, |w| = 1
1 − iz
⇒ = 1 ⇒ |z – i| = |1 – iz| Sol 8: (D) Since, |z| =|w| and arg (z) =π – arg(w)
z −i
⇒ |z – i| = |z + i| Let w = reiθ, then ω = re–iθ
∴ z re
= =( ) rei π .e−i θ
π−θ
(∵ |1 – iz| = |– i| |z + i| = |z + i|)
∴ It is a perpendicular bisector of (0, 1) and (0, –1) = – re–iθ = – ω
i.e., x-axis ∴ z lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line joining
Thus, z lies on real axis. –iw and – iω is the mirror image of – iw in the x-axis,
the locus of z is the x-axis
Sol 4: (B) Since, z1, z2, z3, z4 are the vertices of parallelogram.
Letz = x + iy and y = 0
D(z4) C(z3)
Now,|z| ≤ 1 ⇒ x2 + 02 ≤ 1
⇒–1≤x≤1 ….. (i)
∴ z may take values given in (i).
A(z1) B(z2)
Sol 9: (D)
∴ Mid-point of AC = mid-point of BD (1 + ω − ω2 )7 = ( −ω2 − ω2 )7 ( 1 + ω + ω2 = 0)
=( −2ω2 )7 =( −2)7 ω14 =−128ω2
Sol 10: (B) Applying R 2 → R1 : R3 → R3 − R1

13 13 13
1 1 1
∑ (in + in+1 ) =∑ in (1 + i) =(1 + i) ∑ in
2 2
=n 1=n 1 =n 1 = 0 −2 − ω ω −1
2 3 13  i(1 − i)  2
= (1 + i)(i + i + i + ..... + i ) = (1 + i)   0 ω −1 ω−1
 1−i 
=(1 + i)i =−1 + i = ( −2 − ω )(ω − 1) − (ω2 − 1)2
2
=−2ω + 2 − ω3 + ω2 − (ω4 − 2ω2 + 1)

Alternate solution: = 3ω2 − 3ω = 3ω(ω − 1) ( ω4 = ω)
Since, sum of any four consecutive powers of iota is
zero.
Sol 14: (B)
13
∴ ∑ (i + i n n+1 2 13 2 3
) =(i + i + ..... + i ) + (i + i + ..... + i ) 14
Given, (1 + ω2 )n= (1 + ω4 )n
n=1
⇒ ( −ω)n = ( −ω2 )n (ω3 = 1 and 1 + ω + ω2 = 0)
=i + i2 =i − 1
⇒ ωn =1
⇒ 3 is the least positive value of n.
n=
Sol 11: (D)
6i −3i 1 Sol 15: (D) Let OA=3, so that the complex number
Given, 4 3i −1 = x + iy associated with A is 3eiπ / 4 . If z is the complex number
20 3 i associated with P, then
6i 1 1 z − 3eiπ / 4 4 −iπ /2 4i
= e = −
⇒ − 3i 4 −1 −1 = x + iy 0 − 3e iπ / 4 3 3
20 i i ⇒ 3z − 9eiπ / 4 =
12ieiπ / 4
⇒ x + iy =
0 ( C2 and C3 are identical) ⇒ z =(3 + 4i)eiπ / 4
⇒ x=
0, y =
0 y
p
Sol 12: (A) 4

i/4
Given, | z=
1 | | z=
2 | | z=
3 | 1
3e
A
Now, | z1 |= 1
3
⇒ | z1 |2 =
1
/4
⇒ z1 z 2 =
1, z3 z3 =
1 x’
x
O
1 1 1
Again now, + + 1
= y’
z1 z 2 z3
⇒ | z1 + z 2 + z3 |=
1 z2
Sol 16: (A) Given: is real
⇒ | z1 + z 2 + z3 | =
1 z −1
⇒ | z1 + z 2 + z3 |=
1 Let z = a + ib, then
( a + ib ) a2 − b2 + 2aib × ( a − 1) − ib

2
z2
Sol 13: (B) =
=
( a − 1 ) + ib  ( a − 1 ) − ib 
z − 1 a + ib − 1    
1 1 1
Let =
∆ 1 −1 − ω 2
ω2 ⇒
( )
−b a2 − b2 + 2ab ( a − 1 )
0
=
( a − 1 ) + b2
2
1 ω2 ω
⇒ − a2b + b3 + 2a2b − 2ab =0

⇒ a2b + b3 − 2ab =
0
(
⇒ b a2 + b2 − 2a =
0 )
b 0 or a2 + b2 −=
⇒= 2a 0 2 + 4i sin θ + 3 i sin θ − 6 sin2 θ
=
1 + 4 sin2 θ
⇒ Either real axis or circle passing through origin.
2 − 6 sin2 θ
Given =0
1+z  1 + 4 sin2 θ
Sol 17: (B) Let θ =arg  
1 + z  1
  ⇒ sin2 θ =
1+z  3
⇒ θ = arg   {| z |= 1 ⇒ z z = 1} 1
1 + 1  ⇒ sin θ = ±
  3
 z
 1  −1  1 
⇒ θ =arg ( z ) =⇒ θ sin−1   , − sin  
 3  3
1
Sol 18: (B) Given: The expression z + and z ≥ 2
2
Using triangle in equality JEE Advanced/Boards
z1 + z 2 ≥ | z1 | − | z 2 |
Exercise 1
1 1
⇒ z+ ≥ | z |− Sol 1: z2 + (p + ip’)z + (q + iq’) = 0
2 2
One real root
1 1
⇒ z+ ≥ z−
2 2 (z2 + pz + q) + i(p’z + q’) = 0
If z is real
1 3
⇒ z+ ≥ lies in (1, 2) −q'
2 2 P’z = –q’ ⇒ z =
p'
z2 + pz + q = 0
Sol 19: (B) z1 − 2z 2 = 1
2 − z1 z2 q'2 pq'
− +q=0
⇒ z1 − 2z 2 =2 − z1 z2 p' 2 p'
q'2 − pp'q'+ qp'2 =
0
⇒ ( z1 − 2z 2 )( z1 − 2 z2 ) =( 2 − z1 z2 )( 2 − z1 z 2 )
If eqn. has 2 equal roots
2 2
⇒ z1 − 2 z1 z2 − 2 z1 z 2 + 4 z 2
(p + ip’)2 = 4(q + iq’)
2 2
4 − 2 z1 z 2 − 2z1 z2 + z1
= z2 2
p= − p'2 4q and
= p'2 4q2
2 2 2 2
⇒ z1 + 4 z 2 4 z2
=+ z1 −(p + ip')
The roots are i.e. roots (equal) are imaginary.
2
⇒ z1 +  1 − z 2  − 4  1 − z 2  =
2 2 2
0
   
Sol 2: z = 18 + 26i
⇒  1 − z 2   z1 − 4  =
2 2
0 z0 = x0 + iy0 is cube root of z
  
z0 = (r{cosθ + isinq})1/3 = r1/3 eiθ/3
⇒ z1 = 4
2
{ z2 ≠1 }
 θ θ
⇒ z1 =
2 = r1/3  cos + isin 
 3 3 
2 + 3i sin θ r = (1000)1/2
Sol 20: (C)
1 − 2i sin θ r1/3 = (103/2)1/3 = 101/2
=
( 2 + 3i sin θ )(1 + 2i sin θ ) cosθ =
18
sinθ =
26
1 + 4 sin2 θ 1000 1000

cosθ = 0.57, sinθ = 0.82 2 π7(0)

i
(A7) =
7 e 7 + ei2π(1) + .......ei2π(6)
θ θ
cosθ = 3cos – 4cos3  
3 3 =cos0+isin0 + cos2π + isin2π…cos6π + isin6p
0.57 = 3t – 4t3
= [1+1 + …….. 7 times + i (0 + 0……….)] = 7
θ
cos   = 0.2, 0.74, 0.95 i
2π
(K −1)
π  (2n+1)
i  2n

