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    7 Torsion

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    Abhinay Adluri
    Thank you for the presentation on torsion of circular shafts. I appreciate you taking the time to explain this important structural engineering concept.

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    7 Torsion

    Uploaded by

    Abhinay Adluri
    51 views38 pages
    Thank you for the presentation on torsion of circular shafts. I appreciate you taking the time to explain this important structural engineering concept.

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    7Torsion

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    Thank you for the presentation on torsion of circular shafts. I appreciate you taking the time to explain this important structural engineering concept.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views38 pages

    7 Torsion

    Uploaded by

    Abhinay Adluri
    Thank you for the presentation on torsion of circular shafts. I appreciate you taking the time to explain this important structural engineering concept.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 38

    STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

    TORSION OF
    CIRCULAR SHAFTS

    Dr. S VENKATESWARA RAO


    Assistant Professor
    Civil Engineering Department
    30-10-2017 1
    Torsion of Shafts:

    Turbine exerts torque T on the shaft

    Shaft transmits the torque to the generator

    Generator creates an equal and opposite torque T’ on the shaft


    (action-reaction principle)
    In addition to the bars/rods under axial loads as discussed in
    previous Chapters, there are other loading cases in engineering
    practice.
    In this chapter we will discuss the effects of applying a torsional
    loading to a long straight circular member such as a shaft or tube.
    We are going to show how to determine both the
    • Shear strain and shear stress
    • The angle of twist
    Torsion of Circular Shafts
    • We assume
    – Bar is in pure torsion
    – Small rotations (the length and radius will not change)
    • How does the bar deform?
    – Cross-section of the bar remains the same shape, bar is
    simply rotating.

    – Cross-section remains perpendicular to axis of cylinder


    (cylinder does not warp). Not true for most
    non-circular bars

    4
    Shaft: Shafts are structural members with
    length significantly greater than the largest
    cross sectional dimensional used in
    transmitting torque from one plane to
    another plane.

    Torsion refers to the twisting of a straight


    member under the action of a turning
    moment or torque which tends to produce a
    rotation about the longitudinal axis.
    Pure Torsion: A shaft of circular section is said to be in pure
    torsion when it is subjected to equal and opposite end couples
    whose axes coincide with the axis of the shaft.

    Beam bends as an effect of bending moment.


    Shaft twists as an effect of torsion.
    Shaft Deformations
    • From observation, the angle of twist of
    the shaft is proportional to the applied
    torque and to the shaft length.   T
    L
    • When subjected to torsion, every cross-
    section of a circular shaft remains plane
    and undistorted.
    • Cross-sections for hollow and solid
    circular shafts remain plain and
    undistorted because a circular shaft is
    axisymmetric.
    • Cross-sections of noncircular (non-
    axisymmetric) shafts are distorted when
    subjected to torsion.
    Theory of pure Bending
    A solid cylindrical shaft of radius R
    and length L subjected to a couple or
    twisting moment T at one end, while
    its other end is fixed by the
    application of a balancing couple of
    the same magnitude.

    Let AB is a line on the surface of the


    shaft and parallel to the axis of the φ
    shaft before the deformation of the
    shaft.
    θ
    Torsional moment of resistance
    Fig. shows section of the shaft of radius R subjected to pure
    torsion.

    R
    36 MPa
    48 MPa
    90 mm
    120 mm
    Shafts in series and in parallel:
    a)When two shafts are connected so as to remain continuous in
    length wise, they are said to be in series.
    d1 φ
    T is same for both the A B d2 φ
    C
    shafts.
    Let fs1 and fs2 are the
    l1 l2
    extreme shear stresses
    for two shafts.
    T = T 1 + T2 l2
    d2
    Assuming no slip d1
    between the two shafts.
    The twist will be same for
    l1
    each shaft, θ1= θ2 = θ
    Shear and Torsional Resilience:
    Shear resilience: q
    A A1 B B1
    A block ABCD of side l whose
    thickness perpendicular to the plane
    φ φ
    of the figure is unit.
    Let the faces Ab and CD are subjected D C
    to shear stresses of intensity q due to q
    a tangential force P applied along AB
    40 mm bx 80 mm

    X dx
    1200 mm
    Q. A compound shaft is made of two materials, on the left is 1 m
    length of steel, 90 mm diameter, and on the right is 0.8 m
    length of aluminium, 60 mm diameter. The shaft is fixed at the
    left end and a torque of 1 kNm is applied at the right end as
    shown in fig. Determine the additional torque that can be
    applied at B without exceeding the permissible stress in steel
    of 90 MPa. Also work out the nature and magnitude of a
    torque T to be applied at B so that the angle of twist at C with
    respect to A is zero. The modulus of rigidity is 85 GPa for
    steel and 30 GPa for aluminium.

    1 kN m
    steel Aluminium
    C
    A B
    1m 0.8 m
    THANK YOU

    30-10-2017 38

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