2019 Cloze Type

2019 - 2020
English ( question – II)

Unit – 1
The Calendar
1. Fill in each numbered blank with a word from the list given.
Write down only the number of the blank and the word that fills it.
A a and but day
Earth Egypt how matter months
in or scientific showed takes
time try used was years
It is easy to understand the calendar we use today. It __1__ not always so easy. People had to __2__ for
thousands of years before they knew __3__ to put together days , weeks , months and __4__ .
More than 2,000 years ago, scientists in __5__ made a calendar. There were ten days __6__ a week,
three weeks in a month, __7__ twelve months in a year. This calendar__8__ a way to count weeks and
months, __9__ it was not scientific.
It does not __10__ how many days are in a week, __11__ in a month; any number can be __12__. No
one, however , can decide how long __13__ day or a year should be. A __14__ is the exact length of time
it __15__ the earth to turn around one time. __16__ year is the length of time the __17__ takes to travel
around the sun one__18__. The Egyptians did not think about these __19__ facts. For them, 12 of their
30-day __20__ made a year, but 360 days do not make full year.
2. Fill in each number blank with a word from the list given.
a any are around can
count days easy length length
not of scientific There turn
we weeks year year year
It is easy to understand the calendar __1__ use today. It was not always so __2__.People had to try for
thousands of __3__ before they knew how to put together __4__, weeks, months, and years.
More than 2,000 __5__ ago, scientists in Egypt made a calendar. __6__ were ten days in a week, three
__7__ in a month, and twelve months in a month, and twelve months in a __8__ year. This calendar shows
a way to __9__ weeks and months, but it was not __10__.
It does do matter how many days __11__ in a week, or in a month; __12__ number can be used. No one
however , __13__ decide how long a day or __14__ year should be. A day is the exact __15__of time it
takes the earth to __16__ around one time. A year is the __17__ of time the earth takes to travel__18__
the sun one time. The Egyptians did __19__ think about these scientific facts. For them, 12__20__their 30 -
day months made a year, but 360 days do not make a full year.
3.Fill in each numbered blank with a word from the list given.
called continue days fast leap
long long Pope Gregory XII sun the
the the then to to
was was year years years
Many years later in Rome, Julius Caesar tried __1__ fix the calendar. He thought that a __2__ should
be 365 days and 6 hours __3__. He added an extra day every four __4__. The year with an extra day is
__5__ leap year. The year is really, 365 __6__ 5 hours 48 minutes and 46 seconds __7__ Julius Caesar’s
calendar was almost twelve minutes too__8__. Twelve minute is not much, but by __9__ year 1582
scientists slowed that the calendar __10__ about 10 days faster than the sun. __11__ wanted to make
a better plan.
It __12__ easy to take 10 days away from __13__ calendar. This made it right with the __14__ again.
There was still a problem: how __15__ keep the calendar right in the future, __16__ after year.
Scientists tried one way, and __17__ they tried another. Finally, they decided to __18__ to have every
fourth year as a __19__ year. Then they solved the problem of __20__ calendar going too fast.
4.Fill in each numbered blank with a word from the list given.
Write down only the number of the word that fills it.
A a and but day
do earth Egypt even holiday
in matter months not or
scientific showed takes time used
More than 2,000 years ago, scientists in __1__ made calendar. There were ten days __2__ a week, three
weeks in a month, __3__ twelve months in a year. This calendar__4__ a way to count weeks and months,
__5__ it was not scientific.
It does not __6__ how many days are in a week, __7__ in a month; any number can be __8__. No one,
however, can decide how long __9__ day or a year should be. A __10__ is the exact length of time it
__11__ the earth to turn around on time. __12__ year is the length of time the __13__ takes to travel
around the sun one __14__. The Egyptians did not think about these __15__ facts. For them, 12 of their
30-day __16__ made a year, but 360 days do __17__ make a full year.
What did they __18__ about this problem? Then made a five-day __19__ at the end of each year. But
__19__ adding five holidays did not make the Egyptians’ yearly calendar right.
a about and and days
did did it it make
one sun than that the
their time time to year
A day is the exact length of __1__ it takes the earth to turn around __2__ time. A year is the length of
__3__ the earth takes to travel around the __4__ one time. The Egyptians did not think __5__ these
Scientific facts. For them, 12 of __6__ 30-day months made a year, but 360 __7__ do not make a full year.
What __8__ they do about problem? They made __9__ five-day holiday at the end of each __10__.
But even adding five holidays did not __11__ the Egyptians’ yearly calendar right. It takes __12__ earth
a little more than 365 days __13__ travel around the sun. To be exact, __14__ takes 365 days, 5 hours,
48 minutes __15__ 46 seconds. For a long time people __16__ not add exact hours and minutes__17__
seconds.
It was like using a watch __18__ runs slow. The Egyptian calendar was slower. __19__ the exact sun year.
In four years __20__ was about a day behind; in forty years the calendar wa s 10 days ( a full Egyptian
week) behind the sun.
Unit – 2
Too Much Knowledge Make Fools
a became cow’s each ghee
ghee gradually grass had now
on retraced the the the
to to was weep which
The philosopher, however, got the required ghee, __1__ he packed in a green leaf, and __2__ his steps.
On the way he soon __3__ lost in philosophical speculations. “Ghee”, he said __4__ himself, “ comes from
cow’s milk. Cows eat __5__ and yes, and leaves, too. Ah, then, in __6__way, ghee comes from cow’s milk,
and __7__ milk comes from leaves, and so the leaf are related!” On and __9__ he philosophized, quite
happily unaware of the __10__ in the leaf in his hand melting __11__ and dripping. By the time he met
__12__ medico who was coming back empty-handed from__13__ village market, there was nothing left of
__14__ ghee he had bought! He, too, was __15__ empty-handed. The two of them looked at __16__
other, not knowing whether to smile or __17__ and each recounted to the other what __18__ happened
to him, as they walked back __19__ where the man of music and dancing __20__ supposed to be cooking
the rice.
and another considered days eat
have have in journey parting
piece pot respects the the
that they time time to
After studying for three years they were__1__ proficient in their respective sudjects, and the __2__
came to say good-bye to their professor __3__ return to their respective parents. As a __4__ gift the
professor gave them a cooking __5__ as well as some grain, in order __6__ they would have something
__7__ should their dry rations run out before __8__ reached home.
Then, as his final gift __9__ his students, the professor gave them a __10__ of advice. “Remember,”
he said to them,” __11__ four of you may be proficient, each __12__ your own subject, but if you don’t
__13__ the sense to act suitably to the __14__ and circumstance of a situation, you may __15__ to go
hungry. “Not quite comprehending what __16__ great teacher meant, they looked at one __17__ but said
nothing, and after paying their __18__ to their professor, set forth on their __19__ home. After travelling
for a number of __20__ their dry rations ran out.
bruises carrying down ground he
his lifted matter now of
of realize right shakily stunned
the under was with your
“Ah,” replied the astrologer, “the climbing up __1__ easy because at that moment I was __2__ the
influence of an ascending constellation. But __3__ the climbing down is quite a different __4__. You see,
the stars are not just __5__ as yet and I am waiting for __6__ moment when I’ll be under the influence
__7__ a descending constellation.”
“Oh, to hell with __8__ stars and constellations!” the three on the __9__ yelled, almost in unison. “Just
come you __10__!”
The poor astrologer was frightened out of __11__ wits. He started to climb down-slowdy, __12__. But he
was trembling so much that __13__half-slipped and half-fell, and lay in a __14__ heap on the ground. His
three friends __15__ him up and all he had were __16__ and cuts. No tender bael leaves!
Now __17__ no meal in sight, each began to __18__ how and why he had failed in __19__ out his lot.
Then, slowly, the wisdom __20__ the parting advice given to them by their great teacher dawned upon
them.
began boil disconsolate each he
hear market not on required
rice Soon The the the
their to to who with
By the time he met the medico, __1__ was coming back empty-handed from the village __2__ there
was nothing left of the ghee __3__ had bought! He, too, was now empty-handed __4__ two of them
looked at each other, __5__ knowing whether to smile or weep and __6__ recounted to the other what
had happened __7__ him, as they walked back where __8__ man of music and dancing was supped __9__
be cooking the rice. But there, to __10__ horror, they found their friend looking as __11__ as ever, moping
beside a broken pot __12__ the rice strown all over the fire-place. “__13__ after the three of you left,”
wailed __14__ cook, “ I built a fire, rinsed the __15__ put it in the pot, added the __16__ amount of water
, and placed the pot __17__ the fire, rinsed the __18__ to simmer ,and then it started to__19__. I watched
And could not but __20__ the bubbling noise of the boiling rice. To my ears it sounded so much li ke the
rhythmic beats of music coming from a drum that I started dancing to it . And, …and,…”
of is his and their
beside sounded asked a it
then the all of two
music some dancing could one
But there, to their horror, they found __1__ friend looking as disconsolate as ever, moping __2__ a
broken pot with the rice strewn __3__ over the fire-place.
“Soon after the three __4__ you left,” wailed the cook , “I built __5__ fire, rinsed the rice, put it in __6__
pot , added the requited amount of water, __7__ placed the pot on the fire. After __8__ time, the pot
began to simmer, and __9__ it started to boil. I watched and __10__ not help but hear the bubbling noise
__11__ the boiling rice. To my ears it __12__ so much like the rhythmic beats of__13__coming from a
drum that I started __14__ to it. And,…and…”
“And what happened?” __15__ the two friends. “And,” continued the cook, “__16__ backward kick
Of my right heel caught __17__ pot. And there, as you can see, __18__ the end of our rice!”
The other caught __19__ who had come back empty-handed, now found __20__ quite easy to admit to
the cook that they, too, had failed to accomplish what they had set out to do.
and bazar carried cook down
drew fish get meal meal
of our out professor their
to to to to was
After travelling for a number of days__1__ dry rations ran out and the pot __2__ the grain given to
Them by their __3__ came in very useful indeed. “How thoughtful __4__ great teacher is!” they felt and
got __5__ to the business of cooking themselves a __6__. There was rice enough for all __7__ them all
right , but they would have __8__ do something about the curry. So they __9__lots for the different tas k
To be __10__ out in order to get a decent __11__.
Thus the man of music and dancing __12__ to cook the rice. The medico was __13__buy meat and fish;
The astrologer was __14__ gather vegetables ; and the philosopher was to __15__ some ghee ( which is clarified
butter) to __16__ the curry in. And thus each set __17__ to do his task. The medico went __18__ the nearest village
there in the __19__ he found various kinds of meat and __20__.