−2n 
3 det A2n = ∏ e 2n = e n 2 
θ
cos = 0.95
3 πi  4n2 −2n 
π
n 2  i(2n2 −n)
θ = e   = en = eiπ(2n – 1)
sin = 0.3162
3 det A2n+1 = ei2pn
z= 10 (0.95 + i 0.3162) = 3 + i det A2n + det A2n+1 = eiπ(2n – 1) + ei2pn
x0 = 3, y0 = 1 =cos(2n–1)π + isin(2n–1)π + cos2nπ + isin2np
x0y0(x0 + y0) = 3.4 = 12 M=0⇒L+M=7
Sol 3: z3 + iz = 1 Sol 5: z1(z12 – 3z22) = 10

z(z2 + i) = 1 z2(3z12 –z22) = 30
z can never be Purely real as (z2 + i) will be imaginary z1 = a + ib,Z2 = c + id
which multiplied with z will not be a real number,
0 as z12 + z22 is real
ab + cd =
hence its locus will never cut x-coo axis Z can never be
imaginary (pure) as (z2 + i) will be of form (a + ib) which ⇒ z13 – 3z1z22 + 3z12z2 – z23 = 40
multiplied by z, cannot form 1 (real) therefore its locus
⇒ z12(z1 + 3z2) – z22(z2 + 3z1) = 40
can never cut y axis.
⇒ (z1 + iz2)3 = z13 + iz23 – 3z12iz2 – 3z1z22
z(z2 + i) = 1
= 10 – 30i
(x + iy) [x2 – y2 + i(2xy + 1)] = 1
⇒ (z1 + iz2)3 = 10 + 30i
x3–xy2+i(2x2y+x+x2y–y3) – 2xy2 – y = 1
⇒ ((z1 + iz2)2)3 = 1000 ⇒ z12 + z22 = 10
x3–xy2–2xy2–y+i(3x2y+x–y3) = 1
x3 – 3xy2 – y = 1 & 3x2y + x – y3 = 0 Sol 6: (z + 1)7 + z7 = 0 has roots z1 …….. z7
x(x – 3y ) = 1 + y & y(y – 3x ) = x
2 2 2 2
Re(z1) + Re(z2) ……… Re(z7) = ?
1 1 + y x  1  y + x2 + y 2 
|z|2= −  +  ⇒ |z|2 = −   (z + 1)7 = (–z)7
2 x y 2  xy 
( ( a + 1) + ib ) = ( −a − ib )7
7
⇒
1   2xy + 1  − y
|z|2 = − y + | z |2  ⇒ |z|2  =
2xy    2xy  2xy One of the solution is
−1
−Im(z) ⇒ a + 1 = –a ⇒ a = and b = 0
⇒ |z| = 2
2Re(z)Im(z) + 1 −1
⇒z=
2
−7
Sol 4: An = dia(d1, d2, ……dn) z1 + z2 + z3 ……. z7 = + i(0)
2
di = ai-1; α = ei2π/n −7
Re(z1 +……….+ z7) =
2
2π
⇒ dn = i (n−1) Im (z1 + z2 …+ z7) = 0
e n
L = Tr(A7)7
Sol 7: z = (1)1/7
M = det A(2n+1) + det(A2n)
α + β = (z + z2 + z3 + z4 + z5 + z6) = (-1) = -1
αβ = (z + z4 + z2) (z3 + z5 + z6) a = 2c; b = 3c; b + c = 3

3 3 9
= z4 + z6 + z7 + + z7 + z9 + z10 + z5 + z7 +z8 4c = 3 ⇒ c = ,a = ,b =
4 2 4
= z 4 + z6 + 3 + z5 + z + z 3 + z2
0 0 1
= 3 + z + z 4 + z6 + z5 + z3 + z2 = 3 – 1 = 2
1 9 3
∆(0, z3, z4) = 1
Eqn → x2 + x + 2 = 0 2 4 4
3 3
1
Sol 8: z5 – 32 = z5 – 25 2 4
1 3 3 9 m
= (z – 2) (z2 – pz + 4) (z2 – qz + 4) = × × = =
2 4 4 32 n
= z5 + z4(–q – p – 2) + z3(+pq + 8 + 2p + 2q) + z2(–4p ⇒ m + n = 32 + 9 = 41
– 4q + (pq + 8) –2)
+ z(16 + 8p + 8q) – 32 = 0 Sol 11: (1 + x)n

an = C0 + C3 + C6 + …….C9
⇒p+q+2=0
bn = C1 + C4 + ………
2p + 2q + 8 + pq = 0
cn = C2 + C5 + C8 + ………..
⇒ pq + 4 = 0 ⇒ pq = –4
a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc
4
p + q = –2 ⇒ p – = –2 (1+x)n = C0 + C1x+ C2x2+ C3x3……..Cnxn
p
⇒ p2 + 2p – 4 = 0 2n = C0 + C1 + C2 + ……..Cn
⇒ p2 + 2p = 4 (1+w)n = C0+w(C1 + C4 + C7 + ……..)

+ w2(C2 + C5 + C8 + ……..) + C3 + C6 ……
Sol 9: z + z ≥ 1 z + z z1 z2 (1 + w2)n = C0 + w2(C1 + C4 + C7 ……)

1 2
2 1 2 ( ) z1
+
z2
RHS + w(C2 + C5 + C8 + …..) + C3 + C6 …….
1 z1 z2 2n+ (1 + w)n + (1 + w2)n = 3(C0 + C3+C6 …)

(
z + z2
2 1
) z1
+
z2 2n+ (–w2)n + (–w)n = 3(C0 + C3+C6 …)
z1 z2 z1 z2 2nw2 + w(–w2)n + (–w)n = 3w2(C1 + C2+C7 …)

+ ≤ 2
=
z1 z2 z1 z2
2n + ( −ω2 )n + ( −ω)n
an =
1 1 z1 z2
2
(
× 2 z1 + z 2 ≥ )
z + z2
2 1
( ) z1
+
z2
3
2n ω2 + ω( −ω2 )n + ( −ω)n
bn =
1 z1 z2 3ω2
z1 + z 2 ≥
2 1
(
z + z2 ) z1
+
z2
ω2 2n + ( −ω2 )n + ω( −ω)n
cn =
Sol 10: 3ω2
z1 − z 2 iπ /2
Sol 12: = e= i
z4
(2,1)
z3 z3 − z 2
z1 − iz3 z1 (1 + i) + z3 (1 − i)
(0,0) z1 z2 (3,0) = z 2 ⇒ Z2 =
1−i 2
z1 − z 4
z1 = (a, 0), z2 = (b, 0), z3 = (b, c), z4 = (a, c) e−iπ /2 = −i ⇒ z1 – z4 = –i(z3 – z4)
z3 − z 4
b – a = c(square)
z1 (1 − i) + z3 (1 + i) a (1 + i ) + b (1 + i ) + c (1 + i ) + d =
3 2
⇒ z4 = 5
2
( ) ( )
⇒ a 1 + i3 + 3i2 + 3i + b 1 + i2 + 2i + c (1 + i ) + d =
5
Sol 13: f(z) = (a + ib)(z) = c + id
⇒ a (1 − i − 3 + 3i) + b (1 − 1 + 2i) + c (1 + i) + d =5
z = (x + iy)
⇒ a ( −2 + 2i) + b ( 2i) + c (1 + i) + d =5
Image = c – id
(c – x)2 + (y + d)2 = c2 + d2 ⇒ − 2a + c + d = 5 and 2a + 2b + c =0
x2 + y 2 − 2cx + 2dy =
0 From (i), we have
a2 + b2 = 64 d – a = 5 and 3a + 2d = 0
c = ax – by ⇒ a =c =−2 and b= d= 3
( −2) + 32 + ( −2) + 32
2 2
d = bx – ay ∴ a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 =
⇒ x2 + y2 – 2x(ax – by) + 2y(bx – ay) = 0 =4+9+4+9

= 26
⇒ x2(1 – 2a) + y2(1 – 2a) –2bxy + 2bxy = 0
⇒ (x2 + y2) (1 – 2a) = 0 n
1 1 255 u
Sol 16: ∑ ( zk − wk ) =
0
k =1
⇒a= ⇒ b2 = 64 – = =
2 4 4 v ⇒ z1 + z2 + z3 + z4 + z5
⇒ u + v = 259 ⇒ Z1 + Z 2 + Z3 + Z 4 + Z5
= 32 + 170i − 7 + 64i − 9 + 200i + 1 + 27i − 14 + 43i
Sol 14: = 3 + 504i
cosx + nC1cos2x + nC2cos3x + .......... + nCncos(n + 1)x If y-intercept is 3, then eq. of line
= cosx + nC1cos2x + nC2cos33x + .......... + nCncosn + 1x y = mx + 3
1 ++nnCCcisx n n 2 2 n n yi = mxi + 3 for i=1,2…….5

==cos
Cisx [1 11cosx++C2Cciscos + ..........++n CnC
x +x.............. cos
nCis x x]
 2 n 
Now, z1 + ……………..z5 = 3 + 504i
= cosx[1 + cosx]n
(x1 + x2 + ……… + x5) + i(y1 + y2 + ……..y5) = 3 + 504i +
n
 x x i{m(x1 + x2 ………… + x5) + 15} = 3 + 504i
=
= cosx
Cisx 2cos cosx
Cisx 
 2 2 x1 + x2 + ………….. + x5 = 3
xx nn
==22nnCos
Cosnn cos
Cis cos
Cis Cisx
Cisx m(x1 + x2 + ……….. + x5) + 15 = 504
22 22
⇒ 3m + 15 = 504
xx nn++22 ⇒m= 163
cosnn cos
==22nncos cis
cis xx
22  22 
R
x (n+ 2) x n + 2   Sol 17: P(3,9)
n n
2 cos cos + isin   x Q 37
2 2  2   53
(3,4)
By comparing, we get the desired results. Hence, proved
53
Sol 15: f ( x ) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d f ( i ) = 0

⇒ − ai − b + ci + d = 0 + io ⇒ − a + c = 0 and d – b = 0
3
⇒a =c and b = d …(i) z − 3 − 4i =5 tan–1 (37°) in clockwise direction
4
And f (1 + i) = 5 It reaches Q (3, 9) above centre
Then it moves 2 unit downwards i.e. R (3, 7)
p
32  10  2qπ 2qπ   2k + 2α1β1 + 2α2β2 − α12 − α22 − β12 − β22
Sol 18: ∑ ( 3p + 2 )  ∑  sin − icos  Radius =
= p 1=  q 1 11 11  4
p
  10 2qπi  Sol 21: f(z) = |z3 – z + 2 |z| = 1
= ∑ ( 3p + 2 )  −i  ∑ e 11 − 1 
  q=0 
 (f(z))2 = |z3 – z + 2|2=(z3 – z + 2)( z 3 – z + 2)

