Load Management And Monitoring System

By
Junaid Ahmad (15103122-023)
Mehmood ul Hassan (1510122-022)

Project Supervisor
Engr. Muhammad Mubeen Khan

Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology

UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT
Session 2015-19
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are sincerely thankful to all those people who have provided us any kind of

assistance in making of this project.

We express our gratitude to Sir Engr. Muhammad Mubeen Khan who has supervised

us using his vast experience and knowledge and makes us ably and successfully towards

the completion of most of the project. We also express our gratitude to the Department

of Electrical Engineering and Technology, University of Gujrat for providing us a

helping platform.

We would hereby, make most of the opportunity by expressing our sincere thanks to all

our teachers whose teaching gave us conceptual understanding, which ultimately made

our job more easy. Especially credit goes to our parents and all our friends whose

encouragement kept us in good stead. Their continuous support has given us the

strength and confidence to complete most of the project till now without any difficulty.

Last of all but not the least we would like to acknowledge our gratitude to the

respondents without whom this project would have been incomplete.

Regards:

JUNAID AHMAD 15103122-023

MEHMOOD UL HASSAN 15103122-022

ii
 DEDICATION

We dedicate this work to our beloved parents and teachers who always support us,

because they are the driving force in our life and career. Without their love and support

none of this would possible. Throughout our life, they have actively supported us in our

determination to find and realize our potential, and to make this contribution to our

world.

iii
 DECLARATION

We solemnly declare that the project report “Load Management and Monitoring

System” is based on our own work carried out during our study under the supervision

of Sir Engr. Muhammad Mubeen Khan.

We assert the statements are the outcome of our research work. We further certify that

the work contained in the report is original and has been done by us under the

supervision of our supervisor. The work has not been submitted for any other

degree/diploma/certificate in this university or any other university of Pakistan or

abroad. We also gravely declare that the entire report is free of deliberate plagiarism

and we shall not use this report for obtaining any other degree from this or any other

university or institution.

We have used the guidelines provided by the university in writing the report to make

the formatting according to it.

JUNAID AHMAD

MEHMOOD UL HASSAN

I certify that above mentioned students of Department of Electrical Engineering and

Technology, University of Gujrat, Pakistan, worked under my supervision and the

above stated declaration is true to the best of my knowledge.

Engr. Muhammad Mubeen Khan (Project Supervisor)

Lecturer, Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology,

University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.

Email: [email protected]

Dated: _______________________________

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE

LIST OF FIGURES ----------------------------------------------------------- VII

ABSTRACT -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

CRAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION -------------------------------------------- 2

1.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------- 2

1.2 Background -------------------------------------------------------------- 4

1.3 Problem Statement------------------------------------------------------- 5

1.4 Objectives ---------------------------------------------------------------- 6

CHAPTER 02: REVIEW OF LITERATURE -------------------------------- 7

CHAPTER 03:METHODOLOGY --------------------------------------------- 16

3.1 Block Diagram ------------------------------------------------------------------- 17

3.2 Digital Output ------------------------------------------------------------ 18

3.3 Algorithm ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18

3.4 Home Automation ------------------------------------------------------- 18

3.5 Energy Meter ------------------------------------------------------------- 19

3.6 DC Voltage Reading ----------------------------------------------------- 19

3.7 Solar & Battery ----------------------------------------------------------- 20

3.8 Load Management -------------------------------------------------------- 20

3.9 Appliances --------------------------------------------------------------- 20

v
CHAPTER 04: RESULTS------------------------------------------------------ 21

4.1 Automation--------------------------------------------------- ------------------ 22

4.2 Energy Monitoring---------------------------- ------------------------------- 22

4.3 Load Management--------------------------------------------------------------- 23

4.4 Monitoring System ------------------------------------------------------- 23

4.5 Final Simulation Of Project ------------------------------------------------- 24

4.6 Final Hardware ------------------------------------------------------------ 24

CHAPTER 05:CONCLUSION ---------------------------------------------------- 25

REFERENCES ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 26

APPENDIXES ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 28

APPENDIX-A DATA SHEETS --------------------------------------------------- 28

APPENDIX-B CODING ----------------------------------------------------------- 31

APPEDNIX-C SERIAL COMMUNICATION ---------------------------------- 40

NO PLAGIARISM REPORT BY “TURNITIN”-------------------------------- 41

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES
CONTENTS PAGE

FIGURE-3.1: Functioning Block Diagram------------------------- 17

FIGURE-3.2: AC Appliance with Relay------------------------- 20

FIGURE-4.1: Monitoring System --------------------------------- 23

FIGURE-4.2: Final Simulation ------------------------------------ 24

FIGURE-4.3: Final Hardware -------------------------------------- 24

vii
 ABSTRACT
Although home automation has already dominated industrial and domestic application

in last two decades. But there are several issues that remains unsolved like explicit

wiring, power consumption and power monitoring system. Explicit wiring had to be

used as control signals for each appliances. Moreover the power consumption and total

energy estimation is not available in this industry. Separate solutions are available but

they are very costly. So we need a complete solution to these problems. While there are

various vendors are working in this industry. But they provide the very expensive

solution with explicit wiring.

The motive of my project is to solve the three problems. My project name is Load

management and monitoring system. In this you can manage your electrical load. You

can switch your load to Wapda and Solar. The switching of load is available in this.