Unit – 3
The Moon: A Nice Place To Visit?
ven.
and blanket blotting directly down
during from hour its may
no ranging rays shatter the
the the there Thus to
Temperatures on the moon are quite extreme, __1__ from 110 C to – 173 C. This occurs because __2__ is no
atmosphere to filter the sun’s __3__ when it is shining and then to __4__ in warm air when the sun goes __5__.
These extremes of temperature are particularly striking __6__ a solar eclipse, when the earth passes __7__ between
the sun and the moon, temporarily __8__ out the sun’s light. At such times __9__ temperature on the moon dips very
rapidly __10__ then rises immediately as the sun emerges __11__ the earth’s shadow. The change in temperature
__12__ be as much as 200 C in one __13__! This sudden change can cause rocks to __14__ due to the alternate
Expanding and contracting. __15__ if you visit the moon, deciding what __16__ wear could be a problem.
There is __17__ twilight or dawn on the moon. Like __18__ earth, the moon does not shine by__19__ own light, it
Reflects the light of __20__ sun.
2. Write down only the number of the blank and the word that fills it.
against also an any lack
course described devoid environment surface
leak moon not on wind
that the years your atmosphere
The moon has been __1__ by song writers and poets as a place for a romantic escape. We know of course __2__
the moon is actually a very hostile __3__ for human beings.
The moon is completely __4__ of water because the force of gravity __5__ the moon is much less than on __ 6__
earth. (The moon is much smaller, its __7__ is about as large as Africa.) The __8__ of a strong gravitational pull has
caused __9__ water the moon may have had to __10__ out into space over the 4.6 billion __11__ that it has been in
existence. Of __12__, since there is no water, there is __13__ no vegetation. So if you go, bring __14__ lunch.
There is no air on the __15__ because its gravity is insufficient to retain __16__ atmosphere. Accordingly,
travelers to the moon required __17__ only oxygen and water but also protection __18__ cosmic rays that are
unfiltered by an __19__. No atmosphere also means no weather –no __20__, no rain, no clouds.
distance home in moon of
of on rotates shield Since
to the the the the
the twenty-nine you view visible
The lunar sky is black. ( Blue sky __1__ the earth is produced by the scattering __2__ blue light in the spectrum
by particles __3__ air. ) On the moon stars are visible __4__ the daytime, but you would have to __5__ your eyes
from the unfiltered sunlight to __6__ them.
There is no sound on the __7__. Sound travels on waves of air molecules __8__ there is no air, there is nothing
__9__ transmit sound. Leave your transistor home. Also, __10__ moon is not a magnet the way __11__ earth is.
You can leave your compass__12__ too.
The moon is a satellite of __13__ earth, revolving around the earth once every __14__ and a half days. The moon
itself __15__, but it does so very slowly. Therefore __16__ same side of the moon is always __17__ to us. To get to
the moon, __18__ would have to travel 240,000 miles, a __19__ that is about the same as circling __20__ earth at
the equator ten times.
and but clear earth earth
earth the moon more same
Sound that there there to
to too transmit your would
On the moon stars are visible in __1__ daytime, but you would have to shield __2__ eyes from the unfiltered
sunlight to view __3__.
There is no sound on the moon. __4__ travels on waves of air molecules. Since__5__ is no air, there is nothing to
__6__ sound. Leave your transistor home. Also, the __ 7__ is not a magnet the way the __8__ is. You can leave your
compass home __9__.
The moon is a satellite of the __10__, revolving around the earth once every twenty-nine __11__ a half days. The
moon itself rotates, __12__ it does so very slowly. Therefore the __13__ side of the moon is always visible __14__ us.
To get to the moon, you __15__ have to travel 240,000 miles, a distance __16__ is about the same as circling the
__17__ at the equator ten times.
It is __18__ that if you were making a trip __19__ the moon, you would need to pack __20__ than a toothbrush and
a change of underwear.
a air can dark however
into is is light moon
no not produced the the
the the waves you your
There is no twilight or dawn on __1__ moon. Like the earth, the moon does __2__ shine by its own light; it reflects
__3__ light of the sun. Unlike the earth, __4__, there is no atmosphere to diffuse the __5__ as day becomes night
turns __6__ day. Changes from light to dark and __7__ to light occur suddenly.
The lunar sky __8__ black. (Blue sky on the earth is __9__ by the scattering of blue light in __10__ spectrum by
particles of air.) On the __11__ stars are visible in the daytime, but __12__ would have to shield your eyes from
__13__ unfiltered sunlight to view them.
There is __14__ sound on the moon. Sound travels on __15__ of air molecules. Since there is no __16__, there is
nothing to transmit sound. Leave __17__ transistor home. Also, the moon is not __18__ magnet the way the earth is.
You __19__ leave your compass home too. The moon __20__ a satellite of the earth, revolving around the earth once
every twenty-nine and a half days.
Unit-4
Clocks Through Time
across and at hour kept
longer melt moves on part
stick stripe that that the
them time three were which
It was probably around 3,000 years ago __1__ people first began making things to help __2__ measure the passage
of time. Having observed __3__ shadows move around trees as the sun __4__ across the sky, someone drew a circle
__5__ put a stick in the centre. As __6__ sun passed overhead, he marked even divisions __7__ the circle as the
shadow of the __8__ crossed it. Then people could tell which __9__ of the day it was by noticing __10__ mark on the
circle the shadow fell __11__. These circles were called “sundials.” Later, they __12__ made of stone and metal to
last __13__.
Of course, a sundial did not work __14__ night or on cloudy days, so men __15__ inventing other ways to keep
track of __16__. One invention was a striped candle. Each __17__ took the same amount of time to __18__. If each
stripe melted in about an __19__, about three hours would have passed when __20__ stripes melted.
and be but clock had
hour hour invented knowing placed
The time to to top
Usually was was was were
Candles and water clocks helped people know how much time had gone by. But candles __1__ to be
remade, and water clocks had __2__ be refilled. So, after glass blowing was __3__, the hourglass came
into use. Glass bulbs __4__ joined by a narrow tunnel of glass __5__ fine dry sand was placed in the __6__
bulb. The hourglass was easy to use, __7__ it had to be turned over every __8__ so the sand could flow
again.
It __9__ about 600 years ago that the first __10__ with a face and an hour hand __11__ made. One of
the first such clocks __12__ built for a king of France and __13__ in a tower of the royal palace. __14__
clock did not show minutes or seconds. __15__ catch, however, people were not concerned about __18__
the exact time.
Gradually, clocks began to __19__ popular. They still did not keep correct __20__, but they were
unusual, and they could be beautifully decorated.
clocks clocks clocks do either
hours house in knowing more
or or owner people second
These They This weight which
Watches came into use as soon as __1__ were made small enough to be carried. __2__ did not always
tell the correct time, __3__. They were often put into beautiful watchcases, __4__ were made to look like
anything the __5__ wanted.
The pendulum clock was invented in 1657. __6__ was the beginning of the style of __7__ we call
“grandfather clocks.” Which were enclosed __8__ tall wooden boxes. Pendulum clocks showed the __9__
more exactly than earlier clocks, since the __10__ on the pendulum could be moved up __11__ down to
make the clock go faster __12__ slower. About forty years later, minute and __13__ hands were put on
some clocks. Grandfather __14__ are very much in demand again today. __15__ are usually very expensive
however, and require __16__ space than other styles of clocks.
As __17__ began to go to more places and __18__ more things, they were more interested in __19__
the cored time, By 1900, almost every __20__ had a clock, and nearly every well-dressed gentleman wore
on a chain tucked his vest pocket.
began concerned enough France horse
hour in keep look or
or put royal such the
the tell they the use
It was about 600 years ago that __1__ first clock with a face and an __2__ hand was made. One of the
first __3__ clocks was built for a king of __4__ and placed in a tower of the __5__ palace. The clock did not
show minutes __6__ seconds. Usually it did not even show __7__ correct hour! Since there were no planes
__8__ trains to catch, however, people were not __9__ about knowing the exact time.
Gradually, clocks __10__ to be popular. They still did not __11__ correct time, but they were unusual
and __12__ could be beautifully decorated. One clock was__13__ the shape of a cart with a __14__ and
driver. One of the wheels was __15__ face of the clock.
Watches came into __16__ as soon as clocks were small __17__ to be carried. These did not always
__18__ the correct time, either. They were often __19__ into beautiful watchcases, which were made to
__20__ like anything the owner wanted.
and are clock forty go
have make much other pendulum
pocket put second than that
they time use very watch
Pendulum clocks showed the hours more exactly __1__ earlier clocks, since the weight on the__2__
could be moved up or down to __3__ the clock go-faster or slower. About __4__ years later, minute and
second hands were __5__ on some clocks. Grandfather clocks are very __6__ in dema nd again today. They
are usually __7__ expensive, however, and require more space than__8__ styles of clocks.
As people began to __9__ to more places and do more things, __10__ were more interested in knowing
the correct __11__. By 1900, almost every house had a __12__, and nearly every well-dressed gentleman
wore a __13__ on a tucked in his vest __14__.
Today, of course, we have electric clocks __15__ keep giving the right time until they __16__ unplugged
or the electricity goes off. Scientists __17__ invented clocks that look like large machines __18__ tell the
correct time to a split __19__.
The most modern electric clocks for home __20__ do not have faces or hands.
and and As clocks either
enclosed every faster Grandfather in
of owner require the the
These today up which 1657
Watches came into use as soon as __1__ were made small enough to be carried __2__ did not
always tell the correct time __3__.They were often put into beautiful watch cases, __4__ were made
to look like anything the __5__ wanted.
The pendulum clocks was invented in __6__. This was the beginning of the style __7__ clocks we can
“grandfather clocks,” which were __8__ in tall wooden boxes
Pendulum clocks showed __9__ hours more exactly than earlier than clocks, since __10__ weight on
the pendulum could be moved __11__ or down to make the clock are very much in demand again __12__
or slower. About forty years later, minute __13__ second hands were put on some clocks. __14__ clocks
are very much in demand again __15__. They are usually very expensive, however, and __16__ more
space than other styles of clocks.
__17__ people began to go to more places __18__ do more things, they were more interested __19__
knowing the correct time. By 1900, almost __20__ house had a clock, and nearly every well-dressed
gentleman wore a watch on a chain tucked in his vest pocket.
and appear are be clocks
clocks clocks clocks counted have
of on people’s regarded second
that the the use when
Today, of course, we have electric clocks __1__ keep giving the right time until they __2__ unplugged or the
electric goes off. Scientists __3__ invented clocks that look like large machines __4__ tell the correct time to a
split __5__.
The most modern electric clocks for home __6__ do not have faces or hands. These __7__ are called digital clocks.
and they tell __8__ time with a set of number which __9__ in a little window. The seconds are __10__ off like the
tenths of a mile __11__ the odometer of a car. Many electric __12__ are combined with radios, which can
sometimes __13__ set to turn on automatically. Thus, instead__14__ an alarm ringing in your ear in __15__
morning, you can hear soft music playing __16__ it is time to get up. Some __17__ will even start the coffee maker!
Although __18__ and watches play an important part in __19__ lives in industriali zed countries, time is still
__20__ in very different ways in different parts of the world.
an bulbs candles glass had
had hour hour know level
level line melt stripe that
the the three was way
One invention was a striped candle. Each __1__ took the same amount of time to __2__. If each stripe
melted in about an __3__, about three hours would have passed when __4__ stripes melted.
A water clock was another __5__ to tell time. A container had a __6__ with a number beside it for
every __7__. It also had a tiny hole in __8__ bottom. The container was filled with water __9__ dripped
through the hole. When the water __10__ reached the first line, people knew that __11__ hour had
passed. Each time the water __12__ fell to another line, one more hour __13__ passed.
Candles and water clocks helped people __14__ how much time had gone by. But __15__ had to be
remade, and water clocks __16__ to be refilled. So, after glass blowing __17__ invented, the hourglass
came into use. Glass __18__ were joined by a narrow tunnel of __19__, and fine, dry sand was placed in
__20__ top bulb.
cart clocks clocks did hours
in One or or second
still the They This wanted
Watches weight were were were
Gradually, clocks began to be popular. They __1__ did not keep correct time, but they __2__ unusual,
and they could be beautifully decorated. __3__ clock was in the shape of a __4__ with a horse and driver.
One of __5__ wheels was the face of the clock.
__6__ came into use as soon as clocks __7__ made small enough to be carri ed. These __8__ not always
tell the correct time, either. __9__ were often put into beautiful watchcases, which __10__ made to look
like anything the owner __11__.
“grandfather clocks”, which were enclosed __14__ tall wooden boxes.
Pendulum clocks showed the __15__ more exactly than earlier clocks, since the __16__on the pendulum
could be moved up __17__ down to make the clock go faster __18__ slower. Ab out forty years later
minute and __19__ hands were put on some clocks. Grandfather __20__ are very much in demand again
today.
clocks clocks clocks do either