= 1–z2+2z3– z 2 +z z –2z+2 z 3 –2 z +4
32 32  32 p 
= ∑ (3p + 2 ) ip = ∑ (3p ) ip 2 ∑ i = 0  = 6 – (z2 – z 2 ) –2(z + z ) + 2(Z3 + z 3 )
p =1 p =1  1 
= 6–2(a2–b2)–4(a)+2(z+ z )(z2+ z 2 – z z )
= 3i(1 − 3 +  − 31) − 3(2 − 4 +  − 32) =48(1 − i)
= 6–2(a2–b2)–4(a)+4a(2a2–2b2–1)
a b c = 6–8a–2(2a2–1) + 8a(2a2–1)
Sol 19: = = = k
1−b 1−c 1−a f(z) = 16a3 – 4a2 – 16a + 8
a = k – kb f’(z) = 48a2 – 8a – 16 = 8(6a2 – a – 2)
b = k – kc = 8(6a2–4a + 3a – 2)
c = k – ka = 8(2a(3a – 2) + 1(3a – 1))
a = k – k2 + k2(k – ka) = 8(2a + 1) (3a – 2)
a = k – k + k –k a)
2 3 3
−1 2
a= a=
k −k +k 2 3 2 3
a= = b= c
1 + k3 2
For a =
3
but a ≠ b ≠ c 8 4 2
f(z) = 16 × –4× – 16 × +8
i.e. k = –1 ⇒ k = –w, –w
3 2 27 9 3
128 – 48 − 288 + 202
= <0
Sol 20: |z – a|2 + |z – b|2 = k 27
Locus of z is a circle −1
For a = ; f (z) = –2 – 1 + 8 + 8 = 13
(x – a1)2+(x – b1)2+(y – a2)2+(y – b2)2 = k 2
Maximum value of f(z) = 13
⇒ 2x2 + 2y2 – 2x(a1 + b1) – 2y2(a2 + b2)
+ a12 + a22 + b12 + b22 – k = 0 Sol 22: |a + bw + cw2| + |a + bw2 + cw| ≥

 α + β1   α2 + β2  |a + bw + cw2 + a + bw2 + cw|
⇒ x2 + y2 – 2x  1  − 2y  
 2   2  = |2a – b – c| = |a – b + a – c|
 α2 + α22 −k 
+ β12 + β22 Minimum value will occur when
+  1 =0
 2 
  a – b = k, a – c = –k
r > 0 i.e. g + f – c > 0
2 2
i.e. k = 1
2 2
 α1 + β1   α2 + β2   α2 + α2 + β2 + β2 − k 
+ − 2  1 2 1 2 >0 a – b = 1 and a – c = –1
 2   2   4 
      with a & b being least possible value integer values
⇒ – α12 + α22 − β12 − β22 + 2α1β1 + 2α2β2 + k > 0 ⇒ a = 2, b = 1, c = 3
⇒ k > α12 + α22 + β12 + β22 − 2α1β1 – 2α2β2 |a + bw + cw2| + |a + bw2 + cw|
⇒ k > (α1 − β1 )2 + (α2 − β2 )2 ⇒ k > |α – b|2 = 2|2 + w + 3w2| = 2|1 + 2w2|
 α + β1 α2 + β2  = 2|w2 – w| = 2|(– 3 )| = 2 3
Centre =  1 , 
 2 2  = 12 = n1/4 ⇒ n = 144
Sol 23: x7 + x6 + ……….. 1 = 0 ⇒ b = 26 + 25 = 51
 x8 − 1 
 =0 Sol 26: z5 + 1
 x −1  2
  3 1 = (z3 + 1) z2 + (1 – z2)
4 = (z + 1) (z2 – z + 1) z2 + (1 – z2)
= (1 + z)[(z2 – z + 1) z2 + 1 – z]
5 7 = (1 + z)[z4 – z3 + z2 – z + 1]
6
= (1 + z)[z2 + az + 1] [z2 + bz + 1]
Total area = unshaded area + shaded area
⇒ b + a = –1
ba + 2 = 1
0 0 1
Unshaded area = 6 × 1 0 1 1 ab = –1
1 1 1
1 ⇒a– = – 1 ⇒ a2 + a – 1 = 0
2 2 a
6 1 6 −1 ± 5 −1 + 5
= × = ⇒a= ⇒a= = –2cos108°
2 2 2 2 2 2
−1 − 5
1 1 1 1 And b = = –2cos36°
Shaded area = 2 × × × = 2
2 2 2 2
∴ Factors are (1 + z) (z2 – 2zcos36° + 1) (z2 – 2cos108° + 1)
6 1 6+ 2 6 2 +2 Since ab = –1
Total area = + = =
2 2 2 2 2 4 π π
⇒ 4cos36°cos108° = -1 ⇒ 4 cos cos = 1
5 10
3 2 +1 a b +c
= =
2 d Sol 27: x = 1 + i 3
a+b+c+d=3+2+1+2=8 y=1–i 3
z=2
Sol 24: N = (a + ib)3 – 107i x = –2wy = –2w2z = 2
= a3 – ib3 + 3a2ib – 3ab2 – 107i xp + ypp > 3 prime (P is odd)
N = (–b + 3a b – 107)i + a – 3ab
3 2 3 2
= –2pwp – 2p w2p = –2p(wp + w2p) = 2p = zp
⇒ 3a b – b = 107 ⇒ b(3a – b ) = 107
2 3 2 2
⇒ b =1 and 3a2 – b2 = 107 ⇒ a2 = 36 Sol 28: f(z) = a(z – i) + i ⇒ f(i) = i … (i)
⇒ N = a3 – 3ab2 = 216 – 18 = 198 f(z) = b(z + i) +(1+ i) ⇒ f(–i) = 1+i ... (ii)
f(z) = c(z2 + 1) + k1z + k2 … (iii)
Sol 25: x + ax + bx + cx + d has 4 non-real roots.
4 3 2
Substituting values from (i) and (ii) in (iii)
α + β = 3 + 4i ⇒ i = k1i + k2 and i + 1 = –k1i + k2
gδ = 13 + i(γ = α , δ = β ) 1 i
⇒ k2 = i + and k1 =
= 13 + i aβ = 13 – i
⇒ αβ 2 2
,
α + β = 3 + 4i iz 1
∴ Remainder = + i +
2 2
⇒ aβ + bγ + gδ + dα + aγ + bδ = b
⇒ aβ + β α + αβ + α α + β β + α β = b
⇒ 13 – i + 13 + i +( α + β )(α + β) = b
= 26+ (3 + 4i) (3 – 4i) = b
Sol 29: (a) (c) α = 6 + 4iβ = 2 + 4i

z−α π
amp  =
 z −β  6
 (x − 6) + (y − 4)i (x − 2) − i(y − 4)  π
tan–1  (x − 2) + i(y − 4) (x − 2) − i(y − 4)  = 6
 
Re(z) = (x – 6) (x – 2) + (y – 4)2
Im(z) = (x – 2) (y – 4) + (x – 6) (y – 4)
A = {z| |z| ≤ 2}
(x − 2)(y − 4) + (x − 6)(4 − y) 1
B = {z| (1 – i)z + (1 + i) z ≥ 4} ⇒ =
2
(x − 6)(x − 2) + (y − 4) 3
Let z = a + ib
−4x − 2y + 8 + 4x + 6y − 24 1
⇒ (1 – i)(a + ib)+(1 + i)(a – ib) ≥ 4 ⇒
2 2
=
x + y − 8x − 8y + 12 + 16 3
⇒a+b+a+b ≥ 4⇒a+b ≥ 2
πr 2 1 2  π 1  2 ⇒ x2 + y2 – 8x – 8y + 28 = 4 3 y – 16 3
area = − r = −  r = (π – 2)
4 2  4 2 ⇒ x2+y2–8x+y(–8–4 3 )+28+16 3 =0
1 1  x +i
(b) f(x) = =  
x −i x −i x +i ⇒r= 16 + (4 + 2 3)2 − 28 − 16 3
x  1 
= + i 
2
x + 1  x2 + 1  = 16 + 16 + 12 − 28 + 16 3 − 16 3
k
x – coordinate = = 16 = 4(p)
2
k +1
1
y – coordinate =
k2 + 1
∴ Locus of the function will be
Exercise 2
x2 + y2 – y = 0 Single Correct Choice Type
This is circle with diameter 1
1 Sol 1: (C) z2 + z + 1 is real and +ve
Hence the area of the square =
2 x2 – y2 + x + 1 + i(2xy + y)
Sol 30: (a) (1 + w + ……..wn)m, m, n ∈ N x2 – y2 + x + 1 > 0 and 2xy + y = 0
−1
n ∈ 3k⇒ 1 ⇒ y(2x + 1) = 0 ⇒ y = 0 or x =
2
n ∈ 3k + 1⇒ (–w2)m If y = 0 x2 + x + 1 > 0 ⇒ z represents real axis
n ∈ 3k + 2⇒ 0 −1 3
If x = − y 2 > 0 , Line segment joining
m = 1 ⇒ (–w2), m = 2 ⇒ (w), m = 3 ⇒ (–1) 2 4
 1 − 3  1 3
m = 4 ⇒ (w2), m = 5 ⇒ (–w), m = 6 ⇒ (1) − ,  to  − , 
 2 2   2 2 
No. of distinct elements are 7(S)
(b) Real coefficient,
Sol 2: (B) zz 3 + z3 z =
350
Root → 2w, 2+3w, 2+3w , 2–w–w2 2
|z|2 (z2 + z 2 ) = 350

