VOCABULARY

OI' THK

Y GRUB A LANGUAGE,

COMPILED BY TIIK

REV. SAMUEL CROWTHER,

NATIVE MISSIOXARY OF THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY.

TOGETHER WITH

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS,

BY Til ft.
,

REV. 0. E. VIDAL, M. A.

IJISHOP DESIGNATE OF .SIERRA l.EONE.

SEELEYS, FLEET STREET,

AND HANOVER STREET, HANOVER SQUARE, LONDON.

1852.
 UCRC
pi

ADVERTISEMENT.

The Yoruba Country, lying between the 2" and 6" W.

long,and 6" and 10" N. lat.,and due north of the Bight

of Benin, has been, for more than a quarter of a century,
the chief seat of the African slave-trade. Many Negroes,
and, amongst them, Mr. Crowther, now a Clergyman of

the Church of England, the compiler of the following

work, were re-captured from Brazilian slavers by the

cruisers of the British squadron, and landed at Sierra

Leone, where they received a Christian education in the

schools of the Church MissionarySociety. No less than

3000 of these involuntaryemigrants have since returned

to the land of their birth ; and it has also pleased God

to bless the labours of the Society's
Missionaries in the

chief town, Abbeokuta, to the establishment of a ing

flourish-

Mission amongst the Aborigines,

commenced August
3, 1846, and now numbering several hundred converts.

A Christian literature became at once a desideratum

for this rising Christian community. This want Mr.

Crowther is at present supplying. A Yoruba Primer,

the Gospel according to St. Luke, the Acts of the stles,
Apo-
St. Paul's Epistleto the Romans, the Epistlesof St.

James and St. Peter, and selections of the Book of Com-

 ( iv )

nioii Prayer, embracing all the more important parts of

it,except the Psalms, Epistles,and Gospels, are already

published, and may, most of them, be obtained at the

Society'sHouse. A new and improved edition of Mr.

-Crow tiler's Yoruba Grammar is now in the press, havinsj

just received his revision and corrections. And it is

hoped that the present work, containing near 3000

vocables,may do much toward settling

a rich and eupho-
nous language,spoken, probably,by 3,000,000 of the can
Afri-

race, but till within the last ten

years never duced
re-

to writing. The materials were collected by Mr.

Crowther since his return to his native land, and the pro-
verbial
and idiomatic sayingsinterspersedthroughout the
book were taken down by him from the lipsof his trymen
coun-

in the course of common conversation. They are

here introduced to illustrate the genius of the language ;

but they are no less valuable ethnologically,

as ting
elucida-

of the characteristics of the national mind of

many

this very people.

interesting
We refer the reader to the valuable details on both

these pointscontained in the very able article with which

this work is enriched, from the pen of one of the best ing
liv-

scholars in African languages "

the Bishop Designate
of Sierra Leone, whose first act upon enteringon his new

see will be thus associated with a measure for the fusion

dif-

amongst the Yorubans, in their own tongue, of that

Sacred Word which will be at once the standard and the

subjectof all his ministrations among them.

The system of phonography employed in the Vocabu-

 ( V )

which also contains the analysis derivation of

lary "
or

each several word is that adopted by this Society in its

"

" Rules for reducing unwritten languages to alphabetical

writing in Roman characters, with reference especially to

the languages spoken in Africa," appended to the Church

Missionary Report for 1848-49, in which '^

it has not been

attempted to form a perfect phonetic system, but one

which practical experience suggests as

the most
dient
expe-

under all the circumstances of the case." A mary

sum-

of it, as
far as
it bears on
the present subject, will

be found at (40).
p.

The work is now sent forth with the prayerful hope

that it
may
do much, in God's hand, towards facilitating

the of the Gospel in a

land which has peculiar
progress

claims the efforts and sympathies of England.

on

Church Missionary House,

April 12, 1852.

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS

ON TIU-;

YORUBA LAjNGUAGE,

BY TFIE

O. E. VI DAL, M.A.
REV.
 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

It is with much diffidence that I venture to lay before

the public the following scanty remarks on the guishing

distin-

peculiarities of the Yoruba language. My

design has been, to illustrate a few of its leading tures,
fea-

in the hope of aw'akening an interest in the

subject, and of giving a stimulus to further investigation.

The full appreciation of the character and genius of a

language demands a longer and more familiar ance

acquaint-
with it than has yet fallen to the lot of Europeans
in the case of the Yoruba. And where the analogies wdth

kindred or cognate dialects are as yet undiscovered, this

difficultyis incomparably greater than it is where those

analogies are traceable. In taking up, for example,

such a language as the Sicuana, supposing the learner to

have formed a previous acquaintance with the Kafir, the

analogous system of prefixes strikes him at the very first

entrance on his studies, and suggests inquiries as to ther

fur-

analogies, which themselves to his mind as

approve

probable; so that he does not pursue his researches at

random. But the reverse of this is the case where

very
such analogies are w^anting : there he is,as it were, ing
feel-

his in the dark, without the advantage of know-

ing
way

even what to seek for. Such is the difficultywdiich

we have to encounter in the study of the Yoruba. How^-

ever beautiful or perfect its vocabulary or construction

may be, we are left to feel after its perfections, and to

light upon them one by one, as if by chance, from the

want of those known affinities with other tongues which

should be the clue to guide us through the labyrinth.

 ( 2 )

Failing,however, those analogiesvvliich would enable us

to connect the Yoruba with its kindred dialects,and so,

by direct inference, to lay down its positionamongst the

languages of Africa, we may still,from the very want

of those analogies,come negative conclusion, and

at a

exclude it from one and another of those ethnological

families whose characteristic features are prominent and

defined, and perhaps eventually,after a series of ex-
so clusions,

result,from which
arrive at a satisfactory there

will be no escaping. But at present our knowledge of

African philology is so scanty, that it were utterly im-
possible

to continue our negative process so far. The

utmost that I can attempt in the remarks I now have to

offer is tolay the foundation of this series of exclusions,

thus marking out one or two of the grand families of the

Hamitic stock, to which the Yoruba cannot be referred,

and in this manner limitingto some extent the area over

which we must search for its affinities.

The peculiarityof the Yoruba
first language to which
I shall refer,is,the complete and regular system of
fixes
pre-
by which substantives are formed. This is a pro-
minent
feature in the language,and renders it susceptible
of increase to an indefinite extent. The originalidea
contained in the simple verb may be modified in a

varietyof ways, and carried through numerous relations,

without periphrasis, by the mere addition of prefixes,in
such a regular system that it is scarcelypossibleto mis- take
the meaning of the compound.
1. We have first the radical word, expressing the sim- ple
idea of acting or suffering ; as se, do ;" fe, love ;" " "

"
MO, know ;" lo, "go."
2. The idea contained in this radical word assumes a

substantive form, in which it expresses abstractedlythe

action denoted by the verb, by taking the prefix ?;
 ( 3 )

thus, isE, "

the action or act of doing ;" ife, the act of "

loving,love ;" mo,

"
the act of knowing, knowledge ;"

iLo,
"
the act of going."
3. The action denoted by the verb cannot be always
regarded in the abstract : it comes before us also in the

concrete, when it becomes more definite,as possessing

particularrelations,so that the general idea is very much

limited. To express this limitation, the prefix a is

used ; as aye,
"
a state of living;" afe,
'^
a state of lov-
ing,"

ALO,
"
going." These words apply to particular
a

agents at particulartimes, generallyimplying that the

acts they describe may come to an end ; and tbey cannot

be used convertiblywith iye, ife, ilo, which denote life,

love, going, in the abstract. Perhaps the distinction

might be stated thus, that i denotes the act, a the fact,

expressed in the verb.
4. The prefix ati describes the same action as in-
tended

or commencing, and may be called the inchoative

"
prefix. Thus, ATIL9, the act of going," atife, the "

act of loving,"considered as not yet in exercise.

5. The abstract idea of the action expressed in the verb
may be negatived, or converted into its opposite,by the
"
prefixingof a to the abstract prefixi. Thus, aimo, knowing,
un-

ignorance/'aigbon, want "

of wisdom," aigbo,
"
unbelief."

To describe the agent of the action contained in the

verb the followingmodes of formation are observed.

G. The prefix a; as apejja, "a fisherman," from

pejja,
"
a fish," AKONRiN, ^'
a singer," from konrix,
"
to

sing.
"
7. The reduplicationof the verb, as pejjapejja, a

"
fisherman," konrinkonrin, a singer."
8. From the noun again is formed a verb of posses-
sion,
by prefixingthe verb Nf, "to have," which, before
 ( 4 )

nouns beginning with a, e, o, is changed into li, and

drops its vowel ; thus we find, from idajo, "judgment,
or the act of
judging," nidajo, "
to possess, or be in, the
act of judging;" from almo, "ignorance," "to
LAIM9,
possess ignorance ;" from ese,
"
sin," lese,
"
to possess
sin ;" from owo,
"
money," lowo,
"
to possess money."
9. And hence nouns of
possession are formed by pre-
fixing
a vowel to this verb, which varies according to a

determinate rule. Where the form ni is retained, the

prefixed vowel is 0 : in the other cases it is the same as

the initial vowel of the noun which denotes the thing

possessed ; thus, onidajo,
"
one who judges ;" alaimo,
"
one who is ignorant;"elese, "
one who has sin ;" olowo,

"one who possesses money;" olorun, "one who sesses,

pos-
or is in, heaven."
The following list of derivatives from se will throw

more light u])on the above-described formation of nouns.

SE,
"
sin," the originalidea of the verb.

ESE,
"
sin,"the noun, an irregularformation.
LESE,
"
to have sin," verb of possession.
EL^sE,
"
one who has sin," noun of possession.
iLESE,
"
the act of having sin."

ailese,
" the not having sin."

LAiLESE,
"
to possess frcedom from having sin."
ALAiLESE,
"
one who possesses freedom from having sin."
So complete and perfect is this system that it admits

of being exhibited in a tabular form, as follows :

There is a degree of similaritytraceable in the verbal

nouns, as they have been called, of the M pong we Ian-

 ( 5 )

For instance, there are abstract nouns, derived

^uage.
from the verb, a"^ in Yoruba, by prefixing i ; as, from
"
to love," iTONDA,
"
lovc ;" nouns of agency,
TONDA,
formed by prefixing o; as, from noka, "to lie,"onoki,
"a liar;" and frequentativenouns, formed by the change
of the final " into ini; as, from noka, "to lie,"nokini,
" much or habitual lying." *

The very same thing is observable in the Kafir and

Sicuana languages. Of the former, Boyce says in his

Grammar, "
The second person sing, of the imp. mood of

the verb be considered as the root from which the

may
other words, especiallythe nouns, are derived. By fixes
pre-
to this part of the verb, and sometimes by a slight
change in termination, the Kafirs form nouns verbal,
abstract, concrete, "c., which, though never heard as

nouns before in that form, would be readily understood

by Kafir who understood the meaning of the word
every
from whence they are derived. '"t Archbell's account of

Sicuana formations is given in almost the same words. ;|:

The Kisuaheli language, also, has modes of formation

by which substantives, as well concrete as abstract, are

derived from verbs, or from simple nouns, as Dr. Krapf

has fully explained in his grammar of that language,
pp. 40 "
44."
In the Mandingo, too, nouns of instrument, of quality,
and of agency, are formed either from verbs or nouns, in

a similar manner; but always by suffixes instead of pre-

fixes.
Indeed, the use of suffixes, where other African

would employ prefixes,may be said to be

languages a

Vide "
Grammar of the Language," by the Missionaries of
* A Mpongwe
the A. B. C. F. M. Gaboon Mission, Western Africa, " 17. p. 14.

+ Vide "A Grammar of the Language," by

Kafir Boyce, " IL 4. p. 6. W.

I Vide "A Grammar of the Sechuana Language," by Archliell,p. 8.

5; Vide "
Outline of the Elements of the Kisuaheli Language,'' by the Rev.

Dr. J. L. Krapf. Part IL Ch. IL " 4.

 ( 6 )

universal rule in the ^landingo.* Dr. Latham, however,

in his elaborate on African has
pliilolo(";y, an servatio
ob-
paper
that tile value of a distinction of this kind,
between the methods of inflexional formation in dilFerent

languages, is of no great importance.f

Something of the same character pervades that most

remarkable of African dialects, the Woloif, indeed to

such an extent, that new words, never heard before,

might be formed from known roots, according to a nised

recog-

process, as in the Yoruba, w Inch would not fail of

being understood. M. Dard, in his "

Dictionnaire Wo-

lofF,"states this fact most unequivocally; "

Nos livres

fran9ais,"he says,
"
peuvent done etre traduits assez

exactement dans le langage des negres woloiTs ; et nous

pouvons affirmer que ces memes negres saisiront le sens

des mots formes d'apr^s cette methode, tant ils sont

habitues a decomposer et a composer les mots."|

In this respect the Woloff comes nearer to the Yoruba

than any of the other languages to which I have referred,

without excepting even the Kafir and Sicuana. A ciple
prin-
of this kind, it is true, is of necessityto be found in

operation in all polysyllabic tongues ; but the guishing

distin-
feature in the Yoruba is the beautiful pleteness
com-

and perfect regularitywhich characterize its

formative process.
80 far, however, as our researches have proceeded at

present, this leading feature of the Yoruba language will

not help us in assigningits positionamongst the families
of the llamitic stock. But there is, in relation to this

part of our subject,a fact to be noticed, which will enable

"
Vide "A Grammar of the jMandingo Languago," by the Rev. R. M.
Macbrair, " 19"21.
t Vide^' The 17th Rej)ort of the British Association," p. 218.
J Vide "
Dictionnairc Woloff- Fraii^aisct Fran^ais- Woloff/' ]jar M. Dard.
 ( 7 )

US to take a first step in our of exclusion. I

process
mean, that with all this perfect regularityof formation
there is a total absence of that elaborate system of clas-
sification
by means of formative prefixes,which guishes
distin-
the South-African family; which was first de-
veloped
by Boyce in his Grammar of the Kafir language,*
and has been recentlyexplained in a more
philosophical
manner by Dr. Krapf in his Kisuaheli works. He solves
re-

this grand peculiarityinto an action of the South-

African mind in itscontemplation of nature. "
The
mind of the South African," he says, "
divides, as it were,
the whole creation into two halves, of which the one is

governed by the
principleof spontaneityof movement,
and of creative activity,whilst the other follows the
principleof passivenessand necessity. The South-Afri-
can
mind
distinguishes the animate creation from the
inanimate ; and, again, distinguishesin the animate
creation rational and irrational beings, men and brutes.

Furthermore, in the inanimate creation it distinguishes

between life and death, as it were. In general,it would

seem that the South-African mind, in the formation and

cultivation of its language,was guided by the impression

of life which pervades the whole creation in various dations
gra-
or modifications." t This mental distinction,
thus
described by Dr. Krapf, developed itself in a general
classification of nouns substantive, by means of a system
of formative prefixes. And the entire absence of any
such classification in the Yoruba is
fullysufficient to clude
ex-

it from that extensive family of languages which

occupies the W'hole of Africa south of the line,and of

which I have recently discovered the Temneh (with its
two cognates, the Sherbro and the BiiUom) to be a branch.

