Art Bio Project

AJMANI
INTERNATIONAL
SCHOOL
LAKHIMPUR KHERI
SESSION 2019-20
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that “Kriti Sharma”
student of class 12th “Science” has successfully
completed their Biology project on
“Assisted Reproductive Technology”
under the guidance of
“Miss Anubhav Shukla”.
Miss Anubhav Shukla

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to
my teacher Miss Anubhav Shukla
as well as our principal Mr Price Saluza who gave
me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project on the topic “Assisted Reproductive
Technologies”, which also helped me in doing a
lot of Research and I came to know about so many
new things. I am really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and

friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.
OBJECTIVE :
 Introduction
 Infertility
 Methods
1. Artificial Insemination
2. In Vitro Fertilization
3. Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
4. ZIFT, GIFT
 Succeeding Factors
 Complications
 Statistics
INTRODUCTION:
ART involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization,
intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), cryopreservation
of gametes or embryos, and/or the use of fertility
medication. When used to address infertility, ART may also
be referred to as fertility treatment.
ART mainly belongs to the field of reproductive
endocrinology and infertility. Some forms of ART may be
used with regard to fertile couples for genetic purpose .
ART may also be used in surrogacy arrangements, although
not all surrogacy arrangements involve ART.
INFERTILITY:
Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to
reproduce by natural means.
A large number of couples all over the world including India are
infertile, i.e., they are unable to produce children inspite of
unprotected sexual co-habitation. The reason for this could be
many –
Physical, congenital, diseases, drugs, immunological or even
psychological.
In India, often the females are blamed for the couples being
childless, but more often than not, the problem lies in the male
partner. Specialized health care units (infertility clinics, etc.)
could help in diagnosis and corrective treatment of some of these
disorders and enable these couples to have children.
However, where such conditions are not possible, the couples
could be assisted to have children through certain special
techniques commonly known as assisted reproductive
technologies (ART).
CAUSES OF INFERTILITY:-
OVULATOYRY DISFUNCTION
TUBAL DISEASE
MALE INFERTILITY
ENDOMETRIOSIS
UNEXPLAINED
OTHERS
The World Health Organization defines infertility as follows:
Infertility is “a disease of the reproductive system defined

by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12
months or more of regular unprotected sexual
intercourse (and there is no other reason, such as
breastfeeding or postpartum amenorrhoea)”.
Primary infertility is infertility in a couple who have never
had a child. Secondary infertility is failure to conceive
following a previous pregnancy. Infertility may be caused by
infection in the man or woman, but often there is no obvious
underlying cause.
In-vitro
fertilization:
Process refers to the fertilization outside the body.
Most effective and successful ART, IVF is most often
recommended when fallopian tubes of woman are blocked or in
case when men produce too few sperm.
• IVF is a major treatment in infertility when other methods of
assisted reproductive technology have failed.
The process involves :
– Ovulation induction through hormone treatment,
– Monitoring of hormone levels and follicle scans with
ultrasound,
– Egg retrieval from the woman's ovaries – and fertilize eggs
with sperms in a fluid medium.
• The fertilized egg (zygote) is then transferred to the patient's
uterus with the intent to establish a successful pregnancy.
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION:
Process is often used when there is serious problem with the
sperm. Sometimes it is also used for those with failed IVF
attempts or for older couples.
In this process, a single healthy sperm is injected directly into
a mature egg and then healthy embryo is transferred to the
fallopian tube or woman’s uterus.
• Sperm is collected and placed into a woman’s vagina, cervical
canal or in the uterus.
• Sperm can come from partner or an anonymous donor.
• Insemination is when sperm is collected and processed. The
sperm is then placed into a woman’s vagina, cervical canal or
directly into the uterus.
• Insemination may be used if the mucus around cervix is not
compatible with partner’s sperm, or may have problems with
immune system. This can cause sperm to be killed before egg is
fertilized.
• Artificial Insemination is when the sperm used comes from
partner.
GIFT:
(Gamete Intra-fallopian transfer)
In this process fertilization take place in woman’s body by
transferring eggs and sperm into the woman’s fallopian tubes.
•In gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), eggs are removed
from the woman, and placed in one of the fallopian tubes, along
with the man's sperm. This allows fertilization to take place
inside the woman's body. Therefore, this variation is actually an
in vivo fertilization, and not an in vitro fertilization.
ZIFT:
(Zygote Intra-fallopian transfer)
It is similar to IVF and fertilization occurs in the laboratory,
then instead of the uterus, very young healthy embryo is
transferred to the fallopian tubes.
Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) is an infertility treatment
where a blockage in the fallopian tubes are the cause.
Egg cells are removed from a woman's ovaries, and in vitro
fertilized. The resulting zygote is placed into the fallopian tube
by the use of laparoscopy.
SURROGACY:
Surrogacy is mainly considered for women with no eggs or
unhealthy eggs.
In this process, another woman carries pregnancy using the
man’s sperm and her own eggs for an infertile woman. The
child will be genetically related to the woman (surrogate
mother of that child) and the male partner.
After birth, the baby will be delivered to the intended couples
for adoption and surrogate will have no right on the offspring.

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AJMANI

Miss Anubhav Shukla

Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and

The World Health Organization defines infertility as follows:

Infertility is “a disease of the reproductive system defined

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