Roots are 2w, 2 + 3w, 2 + 3w2, 3
Other root will be 2ω -z- z

lzl
Total no. of roots are 5 (q)
-z -
z
Length of diagonal 2|z| ⇒ x ∈  −2,2 & y ∈  −2 3,2 3 

 
|z|2 (x2 - y2 + 2ixy + x2 – y2 – 2ixy)=350
Set of points lie on radius of circle
350
(x + y ) (x – y ) =
2 2 2
= 175 2
2
Sol 5: (C) z2
As x and y are integers z1+z2
x = ±4; y = ±3
z1-z2
⇒ |z| = 5
z1
Length of diagonal is 10
Sol 3: (A) z12 − 2z1z 2 + 2z 22 =

0
z1 + z 2 π
arg =
( z1 − z2 )
2
+ z 22 =
0 z1 − z 2 2
⇒ ( z1 − z 2 ) = z 2 and ( z1 − z 2 ) =
2
−z 22 =z1 − z 2 = iz 2  z + z2  π
tan–1  1  =
and  z1 − z 2  2
2 |z1 + z2| ≠ |z1 – z2|

 z1  z1
  − 2 + 2 =0 Diagonals are perpendicular but not equal ie figure
 z2  z2 z1
represented is rhombus but not a square.
z
⇒ 1 =+ 1 i z1
z2 z1- z2
Sol 6: (A) Condition for equilateral
z1
⇒ =2 z2 ∆ : z12 + z 22 + z32= z1 z 2 + z 2 z3 + z3 z1
z2
O z2 z3 – 3az2 + 3bz + x = 0
Now,
z1, z2, z3
z1 − 0 z1 i∠z1oz2
= e ⇒ z1 + z2 + z3 = 3a
z2 − 0 z2
i∠z1oz2 1+ i ⇒ z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 = 3b
e = = eiπ / 4
2
⇒ z1, z2, z3 = –x
⇒ ∠z1oz 2 = 45o = ∠oz1z 2 2 2 2
(z1 + z2 + z3)2 = z1 + z 2 + z3 + 2(3β)
Also, (3α)2 = 9b
z 2 − z1 z 2 − z1 i∠0z2 z1
= e a2 = b
z2 z2
⇒e
i∠oz2 z1
= i ⇒ ∠oz 2 z1 = 90o Sol 7: (D) z1
Sol 4: (B) 2 1
23 O G C
-2 z2 z3
4
23 z1 + z 2 + z3
= Centroid,
= zc 0
3
π
|Z| ≤ 4 and Arg ( z ) =
3 z1 + z 2 + z3 2z C + z O
= ⇒ zO = z1 + z2 + z3
3 3
x2 + y2 ≤ 16 and y = 3 x
Sol 8: (C) Sol 11: (D) |z-4-3i|=2

z lies on a circle shown in the figure |z|=|z-0| is nothing
but distance from origin
-1 1 y
3
Q
C
(z + 1)4 = 16z4
(4i3)
⇒ z + 1 = 2z, 2iz, –2z, –2iz P
1 1 1 1 −1 − 2i −1 + 2i
⇒ z = 1, , − , = − , 1, ,
2i − 1 3 −1 − 2i 3 5 5 O x
z1 + z 2
Point equidistant is z =
2 Minimum = OP = OC-CP
 −1  =42 + 32 − 2 =5-2=3
Where z1 = (1, 0), z2 =  ,0 
 3 
Maximum = OC + CQ =5+9=7
1
1−
z= 3 =1
2 3 Sol 12: (A) z = 1 – sinα + icosa
|z| = 1 + sin2 α − 2sin α + cos2 α

Sol 9: (B) |z – 2| = 3
= 2 − 2sin α = 2(1 − sin α )
cos α  1 
arg z = tan–1 = tan−1  
1 − sin α  sec α − tan α 
2
 α α
 sin + cos 
1 + sin α  2 2
= tan–1 = tan–1
cos α 
2
2 α 2 α
 cos − sin 
 2 2
|z – 2 – 3i| = 4  α α  α
 sin + cos   1 + tan 
⇒S1 = (x – 2) + y = 9
2 2
= tan−1  2 2  = tan–1  2
⇒S2 = (x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 16  cos α − sin α   1 − tan α 
   
 2 2  2
Both circles are intersecting. So, radical axis will be
  π α
S1 – S2 = 0 ⇒ 9 – 6y = 7 ⇒ 3y – 1 = 0 = tan–1 tan  π + α   = +
  4 2  4 2
Sol 10: (A) z3 + iz − 1 =0

z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2
Let z=k (real) Sol 13: (D) + z1 z 2 + − z1 z 2
2 2
⇒ k + ik ‒ 1 = 0
3
k3 + ik ‒ 1 = 0 and k = 0 z1 + z 2 + 2 z1 z 2 + z1 + z 2 − 2 z1 z 2
=
If k = 0, then 0 ‒ 1 = 0 2
( ) +( )
2 2
Not possible z1 + z 2 z1 − z 2
=
Therefore z ≠ k (real) 2
Hence, no real solution
2 ( z1 ) + 2 ( z 2 )
2 2 2 2
= = z1 + z2
2
Sol 14: (A) u2 – 2u + 2 = 0 a3 a1a4 b2 a4 b 4 a2 + a4 a2 b2a22

+ = a + = = = 1
⇒(u – 1)2 = –1 a1a2 a2a3 2 a2b2 a22b2 b2a22
⇒u – 1 = ±i
Sol 17: (D) (1+z)6+z6=0
⇒u = 1 + i, 1 – i = (α, β)
⇒ (1 + z ) =
6
cotθ = x + 1 −z6
Now,
(x + α)
n
( cot θ + i) − ( cot θ − i)
n n
− (x + β)n
= 6
α −β 2i  1+ z 
⇒ −1
 =
 z 
( cos θ + isin θ ) − ( cos θ − isin θ )
n n
(4, 3)
= 1
⇒ 1 + = ( −1)
n 1/6
2isin θ
z
eiθn − e−iθn sinnθ
= = 1 2Kπ + π
n
2isin θ sinn θ =
⇒ cos −1
z 6
Sol 15: (B) A1…….An vertices of regular polygon in a
circle of radius R 1  2Kπ + π  2Kπ + π π  
⇒ =− 2sin cos  − 
z  12  12 2  
A2
A1
A3 1   π 2Kπ + π  
⇒ z =− cos  − 
R 2Kπ + π  2 12  
2sin
12
A4
1 2Kπ + π 
z=
− 1 + icot 
(A1A2)2 + (A1A3)2 …….(A1An)2 2 12 
π 1
A1A2 = 2Rsin ⇒ z lies on line x =
−
n 2
2π ⇒ All roots are collinear.
A1A3 = 2Rsin
n
3π
A1A2 = 2R Sol 18: (A)
n
 2π 2 2π 2 3π 2 (n − 1)π 
4R2 sin n + sin n + sin n ...sin n 


 2π 4π π
=−2R 2 1 − n + cos + cos + ...cos(2n − 1) 
 n n n
 
  z10 – z5 = 992
sin πk 2nπ 
=–2R2 1 − n + − cos = 2nR2
 π n  z5(z5 – 1) = 32(31)
 sinn   
 n  z5 = t
⇒ t2 – t = 992 ⇒ t2 – 32t + t – 992 = 0
Sol 16: (B) z4 + a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 0
⇒ t = 32, –31 ⇒ z5 = 32, –31
z = ib
⇒ z5 = 32 has 2 roots with –ve real Part
b4 – ib3a1 – b2a2 + iba3 + a4 = 0
and z5 = –31 has 3 roots with –ve real part
b – b a2 + a4 = 0 ⇒ b a2 + a4a2 = b a2
4 2 4 2 2
⇒ ba3 – b3a1 = 0 ⇒ a3 = b2a1

Sol 19: (A) a|z1| = b|z2| Sol 24: (A, B, C, D) (a) a, b, x y is ∈ R
a z2 az bz az1 a + ib
= a − ib
= T = 1 + 2 let =z x + iy
b z1 bz 2 az1 bz 2
a2 − b2 + 2abi
⇒ x + iy =
1z z a2 + b2
T=z+ =z+
zz | z |2 2
a −b 2
2ab
⇒x= ,y=
|z| = 1 ⇒ T = z + z = 2Re(z) 2
a +b 2
a + b2
2
Re(z) ∈ (–1, 1) ⇒ x2 + y2 = 1 A is correct
⇒ T ∈ [–2, 2] 1 − ix
(b) = a − ib
1 + ix
Sol 20: (B) (p+q)3 + (pw+qw2)3 + (pw2+qw)3 1 − x2 − 2ix
⇒ = a − ib
= p3+q2+3p2q+3pq2+p3+q3+3pq2w5 1 + x2
1 − x2 2x
⇒a= ,b=
+3p2qw4+p3+q3+3p2qw5+3pq2w4 1+x 2
1 + x2
= 3(p3+q3) ⇒a2 + b2 = 1 B is correct
x
1 + i 3 
( )
x a + ib
Sol 21: (A) 1 + i 3 x
2 ⇒ 
=  =1 (c) = x − iy