The main objective is to Home Automation using GSM technique. You can ON/OFF

your devices from anywhere. So this thing is available in my project. The other feature

is the unavailability of power monitoring system. You can monitor you power

consumption from anywhere in this world. The detail of home automation and power

consumption and from where your load is being operated. You can get complete

information about load, consumption and about the supply of the load either Solar or

WAPDA.

1
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Automation industry has been the most popular and innovative industry. No doubt this

industry solved a lot of domestic and industrial problems but there are still problems

that are unsolved. The most top problems are use of explicit wiring and the check on

power consumption. These are the problems that require an acceptable solution.

Keeping in view the mentioned problems an economical and the best solution is being

searched that will ensure the check on power consumption and no use of extra wiring

in home automation. This is possible by using microcontroller like arduino. Control of

all home appliances and power consumption will be available in your android app. This

proposed design will inform the user whenever there is extra usage of electricity after

exceeding a particular limit. One can change this limit according to their needs.

Our first concern in solving the above problem is use of GSM for automatic switching

the appliances. You can switch ON/OFF the home appliances at any place even out of

the range of home. As GSM is the most popular technology in this era. Due to its

increased feasibility in its use and advantages its number of users. There are some other

solutions that address this problem but we are using GSM technique to solve it. You

can ON/OFF your appliances from anywhere.

The second concern is to check the consumption of electrical load using energy meter

by interfacing it with microcontroller and GSM module. You have to see your energy

meter by going outside of home to check the energy consumption. We have provided a

solution to avoid from this bothersome. Now you can check the consumption of

electrical energy consumed by home appliances just by messaging on your smart phone.

2
We have a solution by load management and monitoring system. It is a just smart

method to manage the load and to aware the consumption of energy used.

Load management is defined as the requirement of load in form of electrical power

from user side. We have to maintain a balance between consumed energy and the

energy to be consumed. If we have two sources of electricity like WAPDA and SOLAR.

We may switch it manually. But the solution provided by our project is to switch the

supplies by smart way, just by sending a message to supply which works accordingly.

This is the solution that is available at low price.

There are many issues that require some improvement and some issue that require

complete solution. The first issue that is unsolved and troublesome in this field is the

explicit wiring. Everything for its transmission needs a medium to be transmitted. The

main problem is, we have to change the whole wiring for home automation. But the

issue now has been solved.

Another issue is the wastage of electrical power when it is not in use. If you are not at

home then you will be unaware of electrical power consumption being consumed at

home. So this provides a monitoring system that gives proper way to check the power

consumption at home even you are not present at home. So a feasible monitoring system

is being provided in this project. You can receive information about the power

consumption and awareness about the number of appliances that are ON at home.

There is no system that is equivalent in efficiency to this proposed solution of home

automation in Pakistan. So we are providing a solution that is feasible and efficient.

You can check the power consumption of your house standing anywhere in the world

by SMS.

3
So this is the project that deals directly with three different problems at a time. The first

task is to do the automation using the GSM technology. The second task is to monitor

the consumption of the load. The third task is to balance the load. In this if you want to

switch your load from Wapda to solar just send a message for doing so. So all the things

are covered in this. So this is all about the introduction.

1.2 Background

Home automation is the field that is on the top. Home automation is related to works

that are labor free. This field is facing the great competition and own a great number of

competitors. Every industry or company that deals with problems related to home

automation have been active to solve such a problems for last two decades. Google has

also started working to solve the problems like these and produce its product Google

home. Such a solutions are appreciated in industries but there are some problems that

are to be improved and require some innovations. As ABB’s product ABB free Home

that require a microcontroller and some input and output devices to launch it practically.

In this mechanism which is command based requires some amplification because the

signal produced in this mechanism is very weak so a relay logic implemented with

amplification system is required. The product of Google that is named Google home

used WiFi instead of using wring panels. But the solution of explicit wiring is unsolved

still because a special type of wiring is needed and also a stand a viable internet

connection is required and moreover instead of using explicit wiring that is most typical

and unfeasible way to solve the problem, use of smart technology that is wireless and

has range unlimited is the best.

The start of electricity at commercial level is 1880s. For measurement of the electricity

we use energy meters. So energy monitoring is also a technique that facilitates the users.

The important thing in measurement of energy using energy meter is that the supply

4
should be constant. After using this the technology is being improved and become

advanced.

1972, Theodore George “Ted” Paraskevakos, during his work in automation industry,

he made a sensor monitoring system which was being used for digital transmission for

security system, sensing, alarming fire, and medical alarm systems as well as energy

meter-reading capabilities for all utilities. This technology had revolutionized a spin-

off of his automatic telephone line identification system, was called as caller ID. In,

1974, Paraskevakos was awarded a U.S. patent on excellent work in this technology.

Upon the request of the Alabama Power Company, Paraskevakos developed a load-

management system along with automatic meter-reading technology which was used

for long time. In series of this work, he used the ability of the system to monitor the

speed of the watt power meter disc and, consequently, power consumption. This

information, along with passed, gave the power company the strength of instructing

individual meters to manage water heater and air conditioning consumption in order to

avoid from the prevent peaks in usage during the high consumption portions of the day.

For this work he was awarded multiple awards.