hours house in knowing more
or or owner people second
These They This weight which
Watches came into use as soon as __1__ were made small enough to be carried. __2__ did not always
tell the correct time, __3__. They were often put into beautiful watchcases, __4__ were made to look like
anything the __5__ wanted.
“grandfather clocks.” Which were enclosed __8__ tall wooden boxes . Pendulum clocks showed the __9__
the cored time, By 1900, almost every __20__ had a clock, and nearly every well-dressed gentleman wore
a watch on a chain tucked his vest pocket.
a about also be bulb
Candles fine had it joined
much so tell The the
the through to to with
A water clock was another way to __1__ time. A container had a line with __2__ number beside it for
every hour. It __3__ had a tiny hole in the bottom. __4__ container was filled with water that dripped
__5__ the hole. When the water level reached __6__ first line, people knew that an hour __7__ passed.
Each time the water level fell __8__ another line, one more hour had passed.
__9__ and water clocks helped people know how __10__ time had gone by. But candles had __11__ be
remade; and water clocks helped had to __12__ refilled. So, after glass blowing was invented, __13__
hourglass came into use. Glass bulbs were __14__ by a narrow tunnel of glas s , __15__ fine, dry sand was
placed in the top __16__. The hourglass was easy to use, but __17__ had to be turned over every hour
__18__ the and could flow again. It was __19__ 600 years ago that the first clock __20__ a face and an
hour hand was made.
And be but clock had
Hour hour how invented knowing
Place The to to top
Usually was was was were
Candles and water clocks helped people know __1__ much time had gone by. But candles __2__ to be
remade; and water clocks had __3__ be refilled. So, after glass blowing was __4__, the hourglass came into
use. Glass bulbs __5__ joined by a narrow tunnel of glass, __6__ fine, dry sand was placed in the __7__
bulb. The hourglass was easy to use, __8__ it had to be turned over every __9__ so the sand could flow
again.
It __10__ about 600 years ago that the first __11__ with a face and an hour hand __12__ made . One of
the first such clocks __13__ built for a king of France and __14__ in a tower of the royal palace. __15__
clock did not show minutes or seconds. __16__ it did not even show the correct __18__! Since there were
no planes or trains to catch, however, people were not concerned about __19__ the exact time.
Gradually, clocks began to __20__ popular.
an at candles had had
hour hour kept know level
level line melt stripe that
the three time was way
Of course, a sundial did not work __1__ night or on cloudy days, so men __2__inventing other ways to
keep track of __3__. One invention was a striped candle. Each __4__ took the same amount of time to
__5__. If each stripe melted in about an __6__, about three hours would have passed when __7__ stripes
melted.
A water clock was another __8__ to tell time. A container had a __9__ with a number beside it for
every __10__. It also had a tiny hole in __11__ bottom. The container was filled with water __12__ dripped
through the hole. When the water __13__ reached the first line, people knew that __14__ hour had
passed. Each time the water __15__ fell to another line, one more hour __16__ passed.
Candles and water clocks helped people __17__ how much time had gone by. But __18__ had to be
remade; and water clocks __19__ to be refilled. So, after glass blowing __20__ invented, the hourglass
came into use.
clocks clocks do gentleman goes
have hours house in in
knowing more or or people
second They This time weight
“grandfather clocks.” Which were enclosed __3__ tall wooden boxes. Pendulum clocks showed the __4__
the cored time, By 1900, almost every __15__ had a clock, and nearly every well-dressed __16__ wore a
watch on a chain tucked __17__ his vest pocket.
Today, of course, we __18__ electric clocks that keep giving the right __19__ until they are unplugged or the
electric __20__ off.
Unit – 5
Self-Service And The Supermarket
and customer display hygienically in
lengths of organizers provide ranges
stalls stands speedy the the
They They to which without
During the last few years, there has been an enormous increase in __1__ number of shops, stores and
supermarkets which __2__ facilities for self-service. Their general purpose is __3__ provide goods of every
description attractively and __4__ and in perfect condition, so that the __5__ can s erve herself, and then
pay for __6__ goods with the minimum of delay.
The __7__ of a self-service store have their difficulties. __8__ must display a great number of goods
__9__ a minimum space without covering up anything. __10__ must deal with perishable foodstuffs
requiring different __11__ of temperature; and they must arrange a __12__ flow of customers past the
cash registers __13__ overtaxing the operators.
For the purposes of __14__, many devices are used such as long __15__ of adjustable shelves to take
various sizes __16__ packs, rotating circular shelves, islands of display __17__, racks for tubed foods , and
multi-tiered mobile __18__.
Perishable foodstuffs and quick frozen fruit, vegetables __19__ meat are kept in refrigerated self -service
cabinets, __20__ keep goods at the required temperatures.
a and and are been
circular customers herself kept of
operators perfect self-service self-service shelves
shops space the tubed with
During the last few years, there has __1__ an enormous increase in the number of __2__, stores and
supermarkets which provide facilities for __3__. Their general purpose is to provide goods __4__ every
description attractively and hygienically and in __5__ condition, so that the customer can serve __6__, and
then pay for the goods with __7__ minimum of delay.
The organizers of a __8__ store have their difficulties. They must display __9__ great number of goods
in a minimum __10__ without covering up anything. They must deal __11__ perishable foodstuffs
requiring different ranges of temperature; __12__ they must arrange a speedy flow of __13__ past the
cash registers without overtaxing the __14__.
For the purposes of display, many devices __15__ used such as long lengths of adjustable __16__ to take
various sizes of packs, rotating __17__ shelves, islands of display stands, racks for __18__ foods , and
multi-tiered mobile stalls.
Perishable foodstuffs __19__ quick frozen fruit, vegetables and meat are __20__ in refrigerated s elf-
service cabinets, which keep goods at the required temperatures.
and and are be degree
first for more of quick
right served shopkeeper Some which
sum the totals vegetables which
Perishable foodstuffs and quick frozen fruit, vegetables __1__ meat are kept in refrigerated self -service
cabinets, __2__, keep goods at the required temperatures. These __3__ at zero degree refrigerated for
frozen food, 28-32 __4__ for meat and fish, 40-50 degrees __5__ dairy produce and provisions.
The problem of __6__ payment has been solved by the use __7__ modern cash registers. One such
machine called __8__. Automatic Itemizing and Change Computing Cash Register, __9__ records the cost
of each item and __10__ the bill. Then it also registers the __11__ give in payment, and shoots out the
__12__ change into a cup near the customer.
__13__ of the advantages of self-services seem to __14__ that there is no waiting to be __15__; there is
a wide variety choice, __16__ it is claimed that prepackaged meat and __17__ are hygienic. Shopping is
said to be __18__ “ streamlined” and more economical. Nevertheless many people __19__ prefer to be
served by a small __20__ who knows them personally and will deliver goods to their homes.
a and and are at
circular customers degree herself kept
meat of operators perfect self-service
shelves space the tubed with
Their general purpose is to provide goods __1__ every description attractively and hygienically and in
__2__ condition, so that the customer can serve __3__, and then pay for the goods with __4__ minimum
of delay.
The organizers of a __5__ store have their difficulties. They must display __6__ great number of goods
in a minimum __7__ without covering up anything. They must deal __8__ perishable foodstuffs requiring
different ranges of temperature; __9__ they must arrange a speedy flow of __10__ past the cash registers
without overtaxing the __11__.
For the purposes of display, many devices __12__ used such as long lengths of adjustable __13__ to
take various sizes of packs, rotating __14__ shelves, islands of display stands, racks for __15__ foods , and
multi-tiered mobile stalls.
Perishable foodstuffs __16__ quick frozen fruit, vegetables and meat are __17__ in refrigerated self -
service cabinets, which keep goods __18__ the required temperatures. . These required at zero __18__
refrigerated for frozen food, 28-32 degrees for __20__ and fish, 40-50 degrees for dairy produce and
provisions.
and arrange as by cash
Computing frozen fruits multi-tiered of
of purposes requiring self-service such
temperature The their up various
The organizers of a self-service store have __1__ difficulties. They must display a great number __2__
goods in a minimum space without covering a__3__ anything. They must deal with perishable foodstuffs
__4__ different ranges of temperature; and they must __5__ a speedy flow of customers past the __6__
registers without overtaxing the operators.
For the __7__ of display, many devices are used such __8__ long lengths of adjustable shelves to take
__9__ sizes of packs, rotating circular shelves, islands __10__ display stands, racks for tubed foods , and
__10__ mobile stalls.
Perishable foodstuffs and quick frozen __11__, vegetables and meat are kept in refrigerated __13__
cabinets, which keep goods at the required __14__. These required at zero degrees refrigerated for __15__
food, 28-32 degrees for meat and fish,__16__ 40-50 degrees for dairy produce and provisions.
The problem of __6__ payment has been solved __18__ by the use of modern cash registers. One
__19__ machine called the Automatic Itemizing and Change __20__ Cash Register, first records the cost of
each item and totals the bill.
Unit – 6
Robots
in supervisors the
were work work
The law also protects them from working __1__ dangerous conditions. In special factories, robots can
__2__ happily for 24 hours a day. They __3__ on through the night while their human __4__ are at home
in bed. If ther__5__ any problems, the robots could ring up __6__ supervisor and ask for help!
2. Write down only the number of the blank and the word that fill it.
able by is off there
and can materials quality They
and for need robots up
any human number their working
Computers are very reliable; they can work __1__ a long time without breaking down. This __2__
because they have no moving parts. Robots __3__ lots of moving parts. They have motors __4__
gearboxes which move and can wear out, __5__ they need people to maintain them like __6__ other
machine. Eventually, robots will probably be __7__ to service and mend each other. However, __8__ are
generally predictable, precise and untiring in __9__ work. Used correctly, they can improve the __10__ of
products, as they do not have “__11__” days. They can also bring saving in __12__ and energy.
Human workers now have the __13__ of hours they work each day limited __14__ law. The law also
protects them from __15__ in dangerous conditions. In special factories, robots __16__ work happily for
24 hours a day. __17__ work on through the night while their __18__ supervisors are at home in bed. If
__19__ were any problems, the robots could ring __20__ the supervisor and ask for help!
a are around because body
Computers controlled do gearboxes less
lots of other pick pick
they they to to work
Given arms and hands, a computer can __1__ more varied physical work. With a robot __2__, a
computer “brain” may be programmed to __3__ up tools and parts and move them __4__. The ability to
work under the control __5__ a programmed is what distinguishes robots from __6__ “intelligent”
machines. Cranes and mechanical digger can __7__ up things and move them around but __8__ are not
robots. These machines need men __9__ drive and control them; they cannot be __10__ by a programmed
like a true robot. __11__ are very reliable; they can work for __12__ long time without breaking down.
This is __13__ they have no moving parts. Robots need __14__ of moving parts. They have motors and
__15__ which move and can wear out, and __16__ need people to maintain them like any __17__
machine. Eventually, robots will probably be able __18__ service and mend each other. However, robots
__19__ generally predictable, precise and untiring in their __20__. Used correctly, they can improve the
quality of products, as they do not have “off ” days.
a and are because lots
controlled days gearboxes less lots
of of of other pick
they they to to work
The ability to work under the control __1__ a programmed is what distinguishes robots from __2__
“intelligent” machines. Cranes and mechanical digger can __3__ up things and move them around but
__4__ are not robots. These machines need men __5__ drive and control them; they cannot be __6__ by a
programmed like a true robot. __7__ are very reliable; they can work for __8__ long time without breaking
down.
This is __9__ they have no moving parts. Robots need __10__ of moving parts. They have motors and
__11__ which move and can wear out, and __12__ need people to maintain them like any __13__
machine. Eventually, robots will probably be able __14__ service and mend each other. However, robots
__15__ generally predictable, precise and untiring in their __16__. Used correctly, they can improve
__17__ quality of products, as they do not have “off ” __18__. They can also bring saving in materials
__19__ energy.
Human workers now have the number __20__ hours they work each day limited by law.
a and and as can
conditions correctly Eventually have Human
law move moving not people
predictable they things time very
Cranes and mechanical digger can pick up __1__ and move them around but they are __2__ robots.
These machines need men to drive __3__ control them; they cannot be controlled by __4__ programme d
like a true robot.
Computers are __5__ reliable; they can work for a long __6__ without breaking down. This is because
they __7 __ no moving parts. Robots need lots of __8__ parts. They have motors and gearboxes which
__9__ and can wear out, and they need __10__ to maintain them like any other machine. __11__, robots
will probably be able to service __12__ mend each other. However, robots are generally __13__, precise
and untiring in their work. Used __14__, they can improve the quality of products, __15__ they do not
have “off” days. They __16__ bring saving in materials and energy.
__17__ workers now have the number of hours __18__ work each day limited by law. The __19__ also
protects them from working in dangerous __20__.
any are dangerous happily
hours on supervisor The
Human workers now have the number of __1__ they work each day limited by law. __2__ law also
protects them from working in __3__ conditions. In special factories, robots can work __4__ for 24 hours a
day. They work __5__ through the night while their human supervisors __6__ at home in bed. If there
were __7__ problems, the robots could ring up the __8__ and ask for help!
and and breaking can can
do each like maintain may
move moving parts them These
They they what work will
With a robot “body”, a computer “brain” __1__ be programmed to pick up tools and __2__ and move
them around. The ability to __3__ under the control of a programmed is __4__ distinguishes robots from
less “intelligent” machines. Cranes __5__ mechanical digger can pick up things and __6__ them around but
they are not robots. __7__ machines need men to drive and control __8__; they cannot be controlled by a
programmed __9__ a true robot.
Computers are very reliable; __10__ can work for a long time without __11__ down. This is because
they have no moving __12__ parts. Robots need lots of moving parts. __13__ have motors and gearboxes
which move and __14__ wear out, and they need people to __15__ them like any other machine.
Eventually, robots __16__ probably be able to service and mend __17__ other. However, robots are
generally predictable, precise __18__ untiring in their work. Used correctly, they __19__ i mprove the