 2  a − ib
⇒ (–w)x = 1 (a + ib)2
⇒ = x − iy
⇒ x = 6, 12, 18, ……... a2 + b2
a2 − b2 + 2iab
It forms an AP ⇒ x + iy =
a2 + b2
a2 − b2 − 2iab
⇒ x + iy = ⇒ |x + iy| = 1
Multiple Correct Choice Type a2 + b2
y − ix
Sol 22: (B, C) x2+(p+iq)x + 3i = 0 (d) = y + ix
a + ib
a2 + b2 = 8 y 2 − x2 − 2ixy
⇒ = a + ib
(α + β) = –(p + iq) y 2 + x2
aβ = 3i y 2 − x2 + 2ixy
⇒a – ib = ⇒ |a – ib| =1
x2 + y 2
⇒ (α + β)2 = 8 + 6i = p2 – q2 + 2ipq
p2 – q2 = 8 Sol 25: (A, D) z = x + iy = r(cosθ + isinθ)
2pq = 6
z
= x + iy
= r(cos θ + isin θ)
⇒p = 3, q = +1 or p = –3, q = –1
 θ θ
r eiθ /2
== r cos + isin  for y > 0
 2 2
Sol 23: (A, D) |z1| = |z2| ⇒ a2 + b2 = c2 + d2
z1 = a + ib, a > 0  1 + cos θ 1 − cos θ 
= r +i 
z2 = c + id, d < 0  2 2 
z1 + z 2 (a + c) + i(b + d) r  r +x +i r −x r +x +i r −x
= =   = [A]
z1 − z 2 (a − c) + i(b − d)
2  r  2
(a + c) & (b + d) can be zero, so value can be zero Similarly
(a – c) & (b – d) can be simultaneously zero ⇒ purely 1 
imaginary. = r + x − i r − x  for y < 0
2 
Sol 26: (A, D) α = eiθ = β [C and D are correct]

( az1 + bz1 )( cz2 + dz2 ) = ( cz1 + dz1 )( az2 + bz2 )
Sol 29: (A, B, D) α = 3z – 2
adz1 z2 + bc z1 z2 = bcz1 z2 + ad z1 z2
β = –3z – 2
⇒ ad = bc
|z| = 1
a c
= (A is correct)
b d |α + 2| = 3 → A is correct
b d
⇒ arg z1 = tan–1 a , arg z2 = tan–1 c |β + 2| = 3 → B is correct
α – β = 6Z D is correct
⇒ arg z1 = arg z2
z1 z2 ⇒ α – β and z, both move on same circle
or z1 z2 = z1 z 2 ⇒ =
z1 z2
a + ib c + id Sol 30: (B, D) (in + i–n) is
⇒ = ⇒ –ad + bc = 0
a − ib c − id
22n + 22n 2.2n 2n+1
(A) = = (1 + i)2n =
2n (1 − i)2n (1 − i)2n
2 2n
Sol 27: (A, B, C)
(2i)n
= 2in= in + in
n−1
2
(1 + i)2n + (1 − i)2n (2i)n + ( −2i)n

(B) = =in + (–i)n
2n 2n
= in + i–n
−(2i)n 2n
(C) + = –in + in = 0
|z1| = 1 and |z2| = 2 2n ( −2i)n
2n 2n
Max |2z1 + z2| (D) + i−n + in
=
n n
(2i) ( −2i)
|2z1 + z2| ≤ 2|z1| + |z2| = 4 (A is correct)
Min |z1 – z2| ≥ |z1| – |z2| Sol 31: (A, B, D)

 
|z1 – z2| ≥ 1(B is correct)  
( 2
log14 13 + z − 4i + log196  ) 1
=0
( )
2
1 1  13 + z 2 + 4i 
z2 + ≤ z2 + ≤ 2 (C is correct)  
z1 z1  
13 + z 2 − 4i
log14 =0
13 + z 2 + 4i
α −β
Sol 28: (A, B, C, D) =1 ⇒ 13 + |z2 – 4i| = 13 + |z2 + 4i|
1 − αβ
2 2 ⇒ |z2 – 4i| = |z2 + 4i|
α − β = 1 − αβ
⇒ (α – β) ( α – β ) = (1 – α β) (1 − αβ ) ⇒ |x2 – y2 + 2ixy – 4i| = |x2 – y2 + 2ixy + 4i|
|a|2 + |b|2 – α β – β α =1 – α β – β α + |a|2 |b|2 ⇒ (x2 – y2)2 + (2xy – 4)2 = (x2 – y2)2 + (2xy +4)2
|a|2 (α – |b|2) = (1 – |b|2)⇒(|a|2 – 1) (1 – |b|2) =0 ⇒ –16xy = 16xy ⇒ either x = 0 or y = 0
⇒|a| = 1 A is correct If y = 0 can be purely real
⇒|b| = 1 B is correct x = 0 can be purely imaginary

Must be real or purely imaginary.
 x + 1 + 2i − 2  z = z implies z is purely real (B is correct)

Sol 32: (A, B) 1 − log2  ≥0
 2 − 1  z = −z implies z is purely imaginary (C is correct)
x + 1 + 2i − 2
⇒ log2 ≤1 Sol 37: (A, C)
2 −1 z2
⇒ |x + 1 + 2i| – 2 ≤ 2( 2 − 1 )
⇒ |x + 1 + 2i| ≤ 2 2 ⇒ (x + 1)2 + 4 ≤ 8

⇒ (x + 1)2 ≤ 4 ⇒ –2 ≤ x + 1 ≤ 2 z1 z3
⇒ –3 ≤ x ≤ 1 ⇒ x ∈ [–3, 1] z3 = (1 – z0)z1 + z0z2
z'3 = (1 – z0)z1' + z0z2'

Sol 33: (D) x = cos a
y = cos b
z1 z1 1
z = cos g z3 − z1 z'3 − z1'
z0 = = ⇒ z2 z2 1 =
0
z 2 − z1 z' − z'
Sx = cosα + cosβ + cosg 2 1
z3 z3 1
= cosα+cosβ+cosγ+i(sinα+sinβ+sinγ) angle is same
Px=cosa cosb cosγ = eiα eiβ eiγ = ei(α + β + γ) The two triangles are similar
π Sol 38: (A, B) Z multiplicative inverse is same as

Sol 34: (A, D) xr = cos  
 2r  additive inverse
 π π 
n i + ......  π π 
i + +  1
 r r +1  =−a − ib
Lim ∏xr = e2 2  =e2 4 
a + ib
n→∞
r =1
a − ib
π =−a − ib
i
 1 a2 + b2
2 1 − 
= e  2 = eiπ ⇒ a = –a3 – ab2 ⇒ a(1 + a2 + b2) = 0
= cosπ + isinπ = –1 + 0i ⇒ a = 0 and
Real part is –1 b = a2b + b3 ⇒ b(1 – a2 – b2) = 0
Imaginary part is 0 b ≠ 0 so a2 + b2 = 1 ⇒ b = ±1
n−1 z=0±i
Sol 35: (A, B, D) ∏ ( ω − zr )
r =1
Sol 39: (A, B, C, D) Z = a + bi =
(1 − ix ) (1 − ix )
ωn − 1 (1 + ix ) (1 − ix )
(w – z1) (w – z2) (w – z3)….. (w – zn-1) =
ω−1 1 − x2 − 2ix
a + bi =
If n is a multiple of 3, value can be zero as z1 can be w 1 + x2
or w2 ⇒ |z| = 1
If n = 3k + 1 value is 1  2x 
Arg z = tan–1  2 
If n = 3k + 2 value is 1 + w  x −1
Arg (z) ≡ ( −π, π 
Sol 36: (A, B, C) z = −4z
x – iy= –4x – 4iy
5x + i(3y) = 0
x = y = 0 (A is true)
Previous Years’ Questions ⇒ x + y =2 ….(ii)
Sol 1: Given, |z – 3 – 2i| ≤ 2 …. (i) And