1.3 Problem Statement

Problem statement of this project is to develop a smart home which have different

available solutions. The first is the explicit wiring. Explicit wiring is defined as to

change the complete wiring for control. So this is being addressed in my project. In our

project there is a simple wiring can be used. The second is the energy consumption that

is not available. You do not know what power you have consumed is. So this problem

remains unsolved. So in our project this problem is being solved. You can check the

power consumption at your phone. You just send an SMS and receive all the

5
information at your phone about the power consumption and number of home

appliances that are ON. The third thing is the power monitoring system. This is also a

problem statement that is being addressed in our project. You can check which

appliance is ON and which is OFF. These are the three main problems that are being

addressed in my project. These problems are being addressed in my project.

1.4 Objective
The objective of this project is to design a smart home which have some following

features

i. Development of An Energy Meter

a. Use of CT

b. Measuring the CT Reading

c. Converting it into Power

d. Bill Calculations

ii. Home Automation Using GSM

iii. Load Management System

6
 CHAPTER-02

LITERATURE REVIEW

Several models have been developed to simulate the Load Management and Monitoring

System:

Carelin Felix and Jacob Regland proposed a solution to the Home Automation by using

the combination of GSM and ZigBee. In past few years a lot of work has been done in

this industry but there are several issues that remains unsolved. So this solution avoids

you from complex and expensive architecture, intrusive installation, and lack of

interoperability, interface inflexibility and security. This solution is better because you

can use it from anywhere in this world by using GSM technology. Other proposed

solution that use the Wi-Fi, ZigBee only, Java Based or Bluetooth technology have

fixed distance from which they can operate. If we use internet facility then you need

internet facility 24 hours. This system works as first the message is being sent from the

customer and received by the GSM module.

Then PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller) decode the incoming message. Then sent

the instruction to transmitting ZigBee Module to transfer the instruction to the receiving

ZigBee Module to operate the device. The Controller check the message with every

9second. The total time to ON or OFF is about 15 seconds that is very time consuming

solution? This can be improved using Arduino and most advanced GSM Module. In

this solution you do not need to change your existing wiring. It is very cheap from the

available solution provided till. The Home Automation firstly used in Tokyo in twenty

houses. The other feature that is being added in this solution is the use of LCD to display

the working of the home. But another flaw is that this solution does not send you the

message of active devices. The use of ZigBee decrease the expense and time consumer

7
error in Home Automation This cannot identify the customer number. Anyone can ON

or OFF the devices. So these are the flaws and advantage of this given solution. [1]

In this paper the author tells us about the past techniques that are being used for home

automation like java based, multimedia entertainment, telehealth, and Bluetooth based

home automation. He proposed a new technique to solve the problems that are available

in past techniques. He proposed the ZigBee-Wi-Fi enabled Home Automation. In this

you can ON or OFF your devices when you are at home or outside of your home. When

you are outside of your home you can use internet to ON or OFF your devices using

Wi-Fi enabling. But when you are at home you can use the ZigBee technology for home

automation. There are various benefits of this but the disadvantage I have seen is that

you have the availability of internet on both sides when you want to use the Wi-Fi

module for automation. And the other flaw is that ZigBee technology is an old

technology and a time consuming process. A better way is to do the automation using

the GSM technology.

This is the best solution for home automation. You don’t need any type of internet

access. You just need the coverage of network for automation. The processing speed is

also good. The other thing that is used in this is the virtual home. In this you can use

automation from anywhere in this world. This is the benefit of the given solution. This

is comfortable and cheap. This is made easily. These are all the benefits and

disadvantages of the given solution. [2]

In this paper, all the available solution for wireless home automation discussed in detail.

ZigBee, Z-Wave, INSTEON, Wavenis, and IP-based technology are compared with

each other and how they are different from each other and which is the best for WHAN

(WIFI Home Automation Networks).The main features of the WHAN are light control,

8
remote control, smart energy, remote care and safety related to automation. ZigBee is

a wireless protocol developed by ZigBee alliance for low data rate and less distance.

There are four layers of ZigBee which is needed to complete the communication

between the customers to the devices.

This is used for short distance. Z-Wave is another wireless protocol that is used for

automation. This allows the sending of the message from one control unit to another

control unit. INSTEON is another solution that is proposed for automation. It defines a

mesh topology composed of RF-only or power line communication. Wavenis is another

protocol that is also used for automation. It is also used for short distance

communication. IP-Based Solution is also used for communication. In this the physical

layer, Link layer, and network layer are discussed in detail for every wireless protocol.

This paper covers all the protocols that are available at that time. [3]

In this paper the author proposed a solution related to home automation by using the

IR, Bluetooth and GSM technology. As we are going to ease. So we want to change the

conventional switching system to the home automation. The proposed solution is done

by using an APP developed by an MIT inventor. By using this APP you can ON or OFF

your devices. First the author use HC-105 Bluetooth module. Arduino UNO is used for

the main controlling service. For IR communication the author used TSOP 1738 which

is the OR module used for communication. The GSM module used in this is SIM800C.

This is from the series of SIM800. I have used SIM800l in my project which works on

less voltage than the used module. Automation is done by using this module. 8-Chanel

relay module is used in this project. The code is build up in Arduino IDE.

The paper written is based on a project which is tested and implemented by the author.