quality of products, as they __20__ not have “off” days. They can bring saving in materials and energy.
also any are are bomb
dangerous dangerous happily in mining
on production supervisor the The
welding becoming hours repeated working
Human workers now have the number of __1__ they work each day limited by law. __2__ law also
protects them from working in __3__ conditions. In special factories, robots can work __4__ for 24 hours a
day. They work __5__ through the night while their human supervisors __6__ at home in bed. If there
were __7__ problems, the robots could ring up the __8__ and ask for help.
Robots are growing __9__ complexity and their use in industry is __10__more widespread.
Robots are mainly used in __11__ with automatic machines and equipments in mass __12__ industries,
where the same tasks must be __13__. Car production is the primary example of __14__ employment of
large and complex robots. They __15__ used in the process for the painting __16__ and assembly of the
cars.
Robots are __17__useful in environments which are unpleasant or __18__ for humans to work in, for
example, __19__ disposal, work in space or underwater, in __20__ and for the cleaning of toxic waste.
And and and and control
Cranes is mend parts physical
Programmed reliable robots to to
Useful brain no robots without
We have seen how computers can do __1__ work by controlling special machines. Given arms __2__
hands, a computer can do more varied __3__ work. With a robot “body”, a computer “__4__” may be
programmed to pick up looks __5__ parts and move them around.
The ability __6__ work under the control of a programmed __7__ what distinguishes robots from less
“intelligent” machines. __8__ and mechanical diggers can pick up things __9__ move them around but
they are not __10__. These machines need men to drive and __11__ them; they cannot be controlled by a
__12__ like a true robot.
Computers are very __13__; they can work for a long time __14__ breaking down. This is because they
have __15__ moving parts. Robots need lots of moving __16__. They have motors and gearboxes which
move __17__ can wear out. And they need people __18__ maintain them like any other machine.
Eventually, __19__ will probably be able to service and __20__ each other.
Unit – 7
Dreams Do Come True
a big boy earrings every
father had Her her house
me neck out sweets that
the to top turning would
She asked me dream. I said __1__ when I grew up, I would own __2__ house right here at the beach. I
__3__ be able to look at the ocean __4__ day, in all of its moods. My __5__ would have servants who
would have nothing __6__ do but carry silver trays loaded with __7__ and chocolate bars.
She looked down at __8__, the bun of hair on her __9__. My mother laughed at my dream. “Little
__10__,” she said-and I knew that I __11__ lost her admiration. My feet came up __12__ of the sand and I
ran at __13__ speed to meet the big curling wave.
__14__ dream came true. My father gave her __15__ diamond earring. They were tiny icebergs in
__16__gold prongs. She sat before the mirror, __17__ her head from side. My __18__ paid a little a month
for those __19__ for a long time. I was glad __20__ dream came true.
and are ears hot in
ma’ am me my on ones
our prim said She silence
skin the their would Wouldn’t
My mother and I were dreamers. When __1__ days were soft and tender, we sat __2__ the beach,
digging our toes into the __3__ sand. The big breakers came in slowly; __4__ shoulders growing tall and
green. The crashed __5__ thunderous white, and we would sit in __6__, the breeze scrubbing the hot sun
from __7__ faces.
She was 34; I was 10 __8__ was short, plump, a woman of fair __9__ and brownish hair. She was
feminine and __10__.
I asked what she dreamed. Jenny Tier Bishop laughed __11__ ruffled my wet hair. “You,” she said, “
__12__ an inquisitive little boy.”
“Yes, ma’ ma,” I __13__.
She told me her dream. Someday, when __14__ father had a lot of money, he __15__ buy diamond
earring for her. Not big __16__ of course. “See,” she said, pulling her __17__ “these were pierced when I
was 15. __18__ I look pretty with little diamonds?”
“Yes, __19__,” I said. “You sure would.” She asked __20__ my dream.
a called clothes cut earrings
glad her in lifted mirror
My paid said sewed she
time time them those to
Her dream came true. My father gave __1__ the diamond earrings. They were tiny icebergs __2__ big
gold prongs. She sat before the __3__ turning her from side to side __4__ father paid a little a month for
__5__ earrings for a long time. I was __6__ her dream came true. when they dressed __7__ go out, I told
her how beautiful __8__ looked. She __9__ really beautiful but she lifted her head like a queen when those
___10__ were on.
Times became what my father __11__ “hard”. The earrings were gone a long __12__ before I noticed.
When I asked about __13__ she smiled and cried at the same __14__. “Your father had to pawn them,”
she __15__. “He’ll get them back.”
Policemen were poorly __16__ in those days and then the city __17__ their salaries further. My mother
made our __18__ on a sewing machine. At night, she __19__ rosettes on silk garters for __20__ penny a
piece. Every year she paid the interest on the pawn ticket.
a At at beautiful but
for gone good her I
mother once one paid pawn
Policemen queen then what When
I was glad her dream came true. __1__ they dressed to go out, I told __2__ how beautiful she looked.
She wasn’t really __3__ but she lifted her head like a __4__ when those earrings were on.
Times became __5__ my father called “hard”. The earrings were __6__ a long time before I noticed.
When __7__ asked about them, she smiled and cried __8__ the same time. “Your father had to __9__
them,” she said. “He’ll get them back.”
__10__ were poorly paid in those days and __11__ the city cut their salaries further. My __12__ made
our clothes on a sewing machine. __13__ night, she sewed rosettes on silk garters __14__ a penny a piece.
Every year she __15__ the interest on the pawn ticket.
Then __16__ summer, she surrendered. The payment was due __17__ she ignored it. “ Earrings,” she
said, “are __18__ form of vanity we can’t afford.”
Great __19__ luck sometimes touches a person a least __20__.
Unit – 8
Advertisements: The Pros And Cons
Write down only the number of the blank and t he word that fills it.
Advertising am for he I
I I information is is
of one public surest then
that the the what will
No regular advertiser dare offer a product __1__ fails to live up to the promise __2__ his
advertisements. He might fool some people __3__ a little while through misleading advertising. He __4__
not do so for long; for the __5__ has the good sense not to buy __6__ poor quality article more than once.
If __7__ see an article advertised, it is the __8__ proof I know that the article does __9__ is claimed for it,
and that it __10__ good value.
There is one more point __11__ feel I ought to touch on. Recently, __12__ heard a well -known television
personality declare that __13__ was against advertising because it persuades rather __14__ informs. This
is hair-splitting. Of course __15__ seeks to persuade. If it only gave __16__, advertising would be so boring
that no one __17__would pay any attention. But perhaps that __18__ what the well-known television
personality wants.
I __19__ prepared to make just one admission to __20__ opponents of advertising. Not every
advertisement is a good one.
a at by dollar employment
fail for has his ideas
license needed No not of
of poor quality see Without
Money spent on advertising is money well spent. It assists a rapid distribution of goods__1__ reasonable
prices. It draws attention to new __2__ and so helps enormously to raise standards __3__ living. By helping
to increase the demand __4__ goods, it increases the number of workers __5__ to supply the goods and,
therefore, provides, __6_. It help to pay for many services. __7__ advertisements, your daily newspaper
would cost a __8__ or more, the price of your television __9__ would need to be doubled, and travel
__11__bus would cost more.
Perhaps most important __11__ all, advertising helps to keep up the __12__ of the product and services
you buy.__13__ regular advertiser dare offer a product that __14__ to live up to the promise of __15__
advertisements. He might fool some people for __16__little while through misleading advertising. He will
__17__ do so for long; for the public __18__ the good sense not to buy the __19__ quality article more
than once. If I __20__ an article advertised, it is the surest proof. I know that the article does what is
claimed for it, and that it is good value.
3. Write down only the number of the blank and the word that fills.
at buy education for he
home man more on on
only pretty style successful teenagers
that that themselves watch young
We dream of being better educated, more __1__, wealthier, better looking, more adventurous, and
so__2__. The advertisers try make us believe __3__ our dreams will come true if we __4__ their products.
This is why advertisers for __5__ cleaning products often try to convince l adies __6__ they can become
perfect wives and mothers __7__ if they use those products. Advertisements aimed __8__ men often
include the picture of a __9__ girl. Such advertisements are suggesting that a __10__ will be more
attractive to women if __11__ owns a certain type of car, or __12__, or if he dresses in a certain __13__.
The feelings which advertisements try to play __14__ will differ according to the age groups __15__
which the advertisements are intended. Advertisements for __16__ will emphasize that those products will
make __17__ people more attractive, more up to date, __18__ socially successful, and more able to enjoy
__19__ , as well as more successful in their __20__ and job prospects.
a at by dollar employment
fail for has his ideas
license needed No not of
of poor quality spent Without
Money spent on advertising is money well __1__. It assists a rapid distribution of goods__2__ reasonable
prices. It draws attention to new __3_ _ and so helps enormously to raise standards __4__ living. By helping
to increase the demand __5__ goods, it increases the number of workers __6__ to supply the goods and,
therefore, provides, __7__. It help to pay for many services. __8__ advertisements, your daily newspaper
would cost a __9__ or more, the price of your television __10__ would need to be doubled, and travel bus
would cost more.
Perhaps most important __12__ all, advertising helps to keep up the __13__ of the product and services
you buy.__14__ regular advertiser dare offer a product that __15__ to live up to the promise of __16__
advertisements. He might fool some people for __17__little while through misleading advertising. He will
__18__ do so for long; for the public __19__ the good sense not to buy the __20__ quality article more
than once.
according advertisements advertisements and attractive
become certain dream he include
educated more of often that
This try often which will
The advertisers know that everyone tends to __1__ of having a better life. We dream __2__ being
better educated, more successful, wealthier __3__, more adventurous, and so on. The advertisers __4__
to make us believe that our dreams __5__ come true if we buy their products. __6__ is why
advertisements for home cleaning products __7__ try to convince ladies that they can __8__ perfect wives
and mothers only if they __9__ those products. Advertisements aimed at men often __10__ the picture of
a pretty girl. Such __11__ are suggesting that a man will be __12__ attractive to women if he owns a
__13__ type of car, or watch, or if __14__ dresses in certain style.
The feelings __15__ advertisements try to play on will differ __16__ to the age groups for which the
__17__ are intended. Advertisements for teenagers will emphasize __18__ those products will make young
people more __19__ , more up to date, more socially successful, __20__ more able to enjoy themselves, as
will as more successful in their education and job prospects.
advertising for he I I
I is of opponents prepared
the what what will would
public seeks surest than that
No regular advertiser dare offer a product __1__ fails to live up to the promise __2__ his advertisement.
He might fool some people __3__ a little while through misleading advertising. He __4__ not do so for
long; for the __5__ h7as the good sense not to buy __6__ poor quality article more than once. If __7__ see
an article advertised, it is the __8__ proof I know that the article does __9__ is claimed for it, and that it
__10__ good value.
There is one more point __11__ feel I ought to touch on. Recently, __12__ heard a well -known
television personality declare that __13__ was against advertising because it persuades rather __14__
informs. This is hair-splitting. Of course advertising __15__ to persuade. If it only gave information __16__
would be so boring that no one __17__ pay any attention. But perhaps that is __18__ the well-known
television personality wants.
at buy do everyone he
home life man on on
only pretty style successful that
that to useful watch which
Most people say that they find advertisement __1__ for giving them information about the products
__2__ are available on the market. But advertisements __3__ not only give information, they also try
__4__ influence our emotions.
The advertisers know that __5__ tends to dream of having a better__6__. We dream of being better
educated, more __7__ , wealthier, better looking, more adventurous, and so __8__.The advertisers try to
make us believe __9__ our dreams will come true if we __10__ their products. This is why advertisements
for __11__ cleaning products often try to convince ladies __12__ they can become perfect wives and
mother __13__ if they use those products. Advertisements aimed __14__ men often include the picture of
a __15__ girl. Such advertisements are suggesting that a __16__ will be more attractive to women if
__17__ owns a certain type of car, or __18__ , or if he dresses in a certain __19__.
The feelings which advertisements try to play __20__ will differ according to the age groups for which
the advertisements are intended.
a able happy in intended
lives money of people personal
picture problem products successful suggesting
the this to try up
Advertisements aimed at min often include the __1__ of a pretty girl. Such advertisements are __2__
that a man will be more attractive __3__ women if he owns a certain type __4__ car, or watch, or if he
dresses__5__ a certain style.
The feelings which advertisements __6__ to play on will differ according to __7__ age groups for which
the advertisements are __8__. Advertisements for teenagers will emphasize that those __9__ will make
young people more attractive, more __10__ to date, more socially successful, and more __11__ to enjoy
themselves, as well as more __12__in their education and job prospects.
The __13__ with advertisements is that they imply that __14__ can make our dreams come true. But
__15__ is obviously not so. We cannot buy __16__ good looks, intelligence, good friendships or a __17__
family. A lot of advertisements are, therefore, __18__ form of lying. They can also make __19__ feel
depressed and discontented with their ordinary __20__.
ft advertiser advertising article employment
for good He ideas live
lot need needed of so
spent the while Without would
Money spent on advertising is money well __1__. It assists a rapid distribution of goods__2__
reasonable prices. It draws attention to new __3_ _ and so helps enormously to raise standards __4__
living. By helping to increase the demand __5__ goods, it increases the number of workers __6__ to supply
the goods and, therefore, provides, __7__. It help to pay for many services. __8__ advertisements, your
daily newspaper would cost a __9__ or more, the price of your television licence would __10__ to be
doubled, and travel bus __11__ cost more.
Perhaps most important of all, __12__ helps to keep up the quality of __13__ product and services you
buy. No regular __14__ dare offer a product that fails to __15__ up to the promise of his advertise ments.
__16__ might fool some people for a little __17__ through misleading advertising. He will not do __18__
for long; for the public has the __19__ sense not to buy the poor quality __20__ more than once.
a about advertising against any
be I in make market
hot offend or persuade pleasure
some they This they will-known