* Vide " II. 5. et passim.

t "
Outl. of El. of Kisuaheli Language." Part II. Ch. II. p. 30.
 ( 8 )

The second strikingfeature of tlie Yoruba language

which claims our notice, is,the curious euphonic system
which regulatesthe concord of tlie verb and pronoun.
Each personal pronoun in the singular number has

three distinct forms, which cannot be used nately,

indiscrimi-

but the appropriateness of which depends clusively

ex-

upon the vowel sound of the verb with which

they are in construction. That vowel sound affects the

vowel alteringit so as to make it of the

of the pronoun,

same kind or quantity. The first,indeed, of the three

forms just alluded to is a sort of general form, being

the originaland full form of the pronoun ; but the use of

the two latter is wholly regulated by the vowel sound of

the verb.

For this purpose the vowels of the Yoruba language

are apparently made to form two separate classes,accord-
ing

to the closeness or openness of their sound ; thus "

Close vowels ...

o e i i u u

Open vowels ...

o e a a

Then, according to the close or open sound of the

vowel which occurs in the governing verb, the pronoun

assumes the close or open o. The full forms of the three

personal pronouns are, emi, iwo, on. The forms which

before the first class of vowels
they assume are, mo, o, 6 ;
and before the second, mo, o, o The third personal pro-
.
noun,
6, 9, is marked w ith the acute accent, to show that

the distinction between the second and third consists in the

latter being enunciated with an elevation of the voice.

The Yoruba language abounds in these intonations. It is

observable, also,that negative particle is subject to

the

the same changes, its originalform being ki, before close

vowels Ko, and before open, ko. This system of muta-
tions,

which I would call the Vocalic Euphony System,

may be exhibited in the following table : "
 ( 10 )

relation which obtains between the component parts of a

sentence.

I have observed that the appearance of this principle

of euphonic concord seems to connect the Yoruba with
the langua,^esof Africa generally. I must add, however,
that it affords us no clue to the position which this

language holds amongst them, except it be negatively,

by pointing out to what classes it does not belong. The
simple fact, that in the Yoruba the euphonic changes
affect tlie vowel-sound alone, whilst in those systems which
prevail so generally throughout Africa the concord is
effected by consonantal changes,furnishes us with a very
marked distinction,sufficient to exclude this
language
from the other classes in which the euphonic principle
is found; although the existence of the principle in

any shape may still be regarded as a connecting link, in

tracingout the larger families of human speech.
I know of but one instance in which there is any thing
that very closelyresembles the vocalic euphony of the

Yoruba, and that is in the concord of the verb and noun

pro-
in one tense only in the Haussa language. There

the vowel which serves as an auxiliary to the verb varies

according to the vowel-sound of the pronoun ; so that we

have Ni /sAii, ka y/soii, ki /sou, ta ^soii, mu f/soH, for the

several persons of that tense.* Here, however, we may

observe a distinction ; for
whereas, in the Haussa, the noun
pro-
influences the verb, in the Yoruba, on the contrary,

the verb acts upon the pronoun.

And this is the only instance of any thing nearly
very
resembling the Yoruba euphonic concord ; for there is

no resemblance, except in the bare existence of

prin-
ciple, a

between this vocalic change, and the regular har-

* Vide "
Vocabulary of the Haussa Language," by the Kev. J. F. Schon,
p. 25.
 ( 11 )

monious system which pervades and directs the whole

construction of that vast family in the south, to whicli

the appropriate name of the Alliteral Class has been

applied. The known dialects of that great class have

been divided into four separate families, the Congo, the

Damara, the Sicuana, and the Kafir, to which may now

be added at least tw^o others, the Kisuaheli and the

Temneh. Their general resemblance to each other in

point of construction clearly proves them all to belong

to one stock ; whilst the existing between
dissimilarity
them and the Yoruba, in the particularwe are now sidering,
con-

will confirm us in the conclusion to which we

have been already led by the total want in the latter of

that system of classification by prefixeswhich pervades

and distinguishesthe former.

There is,however, one other very remarkable language,

long known to Europeans on the West Coast, which hibits
ex-

the peculiarityof the euphonic concord ; I mean,

the WolofF. But here it only presents itself in thesingle

instance of that most unique and efTective particleto
which Roger gives the title of "
le signe de position,"*
and which, according to Dard, has seven different forms

depending on the initial of the noun which it defines.t

This phase of the euphonic concord, though totallyun-

connected

with that of the South-African languages,

does yet bear a nearer resemblance to that than it bears

to the which in the Yoruba. And hence

phase we trace

I would that the vocalic euphony system of the

argue,
latter does not only exclude it from the vast alliteral

class of the south, but also from that western family,

whatever it may prove to be, to which the Woloff, at

present standing alone and unconnected, distinguishedas

* Vide "Rech"rches sur la langue Ouolof," par M. le Baron Roger.

"
Dictionnaire Woloff- Franoais Fran^ais-Wolotf," par M. Dard.
t et
 ( 12 )

it is by many shall
extraordinary peculiarities, ally
eventu-

be traced.

The third feature which 1 shall notice in the Yoruba

is one of a still more negative character than either of

those which have preceded. It is the total absence of

conjugation
in the verb. There are, it is true, a few ticles
par-
used as auxiliaryverbs, to mark distinctions of

mood and tense ; but single exception,

these, with the

perhaps, of the future auxiliary vio, are significantin

themselves, and consequently separable from the verb

they are employed to modify. Thus we have le and ma,
denoting a potentialand a subjunctivemood respectively
;

as also for the tenses, ti, past, and yio, future. But

there is nothing that presents the appearance of inflex-

ion

: the verb always appears in its root form, which

never varies.
The grand peculiarityof African languages generally,
as it respects the verb, is the extreme perfectionto
which they have carried that kind of conjugationwhich
Chev. Bunsen has denominated the Semitic. By this

name is denoted "

the modification of the predicatecon-
tained

in each adjectiveverb," to give his own definition,

in contradistinction to what he calls the Sanscritic jugation,
con-

"
which is intended to mark the modifications of
which the copula is capable,according to time and mode

of existence."* In the Semitic languages,these cations

modifi-

are effected by an alteration of the form of the

originalverb, either by the mere change of vowels in the

same radical consonants, or by an addition of servile ters

let-

with a suitable change of vowels.f The seven con-

* Vide "Seventeenth Report of the British Association," p. 282, in a paper

the results of the recent researches in reference to Asiatic and
on Egyptian
African by C. C. J. Bunsen.
Ethnology, and the classification of Languages,
t Vide "
Grammar of the Amharic the Rev. C. W. Isen-
Language," by
berg, Ch. IV. " IL 3.
 "( 13 )

jngationsof the Hebrew, and the thirteen of the Arabic

verb will at once occur to our minds, all formed in the

manner above described. The Ethiopiclanguage,strictly

Semitic, has ten of these different forms ; whilst in the

Amharic, which connects Semitism with Africa, Isenberg

has exhibited no less than twenty-fourvariations of form

belonging to the regular and perfectverb. Chev. Bunsen

states that the old Egyptian shows a germ of this Semitic

conjugation; but the developement of that germ in the

*
Coptic is not organic, being effected by an auxiliary.
The same system prevailsto some extent in the Berber ;

much Newman in his "

From
so so, that says grammar,

primitive verbs are derived others with a modified ing,

mean-

exactly on the same principleas in the Ethiopian

and Syro-Arabian."t He subsequently mentions three

forms of these derivative verbs : 1. The Causative, with

respect to which he says,
"
This is so entirelya living
process, that a causative verb, it would seem, may always
from given verb, without risk of
safelybe invented any

being misunderstood.":!: 2. The Passive or Neuter; and,

3. The Reciprocal ; adding that more derived forms "

methodized."" As
than these exist, but cannot yet be
we proceed southward, however, to the large alliteral
family already so often mentioned, we find this system of
conjugation developing itself,if not more fully,at least
with more of definiteness and regularity. To mention
few of the dialects which that
some many compose
least eight modifications of
family,the Kafir exhibits at

the Kisuaheli the

the verb, the Siciiana six, seven,

the Temneh equal number. The

Mpongwe eleven, and an

* " Seventeenth Report of the British Association," p. 282.

"
Vide "
A Grammar of the Berber Language," 313.
t p.

I Ibid. p. 314.
^ Ibid. p. 315.
 ( 14 )

called by some
conjuojation the Objective,*by others the
Relative,!is a peculiaritywhich marks all these guages,
lan-
and is not to be met with, as far as my ledge
know-

extends, in any that does not belong to this family.

It denotes that the action described is performed tively,
rela-
for or in behalf of another. This conjugation
does not appear in the Wololf, which, however, is markably
re-

in
prolific its modifications of the verb, ing
count-

no less than eleven, and many of these peculiar to

itself,having no place in other languages ; as, for stance,
in-
the Preparatory, the Iterative, the Diminutive,
and the Intensive
Negative conjugations; thus servingto
keep up that character for singularity which distinguishes
this unique specimen of human speech. Even in the

Mandingo there seems a slighttouch ofSemitism in this

respect, as a causative conjugation may be formed from

the radical by an organic change ; but to the best of my
belief,these modifications of the predicate are not ried
car-

any further in that dialect.

And now, after taking this summary view of the cipal
prin-
families of Africa, in respect of this grand teristic,
charac-
when I add, that in the Yoruba there is not the

slightest
trace of any thing approaching to it,I think we

shall feel constrained to admit that the total absence of

such distinguishingpeculiaritymust
a of necessityex-
clude

the Yoruba from any direct relationship to the

families possessingit. Thus we are led again,by a third

argument, independent of the two former, to the conclu-

sion
that this language has no connexion with the alli-

teral family of the south ; we are also strengthened in

our former view of its complete separation from the

WolofF; and, in addition to this,we now find that it is

*
Boycp, "
Kafir Grammar" " VI. n. p. 49.

t American Missionaries' "

Mj)()ngwe Grammar," " 57
 ( 15 )

equally far from the more Semitic

strictly families of the
northern and north-eastern portions of the African tinent.
con-

If we now turn to the map of Africa, we shall perceive

that the area over which we must search for the ties
affini-
of the Yoruba language is very considerably di-
minished

; that,in fact, nothing now remains to be plored

ex-

for this purpose but the tract on either side of the

banks of the Niger, with the Guinea coast, which is closed
en-

by the course of that mysterious river, and the

line of Mahommedan kingdoms which stretches eastward

on either side of the inland sea of Tchad, from the Niger

to the Nile ; the whole being included between
space
the fifth and fifteenth degrees of N. latitude,and between
ten degrees W. and thirtydegrees E. of longitude.
There is another very strikingfeature in the Yoruba

language, which I feel in this unwilling to pass over

memoir, although,at the present stage of our knowledge
on the subjectof African philology,it will not afford any
help in assigningto this language its proper position on
the ethnologicalchart. The adverb is a part of speech
in which we do not commonly recognise ristic
characte-
any
sufficiently
prominent to become a distinctive mark
of any language, either generic or specific. But in the

case of the Yoruba there is a most observable peculiarity

in the use of this part of speech, wiiich must, I think,
eventually prove to be such a distinctive mark. Speaking
in general terms, we say, that each individual adverb
may
of qualificationpossesses an idiosyncrasy of its own
which altogetherincapacitatesit from supplying the
place of another. It contains within itself the idea of the
word which it is
employed to qualify,although,as to
form and derivation,totallyunconnected with tliat word.

In this way "

almost verb has its
every adjectiveand own
 ( 16 ;

peculiar adverb to
express its quality/'*or rather its de-
gree.
This
peculiaritymust certainly greatlyincrease
the expressiveness of the language. Thus, for example,
in sentences where we should employ the word "veiy"
let the subject of which we were speaking be what it
might, the Yoruban would express the same meaning
with far more of definiteness and precisionby a separate
adverb in each case, no two of which could be used con-

vertibly. We should say, for instance, "

The tree is

veri/ high ;" "

tlie bird flies vcri/ high ;" "
this cloth is

veri/ yellow ;" "

the scarlet is veri/ red ;" "
the glass is
vety dazzling." But the Yoruban would vary his adverb
in example ; thus iggi ga Jiqfio ;" eiyefo tian-
" "
every
tian;' aso
"
yi pon rokirokif ododo pipa roro;" "

"
awojijinndan maratimaran" It is true, we have adverbs
which can only be applied to certain classes of subjects,
as the word beautifully"can only be used concerning
"

objectsof sense ; but even here the tendency to general-

ize
is observable : beautifully"belongs of course, in its
"

original acceptation,only to objects of sight,as, the "

cloth is beautifully yellow ;" but we employ it constantly

in reference to objects of hearing, speaking of harmony

as beautifullysoft,and so on. In the Yoruba, on the

contrary, we observe the working of a principlethe very

oppositeof this generalization. Thus the word fiofio," "

used above, can only apply to the idea of height, and

that,too, only when the subjectof which height is predi-
cated
is connected with the ground, and stands upon it ;

for when height implies distance from the

the idea of

ground and separationfrom it, another distinct adverb,

"
tiantian," must be employed. So, too, the adverb ro-
"

kiroki" can only be used of a yellow colour, although the

word itself does not mean yellow; and roro" only of a "

* Vide "
Vocabulary of the Yoruba Language," by S. Crowther, p. 29.
 ( 18 )

dency. It is true that this concise and pointed method

of speech is,in a degree, common to all nations amongst
whom civilization has made but little progress ; for, as
has been
justlyremarked, proverbial expressionsare "

peculiarlyadapted to a rude state of society,and more

likelyto produce effect than any other ; for they profess
not but to command
to dispute, ; not to persuade, but to

compel : they conduct men, not by circuitous argument,

but immediately, to the approbation and practiceof in- tegrity

and virtue."* In the Yoruba, however, there is

an extraordinaryexuberance of these sententious sayings,

not confined to any particularcaste undertaking to be

the guide of the rest ; but everywhere in the mouths of

all,imparting a character to common conversation,and

marking out a people of more than ordinary shrewdness,
and discernment.
intelligence, If brevity and elegance

be regarded as the two main excellencies of a proverb,

the Yoruban aphorisms may claim an equal rank with

those of any other nation in ancient or modern times ; for

besides the condensation of the discriminatingsentiment
into a small compass, which is always observable in

them, there is,for the most part, also an almost poetical

contrivance or construction of the parts, which marks a

refinement of taste greater than we should naturallyhave

expected.
1 believe that the number and the character of these

proverbialsayingswill almost bear us out in callingthem

the national poetry of the Yorubas. I am not aware of
the existence them of any heroic pieces,or war
among
and hunting songs, such as those which prevail amongst
the southern tribes,and of which Casalis has given us

*
Vide Home's " Introduction to the Scriptures," Vol. II. Part II. Book

II. Ch. I. ^ vi.

 ( ly )

several remarkable specimens.* The poetry of the

Yorubas, if I may call it such, seems rather to be of the

didactic kind, probably evincing a diiferent character of

mind in the people ; and which cannot fail,I think, to

remind us, both in sentiment and in style,of some of the

poeticalbooks of scripture.
I would proceed to point out one or two features of

the Yoruban proverb which are worthy of notice.

In the first place, they are in the main metaphorical.