Two way switch is being used so that you can ON or OFF your devices manually and

9
automatically. By using this you can overcome your power wastage loss. This is the

best solution for disabled person who cannot walk to turn the devices ON or OFF. The

author reviewed all the solution at that time and proposed the best solution but now the

more advance technologies are available. The operating time of devices is 3s. This

solution takes 3s to ON or OFF the devices. In future, you can use the sensors to

improve the automation. We can use the flame, temperature and other sensor to make

the automation at the next level. [4]

In this paper, the author proposed a solution for home automation using Raspberry Pi

and GSM. In recent years, home automation is increasing day by day. Everyone wants

ease in his life. This field is growing more and more. RPI is a small computer that was

built in 2012. The first home automated system was developed in 1966. Then the

development goes day by day. In this proposed solution the different types of sensor

send the message to the GSM module and next RPI decode the incoming message. After

decoding, the controller send the command to the relay to ON or OFF the device. All

the code is developed in python. RPI is just like a mini computer having a large number

of input and output port.

You can control a lot of number of devices to ON or OFF. There is the availability of

Ethernet and many other built in services. In past for this thing the ZigBee is used for

the communication and different things. The trend of home automation is increasing

day by day. So IOT is another solution to control your appliances from anywhere in

this world. This solution allows you to see the response of the devices. This tells us that

which device is ON and which is OFF. The last point that was discussed in the paper is

the availability of ADC converter. All the readings from the devices I in analogue form

so we need to make it in digital because the RPI works with the digits only. This is the

10
best solution available at that era. Now the more modern modules and things are

available so you can easily improve this system. [5]

In this paper, the author proposed the solution to the automation using the GSM

technology. With the growing of technology, the automation industry has also

developed a lot. The main objective of this is to get the best quality using the less

amount. This is beneficial for the handicapped and disable persons. The first developed

home automated home is in 1975 according to this paper. Firstly the automation is done

by using the RF technology. With the development of the technology now the

Bluetooth, WIFI, GSM is used. Every protocol has its own benefits and disadvantage.

The author has used the GSM technology in his project. There are many issue that are

the home automation is facing. They are poor manageability, expensive and the control

of things.

The first step I to install the application. Then signup to the application. After this login

to see the home automation and readings of different sensors. You can switch ON or

OFF using the SMS. The SMS is sent by the user then GSM module receive its then

controller decodes the message and decides what to do now. So the appliances are ON

or OFF according to this. The proposed solution uses Arduino, GSM and relay module

to work completely on this. Mathematical expression is also given in this paper by using

different techniques and different software’s. The main objective of this is to use the

smartphone for the communication so that anyone can easily use it and enjoy the home

automation. [6]

11
In this paper, the author proposed a solution to the efficient energy monitoring with

IOT. In this era the most important thing is the utilization of power in a grid. So we

need proper monitoring of the power. The existing monitoring is not enough developed

to control it fully. So we need the most efficient way to control it. So the author

proposed a solution to by using the ESP 8266, Wi-Fi module and upload the result to

the cloud. Then author tells us about the proposed system working. The IOT is the

connection between various digital devices. All the devices can see the performance of

the device. Every device is given a different IP address. The present time used analogue

meter having a lot of issues. There is the power consumption issue, the change of CT,

life expectancy and limited longevity.

So this problem is being solved in digital energy meter. The proposed solution is very

effective and easy to install. The proposed system reads the reading and using Wi-Fi to

upload the result on cloud. A led is also attached to show the reading of this meter. This

meter gives the reading to the grid and tells whether the theft in power consumption is

done or not. The system is practically implemented to see the result. This system can

be improved by using different sensors. The quality of this is improved by using the

advance technology. This solution takes 10 second to completely upload the

information to the cloud. [7]

In this paper, the author tells us about the new idea of energy meter. In past years, the

analogue meter is being used for the calculation of the power consumption. The power

calculated by this is not accurate. We need a meter reader to read the power

consumption. So we need a lot of maintenance

12
. So we need to improve this meter. So the solution of this thing the digital energy meter.

The proposed solution in this paper gives the rise of the new technology. It uses the

GSM technology to connect the consumer and supply. Every day the message of used

power is sent to the supplier and consumer. And the bill of this is sent using the GSM

after every month. The result of every day is uploaded on internet for record by using

the IoT technology. This can be used in a smart grid which is fed by directly AC and

PV sources. The DC from solar is converted to AC by inverter to read the readings. A

relay is attached to the meter which is used to trip the supply.

This system uses the wireless communication. This system is also implemented on

Matlab. The result is also shown in the paper and simulation are also attached with it.

You can see the working of this energy meter very efficiently and active than a common

meter. So this is the best solution proposed by the author. But this can be enhanced

using the most advanced techniques. [8]

In this paper, the author proposed the solution to the load balancing. In modern era, the

important problem in the power transmission is the balancing of load. We want constant

supply without the power loss and voltage limitation. In this paper the proposed solution

is the use of digital meter with the controller to shuffle the load from one phase to

another phase. Overloading is the main issue in the modern era. The load is increasing

day by day, so the higher need of efficiency is required. There are different solution

available but in this paper the fuzzy logic is used to propose the solution. The first step

is the monitoring of load.

13
The digital monitoring is done using MAXQ3183. This is a poly phase input system

that is used to measure the energy used by live wire. The result is fed to the Arduino to

decide where the overloading is done. So it decides which load is shuffle to which line.