There is one more point I feel __1__ ought to touch on. Recently, I heard __2__ well-known telenision
personality declare that he was __3__ advertising because it persuades rather than informs __4__is hair
splitting. Of course advertising seeks to __5__. If it only gave information, advertising would __6__ so
boring that no one would pay __7__ attention. But perhaps that is what the __8__ television personality
wants.
I am prepared to __9__ just one admission to the opponents of __10__. Not every advertisement is a
good one. __11__ advertisements are silly. Some are pointless –though __12__ very many. Pick up the
nearest magazine __13__ newspaper and count the advertisements that really __14__ you. And then
count the advertisements that, __15__ some degree, interest you, or give you __16__. And be honest!
Most people say that __17__ find advertisements useful for giving them information __18__ the
products which are available on the __19__. But advertisements do not only give information, __20__ also
try to influence our emotions.
and and fool it it
long misleading not Of offer
one only perhaps personally than
that the to to touch
Perhaps most important of all, advertising helps __1__ keep up the quality of the products __2__
services you buy. No regular advertiser dare __3__ a product that fails to live up __4__ the promise of the
his advertisements. He might __5__ some people for a little while through __6__ advertising. He will not
do so for __7__; for the public has the good sense __8__ to buy the poor qua lity article more __9__ once.
If I see article advertised, __10__ is the surest proof I know that __11__ article does what is claimed for it,
__12__ that it is good value.
There is __13__ more point I feel I ought to __14__ on. Recently, I heard a well -known television
__15__ declare that he was against advertising because __16__ persuades rather informs. This is hair-
splitting __17__ course advertising seeks to persuade. If it __18__ gave information, advertising would be
so boring __19__ no one would pay any attention. But __20__ that is what the well - known television
personality wants.
Unit – 9
Sleep And Dreams
a appear are dream may
for had If just Sleep
moves never on REM you
The the the with and
Then, within another half hour, you reach __1__ sleep. This stage might last an hour and __2__ half and
is the time when you __3__. For the rest of the night, REM __4__ NREM alternate. Body movement during
sleep occurs __5__ before the REM stage. The average person __6__ about thirty times during sleep each
night. __7__ is a biological need, but your brain __8__ really sleeps. It is never actually blank. __9__ things
that were on your mind during __10__ day are still there at night. They __11__ as dreams, which people
have been discussing __12__ centuries. At times people believed that dreams __13__ magical powers or
that they could tell __14__ future.
Sometimes dreams are terrifying, but they __15__ usually a collection of scattered, confused thoughts.
__16__ you dream about something that is worrying __17__, you may wake up exhausted, sweating, and
__18__ a rapid heartbeat. Dreams have positive effects __19__ our lives. During a dream, the brain __20__
concentrate on a problem and look for different solutions.
a about are collection dream
heartbeat dreams During four half
In It night or people
still time wake were which
sleep is a biological need, but your brain never really sleeps. __1__ is never actually blank. The things
that __2__ on your mind during the day are __3__ there at night. They appear as dreams, __4__ people
have been discussing for centuries. At __5__ people believed that dreams had magical powers __6__ that
they could tell the future.
Sometimes __7__ are terrifying, but they are usually a __8__ of scattered, confused thoughts. If you
dream __9__ something that is worrying you, you may __10__ up exhausted, sweating, and with a rapid
__11__. Dreams have positive effects on our lives. __12__ a dream, the brain may concentrate on __13__
problem and look for different solutions. Also, __14__ who dream during a good night’s sleep __15__
more likely to remember newly learned skills. __16__ other words, you learn better if you __17__.
Researchers say that normal people may have __18__ or five REM periods of dreaming a __19__. The
first one may begin only a __20__ hour after falling asleep. Each period of dreaming is a little longer, the
last one lasting up to an hour.
a a Also are At
dream dreams lives may on
powers rapid skills sleep sleeps
Sometimes that the thirty you
Body movement during sleep occurs just before __1__ REM stage. The average person moves about
__2__ times during sleep each night. Sleep is __3__ biological need, but your brain never really __4__. It is
never actually bland. The things __5__ were on your mind during the day __5__ still there at night.
They appear as __7__ , which people have been discussing for centuries. __8__ times people believed
that dreams had magical __9__ or that they could tell the future. __10__ dreams are terrifying, but they are
usually __11__ collection of scattered, confused thoughts. If you __12__ about something that is worrying
you, you __13__ wake up exhausted, sweating, and with a __14__ heartbeat. Dreams have positive effects
on our __15__ during a dream, the brain may concentrate __16__ a problem and look for different solutions.
__17__, people who dream during a god night’s __18__ are more likely to remember newly learned __19__
In other words, you learn better if __20__ dream.
appear are begin better different
for good had If may
never newly of on people
The the the you with
Sleep is a biological need, but your brain __1__ really sleeps. It is never actually blank . __2__ things that
were on your mind during __3__ day are still there at night. They __4__ as dreams, which people have
been discussing __5__ centuries. At times people believed that dreams __6__ magical power or that they
could tell __7__ future.
Sometimes dreams are terrifying, but they __8__ usually a collection of scattered, confused thoughts.
__9__ you dream about something that is worrying __10__, you may wake up exhausted, sweating, and
__11__ a rapid heartbeat, dreams have positive effects __12__ our lives. During a dream, the brain __13__
concentrate on a problem and look for __14__ solutions. Also, people who dream during a __15__ night’s
sleep are more likely to remember __16__ learned skills. In other words, you learn __17__ if you dream.
Researchers say that normal __18__ may have four of five REM periods __19__ dreaming a night. The
first one may __20__ only a half hour after falling asleep.
a bad changing children feel
funny is leads Many of
of ones remember talking tell
that the the they white
People dream in colour, but don’t __1__ the colours, Certain people can control some __2__ their
dreams. They make sure they have __3__ happy ending. Some people get relief from __4__ dreams by
writing them down and then __5__ the negative stories or thoughts into positive __6__ on the written
paper. Then they study __7__ paper before they go to sleep again.
__8__ people talk in their sleep, but it __9__ usually just confused half sentences. They might __10__
embarrassed when someone tells them they were __11__ in their sleep, but they probably didn’t __12__
any secrets.
Sleepwalking is most common among __13__. They usually grow out of it by __14__ time they become
adolescents. Children don’t remember __15__ they were walking in their sleep, and __16__ don’t usually
wake up if the parent __17__ them back to bed.
There are lots __18__ jokes about snoring, but it isn’t really __19__. People snore because they gave
trouble breathing __20__ they are asleep.
a any but cannot hour
longer may need only save
sleep sleep Some stay They
they time times too you
There are lots of jokes about snoring, __1__ it isn’t really funny. People snore because __2__ have
trouble breathing while they are asleep. __3__ snores have a condition called sleep apnea __4__ stop
breathing up to thirty or forty __5__ an hour because the throat muscles relax __6__ much and block the
airway.
Most people __7__ form 71/2 to 81/2 hours of sleep __8__ night, but this varies with individuals. Babies
__9__ eighteen hours, and old people need less __10__ than younger people. If someone continually
sleeps __11__ than normal for on apparent reason, there __12__ be something physically or
psychologically wrong.
You __13__ save hours of sleep the way you __14__ money in the bank. If you have __15__ 5 hours of
sleep for three nights, __16__ don’t need to sleep an extra 9 __17__ on the weekend. And it doesn’t do
__18__ good to sleep extra hours ahead of __19__ when you know you will have to __20__ up late.
a and blank brain brain
discussing dreams during effects for
learn may normal periods remember
tell They they thoughts worrying
Sleep is a biological need, but your __1__ never really sleeps. It is never actually __2__. The things that
were on your mind __3__ the day are still there at night. __4__ appear as dreams, which people have been
__5__ for centuries. At times people believed that __6__ has magical power or that they could __7__ the
future.
Sometimes dreams are terrifying, but __8__ are usually a collection of scattered, confused __9__. If you
dream about something that is __10__ you, you may wake up exhausted, sweating, __11__ with a rapid
heartbeat, dreams have positive __12__ on our lives. During a dream, the __13__ may concentrate on a
problem and look __14__ different solutions. Also, people who dream during __15__ good night’s sleep
are more likely to __16__ newly learned skills. In other words, you __17__ better if you dream.
Researchers say that __18__ people may have four of five REM __19__ of dreaming a night. The first
one __20__ begin only a half hour after falling asleep.
also and average began brain
floating have In knew learned
rapid sleep sleeping than that
they they to three up
Sleep is very important to humans; the __1__ person spends 220,000 hours of a lifetime __2__. Until
about thirty years ago, no one __3__ much about sleep. Then doctors and scientists __4__ doing research
in sleep laboratories. The have __5__ a great deal by studying people as __6__ sleep, but there is still much
that __7__ don’t understand.
Scientists study the body characteristics __8__ change during sleep, such as body temperature, __9__
wave, blood pressure, and heartbeat. They __10__ study rapid eye movement(REM). These scientists
__11__ learned that there is a kind of __12__ with REM and another kind with no __13__ eye
movement(NREM).
NREM is divided into __14__ stages. In stage one, when you start __15__ go stage two, you slee p more
deeply, __16__ feeling. A sudden noise can wake you __17__. In stage two, you sleep more deeply, __18__
a noise will probably not wake you __19__ stage three, which you reach in less __20__ thirty minutes, the
brain, the brain waves are less active and stretched out.
about back before by colours
dream dreams ending just negative
night secrets talk the their
they usually usually were when
Dreams also become more intense as the __1__ continues. Nightmares usually occur towards dawn.
People __2__ in colour, but don’t remember the __3__, Certain people can control some of their __4__.
They make sure they have a happy __5__. Some people get relief from bad dreams __6__ writing them
down and then changing the __7__ stories or thoughts into positive ones on __8__ written paper. Then
they study the paper __9__ they go to sleep again.
Many people __10__ in their sleep, but it is usually __11__ confused half sentences. They might feel
embarrassed __12__ someone tells them they were talking in __13__ sleep, but they probably didn’t tell
any __14__.
Sleepwalking is most common among children. They __15__ grow out of it by the time __16__ become
adolescents. Children don’t remember that they __17__ walking in their sleep, and they don’t __18__
wake up if the parent leads them __19__ to bed.
There are lots of jokes __20__ snoring, but it isn’t really funny.
a a Also are At
But can dream dreams In
lives skills on powers rapid
skill may sleep sleeps Sometimes
that the thirty which you
Body movement during sleep occurs just before __1__ REM stage. The average person moves about
__2__ times during sleep each night.
Sleep is __3__ biological need, but your brain never really __4__. It is never actually blank. The things
__5__ were on your mind during the day __6__ still there at night. They appear as __7__, which people
have been discussing for centuries. __8__ times people believed that dreams had magical __9__ or that
they could tell the future.
__10__ dreams are terrifying, but they are usually __11__ collection of scattered, confused thoughts. If
you __12__ about something that is worrying you, you __13__ wake up exhausted, sweating, and with a
__14__ heartbeat. Dreams have positive effects on our __15__. During a dream, the brain may
concentrate __16__ a problem and look for different solutions. __17__, people who dream during a good
night’s __18__ are more likely to remember newly learned __19__. In other words, you learn better if
__20__ dream.
Unit-10
Looking Good.
An and and attracted beautiful
But feel find handsome long
Love low men ones or
Or others slanting some the
Think those turned-up Versa worried
Different people have different ideas of beauty __1__ handsomeness. You only have to look at __2__
around you to realize that people are __3__ by every possible physical type. Some people __4__
plumpness attractive. Some go for black hair; __5__, brown. At different times in history, writers __6__
artists have admired pure, high foreheads or __7__, broad ones, large, round, lustrous eyes or __8__
inscrutable ones; sloping shoulders or brad, square __9__; wide, humorous mouths or neat, small ones;
__10__ noses or straight ones. Some think that __11__ who are tall, dark and muscular are __12__ but for
some, those who are fair __13__ slightly built are cute.
If you are __14__ about how you look, you’re certainly not __15__ only one. Most of your friends
probably __16__ equally insecure, though they may not admit __17__ show it. Girls who are tall usually
__18__ to be dainty and small, and vice __19__, plump girls with rosy round faces would __20__ to be pale
and delicate, slender girls with very white skin hate their pale and colorless look.
and are at figures hair
ideas in may Not people
same skin Snub to to
transformed you you your your
It is natural if your appearance concerns __1__ a great deal. After all, the way __2__ look now may still
be very new __3__ you. From the age of about eleven, __4__ body alters in shape and size, and __ 5__
face changes too. Slight little girls are __6__ into tall young women with well developed __7__. The girl
who used to be tallest __8__ her class may stop growing at fifteen __9__ find herself less than average in
height. __10__ noses lengthen; eyes that previously liked large __11__ appear smaller because they have
remained the __12__ size while the other features have grown. __13__ only that, but the texture of your
__14__ probably is different, and you are likely __15__ suffer from spots.
Different people have different __16__ of beauty. You only have to look __17__ those around y ou to
realize that people __18__ attracted by every possible physical type. Some __19__ find plumpness
attractive. Some go for black __20__; others, brown.
be beauty best but clothes
copy does down grace key
kind make make-up own person
sister suggest those time you
What matters most is the kind of __1__ your are. It would be foolish to __2__ that looks do not matter
at all, __3__ everyoneknows people with all kinds of __4__ handicaps’ who nonetheless have easy, loving
relationships. The __5__ to their success is often a warm, __6__ heart and, most important, s elf-
acceptance. Looking good __7__ not mean making yourself into a carbon __8__ of a famous pop star, your
popular older __9__, or your best friend. It means making the __10__ of you, yourself. Of course, dieting
can __11__ you thinner, or even fatter. Of course, __12__ can improve the way you look with __13__,
hairstyles, skin care and, if you wish, __14__. Of course, good health will give you __15__ and glow. But
when it comes right __16__ to it, you’re still left with your __17__ face and figure, and you cannot trade