To find minimum of |2z – 6 + 5i| Im ( z ) ≥ 1
5 ⇒ Im ( x + iy ) ≥ 1
Or 2 z − 3 + i ,
2
⇒ y ≥ 1 ….(iii)
By using triangle inequality
i.e., | z1 | − | z 2 | ≤ z1 + z2
5
∴ z −3+ i
2
5 9
= z − 3 − 2i + 2i + i = (z − 3 − 2i) + i
2 2
9
≥ | z − 3 − 2i | − From (i), (ii) and (iii) A ∩ B ∩ C has only one point P
2
shown in the figure.
9 5
≥ 2− ≥
2 2 Sol 4: (C) z + 1 − i + z − 5 − i
2 2
5 5
⇒ z − 3 + i ≥ or |2z – 6 + 5i| ≥ 5 2 2
2 2 = z − ( −1 + i ) + z − (5 + i )
The point A (-1, 1) and dB (5, 1) are end points of one

i
2π of the diameter
Sol 2: ω =e 3
In right angle ∆ APB
| x |2 + | y |2 + | z |2
Then, =3
| a |2 + | b2 | + | c |2
B(5,1)
Note: Here, ω = ei2π /3 , then only integer solution exists.
Sol 3: (B)
=A {z : Im ( z ) ≥ 1} A (-1,1)
( AB )
2
AP2 + BP2 =
B
= {z : z − 2 −=i 3}
{z : Re (1 − i) z + 2 }
2 2
=C ⇒ z +1 −i + z −5 −i
(=
6)
2
Taking z − 2 − i =3 = 36
Let z= z + iy
x + iy − 2 − i =3 Sol 5: (D) w − 2 − i < 3
2 From triangle in equality

⇒ ( x − 2) + i ( y − 1) =
(3)
2
z−w > |z|−|w|

⇒ ( x − 2) + ( y − 1) =
2 2
9 …(i)
⇒ − z − w < | z | − | w | < | z− w | …(i)
And
Given w − 2 − i < 3 , which means that w lies inside the
Re (1 − i) z  =2 given circle. Since z is presented by point P and W has
Re (1 − i)( x + iy )  =2 to be the other end of diameter
| z − w | = length of diameter
From (i), we get a u 1

−6 < | z | − | w | < 6 Consider b v 1
c w 1
⇒ − 6 + 3 < | z | − | w | + 3 < 6 +3
Applying R3 → R3 – {(1 – r) R1 + rR2}
⇒ −3 < | z | − | w | + 3 < 9
a u 1
5 5 = b v 1
 3 i  3 i
Sol 6: (B) Given, z =  +  + −  c − (1 − r)a − rb w − (1 − r)u − rv 1 − (1 − r) − r
 2 2  2 2
   
a u 1
 −1 + i 3 −1 − i 3 
=ω = and ω2  = b=v 1 0 (from eq. (i))
 2 2 
  0 0 0
3 +i  −1 + i 3 
Now, =–i   = −iω Hence, two triangles are similar.
2  2 
 
3 −i  −1 − i 3  6
 2kπ 2kπ 
And = i  = iω2 Sol 9: (D) ∑  sin − icos 
2  2  k =1  7 7 
 
 6 i2kπ 
∴ z = (– iω)5 + (iw2)5 = – iw2 + iω 6
 2kπ 2kπ  = −i  e 7 
∑ i  cos 7 + isin 7  ∑ 
( ) k =1   k =1 
= i (ω – w2) = i i 3 = – 3
⇒ Re (z) < 0 and Im (z) = 0  6 i2k π   6 i2k π 

∑ e = 0 = −i  ∑ e − 1 = −i 0 − 1  = i
k =0 7  k =0 7 
Alternate solution:
We known z + z =
2Re(z)
Sol 10: (C) Given, | z + iw |=| z − iw | 2 =2
5 5
 3 i  3 i ⇒ | z − ( −iw) |= | z − (iw) |= 2
If z =  +  + −  , then z is purely real,
 2 2  2 2 ⇒ | z − ( −iw) |= | z − ( −iw) | .
   
i.e. Im (z) = 0
iw iw
w
Sol 7: (D) Given, |z – 4| < |z – 2|
Since, |z – z1| > |z – z2| represents the region on right -1 1
side of perpendicular bisector of z1 and z2
w
∴ |z – 2| > |z – 4| -i w
⇒ Re(z) > 3 and Im (z) ∈ R
∴ z may take values given in (c).
y
Alternate solution
x’ y
x
O (2,0) (3,0) (4,0)
(-z)
y’ r -
x
O -
Sol 8: (B) Since a, b, c and u, v, w are the vertices of two r
triangles. (z)
Also, c = (1 – r) a + rb and w = (1 – r) u + rv … (i)

| z + iw |≤| z | + | iw | = | z | + | w |≤ 1 + 1= 2 Sol 12: (C) If in a complex number a + ib, the ratio a: b

∴ | z + iw |≤ 2 is 1 : 3 , then always convert the complex number in
⇒ | z + iw |=
2 holds when the form of ω .
Arg z – arg iw = 0 1 3
Since, ω= − + i
2 2
Similarly, when | z − iw |=2 334 365
 1 i 3  1 i 3
z ∴ 4 + 5 − +  + 3 − + 
Then is purely imaginary  2 2   2 2 
w  
Now, given relation
= 4 + 5ω334 + 3ω365
| z + iw |=| z − iw |=2 = 4 + 5 ⋅ (ω3 )111 ⋅ ω + 3 ⋅ (ω3 )121 ⋅ ω2
Put w = i, we get = 4 + 5ω + 3ω2 ( ω3 = 1)
| z + i2 |=z + i2 |=2 = 1 + 3 + 2ω + 3ω + 3ω2

⇒ | z − 1 |= 2 = 1 + 2ω + 3(1 + ω + ω2 ) = 1 + 2ω + 3 × 0
⇒ z= −1 (| z |≤ 1) = 1 + ( −1 + 3i) = 3i.
Put w = - i, we get
| z − i2 |=| z − i2 |= 2 Sol 13: (A) Since, arg (z) < 0
⇒ | z + 1 |= 2
⇒ arg(z) = −θ
⇒ =z 1 (| z |≤ 1) ⇒=z r cos( −θ) + isin(=
−θ) r(cos θ − isin θ)
and − z = −r[cos θ − isin θ]
∴ z = 1 or – 1 is the one correct option given.
= r[cos( π − θ) + isin( π − θ)]
∴ arg ( −z) = π − θ
Sol 11: (D)
Thus, arg (-z) –arg (z)
n n n2 n2
(1 + i) 1 + (1 − i) 1 + (1 + i) + (1 − i)
n n1 n n = π − θ − ( −θ) = π
= [ 1 C0 + C1i + 1 C2i2 + 1 C3i3 + ......]
n n n n Alternate solution:
+ [ 1 C0 − 1 C1i + i C2i2 − 1 C3i3 + ......]
 −z 
n n n n
+ [ 2 C0 + 2 C1i + 2 C2i2 + 2 C3i + .....] Reason: arg (-z) – arg z =arg   = arg( −1) =π
 z 
n n n n
+ [ 2 C0 − 2 C1i + 2 C2i2 − 2 C3i3 + ...]  z 
And also arg z – arg (-z) =arg   = arg( −1) =π
n
= 2[ 1 C0 +
n1
C2i2
n1
+ C 4 i4 + ....]  −z 
n n n
+2[ 2 C0 + 2 C2i2 + 2 C 4 i4 + ....]
= 2[
n1
C0 −
n1 n
C2 + 1 C 4= ....] Sol 14: (A, B,C) Since, z1 =
a + ib and z 2 =
c + id
n n n ⇒ | z1 |2 = a2 + b2 = 1 and | z 2 |2 = c2 + d2 = 1 ...(i)
+2[ 2 C0 − 2 C2 + 2 C 4 − ....]
(| z=
1 | | z=
2 | 1)
This is a real number irrespective of the values of n1 and n2 Also, Re (z1 z 2 ) =0 ⇒ ac + bd =0
Alternate solution a d
⇒ =− =λ (say)...(ii)
n n n n b c
{(1 + i) 1 + (1 − i) 1 } + {(1 + i) 2 + (1 − i) 2 }
From Eqs.(i) and (ii), b2 λ2 + b2= c2 + λ2c2
⇒ a real number for all n1 and n2 ∈ R.
2
n n ⇒ b= c2 and a=
2
d2
[ z=+ z 2Re(z) ⇒ (1 + i) 1 + (1 − i) 1
is real number for all n ∈ R] Also, given w1 =
a + ic and w2 =
b + id
Now, | w1 |= a2 + c2 = a2 + b2 = 1
| w2 |= b2 + d2 = a2 + b2 = 1
and Re(w1 w2 )= ab + cd= (bλ )b + c( −λc) aq = 4 and 2a = 10