Power line communication is done here. The Arduino decides what to do. The proposed

solution is first done on the simulation. Then done on the hardware. The result is also

attached in the paper. This solution can be improved using the advanced technology for

the best result. We can use RPI for the work. Triacs are also used for the switching of

the load from one line to another. Now the technology modernize to the RPI for the

work. [9]

In this paper, a smart distribution and load managing model is given. The author not

only gives the design but also implemented the monitor and control system for different

load. The proposed model was based on the automation of load. The given model

provides the status of different feeders with respect to change in different loads that is

municipal, commercial, industrial and domestic load. The whole system is controlled

by using Arduino. The Arduino takes decision on the bases of given preferences. The

model performs the monitoring and controlling with accuracy and reliability. The

model gives the same results as given by simulation. Since, Arduino is used so this

model is cost efficient than the already existing solutions that is Programmable Logic

Controller (PLC) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). [10]

It was published in 2016. This paper present the complete model of monitoring and

control interface for 230V power house using Supervisory Control And Data

Acquisition (SCADA). This paper presents a complete testing platform designed to

automate a power house which has rating of 230V. The proposed model gives the real

time accuracy and reliability in control and monitoring. It also allows the comparison

of efficiency of proposed system with existing system. System provides the real time

14
value of the load parameter to programmable logic controller (PLC). The PLC

eventually takes decision to operate the system under desired conditions. The SCADA

and its allied Human Machine Interface (HMI) makes all the data accessible for user

for proper real time monitoring and control. [11]

In this paper, a smart distribution and load managing model is given. The author not

only gives the design but also implemented the monitor and control system for different

load. The proposed model was based on the automation of load. The given model

provides the status of different feeders with respect to change in different loads that is

municipal, commercial, industrial and domestic load. The whole system is controlled

by using Arduino. The Arduino takes decision on the bases of given preferences. The

model performs the monitoring and controlling with accuracy and reliability. The

model gives the same results as given by simulation. Since, Arduino is used so this

model is cost efficient than the already existing solutions that is Programmable Logic

Controller (PLC) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). [12]

DSM aims to contest demand with the available supply as a economical substitute for

energy utilities than advancing in new generation capacity. Demand side management

is the process of organizing the loads to reduce the electric energy consumption or the

maximum demand, such as load shedding, load shifting by installing energy-efficient

processes (Eissa [13]).

This paper proposes the following definition, which extends Eissa’s [13] definition. It

collates key information on the technologies, practices, instruments, programmes and

policies that are included in the definitions reviewed.

15
 CHAPTER-03
METHODOLOGY

The project “Load Management and Monitoring System” is a very comprehensive

project by having the different features in it. It has the feature of energy monitoring. It

can manage the load according to your own will. You can automate your devices by

using GSM technology. I have used the Arduino Coding language for doing this thing.

The complete code is attached in it in appendix.

Following apparatus is required for this project

1. Arduino Nano

2. GSM Module

3. Relay Module

4. Switches

5. Breadboard

6. Vero Board

7. Connecting Wires

8. Appliances

9. Buck Converter IC

10. Arduino IDE

11. Connectors

12. Solar Plate

These are the equipment’s required to complete the project. This is a good project if

you are interested in home automation field.

16
3.1 Block Diagram

The block diagram shows you the complete work of “Load Balancing and Monitoring

System". This diagram tells us how the project is functioning. This diagram tells us

about how the things are attached to the controller to reach at the required result.

The first thing is the energy meter that gives its readings to the Arduino. Arduino reads

it and show on the LCD. The next thing is the GSM module that gives information to

the Arduino. Arduino receive the information. On the behalf of this information, it

decides which load should be ON and which should be OFF. The third thing is the

battery reading. The Arduino reads the how much the battery is being charged by the

Solar. On the output side the home automation, energy meter reading and load

management is being done.

Energy LCD
Meter Display
Reading

Home
GSM Module Controller
Automation

Load
Battery Management
Reading

Figure 3.1 Functioning Block Diagram

This is the functioning diagram of our project. This tells us completely how the

project is functioning. How all the components are being attached to get the required

output?

17
3.2 Digital Output

The relay module is attached with the digital pins of the Arduino. This can only give

the HIGH or LOW command. So when it gives the HIGH then the relay becomes

active. The AC appliance get ON. But when the Arduino gives low to the one pin of

the relay then it gets OFF. So the AC appliance gets OFF. So that are the basic

working of the home automation.

3.3 Algorithm

Step 1: Install IDE for Arduino.

Step 2: Open Integrated Development Environment (IDE).

Step 3: Select board connected and serial port from IDE tools.

Step 4: OPEN CODE program in IDE.

Step 5: Add Arduino Libraries

Step 6: Upload the code to the Board

Step 7: See the response in the Serial Monitor

3.4 Home Automation Using GSM

Mobile phone is a modern device that is used by everyone. This thing makes the world

as a global word. Everyone uses it for his own benefits. In our project, we have added

the feature of the GSM based home automation. You can ON or OFF your devices

according to your own will from anywhere in this world. This is best way for

automation than the Wi-Fi and ZigBee technology. We have used arduino language for

this. First step, arduino waits for the sms. It check it either a sms is arrived or not. But

when the sms arrived, it process the whole string. It reads whether switching sms

include or not. If the required sms include then it will work according to this to ON or

OFF the devices. GSM module is a powerful module that is used for the SIM
18
technology. It is just like a tiny module. We have used the pin 2, 3 for the receiving and

transmitting data. The other thing required is the relay that connect the AC supply to

the devices. We have used wireless communication GSM technology for the home

automation. The LCD attached to the arduino show that which load is ON or OFF. This

is the required code for the home automation.