__18__ in for different ones. And they will __19__ with you for a very, very long __20__.
At attractive be be do
every girls have how humorous
insecure it one ones ones
or you You You white
Different people have different ideas of beauty. __1__ only have to look at those around __2__ to
realize that people are attracted by __3__ possible physical type. Some people find plumpness __4__.
Some go for black hair; others, brown. __5__ different times in history, writers and artists __6__ admires
pure, high foreheads or low, broad __7__; large, round, lustrous eyes or slanting, inscrutable __8__;
sloping shoulders or broad, square ones; wide, __9__ mouths or neat, small ones; turned-up noses __10__
straight ones.
If you are worried about __11__ you look, you’re certainly not the only __12__. Most of your friends
probably feel equally __13__, though they may not admit or show __14__. Girls who are tall usually long to
__15__ dainty and small, and vice versa; plump __16__ with rosy round faces would love to __17__ pale
and delicate; slender girls with very __18__ skin hate their pale and colorless look.
__19__ are being conditioned into feeling as you __20__. A lot of pressures are encouraging you to
worry about your appearance.
Ankles advertisements bad become friends
Like may quite slim subject
Themselves thin way when who
Will you you you you
You are being conditioned into felling as __1__ do. A lot of pressures are encouraging __2__ to worry
about your appearance. Women’s magazines, __3__ and the media all concentrate on the __4__, and they
bombard you with warnings about __5__ breath, perspiration, being too fat or too __6__. They even give
the impression that if __7__ use a certain shampoo or cosmetic, you __8__ become attractive to boys.
Your parents may __9__ involved in this process too, by encouraging __10__. To think about your
appearance, and your __11__ may create an atmosphere of competition.
The __12__ you see yourself in your mind’s eye __13__ not even be accurate. For instance, girls __14__
have once been fat often think of __15__ like this long after they have become __16__. Girls with a feature
they do not __17__, such as a long nose or thick __18__, become so unhappy about it that even __19__
they look in the mirror, they are __20__ unable to judge their total appearance.
of bombard rosy to being
hate about an who look
certain and being they about
give this media and lot
about about an and and
being being bombard certain give
hate look lot media of
rosy they this to who
if you are worried about how you __1__, you’re certainly not the only one. Most __2__ your friends
probably feel eequally insecure, thought __3__ may not admit or show it. Girls __4__ are tall usually long to
be dainty __5__ small, and vice versa; plump girls with __6__ round faces would love to be pale __7__
delicate; slender girls with very white skin __8__ their pale and colorless look. You are __9__ conditioned
into feeling as you do. A __10__ of pressures are encouraging you to worry __11__ your appearance.
Women’s magazine, advertisements and the __12__ all concentrate on the subject, and they __13__ you
with warnings about bad breath, perspiration, __14__ too fat or too thin, They even __15__ the expression
that if you use a __16__ shampoo or cosmetic, you will become attractive __ 17__ boys. Your parents may
become involved in __18__ process too, by encouraging you to think __19__ your appearance, and your
friends may create __20__ atmosphere of competition.
A and beauty but carbon
Course fatter good if it
Means ones person popular still
Suggest The warm will you
What matters most is the kind of __1__ you are. It would be foolish to __2__ that looks do not matter at
all, __3__ everyone knows people with all kinds of __4__ handicaps’ who nonetheless have easy, loving
relationships. __5__ key to their success is often a __6__ kind heart and, most important, self-acceptance.
Looking __7__ does not mean making yourself into a __8__ copy of a famous pop star, your __9__ older
sister, or your best friend. It __10__ making the best of you , yourself. Of __11__, dieting can make you
thinner, or even __12__ Of course, you can improve the way __13__ look with clothes, hairstyle, skin care
and, __14__. You wish, make-up. Of course, good health __15__ give you grace and glow. But when
__16__ comes right down to it, you’re __17__ left with your own face and figure, __18__ you cannot trade
those in for different __19__. And they will be with you for __20__ very, very long time.
about appearance But do have
instance is keep mind’s not
or remember see that the
these they think with would
The way you see yourself in your __1__ eye may not even be accurate. For __2__, girls who have once
been fat often __3__ of themselves like this long after they __4__ become slim. Girls with a feature they
__5__ not like, such a long nose __6__ thick ankles, become do unhappy about it __7__ even when they
look in the mirror, __8__ are quite unable to judge to heir total __9__. Height, weight and how they smell
are __10__ things that can part6icularly worry young boys. __11__ try and think about things you like
__12__ yourself and the way you look, Also __13__ that your body is changing and will __14__ changing.
If you could only relax and __15__ yourself clearly, you might see how unimportant __16__ so-called
defects actually are.
What matters most __17__ the kind of person you are. It __18__ be foolish to suggest that looks do
__19__ matter at all, but everyone knows people __20__ all kinds of ‘beauty handicaps’ who nonetheless
have easy, loving relationships.
and and cosmetic hate if
look men’s of on or
rosy shorter tall that they
warnings who would you you
If you are worried about how you __1__, you’re certainly not the only one. Most __2__ your friends
probably feel equally insecure, though __3__ may not admit or show it. Girls __4__ are tall usually long to
be dainty __5__ small, and vice versa; plump girls with __6__ round faces would love to be pale __7__
delicate; slender girls with very white skin __8__ their pale and colorless look. Thin boys __9__ like to put
on more weight and __10__ and gangling boys would like to be __11__. You are being conditioned into
feeling as __12__ do. A lot of pressures are encouraging __13__ to worry about your appearance. Women’s
magazines, __14__ magazines, advertisements and the media all concentrate __15__ the subject, and they
bombard you with __16__ about bad breath, perspiration, being too fat __17__ too thin. They even give the
impression __18__ if you use a certain shampoo or __19__, you will become attractive to boys. And __20__
boys drive a certain aftershave, they will be attracted to girls.
alters boys changes changes class
14 from girl herself is
lengthen smaller start tall that
to you you voice while
It is natural if your appearance concerns __1__ a great deal. After all, the way __2__ look now may still
be very new __3__ you. Between the ages of 10 and __4__ most boys and girls begin to notice __5__ taking
places to their bodies. Your body __6__ in shape and size, and your face __7__ too. Slight little girls are
transformed into __8__ young women with will developed figure. The __9__ who used to be tallest in her
__10__ may stop growing at fifteen and find __11__ less than average in height. Snub noses __12__; eyes
that previously looked large may appear __13__ because they have remained the same size __14__ the other
features have grown. Not only __15__ but the texture of your skin probably __16__ different, and you are
likely to suffer __17__ spots. Generally the changes start later for __18__ than for girls.
In some people they __19__ before the age of 10. A boy’s __20__ gets deeper, his muscles develop and
his chest gets broader.
and and attracted feel find
handsome long low men ones
or or others plump slanting
the those to turned-up worried
Different people have different ideas of beauty __1__ handsomeness. You only have to look at __2__
around you to realize that people are __3__ by every possible physical type. Some people __4__
plumpness attractive. Some go for black hair; __5__, brown. At different times in history, writers __6__
artists have admired pure, high foreheads or __7__, broad ones, large, round, lustrous eyes or __8__
inscrutable ones; sloping shoulders or brad, square __9__; wide, humorous mouths or neat, smal l ones;
__10__ noses or straight ones. Some think that __11__ who are tall, dark and muscular are __12__ but for
some, those who are fair __13__ slightly built are cute.
If you are __14__ about how you look, you’re certainly not __15__ only one. Most of your friends
probably __16__ equally insecure, though they may not admit __17__ show it. Girls who are tall usually
__18__ to be dainty and small, and vice versa; __19__ girls with rosy round faces would love __20__ be
pale and delicate, slender girls with very white skin hate their pale and colorless look.
as comes course fatter give
having heart if knows looks
means not of often sister
to you warm who with
It would be foolish to suggest that __1__ do not matter at all, but everyone __2__ people with all kinds
of ‘beauty handicaps’ __3__ nonetheless have easy, loving relationships. The key __4__ their success is
often a warm, kind __5__ and, most important, self-acceptance. Looking good does __6__ mean making
yourself into a carbon copy __7__ a famous pop star, your popular older __8__ or brother, or your best
friend. It __9__ making the best of you, yourself. Of __10__, dieting can make you thinner, or even __11__.
Of course, you can improve the way __12__ look with clothes, hairstyle, skin care and, __13__ you wish,
make-up. Washing your face more __14__ with mild unpe rfumed or antiseptic soap and __15__ water and
not eating certain foods such __16__ chips and chocolate can prevent you from __17__ bad smell. Of
course, good health will __18__ you grace and glow. But when it __19__ right down to it, you’re still left
__20__ your own face and figure, and you cannot trade those in for different ones.
and and ankles at clearly
defects foolish If into kind
kinds like loving often quite
self-acceptance that weight when your
Girls with a feature they do not __1__, such as a long nose or thick __2__ become so unhappy about it
that even __3__ they look in the mirror, they are __4__ unable to judge their total appearance. Height, __5
__ and how they smell are the things __6__ can particularly worry young boys. But try __7__ think about
things you like about yourself __8__ the way you look. Also remember that __9__ body is changing and will
keep changing __10__ you could only relax and see yourself __11__, you might see how unimpo rtant these
so-called __12__ actually are.
What matters most is the __13__ of person you are it would be __14__ to suggest that looks do not
matter __15__ all, but everyone knows people with all __16__ of ‘beauty handicaps’ who nonetheless
have easy, __17__ relationships. The key to their success is __18__ a warm, kind heart and, most
important, __19__. Looking good does not mean making yourself __20__ a carbon copy of a famous pop
star, your popular older sister, or your best friend.
Unit-11
Mosquito: Getting To Know The Enemy.
after are billion by common
completely days dengue in include
major no pain pain the
the to types virus with
Dengue Fever is a viral disease carried __1__ the Aedes mosquitoes. The disease occurs mainly __2__
tropical and subtropical regions and is most __3__ during the rainy season in areas infested _ _4__ the
infected mosquitoes. According to the WHO, 2.5 __5__ people are at risk from the four __6__ types of
dengue virus, which is transmitted __7__ people from infected mosquitoes. Each year there __8__ tens of
millions of cases.
Symptoms of __9__ fever generally start 5 to 6 days __10__ being bitten by the infected mosquito and
__11__ fever, painful headaches, eye, joint, and muscle __12__, and rash. The rash usually begins on
__13__arms or legs about 3 to 4 __14__ after the fever starts, these symptoms resolve __15__ within 1 to
2 weeks.
There is __16__ vaccine against dengue fever. Recommended treatment for __17__ disease is bed rest
and common drugstore __18__ and fever medication. Since there are for __17__ disease is bed rest one
type of __20__ will only give protection against that type, not the others.
only some clots eggs mosquito
which welts the on need
mosquitoes bitten of or our
her adult scales larvae female
There are about 3,000 species of mosquitoes, __1__ are distinguished by their antennae of 14 __2__ 15
segments and by the presence of __3__ on the veins of their wings. The __4__ are called wigglers and are
aquatic, feeding __5__ plants, algae, and microscopic animals life. Some __6__ feed on the juices of plants
and __7__ do not feed at all in their __8__ stage. Only female mosquitoes suck the blood __9__ humans
and other warm-blooded animals, because they __10__ blood to develop each batch of fertile __11__. But
like the male mosquito, females feed __12__ on nectar for their food source.
The __13__ mosquito locates her human target by following __14__ carbon dioxide that we exhale.
When the __15__ mosquito bites a human, she injects saliva into __16__ skin before drawing blood. This
saliva helps __17__ to penetrate the skin and prevents blood __18__ from developing in her food canal.
The __19__ and itching that we experience after being __20__ are an allergic reaction to the saliva.
about and and birds by
because develop feed female for
habitats her into One other
pests the the veins wigglers
Nearly two million species of insects grouped, __1__ about 30 orders, live in many different __2__
throughout the world. They are very important __3__ they pollinate flowers and are food for __4__ and
other animals. However, many insects are __5__ that feed on crops or spread diseases. __6__ such insect
is the mosquito. There are __7__ 3,000 species of mosquitoes, which are disti nguished __8__ their
antennae of 14 or 15 segments __9__ by the presence of scales on the __10__ of their wings. The larvae
are called __11__ and are aquatic, feeding on plants, algae, __12__ microscopic animal life. Some
mosquitoes feed on __13__ juices of plants, and some do not __14__ at all in their adult stage.
Only __15__ mosquitoes suck the blood of humans and __16__ warm-blooded animals, because they
need blood to __17__ each batch of fertile eggs. But like __18__ male mosquito, females feed onl y on
nectar __19__ their food source. The female mosquito locates __20__ human targets by following the
carbon dioxide that we exhale.
after aquatic because by can
canal females in itchy life
mosquitoes of plants prevents saliva
saliva source the the When
The larvae are called wigglers and are __1__, feeding on plants, algae, and microscopic animal __2__.
Some mosquitoes feed on the juices of __3__, and do not feed at all __4__ their adult stage. Only female
mosquitoes suck __5__ blood of humans and other warm-blooded animals, __6__ they need blood to
develop each batch __7__ fertile eggs. But like the male mosquito, __8__ feed only on nectar for their food
__9__.
The female mosquito locates her human targets __10__ following the carbon dioxide that we exhale.
__11__ the mosquito bites a human, she injects __12__ into our skin before drawing blood. This __13__
helps her to penetrate the skin and __14__ blood clots from developing in her food __15__. The welts and
itching that we experience __16__ being bitten are an allergic reaction to __17__ saliva.
Few people like mosquitoes. They inflict __18__ bites and buzz around ou r ears. But __19__ are much
more than a nuisance, they __20__ pose serious health hazards.
and and But diseases experience
feed food form getting inflammation
inflect Mosquitoes namely they to
This to to Viral when
When the mosquito bites a human, she __1__ saliva into our skin before drawing blood. __2__ saliva
helps her to penetrate the skin __3__ prevents blood clots from developing in her __4__ canal. The welts
and itching that we __5__ after being bitter are an allergic reaction __6__ the saliva.
Few people like mosquitoes. They __7__ itchy bites and buzz around our ears. __8__ mosquitoes are
much more than a nuisance, __9__ can pose serious health hazards. Insects that __10__ on blood have the
potential to transmit __11__ between humans and between animals and humans. __12__ are the most
highly developed insect bloodsuckers __13__ are carriers of several very serious diseases, __14__ yellow