Some object of sense is selected,to which the character
intended is attributed, and some quality,or other dent,
acci-
is predicated of that object of sense, which is de-
signed
to figurethe intended predicate. As an illustra-
tion
of my meaning, I may quote the proverb,
Agbe ni ije egbin omi,
^' calabash receives of
A the sediment water,"
which is explained to mean,
"
An elder nmst exercise

forbearance;" or,

EnNITI O da LI ERU ITO,

"
Ashes always flyback in the face of him that throws

them,"
i. e. the calumnies, or which
injuries, one man aims at

another will recoil on his own head. This cal

metaphori-
style is not essential to a proverb ; but I think we

say it is essential,or at least most highly conducive,

may
to the proverb. Casalis has ob-
poeticalcharacter served of a

the same in the Sisuto proverbs in the south.

"
Les Bassoutos,"he says, "me paraissentavoir ete tout
particulierementheureux dans ce genre de composition.

Leur langue, par sa precisionenergique se prete admi-

rablement au stylesententieux,et I'elementmetaphorique
est entree si abondamment dans sa formation, qu 'on ne

*
Vide " 'Etudes la langue Sechuaiia," Eug. Casalis,Partie III.
sur par
p. 32.
 ( 20 )

revetir
saurait parlersans s'habituer insensiblement
la a

ses pensecs de quelque image qui les fixe dans la me-

moire."* As an instance of this metaphorical style,we

find amongst his catalogueofSisuto proverbs, La pointe "

de I'aiguille doit passer la premiere," meaning, "Be

direct in your discourse, avoid disguisingthe truth by

evasive words." Another example of the same kind

amongst the Yorubas is,

Ate yun ate wa li a ite ekuro oju onna,
"
To be trodden upon here, to be trodden upon there, is
the fate of the palm-nut lying in the road."

Multitudes more of a similar character might be tioned.

men-

The characteristic,however, which gives to the

Yoruban proverbs their peculiarclaim to be regardedas

a national didactic poetry, is a feature which w^as first

pointed out to my notice by esteemed and valued

my
friend, the Rev. Henry Venn. It is that same feature

which Bishop Lowth considered one of the grand cha-

racteristi

and which Bishop Jebb has proved to be the

sole distinctive of Hebrew
characteristic, poetry. We
call it the system of parallelism,and by this word Me

denote equality,resemblance, or relationship,

"
a certain
between the members of each period ; so that in two
lines,or members of the same period,thingsshall answer
to things, and words to words, as if fitted to each other

by a kind of rule or measure."! This parallelismin

Hebrew poetry has been stated to consist of four species,
which have been termed
respectively the
the gradational,

antithetic,the and
synthetic, the introverted. The gra-

"
* 'Etudes sur la lang.Sech." Part III. p. 84.
t Vide Home's "
Introduction to the Scrii^tures,"Vol. II. Part II. Book
II. Ch. II. 1x496. To the examination of Scripturepoetry contained in that

invaluable work I am indebted fur the arrangement of this part of my

subject.
 ( ^1 )

dational is that speciesin which the second clause rises

above the first,either in significanceor in expression;

the antithetic is that in which the two clauses are nected
con-

by contrast instead of similarity; the synthetic

is that in which the parallelismlies in the construction

of the sentences, noun answering to noun, and verb to

artificial ;
verb, being strictly and the introverted is that

in which, whatever be the number of clauses, the first is

parallelto the last, the second to the last but one, and

so on.

Of the gradational parallelismwe meet with a few

instances amongst the Yoruban proverbs ; thus, in the

ascending scale, we have,

OSO ONIBUJE k6 PE ISAN,
OsO ONINABl k6 JU ODUN LO.
" " " "
"

"
Marks made with buje do not last more than nine days,
Marks made with inabi do not last more than a year."
AlIERE NI YIO KEHIN OKO,

'AtTA NI YIO KEHIN ILLE.

" The farm-house will be after the farm,

roof will be after the house."
The ridge of the
scale notice the two lowing
fol-
And in the descending we may
"

Bi 1W9 k6 LI owe, o LI ENA ;

Bl IWO k6 LI ENA, O LI CHUN RERE LI ENNU.

visits
"
If you have no money (to give),you may pay ;

If you cannot visit,you may send kind messages."

This partakes of the character of the logicalsorites.
AbEBBE NI IBE IKU,
AbEBBE NI IBE ORAN ;

Bl ORU BA MU

AbEBBE NI IBE E.
"
" "

off death,
"
A pleader (with the gods) wards
A pleader(with the judge)wards off punishment ;
 ( 22 )

If the heat is oppressive

A fan wards off that."

Of the antithetic parallelismwe also meet with some

examples ; indeed, this species is peculiarlyadapted to

adages and aphorisms. The followingare specimens "

ASE ALAPA LI OSO, KO GBO ;

AsE CHUN GBOGBO FU IGGI, O YE IGGI.

"
However a ruined mud wall may be garnished, the
trouble will be useless ;

But all trouble bestowed upon things made of wood is

advantageous."
Jl AGBA OTTI, JI AGBA ETTU I

EnNITI ARAN WA KI IJI AGBA.

"
The owner may broach his cask of licpiid,
or barrel of

powder ;

But he who is sent with it dares not broach the cask."

Ari ti enni mo iwi ;

fl apadi bo ti re molle.

"
He who sees another's faults knows well how to talk
about them ;

But he covers his own with a potsherd."

Enia lassan po o ju igbe ;
Enni rere won o ju oju lo.

"
Ordinary people are as common as grass ;

But good people are dearer than eye."an

This last reminds forcibly of

us the Scriptureproverbs
in its style of composition ; each word in the second
clause being antithetic to some word in the first. Exam-
ples
of this character are to be found in almost every
chapter of the Book of Proverbs; as, for instance,xi. 1.

xiii. 3. xiv. 34. xv. G,20. xxi. 12. "c."c.

The Yoruba abounds more in the
syntheticparallelism
than in any other. A few examples will serve to show
the peculiaritiesof the species.
 ( 23 )

Kl ADABA SUSU KI O WI FU JEDIEDIE, '

" " " "

Kl EIYE KI O WI FU EIYE.
" "
" "

**
Let the white pigeon tell the woodpecker,
Let bird tell bird."
Agba ko si, illu baje;

Balle ku, ille di ahoro.

" When there are no elders, the town is ruined ;

When the master dies,the house is desolate."

Bebbe ki o ri okose :

Sagbe ki o ri awon.

"
Beg for help, and you will meet with refusals ;

Ask for alms, and you will meet with misers."

Under this class we often find proverbs in which the

second clause, constructed with a studied similarityto

the contains
first, the
explanation of the figurativelan-
guage

which the first employed. Thus,

Aji bo wa iba li aba ila li atellewo,

AwA KO MO enni ti o ko 6 ;
"'
" " " " "

Aji bo wa iba li owo adasan,

awa ko mo enni tl o je e.
" " " " "

" We wake, and find marks on the palm of our hand.

We do not know who made them ;

We wake, and find an old debt,

We do not know who contracted it."
Abere bo lowo adette, o di ete;

Oran ba ille, o di ero.

^'
If a needle fall from a leper'shand, it requirescon-
sideration

(to pick it up) ;

If a great matter is before the council, it requiresdeep
thought."
AkI IGBA AKAKA lowo AKITl ;

AkI IGBA ILLE BABBA ENNI LOWO ENNI.

"
" " "

"
No-one can cure a monkey of squatting;
So no-one can deprive a man of his birthright."
 ( 24 )

AsTSORi k6 ni ikun bi aobX ;

Otosi ko lowo bi oloro.

" " " "

"
A pistolhas not a bore like a cannon;

A poor man has not money at his command as the

rich."

^Imado iba se bi eledde, abilluje ;

Eru iba jobba, enia ko kun.

'*
A wild boar, in the place of a pig, would ravage the

town ;
And a slave made king would spare nobody."
Elubo se ogbodo ri,

Eru se ommo ni ille babba re.

* " " " "

"
As the elubo was once a soft unripe yam,
So the slave was once a child in his father's house."

twenty-sixth chapter of
The Proverbs is full of

aphorisms of this class,in which the second clause plains

ex-

the first.
Of the introverted parallelismthe followingis a cimen
spe-
"

Ibaje apo ni

Ibaje apa ;
Bi apa ba ja,
^\po aballe.

"
The injuryof a bag
Is (caused by) the injuryof the pack-rope ;
If the pack-rope breaks.
The bag will go down."
For the most part, however, the Yoruba proverbs are
not long enough display this species of parallelism;
to

but we may notice something similar to it in the inverted

order of the corresponding words in the two parallel

clauses which we often meet with ; thus

Eleke LI eke iye ;

Ohun ti aba se ni iye 'ni.

 ( :^" )

^'
The world is an Ocean,
Mankind is the (lagoon)Ossa,
One cannot swim, So as to cross the world."

IW9 IBA Rl,

IWO KO GBODDO WI I
-^
" " "

Nl I PA AKONI.

''
You may see,
You must not speak ;
It is that which is the death of the strong man."
i. e. a strong man perish for want of being apprised
may
of his danger.
Igbo biribiri,
Okunkun biribiri ;
Okunkun ni yio sette igbo.

"
The forest is very dark,
The night is very dark ;
The darkness of the night is deeper than the darkness of

the forest."

Erin ntu ekuru,

Efon ntu ekuru:

titu ekuru ajannaku b6 ti efon molle.

" " " "

"
The elephant makes a dust,
The buffalo makes a dust ;
The dust of the elephant Hides that of the buffalo."

EnNU IMG 'nNU,

Ete imo ete,
Ni iko oran ba ereke.

"
Mouth keeping to mouth,
Lip keeping to lip,
Bring trouble to the jaws."
EwuRE je, o re ille,
Agutan je, o re ille;

Aje iWA ille Ba eledde je.

 ( 27 )

"
When the goat has fed, it returns home,
When the sheep has fed, it returns home ;

Not returning home after feedingRuins the character of

"
the pig.

It is observable that in these stanzas, for the most part,

the concluding line is about double the length of the

others,and admits of being divided into two. We may

compare with these the triplets in which Scripture lan-

guage

frequentlyruns; as. Matt, viii 20, .

"
The foxes have holes.
And the birds of the air have nests.
But the Son of Man hath not where to layhis head."*

We have, however, examples of a different disposition

of the triplestanza in the Yoruba, where all the lines

are parallel,although,even in such cases, the last is in

contrast, whilst the two others are in thus,

apposition";
Ada ebo fun gunugun, O li on kg ru,

Ada ebo fun Akalla, O li on kg ru,

Ada ebo fun eiyelle, O gbe ebo grubo.

"
Sacrifices were prescribed to the turkey-buzzard,But it

refused to offer them.

Sacrifices were prescribed to the Akalla vulture,But it

refused to offer them.

Sacrifices were prescribedto the pigeon,And it offered

them."

In this,and in several other examples already given,

the lines areevidentlybi-membral, as is constantly the
case in Scripturepoetry.
The Yoruba stanzas, however, are not confined to two

or to three lines : there are instances of quatrains,in which

three lines followed

parallel,
are or preceded by an odd
line ; for example,

* Vide Home's "

Introduction," Vol. II. p. 508.
 ( 28 )

Eru yio je,

esu yio mo,
esu yio lo ;
NiBO LI ALATAMPOKO YIO w6,
"
The locust will eat,
The locust will drink,
The locust
away; will go
But where will the grasshopper hide itself?"
Agba metta ki isi ekulu ipe ;
Bl OKAN PE EKULU,
Ekeji ani ekulu,
Eketta ani ekulu.
"
Three elders cannot all fail to pronounce the word ekulu ;

If one says ekiilu.

The second may say ekulu.
But the third will say ekulu."

Occasionally we find them passingthe number of four,

as in the followingvery simple but reallypoetic stanza

of seven lines,which, \ve may observe, commences with

an odd line,and then divides itself into three couplets,

of parallellines,graduallyincreasingin
strictly length :
Bl OJUMO MO,
Olowo gee owo,

Iranwu agbe kekke,

Ajagun agbe apata,

IWONSO abere gbe assa,
" " "
"

^AgBE Aji TI ON TI ARUKO,

OmMO ODDE aji TI APO TI ORON.
"
" " " " "

"
When the day dawns,
The trader takes his money.
The spinner takes her spindle,
The warrior takes his shield,
The weaver takes his batten,
The farmer wakes, himself and his hoe,

The hunter wakes with his quiver and his bow."

 ( 29 )

The above remarks would seem sufficient to tiate

substan-

the claim of the Yoruba proverbs to a place

amongst the poetry of nations. But without dwellino;
longer on this point,I will proceed to notice one or two

other distinctive features.

One is"
might expect in a nation yet
what indeed we

in its infancy,and scarcely risingout of barbarism that "

the point of the proverb very often lies in the fact of

two words having a very similar sound, with a wholly

different sense, making the proverb in such cases, a play
the word. We have numerous instances of this
upon
amongst the Yoruba adages : to quote a few "

OjO pa BATTA B'ATA BATTA b'aTA LI ORI APATTA I LT ODE

AJALUBATA, BATA NI IGGI, BATTA LI AWO.

The rain the batta

(shoes)goes patter,patter,pat-
on ter,
as on the apatta (rock): in the street of the ajalubata

(head drummer), the bata (drum) is wood, the batta

(shoes)are skin."
This sentence is designed as a play on the word apatta,
of b and t sounds.
containinga frequentrepetition
But there are others whose meaning is more obvious; as,
Abere bo lowo adette, o di ete "
"
If a needle falls

from the hand of a leper, he requires consideration" to

pick it up, because his hand is mutilated by the disease.
is in the words, and
The play in this sentence adette,

One who di ette, is leprous,must di ete, come

be-
o DI ete.

thoughtful.
Igun ogun mi k6 jo ti egun
"
Piercing me with a
ti "

with thorn." Here the

lance is not like piercing me a

resemblance between the three words igun, ogun, egun,

gives a peculiar liveliness to the expression.

" If a child trcats
Bi OMMO DA oRi KAN APA, APA A "

it wounds him." The word apa

the apa tree insolently,
" wounds" is the same as the name of the tree.
 ( 30 )

Ore Ague se li Offa o di egbe"

" The good which

did in Olfa is wasted is become

;" lit., loss. The
Agbe
word denoting loss is egbe',similar in sound to Agbe.
He is said to have been a noted philanthropistamong
the Yorubas.

Iraje apo ni ibaje apa. "

"The injury of the bag is

(caused by) the injury of the pack-rope." Xpo and apa

are similar.
Baba "
A matter puts small
bo baba molle "
great a

matter out of sight." Baba and baba are only guished

distin-

by the accent.