3.5 Energy Meter

Energy meter is a device that is used for the measurement of power consumed by the

devices. This is another feature that is being added in my project. This meter reads the

power consumed by the devices that are automated using GSM. This is implemented

using arduino with industrial coil. We have used the sct-013 industrial coil that can bear

the 100A current in primary. The efficiency of this coil is awesome. It is just a CT that

lowers the secondary current. Next circuit is attached for the reading of arduino. The

circuit is shown below

The next step is the scaling of the reading of the value from the CT. We have scaled it
in coding and shown on the LCD. The required code for scaling is given below.

3.6 DC Voltage Reading

Another feature that has been added is the addition of the DC Battery reading and the

Adapter dc reading. We have designed a circuit for this thing. The circuit is attached

with it. The reason for circuit is that arduino cannot read the dc voltage greater than the

5V. So we used the voltage divider circuit. We have used 10K and 100K ohm resistor

for the voltage division. Arduino read the voltage across the 10k resistor and then scaled

the reading using the voltage division formula. Same is the case for the reading of the

battery and adapter output voltage. A1 and A2 pins have been used for this function.

The code is written below.

19
3.7 Solar and Battery

A solar and battery setup is attached in this project for the backup. If any case the power

fails then the battery provides the backup for the whole project. Solar is attached to

charge the battery. The reading of the battery that is being read by the arduino and

shown on the LCD. This is also the part of the project. A diode is attached for the

protection of the solar to avoid the reverse current from battery to the solar.

3.8 Load Management

Another feature that is being added is the shifting of the load from one source to another

source. The pin being used for this purpose is the A8. You can switch it from anywhere

in this world by just sending a sms from your phone to automation based home. So this

small feature make our project more reliable and productive.

3.9 Appliances
We can add any type of AC devices with our project. My project is designed to work

under every condition. CT can measure upto 100A for the correct reading. The circuit

for this is shown below.

Fig 3.2 Appliance with Relay

20
 CHAPTER-04
RESULTS

The problem statement of this project in simple words was to improve the quality and
monitoring of the home based automation. We have solved the issue of explicit
wiring. The main issues has been solved in this project. Load management issue is
also solved in this project. So the following results have been achieved from this
project work that resemble to the expected outcomes.

1. Home automation has been done using the GSM technology. This has been done

by using the arduino with the combination of the GSM module. And we have

taken the string input from the module. The arduino process it and works

according to this thing.

2. Energy monitoring system has also been done with 90% accuracy which is

really good by using the arduino with sct-013 industrial coil.

3. The third thing we have achieved is to avoid the explicit wiring in this project.

This system can be imposed on the available wiring.

4. We can take the result of the power consumption on the mobile by just sending

the status to this system. This will tell you the result as well as the ON or OFF

load of the project.

5. The other feature is the reading of the battery voltage by the arduino with the

circuit attached.

6. We can read any DC voltage by using the voltage divider circuit that has been

designed by us.

7. The other main thing is the shifting of the load from one AC source to the other

AC source by sending an SMS.

21
 8. These are all the final output required for this project to complete it to reach at

the final point.

4.1 Automation

The first requirement of the project is to do the automation with using the GSM

technology. This is the one of the required output for the project. So this final result has

been achieved in my project. This is not an easy task to do. We start this thing by

automating using Bluetooth then go next to the GSM technology. First we learn how to

switch the things and then next how to read the strings achieved by the GSM module

received from the sms sender. So arduino reads the whole string. Its sees whether there

is informative for the result to achieve. Upon this base it decides whether to switch OFF

or ON the device and which one device to ON or OFF. This thing is done on first

preference.

4.2 Energy Monitoring

The next main part of my project is the energy monitoring part of my project. This is

done using the arduino with the industrial coil that is the CT. The scaling is done in the

code. The main theme is the conversion of the AC output to convert it to the DC input

to the arduino. Then arduino scaled it and shown on the LCD. The circuit required is

on shown in the methodology chapter. The cheapest energy meter is designed that needs

only the arduino or microcontroller with the CT and an LCD for the display of the

reading. The code for this is also is the methodology chapter.

22
4.3 Load Management

The next that has been added in the load management. Load management is defined as

the shifting of the load from the one source to another source. This can be done by using

a relay with a controller. Relay is used for switching purpose from one source to another

source. I have used two sources and shift this by just sending a sms to the system that

has been designed. This is used from the balancing of the supply to control the bill. This

can be used for the real time. This is really a hot topic to be achieved. I have used the

A 8 pins for this purpose.

4.4 Monitoring System

Monitoring system is also been added that tells us which load is on or off and tells us

which supply is ON or OFF. Every energy user eager to know the power consumption.

So user can check that which load is ON or OFF and the load is on which supply. This

thing is not available in real time solution. So this is the new idea given to the market

for sale. So we can also use in practically without the change of the available wiring.