fever, encephalitis, dengue fever, and malaria.
__15__ encephalitis is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes __16__ infected small animals, usually birds
and rodents, __17__ human. It is a disease that causes __18__ of the brain, and the risk of __19__ the
disease is highest during warm months __20__ birds and mosquitoes reproduce.
after are are between by
can canal encephalitis human infected
itchy mosquitoes of on prevents
salvia saliva the When yellow
The female mosquito locates her human targets __1__ following the carbon dioxide that we exhale.
__2__ the mosquito bites a human, she injects __3__ into our skin before drawing blood. This __4__ helps
her to penetrate the skin and __5__ blood clots from developing in her food __6__. The welts and itching
that we experience __7__ being bitten are allergic reaction to __8__ saliva.
Few people like mosquitoes. They inflict __9__ bites and buzz around our ears. But __10__ are much
more than a nuisance, they __11__ pose serious health hazards. Insects that feed __12__ blood have the
potential to transmit diseases __13__ human and between animals and humans. Mosquitoes __14__ the
most highly developed insect bloodsuckers and __15__ carriers of several very serious diseases, namely
__16__ fever, encephalitis, dengue fever, and malaria.
Viral __17__ is a disease transmitted by from __18__ small animals, usually birds and rodents, to
__19__. It is a disease that causes inflammation __20__ the brain, and the risk of getting the disease is
highest during warm months when birds and mosquitoes reproduce.
Unit – 12
Travel In Southeast Asia (1)
1. Fill in each numbered blank with a word a from the list given.
and are attention can courtyard
finest frescos from just of
of plenty silver Silver Pagoda Silver Pagoda
The kingdom of Cambodia occupies part of __1__ Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. There is __2__
to see in Phnom Penh, the capital __3__ Cambodia, starting with a tour of the __4__, the Nati onal
Museum, Independence Monument, W at Phnom __5__ the market areas where hand-woven silks, __6__,
gems and antiques will compete for your __7__.
Located within the Royal Palace compound, the __8__ is so named because of its floor, __9__ is made
up of 5,000 silver tiles. __10__ walls surrounding the compound are covered with __11__ depicting
episodes from the Khmer version of __12__ Ramayana, the Reamers.
The National Museum, located __13__ north Royal Place, represents the __14__ of Phnom Penh’s
architecture. On display inside __15__ more than 5,000 works of art, ranging __16__ the 6 to the 13
Century. Visitors __17__ rest by the peaceful, palm- shaded central __18__ and lotus ponds and think
about one __19__ Asia’s richest cultures.
Angkor Wat, which is __20__ in northwest Cambodia, is the largest temple in the world.
amidst and and built heart-stopping
in is it of one
one One over plastics regarded
temple the the volcanoes work
Indonesia is a land of surprises, featuring __1__ rich culture and arts of its people __2__ the sandy
beaches and cool mountains. The __3__ in Indonesia are among the most active __4__ the world.
It has population of __5__ 170 million with many different ethnic groups __6__ some 250 spoken
languages.
Jakarta, the capital __7__ Indonesia on the northwest coast of Java, __8__ a place where industries like
textiles, chemicals, __9__, etc. are concentrated. Not to be missed __10__ one of the world’s wonders –
the biggest Buddhist __11__ in the world – at Candi Borobudur in Java __12__ during the ninth century.
In east Java, __13__ can find the most exciting mountain scenery. __14__ can visit mountain resorts
such as Tretes __15__ Selecta; take a short ferry ride from __16__ city of Surabaya to Madura for a __17__
bull race, filled with excitement.
Yogyakarta is __18__ as a special cultural centre of Java. __19__ offers festi vals royal ceremonies, batik
and silver __20__, and the sultan’s palaces are proof of its heritage.
amidst and and as Buddhist
east for in in is
is mountain of of over
plastics ride the volcanoes Yogyakarta
Indonesia is a land of surprises, featuring __1__ rich culture and arts of its people __2__ the sandy
beaches and cool mountains. The __3__ in Indonesia are among the most active __4__ the world.
It has population of __5__ 170 million with many different ethnic groups __6__ some 250 spoken
languages.
Jakarta, the capital __7__ Indonesia on the northwest coast of Java, __8__ a place where industries like
textiles, chemicals, __9__, etc. are concentrated. Not to be missed __10__ one of the world’s wonders –
the biggest Buddhist __11__ in the world – at Candi Borobudur __12__ Java, built during the ninth century.
In __13__ Java, one can find the most exciting __14__ scenery. One can visit mountain resorts such
__15__ Tretes and Selecta; take a short ferry __16__ from the city of Surabaya to Ma dura __17__ a heart-
stopping bull race, filled with excitement.
__18__ is regarded as a special cultural centre __19__ Java. It offers festivals royal ceremonies, __20__
and silver work, and the sultan’s palaces are proof of its heritage.
4. Fill in each numbered blank with a word a from the list given.
attention courtyard floor inside located
of of of plenty Phnom
ranging silver tiles Silver with
The kingdom of Cambodia occupies part of __1__ Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. There is __2__
to see in Phnom Penh, the capital __3__ Cambodia, starting with a tour of the __4__ Pagoda, the National
Museum, Independence Monument, W at __5__ and the market areas where hand-woven silks, __6__,
gems and antiques will compete for your __7__.
Located within the Royal Palace compound, the __8__ is so named because of its __9__, which is made
up of 5,000 silver __10__ tiles. The walls surrounding the compound are covered __11__ frescos depicting
episodes from the Khmer version __12__ the Ramayana, the Reamers.
The National Museum, __13__ just north Royal Place, represents __14__ finest of Phnom Penh’s
architecture. On display inside __15__ more than 5,000 works of art, __16__ from the 6th to the 13th
Century. __17__ can rest by the peaceful, palm- shaded central __18__ and lotus ponds and think about
one __19__ Asia’s richest cultures.
Angkor W at, which is __20__ in northwest Cambodia, is the largest temple in the world.
Unit – 13
Travel In Southeast Asia (2)
an as Began capital famous
greatness Just life-blood many Mandalay
one places recognized stand such
the the timber with Yangon
Myanmar, known as “The Golden Land”, is __1__ for its glittering pagodas, vast tracts of __2__ forests
and huge mineral resources, as well __3__ for the hospitality of its people. The __4__ city and the gateway
to Myanmar is __5__. One can find many famous historic pagodas __6__ as the Shwedagon, mus eums,
parks and many __7__ of recreation.
The Ayeyarwady river is the __8__ of the Myanmar people. Along its banks __9__ many ancient capitals
of Myanmar kings- Tagaung, __10__, Amarapura, Sagaing, Inwa, Bagan and Pyay, where __11__ existing
old monuments and buildings reveal the __12__ of their time of glory. Among others, __13__ with its
thousands of old pagodas is __14__ by the world’s travellers as one of __15__ world’s wonders. This 1,200
years old city, __16__ over 2,000 ancient pagodas is proof of __17__ rich cultural heritage of Myanmar and
is __18__ of the archaeological treasure houses in Asia. __19__ 50 kilometres southeas5 of Bagan lies
Mount Popa, __20__ extinct volcano.
attractions can fun Here island
its level Museum of offers
offshore sea Sentosa’s Siloso Singapore
statue the These two World
Singapore comprises one main island and several __1__ islands. Sentosa, an island resort of Singapore,
__2__ a collection of the country’s finest attractions. __3__ include the 37-metre tall Merlion, Images
__4__, Fort Siloso, the renowned Musical Fountain, Underwater __5__, Fantasy Island, Volcanoland,
Butterfly Park/Insect Kingdo __6__, Sentosa Orchid Gardens and Asian Village.
While __7__ seekers can delight in its many __8__ attractions, nature lovers can discover the charm of
throughout the __11__ while beach lovers can relax and enjoy __12__ sports along the 3.2 kilometres
stretch __13__ Siloso, Central and Tanjong Beaches.
The Merlion, a __14__ with a lion’s head and the body __15__ a fish, is a major tourist attraction
__16__, visitors get a breathtaking view of Sentosa, __17__ city skyline and the surrounding islands from
__18__ viewing decks-on the 9th level at __19__ mouth and on the 12th, its topmost __20__.
Unit-14
HELEN KELLER.
a a after children deaf
he her husband live look
lucky needed or place see
the The the very whatever
In January, 1882, Helen almost died of __1__ mysterious illness. Her parents were relieved when __2__
doctor finally told them, “You are very __3__ parents. She’s going to live,” But shortly __4__ the doctor
left, Mrs. Keller saw a strange __5__ in her baby’s eyes. She called to __6__. “Helen, Helen.” She then
screamed for her __7__ “Captain, come quickly. Look at Helen.” Before __8__ arrived he heard her cry,”
She can’t __9__ or hear! My baby is blind and __10__”.
Helen’s world was a dark and silent __11__. She became a very difficult child to __12__ with. She ran
about the house doing __13__ she wanted. She became angry and violent __14__ easily and threw things
onto the floor __15__ at other people. She fought with other __16__ and sometimes hurt them.
Helen was almost __17__ world child. No one could control her. __18__ Kellers didn’t know what to do.
They __19__ help. In February 1887, Captain Keller contacted the __20__ Perkins Institute for the Blind in
Boston.
a and Annie arrived Doll
door found Helen helping her
her her it plates suitcase
to tooth very violently wants
Annie Sullivan was excited by the idea of __1__ a deaf-blind child. She agrees to travel __2__ Tuscumbia
and become Helen’s teacher. When she __3__ at the Keller house, she found a __4__ messy, spoilt little
girl. Helen grabbed Annie’s __5__ and immediately began pulling everything out of __6__.
Annie took a present for Helen from __7__ suitcase. It was a doll. Then, using __8__ special alphabet,
she spelt into Helen’s hand, “D-O-L-L, __9__. I’m going to teach you language, the __10__ to the world for
you,” she told __11__.
Helen grabbed the doll and threw it __12__ onto the floor. Annie tried to make __13__ pick it up. But,
instead, Helen kicked __14__ in the face and knocked out a __15__!
At the dining table that evening, Annie __16__ that Helen was allowed to eat with __17__ hands and
take food from other people’s __18__. Captain Keller explained, “We can’t have any peace __19__ quiet
unless we give her what she __20__”.
a and after at deaf
easily for he help her
husband Kellers live look lucky
place see she the wild
In January, 1882, Helen almost died of __1__ mysterious illness. Her parents were relieved when
__2__ doctor finally told them, “You are very __3__ parents. She’s going to live,” But shortly __4__ the
doctor left, Mrs. Keller saw a strange __5__ in her baby’s eyes. She called to __6__. “Helen, Helen.” She
then screamed for her __7__ “Captain, come quickly. Look at Helen.” Before __8__ arrived he heard her
cry,” She can’t __9__ or hear! My baby is blind and __10__”.
about the house doing whatever __13__ wanted. She became angry and violent very __14__ and threw
things onto the floor or __15__ other people. She fought with other children __16__ sometimes hurt them.
Helen was almost a __17__ child. No one could control her.The __18__ didn’t know what to do. They
needed __19__. In February 1887, Captain Keller contacted the Perkins Institute __20__ the Blind in
Boston. He asked the director of the Institute for help with Helen.
a Annie asked children explained
her live needed or Perkins
place she The think to
very was with whatever would
Helen was almost __7__ wild child. Jo one could control her. __8__ Kellers didn’t know what to do. They
__9__ help. In February, 1887, Captain Keller contacted the __10__. Institute for the Blind in Boston. He
__11__ the director of the Institute for help __12__ Helen.
The director of the Institute spoke __13__ a young woman called Annie Sullivan. He told __14__ about
Helen and asked her if she __15__ like to become Helen’s teacher. The director __16__, “Helen is a very
intelligent child, but __17__ has no language. There’s a treasure inside __18__ that needs to be opened.”
And I __19__ you can open it for her. “Annie Sullivan __20__ excited by the idea of helping deaf -blind
child.
a and can’t chair depend
everything her her I idea
knocking napkin not napkin only
She the the The very
I forced Helen to sit in a __1__ and eat from her own plate with __2__ spoon. She was very strong. She
kept __3__ over her chair and throwing things onto __4__ floor. But finally she sat and ate __5__ food.
On that first evening, Mrs. Keller wasn’t __6__ happy with me. “Miss Sullivan,” she said, “I’m __7__ sure
about your method of teaching Helen.” “__8__ ate with a spoon and folded her __9__,” I told her. “My
Helen folded her __10__!” said Mrs. Keller. She couldn’t believe her ears!
__11__next day, I told Helen’s father, “I __12__ do anything with Helen unless I have __13__ all to
myself. I want her to __14__ on me for her food, her clothes, __15__. “Then I asked him if Helen and
__16__ could live alone in the guesthouse in __17__ Kellers’ garden. He wasn’t happy with the __18__, but
he agreed. He said that Helen __19__ I could live in the guesthouse but __20__ for two weeks.
a Annie’s eat evening from
hand have Helen her language
of of other out she
she threw to travel using
Annie Sullivan was excited by the idea __1__ helping a deaf-blind child. She agreed to __2__ to
Tuscumbia and become Helen’s teacher. When __3__ arrived at the Keller’ house, she found __4__ a very
messy, spoilt little girl. Helen grabbed __5__ suitcase and immediately began pulling everything out __6__
it.
Annie took a present for Helen __7__ her suitcase. It was a doll. Then, __8__ a special alphabet, she
spelt into Helen’s __9__, “D-O-L-L, Doll. I’m going to teach you __10__, the door to the world for you,”
__11__ told Helen.
Helen grabbed the doll and __12__ it violently onto the floor. Annie tried __13__ make her pick it up.
But, instead, __14__ kicked Annie in the face and knocked __15__ a tooth!.
At the dining table that __16__, Annie found that Helen was allowed to __17__ with her hands and take
food from __18__ people’s plate. Captain Keller explained, “We can’t __19__ any peace and quiet unless
we give __20__ what she wants.”
a Annie Sullivan but children director
He help I inside live
needed or place she spoke
The the told very whatever
Helen was almost __7__ wild child. No one could control her. __8__ Kellers didn’t know what to so. They
__9__ help. In February, 1887, Captain Keller contacted __10__ Perkins Institute for the Blind in Boston. _-
11__ asked the director of the Institute for __12__ with Helen.
The director of the Institute __13__ to a young woman called Annie Sullivan. He __14__ Annie about
Helen and asked her if __15__ would like to become Helen’s teacher. The __16__ explained, “Helen is a
very intelligent child, __17__she has no language. There’s a treasure __18__ her that needs to be opened.
And __19__ think you can open it for her.” __20__ was excited by the idea of hel ping a deaf-blind child.
baby done for grabbed happened
I I is It look
morning nouns out rest she
she the time under what
The two weeks passed, On the last __1__ Mrs. Keller spoke to me. “Miss Sullivan, your eyes __2__ very
tired,” she said. “Why don’t you __3__ ? We’re very happy with all that you’ve __4__ fr Helen. She’s a
different child.” “She __5__ different,” I said. “She has manners, but __6__ doesn’t have language. She can
spell thirteen __7__ and five verbs, but she doesn’t know __8__ they mean.”
Later that day, Helen and __9__ were in the garden. I was thinking __10__ was my las t day. I needed
more __11__. We walked over to the water pump. _-12€__ began pumping. Then I put Helen’s hand
__13__ the gushing water. As usual, I spelt __14K__ word for her, “W-A-T-E-R.”
Then something _-15__. In a very strange voice, as if __16__ remembered something from when she
was a __17__, I heard Helen say, “Wah- Wah.” Then she __18__ my hand and spelt, “W-A-T-E-R.” I called
__19__ her parents.
Captain and Mrs. Keller came running __20__ of the house.