Bl ALAPATA BA PA ERAN,AWON ALAGBATA ABU U LI AJAN

""
When the butcher kills the animal, the retailers cut it

into pieces." The resemblance between alapata and

ALAGBATA obvious.
is Sufficiently

Multitudes more of a similar character might be lected,

col-

but the examples above given are enough to show

the tendency of the Yorubas to the rhetoric figure of

commonly called paronomasia ; in which characteristic
again,as in the parallelismalready described, there is a
striking similarityto the poetry of the Hebrews and

other oriental nations.*

I must not omit to mention, in this brief account of the

Yoruba proverbs,that there is a degree of morallight

observable in them which renders them peculiarlyin-
terestin

and gives them, I may add, a real value in

connexion with the inquiry into the moral government

of the universe inasmuch as it presents us with a lively
;
comment on the words of St. Paul concerning the tiles,
Gen-
"
which show the work of the law written in their

hearts, their conscience alsobearing witness, and their

thouglitsthe meanwhile accusing or else excusing one
another." (Rom. ii. 1.5.) These proverbs,in many in-

*
Vide Home's ''
Introduction," Vol. II. p. 292.
 ( 31 )

stances display ideas concerning the providence of God,

the moral rectitude of actions, or the practice of social

virtues, which (to say theleast)we should hardly have

expected to find in a people so wholly separated from

the influences, direct or indirect,of that revelation which

God was pleased to make of Himself to man. The words

of Casalis,with reference to the Sisuto proverbs,are in

opinion even more applicableto those of the Yoru-

my
bas. "
Sous le rapport moral, il est interessant d'observer

les vestigesde cette conscience universelle,a laquelle

Dieu a confie la direction de toute creature intelligente.
Nousacquerons par la la certitude qu'iln'est pas d'homme
sur la terre qui ne sache discerner entre ce qui est mo-
ralement bon et moralement mauvais, et qui par conse-
quent

ne susceptible d'encourir
soit la condamnation

attachee a la transgression des lois divines."* Amongst

his list of Sisuto proverbs we meet with some that ex-
press

a moral sentiment ; as, for example,

La trappe "

"
prend le grand oiseau aussi bien que le petit;"t Le

est pesant, il empeche celui qui I'a repandu

sang humain
de fuir ;" Le meurtrier
"
dit,Je n'ai tue qu'une bete,
mais I'animal sans poil (I'homme) ne peritpas sans etre
venge ;" L'homme"
trompeur est une aiguillea deux
pointes."]: But there is something more strikingin the
high standard of morality observable in the sayings of

the Yorubas, displaying as it does a conscious tion

recogni-
of the intrinsic excellence of those peculiarvirtues
which we commonly regard as being appreciatedonly in
civilized society. Were we to measure this people by

the standard of their proverbialmorality,we should come

to the conclusion that they had attained no inconside-

* "
'Etudes sur la lang. Sech." Part III. p. 84.

t Ibid. p. 87.
I Ibid. p. 89.
 ( 32 )

rable height in the developement of social relations,hav-

ing

passed out of that savage barbarism, in which every

individual lives for himself alone, into a higher state of

being, in which the dependence of

mutual one member

on another is recognised,giving room for the exercise

of social virtues as a sort of moral compact for the safe-

guard
of
society. A few instances will suffice to explain
my meaning.
Thus the mutual relation between man and man, and

the consequent duty which man owes to man, are tinctly

dis-

acknowledged in the brief sentence,

Enniti o se ibaje enia, o se ibaje ara re.

"
He who injuresanother, injureshimself"
The excellence of truthfulness as one of those virtues "

which are essential to the existence of society,is evi-

dently

implied in such proverbs as the following,con-

demnatory

of the antithetic sin of lying.

Pipe ni yio pe eke ko mu ra.

" The time may be very long, but a lie will be detected

at last."

Dr. Krapf, in his laborious researches on the east coast,

was unable to find any word expressing the idea of gra-
titude
in the
language of all the Suaheli tribes,a fact
significant enough as to the total absence of the moral
feelingdenoted by that name. Amongst the Yorubas, on
the contrary, not only is the word dupe, to give thanks," '^

a word of constant and daily occurrence, but they have

proverbs relatingto ingratitudesufficient to show that,
in theory at least,its turpitude is acknowledged to the

full. Thus they say,

Enniti ase li ore, ti kg dupe ;

Aba se e ni ibi, ko don o.

"
He to whom kindness is shown, and he does not turn
re-

thanks,
 ( 34 )

Another remarkable proverb may be mentioned, in

which we notice the same implied reproof of a partial
respect of persons which we so often find in Scrip-
ture.
Tl)is proverb supposes the case of a poor man

lookingon at the erection of a house: a rafter is dis-

covered

to be not long enough for its intended purpose ;

the poor man ventures to recommend the plan of splicing

two rafters
together,to increase its length : his advice is at
first despised,because he is poor, but eventuallyadopted

on the failure of all other plans. This history the verb

pro-
gives,in the usual brief sententious manner of that

class of composition,

Bl EKKE OTOSI KO TO OKE LI ORO, ATO LI ALLE.

"
If the poor man's rafter does not reach the top in the
morning, it will reach it in the evening."
We are forciblyreminded of the strikingparable in
the ninth chapter of Ecclesiastes,whose moral is given
in the words, "
Then said I, Wisdom is better than

strength ; nevertheless, the poor man's wisdom is de-

spised,

and his w^ords are not heard."

The following is an evident proof that the Yorubas

are capable of appreciating the higher and more rous

gene-
sentiments of refined society,
such as are the farthest

removed from that mere love of animal gratification

which marks the savage :

DiDON LI O DON LI A NBA ORE JE EFO TI ILLE ENNI TO NI IJE.

"
We partake of our friend's entertainment, because
is pleasant,not because
(friendship) we have not

enough (toeat) in our own house."

We are accustomed to view the untutored barbarian as

one who utterly disregards the life of his fellow-man.

Yet even amongst the wild Basuto there are proverbial
expressions which show that they are conscious of its
 ( 35 )

value : two such have been already noticed ; another is

to this effect,"Si un homme a et6 tue secretement, les

paillesdes champs ie diront."* In like manner the Yo-

rubas have this remarkable saying "

OhUN GBOGBO LI ADIYELE,

SUGBON KO SI ENNITI O MO I YE ARA EJJE ARA ENNI.

"
Every thing has its price.
But no-one can set a price upon blood ;"

a remarkable saying in point of view, especi-

every ally
when we look upon it as a self-suppliedtext from

which to preach the Gospel of redemption by the pre- cious

blood of Christ.

The same observation may apply to those proverbs

which show how correct an estimate the Yorubas have

formed in some respects of the character and attributes

of the Divine Being, thereby proving the unqualifiedde-
claratio

of Holy Writ, that " the invisible things of Him

from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being

understood by the things that are made, even His nal
eter-

and Godhead ; so that they are without ex-

power
cuse.f"
That they have a true idea of God's watchful dence,
provi-
and care for all His creatures, is evident from the

following very beautiful proverb, whose import is the

same as that of the English adage, "
Man's extremity is
God's opportunity."

Bl O KUN ONl, KUN OLLA, KI OGBE KI O PA AGILITI, OJO ARO.

(forwant of
"
Agilitiwill die to-day
If the or to-morrow

water), rain will surely come."

* Vide " 'Etudes sur la lang. Secb." p. 8!'.

t Horn. i. 20.
 ( """ )

The Agilitiis an animal of the tribe,which is

guana
said to live for a very long time without water.

There is another, said to be a favourite saying of

very
one of the present chiefs of Abbeokuta, which conveys
such a lesson of dependence on the guiding providence
of God, that it ought not to be omitted here "

O FI IJA FUN OlORUN JA, FOWOLE ERAN.

"
Leave the battle to God, and rest your head upon your
hand."

But not only do tlieythus their acquaintance

prove
with the fact that God's providence superintends all
things upon earth, and that man is dependent on that

overruling power; they speak of man's

farther relation

to God as His servant, evidentlyregarding that relation

as applying to all times and circumstances ; and that,

too, so as almost to force upon us the conclusion that

they viewed that service in the lightof a privilege. At

least,it is difUcult give any
to other explanation of such

a proverb as the following "

Arc ni idena orisa.

"
The (i.e. a man with a withered limb) is the ter
por-
ar9
(at the gate) of the gods."
I understand it as denoting that if a man through firmity
in-

cannot be engaged in the active service of God,

he is still God's servant, and may fulfil his obligations

passively.

Surely these are indications of no ordinary perception

of moral truths, and sufficient to warrant the inference,
that in closeness of observation, in depth of thought, and
in shrewd the
intelligence, Yoruban is ov dvr}p no
tvx^ov
"

ordinary man. The existence of proverbs such as these

 ( 37 )

amongst a people situated as the Yorubans are, is a fact

pregnant with many thoughts on which the theologian

and the moralist may dwell with advantage ; and may
awaken in all an interest in a nation towards whom the

sympathies of the public have been already directed by

the exciting events of their recent politicalhistory. We

can now see a little w^ay into the thoughts and feelings
of that people, which has come prominently before our

notice as the butt of the last effol-ts of the expiring

slave-trade, and the repeller of those efforts: we can

now dive a little into that sea of mind, to which the Da-

homian tyrant would fain have cried,Hitherto shalt thou

come, and no farther ; which he would fain have bound

in the chains of slavery,like the Persian monarch of old ;

but which refused to be fettered,risingup wholly like a

flood, and forcinghis proud to flee before it. Surely

army

great interest must attach to an insightinto the mind of

such a people, now for the first time furnished to the

civilized world, in the work before us, by one of the most

intelligent
amongst them, whose long acquaintance with
foreign civilization renders him capable of appreciating
the importance of the work which he has undertaken,
and of estimating the which
difficulty attends upon the

task of in
rendering intelligible, a new language, the
ideas of another, wholly diverse and alien.

To the philologistthis work presents a new field of

inquiry of a most deeply interestingcharacter. The

nature of those inquiries which it suggests I have deavoured

en-

to set forth in these few introductory vations

obser-

; in which I profess to have done no more than

merely point out the principal distinctive features of the

language ; tlius preparing the way, I trust, in some little

 ( 38 )

for future extended of the Yoru-

measure, more surveys

ban in connexion with other African dialects, when our

acquaintance with Hamitic philology shall have become

more enlarged.

Mean time the remarks already given will be sufficient

to recommend the accompanying work to the perusal of

those who feel an

interest in Africa, and who long for the

coming of that day, when not "five cities" only, but

all cities and towns and villages, not " in the land of

Egypt" only, but in all the tribes of that dark continent,

"
shall speak the language of Canaan, and swear to the

Lord of Hosts."*

*
Isa. xix. 18.
 VOCABULARY

OF THE

YORUEA
LA^^GUAGE,

"c. "c.
 The five vowels, i, o, represent the sounds usually termed
a, e, ti,

Italian,as lieard in the words "

There are also two modified vowels and two dipthongs "

e, a sound between the sounds of bat and bait, hardly distinguish-

able
by an English ear from the latter sound ; approximating
closelyto tlie English interogativeaye? or the German a,
Vdter.

0 a sound between a and as heard in laiv, water, bought,

o,

not; represented in Swedish by a.

ai, nearly equivalent to the English /, in mile.

oi, as in voice.

Among the consonants it is only necessary to notice that "

g is always hard, as in gate,

j is always soft,as in join,

h has always its distinct sound, as an aspirate.
P^ip "
the hard sound, to which gb is the soft correlative.
s=:sh.

Of the accents, none are employed, as in English, merely to mark

the stress to be laid on a particularsyllable.

The circumflex usually indicates a contraction, which is also in all

cases a long syllable,e. g. dabobo, from da-abo-bo.

The acute (') and Q) accents are simply marks of intonation

grave "

i. e. of the rise or fall of the voice " often, as in the Chinese language,
affectingthe signification.

Words not divided by a hyphen are uncompounded roots, or words

whose etymology is uncertain.

When word is compounded without change of the simple, it

a any
is merely divided by a hyphen into its component parts.
When there is such a change, an analysis is added of the whole

word; e.g. Iforiballe (fi-ori-ba-ille)

; or of the syllable which
needs elucidation, e. g. asennu-enni (se-ennu ).
 ABA

community assemble, but find no sacrifice

whole

againstmortification."
Abanije, Obanije, (Ba-enia-je), tor,
calumnia-
s. a despiser,

a slanderer. Obaniaje obaara re je, "He who "

despisesanother despiseshimself."
^ Abanije, s. one who partakes of the same dish. "
Aba-

nijema ba ni se ifa enia,enniti o jedidon ni ijekikan,

"
He who shares his friend's but
prosperity, does not

move a hand to help him in his work, is selfish ; for

he who eats the sweet should be ready to eat the
'

bitter."
/^Abanise ("
se),s. a helper,coadjutor,
a fellow-worker.
"
Abanise ma si banise m9, A helper who would "

help no more."

^Abanigbele ( gbe-ille),
" s. an inmate. Fire is prover-
bially
personified
as Abanigbele ma "
mo oju enni,"
"An inmate which cannot be tamed."
/^Aba-pade,
s. casual occurrence. " Ohun abapade ko J9
ohun ti ari telle," An accident is not like an expected
result."

Abara, see Aba.

Abata, s. a park ; an open place in the front of the

palace.
/- Abata, s. a marsh in a plain,a pool. " ^Abata takete bi

ennipe ko ba odo tan, A pond appears like a self- "

supportedbody of water, whereas it is dependent on

unseen springsor drainage:" appliedto persons who
seem to be what they are not.

^^Aba-ti, s. the missingof a thing,insecure holding,not

stickingfast to. "Abati alapa,aba a ti aba a re, "A "

wall appears ready to fall ; we cannot throw it down ;

we seek its shelter." A common proverbialsaying.
^^
Aba-w^on, s. a stain, a blot. " Aso funfun on abawon ki
ire, "
A white cloth and a stain never agree."
Abba, s. incubation. " Adire nsun abba, "The hen is

sitting."
2
 ABA

Abba, s. a stack,rick,pileof corn on platform,store.

a
/
Abba, 5. an iron hook by which feet are
prisoners' made
fast on a block of wood, the stocks; a hook on which
a padlock is hung. "
Abba ko se ikan mo ni li esse,
bikose enniti nse buburu,"The stocks are not pleasant,
but they are good for a rogue."
Abbe, s. the lower part,beneath. " Bi oran ba sii okunkun
abe e wo li abbe, "
If a matter be dark, dive to the

bottom."
Abbelle (Abbe-ille),
adj.private,secret. " Ohun ti ako
fe ki enia ki omo li ase li abbelle, What "
is not

wished to be known is done in secret."

Abbeya, Abbiya ( "

iya),s. the armpit.
Abe, s. razor, lancet. " Didi niimu abe imu, "
Wrapping
up a razor preserves its sharpness."
^ fan made of hide,used by African
Abebbe, s. a gentlemen
to stir the air and cool themselves ; an advocate,a
pleader. " Abebbe ni ibe iku, abebbe ni ibe oran, bi

oru ba mu abebbe ni ibe e, "A pleaderwith the gods

wards off death ; a pleaderwith the judge wards off
punishment ; a fan wards off the heat when it is

sultry."
:, A-be-i-yannu, s. importunity, incessant solicitation. " niti
En-

mbe abeiyannuyi9 ri ohun ti nfe gba lowo olu-

ware, He who begs with importunitywill get

" what
he wants."
Abekuluje-odan (Ba-ekulu),
s. a white bird, with long
neck and legs, which generallyaccompanies the
ekulu, a speciesof the deer.

Ab-ennu-gbagba, s. a kind of loose trousers.