Figure 4.1 Monitoring System

23
4.5 Final Simulation of the Project

Figure 4.2 Final Simulation

4.6 Final Hardware Picture

Figure 4.3 Final Hardware

24
 CHAPTER-05
CONCLUSION

5.1 CONCLUSION

Automation department is going to famous day by day. Home based automation is

really a good area of study and interest. The circuit is first designed on the Proteus then

code for arduino and try the simulation then the next step is to implement practically.

First we home automate by using the sms and we can also receive the monitoring of the

load. The other feature is the energy monitoring system. I have designed a circuit by

using the industrial coil with the circuit to make the ac input to the dc input so that the

arduino can read it. Arduino read it and shows the result on the LCD attached with the

arduino. The rms value is shown on the LCD and read this upon this base you can

calculate the power consumption reading. The next feature is the load management. We

can transfer our load by just sending a sms. This can make the project to the next level.

These are the three features of the project. Load management and monitoring system

has been achieved by doing all the work. All these things are done in this project. The

other thing that we have learned how to switch the ac devices using the dc or electronics

circuit. The project is the combination of the various things. A solar and battery setup

is used to show that the how the solar charge the battery and how to control the current

direction using the reverse diode.

25
 REFERENCES

[1] Carelin Felix and Jacob Regland “Home Automation Using GSM” International
Conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Computing and Networking
Technologies 21-22 July 2011

[2] Khusvinder Gill, Shuang-Hua Yang, Fang Yao, and Xin Lu “A ZigBee-Based Home
Automation System” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 2,
MAY 2009

[3] Carles Gomez, Josep Paradell “Wireless home automation networks: A survey of
architectures and technologies” IEEE Communications Magazine (Volume: 48, Issue:
6 , June 2010)

[4] Anuja Shinde, Shobha Kanade, Namrata Jugale, Abhijeet Gurav, Rambabu A. Vatti,
M. M. Patwardhan “Smart Home automation system using IR, Bluetooth, GSM and
android”, 2017 Fourth International Conference on Image Information Processing
(ICIIP), 21-23 Dec. 2017

[5] Shrikrushna Khedkar, G.M. Malwatkar “Using raspberry Pi and GSM survey on
home automation”, 2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and
Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT), 24 November 2016

[6] Shubham Magar, Varsha Saste, Ashwini Lahane, Sangram Konde, Supriya Madne,
“Smart home automation by GSM using android application”, 2017 International
Conference on Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES), 23-24
Feb. 2017

[7] Bibek Kanti Barman, Shiv Nath Yadav, Shivam Kumar, Sadhan Gope “IOT Based
Smart Energy Meter for Efficient Energy Utilization in Smart Grid”, 2018 2nd
International Conference on Power, Energy and Environment: Towards Smart
Technology (ICEPE), 1-2 June 2018

[8] F. Reni Clenitiaa, E. Ilakya, G. S. Preetha, B. Meenakshi, “Enhanced digital energy

meter”, 2017 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy Information
and Communication (ICCPEIC), 22-23 March 2017

26
[9] Madhusudhan Reddy Vuluvala, Lalit Mohan Saini “Automatic Load Balancing of
Power Distribution System Using MAXQ3183 Meter and Power line Communication”,
2018 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems
(ICICCS), 14-15 June 2018

[10] S. Durrani, H. Arif, E. Ali and S. Khan , “A Smart Framework for Power
Distribution and Load Balancing using Arduino” , 2018 1st International Conference
on Power, Energy and Smart Grid (ICPESG), 2018

[11] S. Durrani, M. Riaz and U. Khan, “Development of SCADA automated 230V

power house as a testing platform”, 2016 International Conference on Computing,
Electronics and Electrical Engineering ( ICE cube), pp. 222-226, 2016

[12] S. Durrani , H. Arif , E. Ali and S. Khan , “A Smart Framework for Power
Distribution and Load Balancing using Arduino” , 2018 1st International Conference
on Power, Energy and Smart Grid (ICPESG), 2018

[13] Eissa, M.M. Demand side management program evaluation based on industrial
and commercial field data, Energy Policy, 39, 5961-5969, 2011

27
 APPENDIX-A
DATA SHEETS

A.1 Arduino Nano

Specifications:

B.2 GSM Module

Specifications

28
B.3 7805 module

Specifications

B.4 Buck Converter

Specifications

29
B.5 Relay Module

Specifications

30
 APPENDIX-B
Complete Code
#include<SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include "EmonLib.h"

EnergyMonitor emon1;
const int numRows = 4;
const int numCols = 20;
const int rs = 10, en = 9, d4 = 8, d5 = 7, d6 = 6, d7 = 5;
LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);
String owner = "03334300887";
SoftwareSerial gsm(2,3);

#define relay 4

bool load1,load2,load3,load4;

double v_battery = 0.2f;

double v_supply = 0.2f;
String vb;
String ir;
String vs;
float R1 = 100000.0; // resistance of R1 (100K) -see text!
float R2 = 10000.0; // resistance of R2 (10K) - see text!
int value = 0;
double Irms=0.2f;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(57600);
delay(400);