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2019 - 2020

English ( question – II)

there in the __19__ he found various kinds of meat and __20__.

The Moon: A Nice Place To Visit?

and blanket blotting directly down

during from hour its may

no ranging rays shatter the

the the there Thus to

Reflects the light of __20__ sun.

against also an any lack

course described devoid environment surface

leak moon not on wind

that the years your atmosphere

the moon is actually a very hostile __3__ for human beings.

distance home in moon of

of on rotates shield Since

to the the the the

the twenty-nine you view visible

from the unfiltered sunlight to __6__ them.

You can leave your compass__12__ too.

the equator ten times.

and but clear earth earth

earth the moon more same

Sound that there there to

to too transmit your would

sunlight to view __3__.

into is is light moon

no not produced the the

the the waves you your

Clocks Through Time

longer melt moves on part

stick stripe that that the

them time three were which

an bulbs candles glass had

had hour hour know level

level line melt stripe that

the the three was way

cart clocks clocks did hours

still the They This wanted

Watches weight were were were

clocks clocks clocks do either

have hours house in in

knowing more or or people

second They This time weight

And and and and control

Cranes is mend parts physical

Programmed reliable robots to to

Useful brain no robots without

Dreams Do Come True

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there in the 19 he found various kinds of meat and 20.

Reflects the light of 20 sun.

the moon is actually a very hostile 3 for human beings.

from the unfiltered sunlight to 6 them.

You can leave your compass12 too.

sunlight to view 3.