^^Abere, s. needle, pin. Ipa abere "

li okun ito," It is the

path of the needle which the thread is accustomed to

follow."
Abese, s. a good-for-nothing
person. "
This word is fre-
quently

used to abuse inferiors ; as, I wo abese yi,

"
You fellow."
good-for-nothing
3 B 2
 ABE

/
Ahetelle ( "
te-ille),
5. a begging before hand, a bribe.
" Abetelle ni ifoiu onidaio nitori abetelle ki ile ise

idajo otito,"A bribe blinds the judge'seyes; for

bribes never speak the truth." f
Abetu, s. a brook, running water, a rivulet.

Abiamo, s. a woman having a young child,a parent. "

Abiamo abehin jija;a playful name used in ad-

dressing

a woman with an infant.

Abiga, s. a mixed breed of a largeand small horse.

Abi-ku, s. the of
spirit children who die in infancy. fants,
In-

or children who die under ten or twelve years

old, are called Abiku, and are never buried in the

town, being sometimes even thrown away in the bush,

as punishment.They are supposed to have had evil
a

spirits for their companions,who have enticed them

away. The evil spirits are supposedto punishthe chil-

dren
w^ith cruel whippings,if they do not give them
the thingswhich they requireof them. If a child

grows thin,his companion spirits are affirmed to be

taking away his food from him ; hence, to appease

these spirits, sacrifices are resorted to ; and to frighten
the spirits away, charms are hung about the child,
and iron rings are put on his feet,the jingling of
which is supposed to drive the spirit far away.
Abi-keiiin, adj.younger, last born,
varied
Abila, adj.striped, in colour, checkered. " Aso
abila gbogbo li o li oruko, "
Each coloured cloth has
its name."
Abilleko (Ille-oko),
s. a married woman who is living
with a husband.
"^
Abino-ku-enni, s. a malicious person, a persecutor,a
calumniator. " Enniti ko fe oran enni ni ise abino-
" " " * " "

kuenni, "
He who does not love his neighbouracts
'^
ly^ maliciously."
Abiron, s. an infirm person, a sick person.^" Bi o ti wCi
ki o ri aki irerin abiron, boya ohun ti o se e loni. ase
4
 ABO

iw9 lolla, A "

sick person should never be laughed at,
because what happens to him to-day may happen to
you to-morrow."
Abo, s. a coming back, cessation. Oku
returning,a "

abo, salutation on one's returning. Ayun abo mi, o "

di emeffa loni, My goings and returningsare six."

"

"
I have travelled the road six times to-day." Ko "

dekun ko dabo, "

It does not cease."
Abo, s. half,moiety. Emi " ko je fun 'o li abo isu bikose

ottotto," I will not give you half a yam, but a whole

one."

Abogan, Ab-owo-gan, s. the

musquito,also called yam-
yam, a name common to all little stinging
flies.
Aboggibope (Bo-iggi-ope), s. a heathen, an idolater,lit.a
worshipperof wood and palm.
Abo-pa, adj.fatted, fed for the slaughter.
Aborisa (Bo-orisa), s. a worshipper of false gods,idolater,
the same as Aboggibope, a name indiscriminately
given to all idolaters.
^Abose (Abo-ise), s. work done by a person in his own
farm after his master's work is done, job work. "

Abose ki ise ise oio, ise babba ni igba ojo enni,

"
Job-work is not the chief business (ofa servant);

the master's work has the claim

(first) on his
time."
Abosseje (Ba-osse-je),
s. the violator of sacred time, a

sabbath-breaker.

Abo, s. a tree which bears fruit like the sweet-sop, or

custard- apple, from the stick of which the natives

produce fire by friction.

Abo, s. a bag to keep clothes in. Bi asp pe li abo a hu, "

"
If clothes remain long in the bag they rot."
Abo, adj.female of beasts,also applied to infants ; as
Abo mbi ako 1 "Male or female?" Never appliedto
grown-up persons. Abo-agutan,anewe Abo-ewure,
"
"

a she-goat Abo-esin,
"
a mare " Abo-eledde, a cow "

5
 ABO

Abo-galla,adoe Abo-kenniu, a lioness " "

Abo-malu,
a cow "
Abo-ri,a female lizard,"c. "c.
Abo, s. refuge,shelter.
^
Abojuwo, Ibojuwo (Ba-oju),s. superintendence, a ing
look-
after. " Iwo ni nse abojuwo lehin babba, toju ille
"
rere, You superintendin the master's absence ; see

well to the house."

^Abo-oka, s. a bundle of guinea-corn. Nigbatiagbe ba "

ndi abo oka ino re adon, nipa abo oka ni yangidi

owo iti iwa, "
He who tiesbundles of corn joices,
re-
up
because from bundles of corn come bundles of

money."
^' Abu- J A, s. a short cut to a of another's
place,anticipation
words. " Enniti o ba mo idi oran telle on ni ibu
"
" " " " "

abuja eke, "

He who knows a matter beforehand founds
con-

the liar."

Abuja-onna, s. a lane,a cross street or road.

y Abu-ka, s. the act of encompassing. " Bi aba bu igbe li

abuka ari eranko ino re
"
If a bush is surrounded,
pa,
the animals easilykilled." in it are

^ Abuke, s. a hunchback. A ki isipeinaro fu abuke, "A "

hunchback is never asked to stand upright.

Abu-kon, s. an addition to, a blessing.
^^,Abu-kun, 5. a remainder,a deficiency, disgrace,
contempt.
" Chun ti ise ohun abukun ki ama se e si cm mo
" " "
" "

ennikejienni, "
A contemptuous act should never be
done towards a fellow-man."
Abula, s. adulteration.

/ Abu-le, s. a patch,a piece sewed on to cover a hole. "

Abule ni imu aso ilo to, enniti ko ba se itoiu abule yio

se "Patchingmakes clothes wear long,
ara re liofo aso,
and he who does not care to patchwill lose his clothes."

Abu-mo, s. a piece put to, additional, exaggeration.

Abu-ran-owu, s. cotton carded and prepared to be spun.
Aburo erect, upright. Filla pupa aburo,
(A-bi-iro),a6^'. "

A cap standingerect."
"

6
 ABU
"

Abu-ro,s. a younger relative. " Aburo ki ipaegbon ni\tan,

"
The young cannot teach traditions to the elders."
Abu-si, s. a bush
adjoiningthe town spared for its shelter.
Abuso (Ru-iso),s. falsehood of one's own invention.

Ada, s. billhook with wooden handle^ mostly used by

farmers.
^
Adaba, Ataba, s. a dove. " ^Adaba kekeluke ko si oja ti
ko na tan, "
There is no market in which the dove
with the prominent breast has not traded." A verbial
pro-
expressionby which a cowry is compared
to a dove for its circulation as current money.
*^DABA-susu, s. a speciesof white pigeon. " Ki adaba susu

ki owi ki eiye ki owi fu eiye, Let the

jedi'edie, fu "

matter be spread abroad," lit. Let the pigeon tell "

the woodpecker, (?)and bird tell bird."

Adabo-boni (Da-abo),s. a defender,a succourer.
Ada-bo-oja, s. a small market, the second day'smarket.
^ Ada-bowo (Bo-owo),5. the taking responsibility
upon
one's self. " Bia ti ran 'ni ni ise li aie bi iwo ba seni
" " o " " "

si ise adab9wo ara re,

** As a message is givento you,
so deliver it : if you vary it,the consequences will rest
with you."
Ada-do, Erekusu, s. an island.
Ada-gun, s. a lake, a pool or pond.
Ada-gunle-apo (Ada-gun-ille), Eb7ri, 5. a large quiver,
generallyplaced in the ground in battle,from which
the soldiers are suppliedwith arrows.
Ada-ji, Ada-jiwa, 5. the time of the second cock-crowing.
Adajo (Da-ejo), 5. a judge,an umpire, one who decides
matters.

Adakadeke, s. a mischievous person, a liar.

Ada-ma-le-se, s. one unable to perform what he under-

takes.

Ada-mo, s. a mistaken view, heresy.

Ada-moran, 5. a counseller, a suggester.
^
Adan, s. a bat. " Adan dorikodo o nwo ise eiye gbogbo, -
'
^3
7
 ADA

"The bat but

suspends itself, watches the other
birds."
Adaniduro (A-da-enia-duro),s. a detainer.

Adanilaga ( laga),s. he who wearies one,

"
an nate
importu-
person.
Adanilara ( lara),s. one
" who mortifies,or disappoints ;
one who designedlyor purposely does a thingto vex

another.
Adanilaraya (
"
ya),s. one who enlivens or cheers
up
another. Bi opo enia ba kuro
" li egbe ofo raya
adanila-
ni ifo ni jojo,
"Though many guests are absent,
he
only who enlivens the party is missed."
Adanilekkun ( "
li-ekkun),
s. one who forbids,a prohi-
bitor.

f Adaniloju ( "
li-oju),
s. one who disappoints.Adaniloju "

ko se ifiehin ti, He "

who another is un-
disappoints worthy

to be trusted."

(
Adaniloro ( "
oro),s. a tormentor. " Adaniloro fi agbara
ko ni, "
He who torments another (only)teaches him

strengthenhimself."
to
Adaniniji ( ni-ji),s. one " who frightens
or alarms ther;
ano-

one who raises a sudden expectation.

[^ Ada-pe, s. the contraction of words or names. "
Adape
ore ki ii'eki amo itumo oruko, "Contraction of words
conceals the sense."

I Ada-ri-ji-ni,s. forgives.Adarijini ni isette ejo,

one who "

"
He who forgives ends the dispute."
Adaripon, ( ori-pon)s. the male lizard, so called
"

because of its yellow head.

Ada-ru-da-po, adj.indiscriminate.
Ada-san, s. an old debt incurred by some distant relative.
" Aii bo wa iba li aba ila li atellewo,awa ko mo enni
ti o ko o, ajibo wa iba li owo adasan, awa ko mo enni
ti o je e, " We wake and find (we find as soon as we

have consciousness)
marks on the palm of, our hand:
we do not know who made the marks : we wake
8
 ADI

Adin-gbe, thingdried over

s. any a fire,such as meat or

corn prepared by warriors for their marauding expe-

ditions.

Adiro vessel
s. a pierced-bottomed
(Lokiti-aro), used for

straining.
Aditanmo (Da-itan-mo),
s. a distant relative. "
Aditanmp
esuo ti o li ekulu li o bi iya on, "The antelope
with
seeking relationship the deer, says his mother
was born of a deer."
Aditi (Di-eti),
s. a deaf person.

Adi-gba-ro, s. one who remains in a standingposture.

Adiri,s. grape shot.
Ado, s. a small-sized calabash,
used for keeping powdered
medicines, as a vial.

Ado, s. an adulterer,a whore.

Adoffa (Ewa-di-effa), adj.one hundred and ten.

Adogunsille, Adottesille (Da-ogun-si-ille),

s. one who
creates war, disturbance,or revolution.
Adoje (Ewa-di-oje), adj.one hundred and thirty.
Adorin ( orin),adj.seventy. Adorin eso,
"
The venty
se- "
"

principalor head guards of the country."

Adorun ( orun),adj.ninety.
"

Adotta (Ewa-di-otta), adj.fifty.

Adottesille (Da-ottesi-ille),s. a revolutionist,
an gressor,
ag-
a mischievous person.
Adottotta (Ewa-di-otta-9tta),
adj.by fifty, in
fifty pany.
com-

Adossan ( "
ossan),
adj.one hundred and seventy.
Adu, one who
black,jetblack. is very

Adu, adj.small,little,
few. Adu enia ki o wa nibe, Not "
"

a few people live there."

Adun, Adon, fiavour,fragrance, sweetness ; grace, beauty,

Adura, Adua, prayer, supplication.

Adugbo-lu, Idugbolu, s. a stumbling-block, an object
stumbled by fallingupon it on a sudden.
at

Afaimo (Fi-aimo),
adv. not unlikely, not impossible.
10
 AFA

Afara, bridge; two sticks rubbed together,

9. a from which
fire is produced by friction.
Afara, s. slowness, sluggishness.
Afara oyin, s. the honeycomb.

Afe, s. a kind of white-bellied rats.

Afe-imojo, s. an animal of the rat kind, the tail of which
is used by the king of Yoruba as a signof royalty:
he generallyholds the tail before his mouth when he
walks abroad. "
Obba si iruke, "
The king takes off
" " " "
o

the tail;" /.e. from his mouth. Enni ti

"
o pa afe-
imojo,ki omu re Qyo, eda li ara oko ije, "
Whoever
kills afe-imojo must take it to Oyo ; eda only is due
to the people of the provinceto eat."

A-fe, s. pleasure, pride.

A-fe-fe, s. wind, breeze, gale.
Afehinti, s. support, prop.
Afe-ju, s. one who distorts his face,especially
working. in
Afemojumo (fe-mo-ojumo), s. morning,twilight, dawn.

Afe-no, s. chaff, that which may be driven away by the

fan. Afeno" ni ti lyangbo, Chaff is to be fanned "

away."
Afere, s. a very lightwood, like the cork wood.
Afesonna (fe-si-onna),
s. a betrothed person.
Afe-tan, s. perfectlove.
Afi, Afibi, conj.unless, except. yio duro afibi o " Emi ki
ba yara, I will not wait unless he is quick."
"

Afibipore (fi-ibi-pe-ore),s. an ungratefulperson, one who

returns evil for good.
Afi-han, Ifihan, s. the act of shewing,an exhibition.
Afi-ji,Ifiji,s. remission, forgiveness.
Afin, s. the king'spalace. From this is derived Alawofin, "

contracted Alafin, He who enters the palace," "

Afin, s. an albino.
Afingba (fin-igba),
s. one who cuts figureson calabashes.
Afin-ju, s. a decent clean person, cleanliness,neatness.
Afinosajere, Afinosehin, AFIN9S0DE (fi-ino-se-ajere),
."'.

11 c 2
 AFI

an unfaithful,treaclierous person. " afe-

Afinosajere
hin se ikoko, "
An unfaithful man (receivesyour
words) in a perforatedvessel, but keeps behind his
back the vessel (which would retain them),or, turns

his back instead of his face."

Afirese (fi-ire-se),
s. an act of wantonness or irreverence.
Af-iyanju-se, s. the doing a thingby constraint or pulsion,
com-

reluctance.
Af-iye-si, s. an oversight,a thing to be noticed or perintended.
su-

Afo, s. space, room. " Bu mi li afo, "

Give me space."
^Afo, s. pig'smire. "
Apa afo bi eledde, this is said of a

dirtyperson, one who wallows in the mire. " Eledde

pa afo tan o nwa enni rere ti yio fi ara yi, "

A pig
which has wallowed in the mire seeks a clean person
to rub against."
Afo-ba-je, s. an overthrow, utter destruction.
Afoforo, s. the cork wood.
Afogbo (fo-ma-gbo), s. disobedience, petulance. AwTgbo "

afogbo ti ifi owo ajae mo omi, Disobedience will "

drink water with his hand tied up."