4
λ (b2 − c2 ) =
= 0 ⇒e=
5
B→p
(1 − t)z1 + tz 2
Sol 15: (A, C, D) Given, z = 1
(1 − t) + t (C) z= w −
w
A P B 1
⇒ z = w− ×w
z1 z z2 ww
t : (1 - t) w
= w−
| w |2
Clearly, z divides z1 and z 2 in the ratio of t:
w
= w−
(1-t), 0 < t < 1 4
⇒ AP + BP = AB Let w = p + I q, then
ie, | z − z1 | + | z − z 2 |= | z1 − z 2 | 3P 5q
z
= +i
⇒ Option (a) is true. 4 4
Now, let z = x + iy
And arg (z − =
z1 ) arg (z 2 −=
z) arg(z 2 − z1 )
3P 4x
⇒ x= ⇒ P=
⇒ (b) is false and (d) is true. 4 3
5q 4y
Also, arg (z − z1=
) arg(z 2 − z1 ) ⇒ y= ⇒ q=
4 5
 z − z1 
⇒ arg  0
 = | w |2 = P2 + q2 = 4
 z 2 − z1 
z − z1
∴ is purely real.
z 2 − z1
z − z1 z − z1 z − z1 z − z1
=
⇒ or= 0
z 2 − z1 z 2 − z1 z 2 − z1 z 2 − z1
Sol 16: (A) | z − i | z ||=

| z + i | z || 16 x2 16 y 2
⇒ + 4
=
9 25
⇒ | z − i | z ||2 =| z + i | z ||2
x2 y2
⇒ ( z − i | z |) ( z + i| z |) = ( z + i | z |) ( z − i | z |) ⇒ + 1 , its an ellipse
=
9 / 4 25 / 4
⇒ z z + i z| z | − i | z | z + | z |2 b2
e2= 1 −
a2
=z z − i z | z | + i| z | z + | z |2
9 16
⇒ 2i z | z |=
2i| z | z =1− =
25 25
⇒ 2i | z | ( z − z ) =
0 4
⇒e=
5
| z | 0 or z=
⇒= −z 0
From figure, we can conclude that
⇒ Im ( z ) =
0
Re ( z ) ≤ 2
Also Im ( z ) ≤ 1
A → q, r And z ≤ 3
(B) |z + 4| + |z - 4| = 0
C → p, s, t
Its an equation of ellipse having
1 w w z − z1 z 2 − z1
(D ) z= w + w
=+ w
=+ w w
=+ =
w ww | w |2 z − z1 z2 − z1
Let w = a + i b z − z1 z − z1
⇒ 0
=
z = a + i b + a – i b = 2a z 2 − z1 z2 − z1
Now, |z| = 2 |a| and Im (z) = 0, Im ( z ) ≤ 1 Sol 19: 2z − 6 − 5i

⇒ Re ( z ) ≤ 2 and | z | ≤ 3 5
= 2 z −3+ i
2
D → q, r , s and t
 5 
Here z −  3 − i  is nothing but the distance between
Sol 17: (B)  2 
 −5 
z +1 ω ω2 any point on the circle z − 3 − 2i ≤ 2 and point  3, 
 2 
ω z + ω2 1 =0
2
ω 1 z+ω
C1 → C1 + C2 + C3 (3,2)
z ω ω2
z z + ω2 1 =0
z 1 z+ω
 2π 2π )3, -5 )
=ω cos + i sin 2

 3 3 
1 ω ω2 5
∴ Minimum value =
2
1 z + ω2 1 =0
1 1 z+ω 5
2z − 6 + 5i = 2× =5
min 2
Expanding the determinant, we get
Sol 20: Given: a + b + c = x
 (
z  z + ω2 ) ( z + ω) − 1 − ω ( z + ω − 1) + ω (1 − z − ω ) =0
2 2
a + b ω + c ω2 = y
⇒ z  z 2 + z ω + zω2 + ω2 − 1 − zω − ω2 + ω + ω2 − ω2 z − ω4  =0
  a + b ω2 + c ω = z
⇒ z  z2  =
0 | x |2 + | y |2 + | z |2 xx + yy+zz
  =
2 2 2
|a| + |b| + |c| | a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2
⇒z=0
Sol 18: (A, C, D) Given z =(1 − t ) z1 + t z2

( ) (
= ( a + b + c ) a + b + c + a + b ω + c ω2 + a + b ω+ c ω2 ) ( )
This equation represents line segment between z1 and ( 2
+ a + bω + cω a + bω + c ω)( 2
)
z2 | a | + | b | + | c |2
2 2
From fig.  i π /3
 ω =e
| z − z1 | + | z − z 2 |= | z1 − z 2 |  −i π /3
 ω =e
 π
ω2 = e2i 3 = − ω

( )
= ( a + b + c ) a + b + c + ( a + b ω− ω c ) a + b ω + c ω2 ( )
Arg ( z − z=
1) Arg ( z 2 − z1 ) (
+ ( a − b ω + c ω) a + b ω + c ω 2
)
| a | + | b | + | c |2
2 2
(
3 | a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2
= 3
) 1 1 
4r 2
⇒  − z 0   − z0  =
 α  α 
| a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2
 1 z z 
⇒  − 0 − 0 + | z 0 |2  =
4r 2
 α α α α 
1 a b
   | α |2 
Sol 21: (A) Given  ω 1 c 2
α α = | α | ⇒ α = 
ω2  α 
 ω 1 
1 z0 α z0 α
1 a b ⇒ − − + | z 0 |2 =
4r 2
2 2 2
  |α| |α| |α|
Determinant (D )=  ω 1 c
ω2 ω 1 
 ⇒ 1 − z 0 α − z0 α+ | α |2 | z 0 |2 = 4r 2 | z |2 …(ii)
|= (
D | 1 (1 − c ω ) − a ω − c ω 2
) + b (ω2
−ω 2
) Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
⇒ | D | = 1 − ( a + c ) ω + acω 2
1− | α |2 + | α |2 | z 0 |2 − | z 0=
|2 r 2 4 | α |2 −1 ( )
| D | ≠ 0 , only when a = ω and c = ω
r2 + 2
(
∴ ( a,b,c ) ≡ ( ω, ω, ω) or ω, ω2 , ω ) 1− | α |2 +
2
(
| α |2 −= )
1 r 2 4 | α |2 −1 ( )
∴ Two non-singular matrices are possible.  r2 + 2  2
(
⇒ | α |2 −1 
 2
)
−1
=

2
 r 4 | α | −1 ( )
Sol 22: (D) a = z 2 + z + 1 = 0  r2  2
⇒ z2 − z + 1 − a =0 (
⇒ | α |2 −1  =
2
 
) 2
 r 4 | α | −1 ( )
Discriminant < 0 {Since imaginary part of z us not zero}
⇒ | α |2 −1 = 8 | α |2 −2
1 – 4 (1 - a) < 0
⇒ 7| α |2 =1
⇒ 1 − 4 + 4a < 0
1
⇒ 4a < 3 ⇒ | α |=
7
3
⇒a <
4 Sol 24: (C,=
D) P {=
w :n n
1,2,3,..... }
3 1
Sol 23: (C) ( x − x0 ) + ( y − y 0 ) =
2 2
r w= + ⇒ | w |= 1
2 2
⇒ | z − z 0 |=
r ⇒ All the complex number belong to set P lie on circle
of unit radius, centre at origin.
α lies on it, then
| α − z 0 |=r
⇒ ( α − z 0 ) ( α − z0 ) =r 2
| |2 − z0 α − z 0 α + | z 0 |2 =
=α r2 ….(i)
Similarly,
( x − x0 ) + ( y − y 0 )
2 2
2r
=
⇒ | z − z 0 |=
2r
1
lies on it, then
α
1
− z0 =
2r
α
All the complex number belong to PnH1 lie right of the  

 z − 1 + 3i 
1 S2 =
line x = on circle. Possible positions are shown in the z ∈ C : Im   > 0
2   1 − 3 i  
figure as A1 , A2 , A3 .
Similarly, all the complex number belong to PnH2 lie left (

 z −1 + 3i 1 + 3i 
Im   >0 )( )
−1 4 
of the line x = on circle. Possible positions are shown
2  
in the figure as B1 ,B2 ,B2 < z1 0 z 2 = angle between A2 Let z = x + i y
2π 5π
and B3 =
3
or angle between A1 and B3 =
6 ( ) (
 ( x + iy ) 1 + 3 i − 1 − 3 i 1 + 3 i 
⇒ Im   >0 )( )
4 
 
( ) (
 x + 3 y + i 3x + y − 4 
⇒ Im   >0 )
4 
 
3x + y
⇒ > 0 ⇒ 3x+ y > 0
4
{
S3 z ∈ C : Re ( z ) > 0 }
⇒ z lies in either first or fourth quadrant.
Now, points of intersection of circle x2 + y 2 =
16 and
Sol 25: (B, C, D) P = pij  pij = ωi+ j 3x + y =0 is x2 + 3x2 =

16
n×n
⇒ 4x2 =
16 ⇒ x =± 2
 ω2 ω3 ω4  ω 
n+1
  ⇒ y =± 2 3
ω3 ω4 ω5  ωn+ 2 
P=  1 2 5π
      Area =
2
( 4) × 6
ω2n+1 ωn+ 2 ωn+3  ωn+n 
  1 5 π 20 π
= × 16 × = .sq. unit2
2 6 3
ω4 + ω6 + ω8 + .... ω5 + ω7 + ω9  
 
    Sol 27: (C) | 1 − 3i− z |
⇒ P2 =
    
  = z − 1 + 3i = z − (1 − 3i )
n 3 n 5
 ω + ω + .....
+ +  

Lets take element P11 =ω4 + ω6 + ω8 + ....n terms ( )

Min z − (1 − 3i) = distance of point (1, -3) from line
=
(
ω4 ω2n − 1 ) 3 x+y =0
ω−1 3×1 − 3 3−3