31
gsm.begin(57600);
delay(400);
gsm.print("AT+CMGD=1,4\r\n");
delay(500);
gsm.print("AT+CMGF=1\r\n");
lcd.begin(numCols, numRows);
pinMode(relay,OUTPUT);
pinMode(A3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(A4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(A5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(A6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(relay,LOW);
lcd.setCursor(3,1);//(thisCol, thisRow);
lcd.write("WELCOME");
digitalWrite(A3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(A4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(A5,HIGH);
digitalWrite(A6,HIGH);
emon1.current(0, 111.1);
load1 = false;
load2 = false;
load3 = false;
load4 = false;

}
void update_load()
{
if(load1)
digitalWrite(A3,0);

32
 else
digitalWrite(A3,1);
if(load2)
digitalWrite(A4,0);
else
digitalWrite(A4,1);
if(load3)
digitalWrite(A5,0);
else
digitalWrite(A5,1);
if(load4)
digitalWrite(A6,0);
else
digitalWrite(A6,1);
}
void update_rms()
{
Irms = emon1.calcIrms(1480); // Calculate Irms only

Serial.print(" Enery Meter : "); Serial.print(Irms*230.0); //

Apparent power
Serial.print(" , rms = ");
Serial.println(Irms);

value = analogRead(A1);
v_battery = (value * 5.0) / 1024.0; // see text
v_battery = v_battery / (R2/(R1+R2));
if (v_battery<0.09) {
v_battery=0.0;//statement to quash undesired reading !
}
value = analogRead(A2);

33
 v_supply= (value * 5.0) / 1024.0; // see text
v_supply = v_supply / (R2/(R1+R2));
if (v_supply<0.09) {
v_supply=0.0;//statement to quash undesired reading !
}

}
void update_lcd()
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);//(thisCol, thisRow);
lcd.write("Bat:");
vb= String(v_battery,3);
Serial.print(" battery volt =
");Serial.println(vb);
lcd.print(vb);
lcd.write(",");
lcd.write("SUP:");
vs= String(v_supply,3);
Serial.print(" Supply volt =
");Serial.println(vs);
lcd.print(vs);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);//(thisCol, thisRow);
lcd.write("RMS:");
ir= String(Irms,3);
Serial.print(" irms = ");Serial.println(ir);
lcd.print(ir);
lcd.setCursor(0,2);//(thisCol, thisRow);
lcd.write("L1:");
if(load1)lcd.write("1,");
else lcd.write("0,");

34
 lcd.write("L2:");
if(load2)lcd.write("1,");
else lcd.write("0,");
lcd.write("L3:");
if(load3)lcd.write("1,");
else lcd.write("0,");
lcd.write("L4:");
if(load4)lcd.write("1,");
else lcd.write("0");
}
void loop() {
update_load();
update_rms();
update_lcd();
scan_message();
}

void scan_message()
{
String cmd = send_cmd("AT+CMGR=1", 500);
Serial.println(cmd);
if(cmd.indexOf ("+CMGR:")>=0)
{
// message recived
if(cmd.indexOf("L1on")>=0)
{load1 = true;}
else if(cmd.indexOf("L1off")>=0)
{load1 = false;}
else if(cmd.indexOf("L2on")>=0)
{load2 = true;}

35
else if(cmd.indexOf("L2off")>=0)
{load2 = false;}
else if(cmd.indexOf("L3on")>=0)
{load3 = true;}
else if(cmd.indexOf("L3off")>=0)
{load3 = false;}
else if(cmd.indexOf("L4on")>=0)
{load4 = true;}
else if(cmd.indexOf("L4off")>=0)
{load4 = false;}
else if(cmd.indexOf("Status")>=0)
{
String st = "L1:";
if(load1) st += "1,";
else st += "0, ";
st += "L2:";
if(load2) st += "1,";
else st += "0, ";
st += "L3:";
if(load3) st += "1,";
else st += "0, ";
st += "L4:";
if(load4) st += "1,";
else st += "0, ";
st += "System currently run in :";
if(v_supply>10.0)
st += "Main Supply";
else
st += "Solar";

36
 mesg_sent(owner , st);
}
send_cmd("AT+CMGD=1, 4\r\n",3000);
}

}
//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
String send_cmd (String command, const int timeout)
{
String response = "";
delay(10);
gsm.print(command); // send the read character to the esp8266
gsm.print("\r\n");
delay(10);
long int time = millis();

while( (time+timeout) > millis())

{
if(gsm.available())
{

// The esp has data so display its output to the serial window
char c = gsm.read(); // read the next character.
response += c;
}
}

return response;
}
String get_res(const int timeout)

37
{
String response = "";
long int time = millis();

while( (time+timeout) > millis())

{
if(gsm.available())
{

// The esp has data so display its output to the serial window
char c = gsm.read(); // read the next character.
response += c;
}
}

return response;
}

//********************************************************************
****** sending sms code
*********************************************************************
******************
void mesg_sent(String person_number , String message)
{
gsm.print("AT+CMGF=1\r\n"); delay(2000);
gsm.print("AT+CMGS=\"");
gsm.print(person_number);
gsm.print("\"");
gsm.write(0x0D);
delay(1000);

38
gsm.print(message);gsm.write(0x1A);
Serial.println(get_res(6000));
}

39
 APPENDIX-C
SERIAL COMMUNICATION

Serial Communication with Arduino

Serial communication of Proteus with Arduino means to communicate with Arduino

with the vitual terminal of the proteus. We just need the arduino nano and virtual
terminal for the serial communication.

Circuit

Output

40