Afogun, Opalaba, s. a flat bottle having four corners.
Afoju (fo-oju),
s. a blind person. Ohun ti afojufi oju "

re ri ki oto fo, on li ori mo, ko ton omiran ri mo,

"
What the blind saw before he was blind is the last
sighthe will ever see."
Afojudi, obstinacy,
s. insolence adj.obstinate, petulant, "

impudent.
Afojusonna (fi-oju-si-onna), s. earnest expectation,a
lookingon the road for.
Afo-mo, s, the parasite. Afomo ko li egbo,iggigbogbo"

ni ibatan, The parasite has no root ; it claims rela- '-^

"

tionship with every tree."

Afonnahan (fi-onna-han), s. a guide, a leader, a di-rector.

Afonrugbin (fon-iru-gbin),
.9. a sower.

11*
 AFO

Aforanlo (fi-oran-lo),
s. an inquirer into a case, one

who seeks advice.

Aforan-mo, Iforan-mo, s. suspicion

; a suspecter.
Aforesibi, Foresiggi ("
ore-se-ibi),
s. an unthankful son,
per-
one who does not value kindness.

Afo-se, 5. soothsaying.
Afo-ta, depraved vision,a defect in
s. the eye.

Af-owo-b6, s. secret, a thingnot to be made known.

Afowo-ta, s. a careless search.

^ Afura, Onifura ("
fu-ara),s. a suspiciousperson. "

Onifura alejoti itete ise onille pelle,"A man of sus-

picious

character (found in a house) is first to salute

the master (insteadof waitingto be saluted)."
Aga, 5. chair, an elevated moveable seat. "
Aga-itisse,
footstool.

Agabagebe, s. an hypocrite,
a dissembler.
Agada, s. a short sword, scimetar. "
Agada ko mo ori

alagbedde, "
The sword shows no respect for the
maker of it."
" Agadagodo, 5. lock, padlock. Agadagodo ko " mo ino ara

won, ''One lock does not know the wards of another."

Agalamasa, s. deceit,device, trick ; a double dealer.

Agan, s. a barren woman, one who never bears.

Agangan, s. the stone on which beads are ground.

Aganju, s. the king'spalace.
Aganju, Aginju, s. wilderness, the depth of a forest or

grass-field,
ocean.

Aganran, s. a kind of green parrots.

Aganwo aw^o, s. a tall tree used for boards and planks.
The fruit of this tree yields butter like the shea

butter nuts, sold by the Mandingos in Sierra Leone.

Also, the horny substance on the head of the guinea

fowl.
Agara, Aga, s. weariness, fatigue.
Agba, 6'. adult ; manhood. "
'Agba-agba, Man by man." "

^ Agba, s. barrel,cask. "

Ji agba 9ttiji agba ettu, enniti
12
 AGB

aran vva ki ijiagba, "

The owner may broach his cask

of liquidor barrel of powder (ifhe please); but he

who is sent with it dares not broach the cask."

Agbagba, plantain.
s.

Agbagba-eiyelle,s. a spottedpigeon.
Agba-bo, s. foster-child.
Agbabon (agba-ibon), s. largegun, cannon.

Agbada, s. a loose garment. Agbada ya li oron o baje, "

"An agbada torn at the neck is spoilt."

^/ Agbado, s. maize, Indian corn. Igba dodo li agbado "

igbani, Indian corn is the true support of a people."

"

Agbadu, Sebe, Owon, s. names of a black snake with a

red stripeon the neck.

Agbagun (gba-ogun),s. that which causes a gatheringof
warriors.
Agbaiye (agba-aiye),s. the whole world.

Agbaja, (aba-oja),Igbaja, s. girdle,band, sash ; one who

girds himself. Agbaja gba talla,"One"

who girds
himself with a white girdle."

Agbakankan, s. a forest-bird ; so called from its cry.

Agba-k6,s. exact time ; coming in contact ; meeting.

Agba-ku, s. frame for carryinga load,usuallyof bamboo.
Agbalaja, s. a kind of small country shirt in common use.

Agbala, s. court-yard, yard,walled garden.

Agbalagba, s. an aged person,
r Agballe, s. a kind of insect. Aid igba agballelowo "

arabi, ko si enniti igba ille babba enni lowo enni,

"
No one can separate the agballefrom the arabi ;

(two insects always found ; and

together) no one can

deprivea man of his inheritance."

Agballu, s. the whole city.

Agbami (agba-omi), s. the midst of the ocean.

Agba-ni, s. helper,one who renders assistance.

Agbanrere, s. the rhinoceros ; an animal with one horn,

supposed by the natives to be the unicorn. Agban-
rere "

olowo kan, "

The one-horned agbanrere."
12*
 AGB

Agba-ojo, days. s. ancient of

y Agbara (gba-ara), might,ability

s. strength, ; a kind of
bush-rope used for tying rafters together. " Ao-bara
ma mo ero babba olle, "A strong man, who is a

spendthrift,
(may be called)the father of idleness."
Agba-ra, s. wooden fortification. "
Ogun ja agbara otte
sono
"
The enemy pullsdown the fortification."
Agbari (igba-ori),
5. skull,crown of the head. "
Agbari ko
ni modunmodun, "A (mere) skull has no brains in it"
Agbarigba, s. an animal with long horns, and two white
streaks on each side.
Agba-si, s. accumulation,addition.
Agba-sin, Agba-to-ju,Agba-wo, s. sheep,goat,
a female
"c., entrusted to the care of a shepherd,who receives
in payment part of the offspring; oversightof any
thingbelongingto another.
Agbassa, s. solid mass of rock. "
Agbassa babba okuta,
"
A rock is the father of stones."

\.-Agba-tan, s. entire help,complete assistance. "

Agbatan
liagba olle, You "
must help an idle man thoroughly
(ifyou help him at all)."
Agbayon, Agbayonkon, s. the miraculous berry; (a plant
so called
by Europeans).
Agbe, s. a gourd, a calabash not cut into halves, but
simply pierced at the top, used for carryingwater,
palm-oil,or palm-wine. Agbe ni ije egbin omi, "

agbalagbani ijiyaoran, "As a calabash receives the

sediment of water, so an elder must exercise forbear-
ance."
"
Bi apon omi bi o dano, bi agbe ko ba fo aton

omiran pon,
"
When one is carryingwater, and pens
hap-
to spillit,if the calabash be not broken, you
.
can get more."
Agbe, s. slipof
forgetfulness, memory.
Agbe, s. one who takes ; one who resides in a place.
Agbe, s. a kind of woodcock ; alms. " Iwo nse agbe,
"
You ask alms." "
Agbe ni ida aro, aluko ni ikosun,
13
 AGB

lekeleke li alalia funfun, " The agbe has blue feathers

is
{lit. the dyer in blue) ; the aluko has red is the
(Jit.
painterof red dye); but the lekeleke white (lit.is the
owner of the white cloth)."
Agbe-bo, s. a hen. "
I wo ba agbebo adire li oia iwo nta-

si i ira,iba se rere oluwa re ko je ta a,

" You
gere
met a hen in the market, and hastened to purchase
her : had she been worth keeping the owner would
not have sold her."
Agbede (gbe-ede),
s. a wise or clever person.
Agbede-meji, Agbedemeji esse
s. the middle. " li ori
ekun, The knee is the middle of the leg."
"

Agbegbe, s. neighbourhood; region.

Agbeji (gba-eji),
s. a hat.

Agbe-jollo, s. a long-neckedcalabash.
Agbelebu, s. a cross.

Agbe-ni, s. one who helps,or speaks on behalf of,another.

Agbe, s. one who sharpens.
Agbe, s. a kind of native sword.

Agbe, farmer, agriculturist.

s. a

Agbedde, s. smith's shop. Ogun ko "

r9 ike,agbedde ko
ro batta ; oko ko soro.iro agbedde pa okko ta,"Ogun
(the god of smiths)does not manufacture ivory; the
blacksmith does not make shoes ; and if there were

not hard w^ork in the

agriculture, blacksmith would
not make hoes to sell."

^''Agbe-je, s. an earlypumpkin, much eaten before other

vegetables are in season. When over-ripe it becomes
bitter. Agbeje gba won
" la ani ki apa a ni pansa,
"
(After)the agbejehas saved men from starvation, it
is judged fit to be cut into a common calabash." (A
proverbagainstingratitude.)Agbeje ko koro ni ille "

nla, The agbejeis never

"
bitter in a largefamily."
Agbe-kuta (gbe-okuta), s. a stone-cutter.

Agbe-ma-ye, s. a hen which does not lay.

Agbin-yi-kagba, Akogba, s. hedge.
13*
 AGl

L
Agidi, s. an implacableperson. Agidi ti on ti iyonnu, "

akurete ti on ti lya, "An implacableperson is always

a source of trouble, a pliableperson is sure to
suffer."

Agiliti,s. an animal of the guana tribe. " Bi o kun oni

kun olla ki
ogbe ki o pa agiliti ojoaro, If the agiliti "

will die to-dayor to-morrow (forwant of water),rain

will surelycome." A proverbial expression, because
the agiliti is said to be able to live without water for

a considerable time. Agilitiabi ara yiyi, The "

"

agiliti with a rough skin." Applied to people with

cutaneous disorders.

Agisa, Akisa, s. rags. " Akisa aso li afi isu osuka. Illu
kan mbe nwon ama pe illu na ni illu alagisa, Rags ^'

make up a pad :" there is a town called "

The

Ragged Town."

Ago, s. a cup, mug, jug.

Ago, Agoro, 5. a kind of stripedrat,remarkable for craf-
tiness
and and
swiftness, the care it takes of its young

ones. Agoro ti o gbon sasa

" ebiti pa a ambotori

malaju, The Ago (a very clever animal) is caught

^'

in a trap : how much more the Malaju (a very stupid

animal)."
Ago, first salutation in approaching a house, indicating
that the inmates should keep themselves tidy,so that

they may not be taken by surprise.

Agogo, s. the name of a tree loftier than the rest;
tallness. Eiyelleko li agogo kiki "There
"

arupe,
is no tallness among pigeons; they are all
dwarfs."

Agogo, s. a bell,an hour.

Agogo kan, one bell,one hour. "
Agogo kan lu, "
It
"
struck one o'clock
Agogori s. pointof a
(gon-go-ori), thing,extreme point
of a sharp thing.

Agoro, s. the hare. Aja ti ire re ba danilojuli ade si

"

14*
 AGO

agoro,
"
The dog which is known to be very swift is
set to catch the hare."
Agoro, s. a title of honour,grade below that of Asipa.
a

^
Ago, Aggo, s. a tent, a temporary building,a shed. Bi "

ako ba le itete kgWe ago li apa na, If one is not "

able at once to build a house, a shed is first erected."

Ago, s. shroud, a winding-sheet
a ; a fish,"
Ago olu eja.
Ago, the prince of fishes.
Ago, Agoni, person who neglectsdue discipline
s. a over

his dependants,and allows them to fall into slothful

habits. Ago won

" de ara ehin, An Ago (suffers "

his dependantsto be slothful) tillsome one shall come

(who shall awaken them)."

Agon, s. a settled grudge, bad feelings to another.

Aguala, Ajaosu, s. the planetVenus ; a dogstar. Aguala "

mba osu irin nwon sebi aja re ni ise. ^Agualaki ise

aja osupa, Venus travels with the moon;

"
they sup-
pose
it to be her dog. Venus is not the moon's dog."
'Ajude, s. an iron armlet worn by hunters.
Agufon, s. a kind of long-neckedcrested bird : it is a
common superstition that its bones cannot and must
not be broken.

Agun-monna, runningplant. s. a

Agutan, s. a sheep. Agutan enia, a stupid person. "

Aha, s. a small calabash, used for givingchildren water.

Aha-mo, s. the state of being enclosed, strait,difficulty.
Ahamora ( ara),s. he who puts armour
" on ; one who

entangleshimself with many things.

Ahanna, s. a wild, obstinate person.
Ahariya, s. bird-shot.

Ahere, s. a farm-house. " Ahere ni yio kehin oko, atta ni

yio kehin ille, The farm-house remains "

to the last

(upon the ground),and the ridge of the roof pletes

com-

the building:" a proverbialsaying,intima-

ting

that a person will be compelled to seek a shelter

at last.

15
 AHO

Alio, interj.
a contemptuous expression,signifying,I "

do not care."
Ahon, Awon, s. the tongue." Ahon ni ipinleennu, "
The

tongue is the end of the mouth."

AiioRo, s. ruins, deserted houses, desolation.
Ahoto, s, a small tighttrousers, or drawers.
Ahusa, s. a fruit resemblingwalnut.
Ahu-so-oro, s. falsehood,invented story.
Ai, anegativeparticle, chiefly used in combination with
other words. It is compounded of a privative and i
the nominal formative prefix.
AiBERu (Ai-ba-eru), adj.without fear,fearless.
Ai-DA, adj.not ceasing, not stopping. Aida ojo ni, It "
"

is rain without stopping."

AiDA-ARA, s. infirmity, unsound state of health.
AiDERA (de-ara), adj.not negligent, not growing slack.

AiDiBAJE ( da-ibaje),
"
s. incorruption.

Ai-FE, s. unwillingness, reluctance.

AiFENi (Fe-enni),5. uncharitableness.

Ai-Fo, adj.unbroken, sound, whole.

Ai-FO,adj.unwashed.
AiFOYA (Fo-aiya), s. boldness, fearlessness.

Ai-GBA, s. non-receiving.
AiGREDE (Gbo-ede), s. want of understandingor ledge
know-
of a language.

Ai-GBo, AiGBORAN, s. unbclicf, disobedience. Aigboran "

babba afojudi, "Disobedience is the father of inso-

lence."

Ai-GBo, s. a motionless state, unwillingness

to move.

Ai-JE,AiJEUN, without food. "

Aije aimu, not eating,not
drinking.
Ai-JE, adj.not answering,not effectual.
AiJEBBi (Je-ebbi), adj.uncondemned, guiltless.
AiJiYAN (Ja-iyan),adj.without denying,undeniable.
AiKOLA (Ko-ila),adj.not tattooed,not circumcised.
Ai-KON, adj.without grumbling,not murmuring.
16
 AIK

AiKossE (ko-esse),
adj.not trippingor stumbling,with-
out
oflence.
Ai-Ku, adj.not liable to die,alive.
Ai-KUN, adj.not remaining,finished.
AiLABAWON (ni-abaw9n),
adj.undefiled,having no stain,
no spot or blemish.
Ai-LEGAN (
egan),adj.having no blame, blameless.
"

Ai-LERA ( le-ara), s. infirmity,

"

bodilyweakness.
AiLERi ( eri), 5. purity,
"
cleanness,freedom from filth.
Ai-LERi, adj.having no witness,without a witness.
AiLESE (ni-ese),adj.without sin,righteous, innocency.
AiLEwu ( ewu), adj.having no danger,safe.
"

AiLOMMo (ni-ommo), adj.childless.

Ai-LU, s. a plant; adj.not having a hole, not bored.
Ai-MA, adv. two negativesmaking an afTirmative. Emi "

ko le ise aima lo, "

I must go."
Ai-Mo, s. want of knowledge,ignorance,a. unknown.
Ai-Mo, Ai-Mu, adj.without drink.
Ai-Mo, adj.unclean, filthy.
AiMOYE (mo-oye), s. wanting knowledge, ignorance;
adj.not wise.
Ai-Mu, adj.not sharp, dull,not catching.
Ai-Ni, adj.not having ; s. need, necessity,
destitution.
AiNiPEKUN ( ipekun),adj.having no end, everlasting.
"

AiNiYE ( iye),adj.innumerable, countless,myriads.