= =
If n is multiple of 3, then this element will vanish. Which 3+1 2
is the case for every element.
3− 3
=
∴ n can not be multiple of 3, for P2 ≠ 0 2
∴ Possible values of n are 55, 58, 56
2πx 2k π
Sol 28: (C) zk =
cos + i sin ,k =
1,2,....9
10 10
{z C :| z | < 4}
Sol 26: (B) S1 =∈
i
2 πk
(p) zk = e 10
z lies inside of a circle given by |z| = 4
2π π π π
i (k + j) 12 ik i 12 i
⇒ zk .z=
j e 10 = 1 ∑ e 7 e 7 −1 ∑ e 7 −1
k =1 k =1
2π 2π = =
⇒ cos
10
( k + j) + i sin
10
(k + j ) =
1 3 i
( 4k −2) i
π 3 i
π
∑e 7 e 7 −1 ∑e 7 −1
If k + j = 10 m (multiple of 10), then above equation is k =1 k =1
True.
(q) z1 .z = zk 12
π π
2 πk
∑ 2 sin 14 12 × 2 sin
i (k −1) = k =1
= 4 =4
zk e 10 i 2π 3 π
⇒ z= = = e 10 π
z1 i
2π ∑ 2 sin 14 3 × 2 sin
4
e 10 k =1
Clearly, this equation has many solutions

 −z r z 2s 
⇒ Q is False Sol 30: P = 
( )
 z 2s zr 
(r) Consider, z10 = 1 
z10 − 1 = ( z − 1) ( z − z1 )( z − z2 )( z − z3 ) .... ( z − z9 )
10
 −z 2r + z 4s
P = 
2
( ) ( ) ( −z ) z 2s + zr z 2s 
r

Where zk represents the roots of equation z = 10 
( −z ) z + z z
r 2s r 2s 2r 4s
z +z 
=1 + z + z 2 + .... + z 9
 
z 2s ( −z ) + zr  
2r 4s r
⇒
Z10 − 1
( z − z1 ) ( z − z2 ) ...... ( z − z9 )
=  z +z  
z −1 = 
 z 2s  ( −z )r + zr  z 2r + z 4s 
= 1 + z + z 2 + z3 + .... + z 9    
z10 − 1
( z − z1 ) ( z − z2 ) .... ( z − z9 )
= 1 0  2r 4s
z −1 Given that P2 − I =  ⇒ z +z = −1
 0 1 
= 1 + 1 + 1 …… 10
= 10 2s  r
And z ( −z ) + z  =
r
0
10  
(s) We know that sum of roots of z − 1 =0 is zero
−1 + i 3
2k π9 9
2k π Now, we have z = =ω
⇒ 1 + ∑ cos 0 ⇒ ∑ cos
= −1
= 2
k =1 10 k =1 10
⇒ ω2r + ω4s = −1 and ω2s ( −ω) + ωr  = 0
r
9
2k π  
⇒ 1 − ∑ cos =2
k =1 10 Only (r, s ) ≡ (1, 1 ) satisfies both the equation.
kπ Only one pair exists.
kπ kπ i
Sol 29: Given
= αk cos + i sin =e 7
7 7
 1 
Sol 31: (A, C, D) S =z ∈ C : z = , t ∈R, t ≠ 0 
12 i
(k +1) π i
kπ  a + ib t 
12
∑ | αk +1 − αk | ∑e 7 −e 7
1 a−i b t
k =1
k =1 =z ×
= a + ib t a − ib t
3
3 i ( 4k −1 )
π ( 4k −2)
∑ | α 4 k −1 − α 4k −2 | ∑e 7
i
−e 7
a−i b t
k =1 ⇒z= = x + i y (Let)
k =1
a2 + b2 t2
a bt
=⇒x = and y
22 2
a +b t a + b2 t 2
2
x a ay
⇒ = ⇒t=
y bt bx
a
Substituting ‘t’ in x =
a + b2 t 2
2
a
x=
a2 y 2
a2 + b2
b2 x 2
ax2
⇒ x= ⇒ a2 x2 + a2 y 2 − ax =
0
a2 x2 + a2 y 2
x
⇒ x2 + y 2 − 0
=
a
2 2
 1  2 1 
x −  + y = 
 2a   2a 
 1 
Centre ≡  , 0 
 2a 
1
Radius = , when a > 0 , b ≠ 0
2a
If=
b 0, a ≠ 0
y = 0 ⇒ x − axis
If=a 0, b ≠ 0
x = 0 ⇒ y − axis

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6 .

JEE Main/Boards ∴ L.H.S = 1 + ω3m+1 + ω6m+ 2 = 1 + ω + ω2 = 0

Example 1: f z1 and z 2 are 1 – i, – 2 + 4i respectively. (b) Let n = 3m + 2

Sol: Consider z 0= x + iy be a square root then | 2 22 | x + 3 + iy | 2

and 2xy = – 24  … (ii) Example 5: If | z1 | = | z 2 | = ……. = | zn |= 1

(x2 + y 2 ) 2 = (x2 − y 2 )2 + 4x2 y 2 1 1 1

Solving (i) and (iii), we get, ( zz = | z 2 |)

(x, y) = (3, – 4);(– 3, 4) by (ii) L.H.S.

z r ( cosθ + i sinθ ) and ( cos θ + i sin θ )

= (a0 – a2 + a4 - …) + i (a1 – a3 + a5 - ….)

= (a0 – a2 + a4 + …….) + i(a1 – a3 + a5 + …..)

Least distance = 12 + 42 − 3 = 17 − 3 Sol: Use algebra to solve this problem.

Given z1 + z2 + z3 = 0, and from 2nd relation z2z3 + z3z1

Z implies that centroid is also at the origin so that the

As x is real and c > 1, we have: 1 < c ≤ 2

The roots z0, z1, z2, z3, z4, z5 are given by 1 y

|x + iy – 4| < |x + iy – 2| = cos θ ± i sin θ

Example 5: Let three vertices A, B, C (taken in clock

Example 7: Prove that |a + b|2 + |a – b|2

= |a|2+ |b|2 + 2Re(ab) +|a|2+ |b|2 - 2Re(ab) = 2(|a|2 +

Sol: Here A+B+C = π, therefore epi = cos π+i sin π = – 1. M(a)

OA2 + OB2 = 2(AM2 + OM2)

z1 a 1 Sol: Here the four points A, B, C, D will be concyclic if

Thus, from (i) and (ii) we get b4 b3

|cos qn| ≤ |z|n + |z|n–1 + …. + |z| + 1 ⇒ z – 2 + 2i = cos θ + i sin θ

(∵ | cos q1| ≤ 1 and |zn+1| = |z|n+1) Where θ is some real number.

1− | z |n+1 1 1 ⇒ z = (2 + cos θ) + (sin θ – 2)i

4c ± 4c2 + 3 ⇒ z3 = z1 + (z2 – z1) (1 + i)

Sol: Consider the rotation of AB about A through an

n that | z |< and ∑ ar zr =1 where |ar| < 2.

Q.27 Let z1 = 10 + 6i and z2 = 4 + 6i. If z is any complex = (3 + 2 3) 3+2

z1 − z 2 Q.10 z = (3 + 7i) (p + iq) where p, q ∈ I – {0} purely

(D) None of these 3364

Q.13 The solutions of the equation in z, |z|2 – (z + z ) +

Q.8 Let z and w be two non-zero complex numbers z2

(A) x = 3, y = 1 (B) x = 1, y = 1 Q.18 If z is a complex number such that | z | ≥ 2 , then

Q.12 If z1, z2 and z3 are complex numbers such that 5

(A) 3w (B) 3 ω (ω – 1) (C) 3ω 2 (D) 3 ω (1 – ω) (B) Circle of radius 2

Exercise 1 Q.8 If the expression z5 – 32 can be factorised into linear

Q.12 Let z1, z2, z3, z4 be the vertices A, B, C, D

Q.14 Prove that Q.21 C is the complex number. f: C → R is defined

Now for the complex number w1 = 32 + 170i, w2 = Find N.

Q.20 Let α, β be fixed complex numbers and z is a B = {z| (1 – i)z + (1 + i) z ≥ 4} .

1 Q.2 The complex numbers whose real and imaginary

Q.3 Let z1 and z2 be non-zero complex numbers

(C) An equilateral triangle

2ω,(2+3ω),(2+3w2),(2–ω-w2), is Q.4 The set of points on the Argand diagram which

Q.1 The set of points on the complex plane such that z2

2x + 1 = 0; 2x – 1 = 0; 2y – 3 = 0 & 2y + 3 =0 (A) z1 + z2 – z3 (B) z2 + z3 – z1

z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2 (B) Line segment [– 2, 2] of the imaginary axis

 2 2   2 2  Q.20 If ω is an imaginary cube root of unity, then the

( ) Q.26 For two complex numbers z1 and z2

(A) Form an A.P. (B) Form a G.P.

(D) (y – ix) (a + ib)–1 = y + ix ⇒ |a – ib| = 1 (C) α and β move on different circles

Q.31 A complex number z satisfying the equation,

Q.32 Let S be the set of real values of x satisfying the z1 z1′ 1

number such that a + b + c = x, a + bω + cω2 = y,

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) – 1 (D) 2

and 2xy = – 24 … (ii) Example 5: If | z1 | = | z 2 | = ……. = | zn |= 1

⇒a2 – b2 = –8 …… (i) (–x + 1) = 2, 2ω, 2ω2

|z1 + z2 + z3+ …..zn| ≤ |z1| + |z2| + …..|zn| … (ii)