"

AiNiYENiNO ( nino),s. want of understanding,

" dulness
of apprehension.
AiNiYiN ( iyift),
adj.dishonourable,disreputable,
" ing
want-

honour or reputation.
Ai-PADA, adj.not returning.
Ai-PE,adv. not long,of no long duration.
Ai-PERi, s. the mushroom, a disease common to children,
corruptionin wounds.

Ai-REKOJA,s. soberness,self-controul.
Ai-RiNAN, AiRiRAN, s. dimncss of
sight,blindness.

Ai-Ri-wi,adj.inexcusable ; lit.having nothingto say.

17 u
 AIR

Ai-Ro, adj.without consideration,

thoughtless.
AiROJu, AiRowo (
" 5. business,
ri-oju), employment, oc-
cupation.

Ai-SA, adj.not picked up, scattered.

Ai-sAN, s. sickness,disease.
AiSANu ( 5. unmercifulness,
se-anu),
" want of compassion.

Ai-SE, adj.not coming to pass, unfulfilled.

Ai-sE,AsE,s. a largedoor, a gate.
Ai-SE, s. inaction.
Ai-SE, adj. not sinning,not offending
; having no ginning.
be-

AisEGBE ( se-egbe), s.
"
equity,impartiality, equality,
justice.
AisEMELLE ( imelle),Aisimelle,s. diligence,
"
activity.
Ai-SETTAN, adj.or s. void of deceit,simplicity, openness,
sincerity.
Ai-si, adj.not being,not present.
Ai-si-Mi,s. indefatigableness, perseverance.
Ai-siN,s. independence.
AisiYEMEJi (se-iye-meji),s. or not double-
adj.certainty;
minded, without doubt.
AisoDODo se-ododo),
( "
unrighteousness.
s. injustice,

AisojusAju (oju-isaju), adj.or s. showing no respect ;

impartiality.
ArsoTO ( otito),
"
adj.not dealingtruly,untrue, unjust.
AiTARA, followed by yo, s. or adj.equality,
/ equal. Esin "

meji sure li aitara won yo, Two horses ran equally,or "

inequality;"i.e. without either surpassingthe other.

Ai-To, s. or adj.absurdity, crookedness, not durable.
AiwuKARA, s. or adj.unleavened cake, not fermented.
AiYA, s. breast,bosom, heart, stomach ; courage, ence.
influ-
" Bi ako li aki ijeay
aiya rindorind9, an, "If the
stomach is not strong, do not eat cockroaches."

Aiya-f6, v. to fear,to be discouraged.

AiVA-jA, panic-struck. Ijaiya, 5. fearfulness,
V. to be

discouragement.
18
 AIY

AiVA-LA, V. to be fearful,
to be
panic-struck.
AiYA-PA, V. to be terrified,to be frightened.
Ai-YAPA, adj.not deviatingfrom the rightpath.
Ai-YATTO, adj.or s. integrity; not separated; undivided
state.

Ai-YE, adj.lifeless.
AiYE, s. the world, earth ; condition, state,time of life,
time reign. Aiye li Okun, enia li Ossa, aki imo iwe
; "

ki ako aiyeja, The world is (may be compared to)

"

an ocean ; mankind is the lagoon Ossa. However

well person swims, he cannot
a cross the world ;"
(i.e.
It is presumptuous for man to attempt to pass
com-

the whole world.)

Ai-YE,adj.not understood, unintelligible
; not ceasing,
not stopping.
Ai-YE,Ai-GBo, s. not givingway, unyielding.
AiYERAiYE,AiYE-TiTi-LAi,
udv. for cvcr, world without

end, eternally.
AiYEssE adj.or s. immovable
(yi-esse), ; stedfastness.

Aja, s. a dog. Aja egberun ko gbo oruko, "A dog valued

"

at half-a-crown(i.e. an old dog;half-a-crown being the

priceof a full-growndog) cannot be taught." OkTpa "

aja li afi ib9 Ogun, "An old dog must be sacrificed

to Ogun ;" (i.e. Ogun claims the best). Aja ti ko "

let! ko se idegbe,^^A stupiddog will not do for the

chase." Bi aja ba li enni lehin apa obbo,
"
If a dog "

has a master after him, he will not be afraid to kill

the largemonkey."
Aja, s. attic,uppermost floor.
Aja, s. a fairy,said to be of a diminutive human form,
who carries persons into the wilderness and instructs
them in magic and all kinds of medicines.
Aja, Ajara, Ogbolo, s. a running plant, resemblinga
wild vine, used by the natives to varnish their
houses when newly plasteredwith mud.

Aja-bo, Ijabo, narrow escape with much struggleand

19
 AJA

difTiculty.
Ajabo ni " ti iwe, bi iwe ja ab9 I9W0 oloko,
''
The frog (iw^)is sure to escape from the hands
of the farmer."

V Ajadi, adj.having the bottom broken off. "

Ajadi agbon
odi olara, ^'A basket with its bottom broken through
is useless."

Ajae, s a cord with which the hand is bound to the neck.

Ajaga, s. a shackle for the neck.

I AjAGAJicr, adj.firm as a rock or the stem of a tree. "

enniti
Ajagajigi o mi kukute mi 'ra re,
"
He who
tries to shake the stem of a tree,onlyshakes himself"
Ajagbon, s. the tamarind tree and fruit.

Ajagun, 5. a soldier,
a warrior.

Ajaille, s. a pitinto which thorns are put and carefully

covered over, so that when a thief falls into it,his foot
is severelywounded; a ceiling
over the dead; vaulted
roof of a
grave. Pansa ille o li ariwo nin9ajaille
" ba

agba li eru, '* When a grave is made there is a great

deal of noise (from the loud talkingof the labourers
who dislike the task),and the sightof a vault makes
old men tremble."

Ajaje, s. lewd fellow,a mean person.

Ajaka, Ajakalle, s. an epidemic, an infectious disorder.
V Ajako, s. an animal very much resembling a dog. Ogbo- "

gbo awon ni bi
ajako, He who kills an ajakois sure "

to suffer for it" (a superstition).

Ajala, Ijala, s. escape throughmuch lighting.

Ajan, s. meat cut in small piecesfor sale. Bi alapataba "

pa eran awon alagbataabu u li ajan, When the "

butcher kills the animal, the retailers cut it into

pieces."
'Ajanapa, s. a bird snare made of cloth. "
Aparo jare
ajanapa ki li o, mu aso wa ise li oko. Ajare aparo li
oko li agbe imu aso ilo,^' The partridgesays, '
What
business has the farmer to bring his cloth here?'
The farmer says,
'
How could I come to my farm
20
 AJE

Ajeti, s. remnant left after eatingto the full.

Ajeyo, adj.having eaten to the full,satisfied.

Ajibowaba, adj.existing a priori.

Ajigbese, s. a debtor.
observed as sacred by the Mahommedans.
Ajimo, 5. Friday,
Ajin, 5. profound silence,darkness, depth of night. "

"There
Ajinjin, profounddarkness: it is midnight."
is

Ajina, s. the act of spending,dailyexpenditure, marketing.

Ajinde, Agbende, s. the Resurrection, ^Ki Ajinde olla "

kioje, "May a future resurrection answer (my hopes)!"

an expressionprobablylearntfrom the Mahommedans.
Ajisinsin,s. concealment,a concealed matter.

'Ajo, s. journey.
Ajo, s. anxiety,solicitude,carefulness.
Ajo, s. assembly,a meeting,a gatheringtogether.
Ajoku, adj.unquenchable.
Ajo-mo-po, Ajo-je-po, s. a feasting or drinkingtogether,
a banquet.

Ajo-ran, the act of catchingfire. Bi ille ko kan ille ki "

ijoajoran,"Houses not contiguousdo not easily catch

fire."

Ajo-rin, i'. companionshipon a journey.

Ajo r6, s. a mutual combination,bargain,agreement.
Ajo-so, a mutual a talking
talk,consultation, together.
Ajo-yo, participation
s. in joy.

Ajuba, s. newly cultivated grassfield.

Ajumo, s. combination, co-operation.
Aka, s. the name of a tree, the armadillo. " Aka ko
A
gbe odan, igbo ni igbe, The "
armadillo dwelt in a

and not in a plain." Two

forest, "
bi
li ojuti aka, "You
are bashful like the armadillo."
Aka, s. a storehouse, built in the shape of a V, supported
by four sticks,with three or four apartments for
stores.
Akabbe aso, s. the pole on which the cloth is wound
while weaving.
22
 AKA

Akaka, s. the posture of squatting,

or sittingcross-
legged. " I wo dakaka yekete bi agbalagba, You "

squat like an old person." 'Aki igbaakaka

"
lowo akiti,

aki igbaille babba enni lowo enni, "

No one can cure

a monkey of squatting ; and no one can deprive a

man of his inheritance."

Akala, s. a carnivorous bird. " Bi oku ba ku laiyeakala 7s

amo li orun, (akalaagbe orun mo), The akala smells "

the carcase, however high in the air he may be."

Akalambi, s. a bag, a sack. Akalambi "
li afi ipiye li

ogun, "A sack is used to plunder with at a war camp."

Akamo, s. the act of encompassing,enclosing,
or rounding.
sur-

Akan, s. the crab ; a name given to the epauletworn by

soldiers or naval officers.
Akanse, made
adj.special, to order, uncommon.

Akara, s. bread, cake, of which latter there are various

kinds. "
fancy cake made
Akara-awon, in imitation
of a net. Akara-bowo-bowo, "
fancy cake made in
imitation of a ring. Akara-fule, a soft cake made "

of white beans and the vegetableoccro. Akara-ku, "

a hard cake made of beans, and used by warriors

for provisionin their war expeditions.Bi o ba /K' "

gbo ogun mi, ki iduro din akaraku, Whenever he "

hears of my w^ar, he never waits to make provision."

This is said of a busy-body who rejoices at another's

trouble. "
Akara-lapata, cake made of Indian

corn.

Aka-so, 5. a ladder, steps.

Akaso-ewu, a kind of short garment, from the neck to

the waist,which may either be drawn tight,

or w orn

loose ; generallyworn singly.

Aka-su, s. a large lump of agidifor familyuse. "
Akasu

loaves." ^
babba ekko, "
Akasu is the father of all other

Ajakasu ko bi lyan mu, "

He who eats akasu does
mo ^
not know that a famine prevails."
23
 AKA

^Akata,s. a broad-brimmed straw hat used by the natives

to ward off rain or the rays of the sun, instead of an

umbrella.

Akatapo, Akatanpo, 5. a cross-bow. "

Akatanpo ko to
^ ta li o mu
ijaija, iggiwa iko loju,"A cross-bow is
not enough to go to war with (sincethe introduction
of fire-arms) : whom do you dare to face with a

I-
stick ?" Alakatanpo fi oju woke, A cross-bowman
"
"

is obligedto look upwards."

Aka-we, Akawe-oran, s. similitude,comparison of words

or matter, signification.
Akayin (ka-eyin), s. one who loses his teeth.
Ake, s. a crier.

Ake, s. an axe. See Akeke.

( Akede (ke-ode),s. apubliccrier. " Akede ko jiyangbi-

gbona, "
The publiccrier does not eat warm food,"
because he is liable to be called away from his meat

at any moment.

Akegun-oko, s. an old hoe.

Ake-ja-onna, s. a cross street,lane.

Akeke, Ake, s. the axe. " Ake kan wo igbo agbo okiki,
Akeke ti nke iggiko se gbenagbena mbu ettu si atari,
"
An axe enters a forest ; we hear a sound. The axe

that cuts the tree is not afraid,but the carpenter

performs charms for his defence." (There are some
trees which it is considered dangerousto fell without
the of
protection a charm.)
Akerekere, Akeke, s. the scorpion. " Akeke Ojogan fi
idijaara, ille fi oju di ni, akeke ko se idi ni ibo, A "

scorpionstingswith his tail ; a domestic is apt to

be insolent: one cannot hide a scorpionin the hand."

Akeri, Yonyon, s. a plant used for washing, also for

sauce ; a hater.
Ake-si, Ikesi,s. the act of calling
upon, orvisiting.Oku "

akesi mi anna, "I thank you for callingupon me

yesterday."
24
 AKE

^
Akete^ 5. bed, bedstead, "
Akete kekere ko
gba enia meji,
"
A small bed will not hold two persons."
Akette, s. hat.
Akettox, Akettun, 5. a new hoe, a bough,branch of a tree.

y Akije, (ki-ma-je),
s. dumbness, answeringsalutation. not
" Ille kan wa li Oyo nigba atiJ9ti anpe li akije,
"
There is a house in Oyo which was called of old
time the place of silence." There is a tradition that
a white man died and was buried there.
Aki-lo, s. partingsalutation,farewell.
Aki-molle, Ikimolle,s. the act of pressingdown.
Akiri, s. a wanderer, rover.
; Akisalle, s. a running plant,with a pod very much like
a pea. Aki itiehin akisalle iwure, " One cannot
"
bless
the gods without using the word akisalle."
"/ Akisa, Agisa, Akisa ba enni
s. rags. " rere je, Rags
"

disgracea person." handsome

Akiti,s. monkey.
Akiyesi (ko-iye-si),
s. the act of takingnotice or observing.
Akke, s. bush-rope used for tying rafters together; a
largeshe-goat. O bun mi li akke ewure kan, He
"
"

presented me with a largeshe-goat."

\y Akko, s. a swan, sheath, scabbard. ^Akko ploron ejo, "

"
The bird akko, with a snake-like neck." "
O sure

iku o bo si akko ida ; or, ]\Io sa osa iku, mo si bo

si akko ida, "
He runs away from the sword, and
hides himself in the scabbard, (intowhich the sword
wdll return)."
Ako-ja, completion,bringingto a point,termination.
s.

Ako-jo, s. accumulation,pilingup.
Ako-ki, 5. the act of salutingon meeting on the way.
Akoko, s. time, season, exact time. Akoko ti mo setan "

ge ni iwo de, You justas I was ready."

"
came

Akoko, s. the name of a juiceof whose flower is

tree, the
sucked ; tooth. The leaf of this tree is givento those
who receive a new title,
as a sign of great honour.

25 E
 AKO

Ako-kun, s. a remnant after a large quantityhas been

taken.

Ako-po, Ikopo, s. a draught; gatheringtogether.

Ako-so, s. control,government,
restraint, rule.

Ako-tan, s. completion; entire removal.

Ako, s. the male of beasts or birds. " Ako-eledde, s. a

boar "
Ako-malu, s. a bull, bullock "
Ako-pepeiye, s.

y^ a drake.
^Akobi, (ko-bi),
s. the first-born. " Akobi ni ti eleran,
"
The first-born is due to the (and not to the
owner,
shepherd who takes care of it)."
Ako-ju, s. superiorlearning,
learningto excess.

foremost.
Ako-kan, adj.the first,
Ako-le, s. a superscription, direction, address of a

letter.

Ako-mu, s. that which is first taken.

Akon, Akun, s. a kind of beads made of shell.

Akoni (ako-enia),
s. a teacher.
*^
Akoni, brave,bold, stKong person.
s. a I wo iba ri,iwo "

ko gboddo wi ; ni ipa akoni, You see, but not

"
may
dare to speak (ofthe danger): it is that which is the
death of the strong man ;'i.e. (The strong man often

perishesfor want of warning.)

Akonrin (kon-orin),s. a singer. Akonrin " ko li elegbe,
"
The singerhas no one to take part in the chorus
with him."

Akonron, s. closet,privateroom.
Akon-sino s. a murmuring, muttering.
(si-ino),
Akonw^osille, Ikonwosille (kpn-wo-si-ille),
s. ing,
overflow-
brimful. (Applied to dry measure.)
Ako-ojo, 5. every believed to be
fifth day,superstitiously

a bad day, in which nothing is undertaken in which

success is particularly wished.

Akorira (ko-irira) 5. one who hates,a hater.

Ako-ro,s. the firstrain intheyear,commencement of rains.

Ako-se, s. the first,first made, beginning.
26
 AKO

^*5^ossEBA (ko-esse-ba),
s. that wliich is met by chance. "

Akosseba eyi ti ijeodun, "

He who waits for chance
will have to wait a year."
Ako-tan, adj.perfectly built,perfectly instructed.
Akow^e (ko-iwe),s. a scribe,writer, clerk,secretary.
^ AkudTn, s. the heart of a tree. "
-Akudin asapa ko konno

ake, "
The heart of (the tree)asapa fears no axe."
M.KUKO,s. a cock. " Akuko gagara ni idajo funi li arin

oganjo,"A large cock crowing in the middle of

"
the nightsettles the dispute (as to the time of the

night).
Akumalapa, the young leaf of the shea tree.
s.

Akun, ^Okun,5. a dull stupidperson ; a worm with many

feet.
Akunyungba (kon-iyin-gba),5. a bard,drummer, flatterer.

Akurette, Akunrette, s. a sluggishstupidperson.

Akuro, s. a garden by the waterside.
Al, a substitute for oni, one who has ;" used as a prefix. "

Ala, 5. boundary of a farm, limit of a territory.

Ala, s. dream, vision.
Alabaje (oni-ibaje),
s. a messmate, one who partakes
of the same dish.
Alabalase ( ba-ni-ase),
" s. an oracle ; the name of the

goddessObbatalla,who foretels what is coming to pass.

Ala-ba-pa, s. partner of a fisherman, partner in killing.
Alaba-pade, s. chance, luck.
Alaba-pin, s. a sharer
participator,
partaker, in any thing.
Alaba-rin, s. a fellow-traveller.

Ala-bino-ku-enni, s. an enemy, a persecutor,an accuser.

Alabo (oni-abo),
s. a defender, a succourer.

ownerof the bundle of cowries.

ALABO-owo(oni-abo),5.the
Alabukon, Olubukon (oni-ibukon),s. one who adds to,
one who blesses.

Alabukon-fit, s. one who blesses.

Alabu-kun, s. one who despises,

one who contemns.

Alabukun-aron, s. a maimed person.

27
 ALA

Alabu-si, s. a bestower upon.

Alada-mo (oni-ada-m9),
s. one who is led astray with a

mistaken notion,a heretic.

Alada-si, s. a meddler.

Alada-so, 5. one who

spoke on his own responsibility.
Alade (oni-ade),
5. a king ; the royal family,consisting
of several persons who rule over different districts of

Yoruba, viz. Obba

Yoruba, Onikoyi,Olugbon,Aressa,
Asehin, Alado, Alake, Olowu, Alagura,Alaketu, Olu.
Al-adugbo, 5. neighbour,one livingnear.
a "
Aladugbo
ki ida olla, A near neighbour need
"
not take (a
leave
final) till to-morrow."

Ala-feiiinti,s. a supporter, sustainer,one on whom

dependence is put.
^ Alafia, s.
peace, health. " Alafia babba ore,
"
Peace is
the father of friendship."
Alafi-han, s. one who shows, a revealer, a betrayer,a
traitor.

Alafin, s. Alaw9fin.
see

Alafiyesi (fi-iye-si),
s. an inspector,
superintendant,
seer,
over-

observer.

Alafo, s. an place between

open a group of things;
vacant space ; a valley, ravine, crevice.
Alafo JUTO, (fi-oju-to), s. an overseer, one who looks
over-

or has an oversight of a thing.

Alagba (enia-agba) s. an elder, a person of respect, a
the people.
person of honour, rulers among
Al-agbada, s. the tailor who makes the loose garment
called agbada ; one who has an agbada.
Al-agbafo, s. one who washes linen,one who makes

. washing a trade.

Al-agbara, s. a strong able-bodied person, a mighty

man. " Bi alagbaraje'o ni lya, ki o fi erin si,"If a

powerful man ill treat

you, smile at him."
Ala-gbaro, s. a farm-labourer,one who hires himself out

to till the land.

28
 ALA

Alai-mo, s. that which is not thing,a pol-

clean,a filthy luted
thing.
Alai-more, s. an unthankful person, not valuingkindness.
ALAI-M9WE, adj.unlearned, illiterate.
Alai-moye, s. one who has no power of perception,a
thoughtless, dull, sluggishperson.
Alai-ni, s. a needy, indigentperson.
Alainigbagbo ( ni-igbagbo), s. a faithless
"

person.
Alai-ri-wi, s. an inexcusable person.
Alai-si,s. one who ceases to be, one who is absent,an
absentee.
Alaisododo (se-ododo), s. one who does not act justly
or

with equity, an unrighteousperson.

Alai-soto, adj.unjust,not true, not acting uprightly.

Alai-ye, s. an unfit or unw^orthyperson.

Alai-yo, s. one who hungers,one who is not satisfied
with food.
^
Alajapa (oni-ajapa),s. a petty trader who generally
purchases from one town and sells at another with
a little profit. Alajapako li eran li aiya, A petty "
"

trader has no flesh upon her chest" {i.e.wears self

her-
to a skeleton).

Alaje, 5. a nick-name given to one's self.

Alajo-pa, s. a partner, a fellow-hunter,
or fisher.
Alakatanpo, s. a cross-bow man. "

Alakatanpo oju ko le
ita eran pa,
"
He who has only his eye (brow) for a
cross-bow never can kill an animal."
Alakara, s. a cakemaker, a baker.
Alakelle, s. a small bird of the palm-bird tribe which
lives on figs.
Alakele, s. the head weaver." Papa li assa bi
awonsp
alakele, "
A noisy weaver, who imitates (hishead-
man)
alakele."
Alakesi, s. a visitor.

Ala-kon, s. half; part of a thingadded.

Alako-se, s. a beginner.
30
 ALA

AlakotT, s. a disobedient person.

Alami, s. a spy ; anxious or secret observation of a thing.
Alamo, Alamgba, Alamo-rt, Adaripon, 5. the male lizard.
"
'^Oko nla alamgba pensan o ni behe li enni ti o
se

ju 'ni lo ise ni, A largestone (beingthrown) crushed

"

the male lizard. It replied,So one who is stronger '

"
than another is accustomed to act towards him.'

Al-amo-rere, s. the owner of the best clay"

a title of
the goddess Obbatalla.
Alamo-ri, Alamo, s. a concern, a secret. " Alamori ni ti
ri ? "
How does that concern stand ?"
Alaniyan ( "
ani-iyan),
s. a solicitous,anxious person,
one whose mind is disturbed about the issue of things.
^ Alantakun bi
Alansasa, Alanta-kun, s. the spider. "
yio
ba 'o ja ata ka 'o lara," When the spiderintends to

assault you, it surrounds you with web."

(its)
Alanu (enni-anu), s. he who has mercy, a merciful person.
y Alapa, s. broken pieces of old mud walls, ruins. Ase
"

alapa gbo, ase ohun gbogbo fu iggi9 ye

li oso ko

iggi. (However) a ruined mud wall may be gar-

"
"
nished,
the trouble will be useless ; (but)all trouble
bestowed upon (thingsmade of)wood is advanta-
geous."

/ Alapa-ta, s. a butcher. Alapata ko mo iru eran,

"
The "

butcher pays no regard to any particularbreed of

animals."

Alape-je, s. one who invites to a feast.

Alara, Omnira, s. a free person.

-
Alaraje (9ni-iraje),
s. a purchaser for ftimilyuse, one
having no farm. Alaraje ko mo odun, abi isu ita bi "

iggi,"A buyer knows nothing of seasons of the year,

but his yam must always be as large(as a billet),"cause

be-

his money enables him to purchase the best of

every thing.
Ala-ran-se, s. a helper.
Alarekereke, 5. a rogue, a double-dealer,a prevaricator.
31
 ALA

Alarena, s. an agent who is employed in engaging a

young woman.

AlarT, Alari, s. a kind of red cotton grown in Haussa. "

Alari babbaaso, "Alari is the princeof decorations."

Alarin-jo, Arin-jo, s. one who dances about.

Alarin-kiri, s. a rover or wanderer about.

Alarobo, s. a petty trader,who buys and sells off at a

little profit,
a commissioner.

Ala-ro-ye, s. a great talker.

Alaru (oni-aru),
s. a a bearer
carrier, of burdens.

Alasa, s. king'smessenger.
Alase, s. a cook "

Iya-lase,a female cook "

Babba-lase,
a male cook.
Alaso, s. a talker "
Alasodon, an exaggerator.
Alaso, s. a quarrelsomeperson.
Alasa, s. a title ; captainof an inferior rank in the army.
Are alasa; Oton alasa; Osin alasa.

J Alasara, Alasa, s. a dealer in snufF or tobacco. " Ko si

alasara ti ita igbo ku gbogbo won ni ita oyin, No "

dealer in snufF likes to confess she sells bad tobacco,

but all of them professto sell (tobacco as sweet as)
honey."
'^^^LASE-ju,
s. a self-willed person. Alaseju pere ni
"
ite,
"
An obstinate man soon falls into disgrace."

Alase-ran, s. one who infects another with his actions,

a pestilent
person,
Alaso s. the
(oni-aso), owner of the clothes; a seller of

clothes,a weaver.

Alatampoko, s. a kind of grasshopper. yioje,esu

" Esu
^
yio lo, nibo alatampoko yio wo, The "
yio mo esu li
locusts will eat, drink, and go away, but where will

the grasshopper conceal itself?"

Alaton-se, s. one who bringsa matter right,an agent,
mediator, umpire.
Alawi-ye, s. one who explainsa matter to another so as

to be perfectly understood.
32
 ALA

AlawTve (wi-ma-ye),
s. one who cannot speak intelligibly.
ALAwfoBo (wi-ma-gbo),5. a faithless person ; an obstinate
person .

Alawi-ka, also called Alawi-rin, Aronika, Oso Aje, s. a

wizard, a sorcerer, a witch.

Alawopupo (awo-pi-p9),
s. coloured.
many
Alawo (awo),s. a dealer in leather or hides, a tanner.
Alawo (awo),5. a priest,one acquaintedwith the secrets
of the gods.

Alawofin, s. a king,lit.one who enters the palace.

Alayan-je, s. he who cheats ; an inferior person.
Alaye, s. living, life.
possessing
Alayi, dem. pron. this,this one.

Ale, s. a plant.
Alebu, s. evil treatment, unjustusage.
Alejo, s. a guest,stranger,visitor.
Aligarima, s. a spirited
horse.
Alkurani, s. the Koran.
Alla, s. white cloth,calico,muslin. " Alia funfun otta

orisa, " A white cloth is an objectof hatred to the

gods" (becauseit is worn out in their service).

Alle, s. a concubine.

Alle, Asalle, s. afternoon,evening.

Almagaji, Alumagaji, s. scissors.
Alo, s. a district ; a flame of fire,combustion.
Alongo, 5. tight-legged
a kind
trowsers. of

Alore, s. a look-out,placeto look out, gibbet, spy, watch.

Alo, s. a riddle,enigma ; that which is turned or inverted.
Alolekke (lo-ilekke),
5. beadmaker, beadgrinder.

Alonilowogba (lu-enia-li-owo-gba), s. an extortioner, a

wringerfrom the hand of another.

Alu-bata, s. a beater of the (drum) bata.
Alubossa, s. the onion.

Alu-dondon, s. a beater of the (drum) dondon.

Alufa, s. a Mahommedan priest, of
a priest the onlytrue
God.
33 F
 ALU

Alugba, s. the frame upon which the door closes when

shut.

Alu-gba, s. a beater of the calabash drum.

^ Alugbon, 5. that which is near akin to, resemblance. "

Egbon iwaju alugbon babba, "

An elder brother is a

resemblance of a father."

Alukanrin, Kanakana, s. a black crow with white neck.

It is said that rain never falls where it laysits eggs.
Alukasafa, s. a kind of upper
garment with short sleeves.

Alukawani, s. promise, bargain,agreement.

Alukembu, s. the stirrup. Alukembu "
babba assa,
"
The

stirrupis the father of the saddle."

Aluki, s. a slender pricklyplant. "

Bi ina jo abowp fun
^

aluki," When fire burns up the bush, it has respect

for the plantaluki." (A superstition.)
Aluko, 5. a kind of woodcock.
Alu-koso, s. a beater of the (drum) koso.
Alupayida ( pa-eyi-da), s. sleightof hand,
"
the act of

changing,deception.
Aluse, 5. a spring-lockwith brass knob.
Alusin, s. damage, distress,misfortune.
Aluwala, s. ablution. " Omi aluwala, "
The water for
ablution."

Aluwasi, s. parade,show, exhibition.

Ama, adv. a particledenotingcustom or habit (used with
verbs). " I wo ama lo, ^'
You used to go."
Amala, s. an of
interpreter dreams.
Amala, s. food made
yam flour. from
Am accustomed
APE, |Mr^. being called, to be called.

AmbosIn, Ambotori, co?{j.

what else.
Amewa, s. one who knows the beauty.
Ami-kan, s. breathingwhich touches or influences a thing.
Amin, Amen, so be it.
s.

Ami-po, Imipo,s. a shakingtogether.

Ami-si,Imisi,s. a breathinginto,the act of breathinginto.
Amkan, Amukan, s. sorrel plant,leaf
34
 AMM

Amma, conj.(Hanssa)but.
Ammi, AmI, s. a sign,omen.
AmmOjS. a largewater-pot set in the house to keep water
cool.
Amofin (mo-ofin),
5. lawyer,one who
a knows and fesses
pro-
the law, a professorof law.
Amore (mo-ore),s. a thankful person, one who feels and
acknowledgeskindness.
Amove (mp-oye),s. a wise person, a sage.
Amo, s. white claywith which country pots are made.
i^ Amodun (mo-odun),s. next year, a return of the season. "

Amodun ko riri,je ki amura ki asise, The coming "

year is not out of sight; let us be up and work." "

Woyi amodun ma to gbangba gbangba, "By this

time next year I shall become a great person."
Amohungbogbo (mo-ohun),s. or adj.all-knowing.
,
Amo-ja, s. a guess, conjecture.
Amo-je (mo-eje),s. a plant.

Amoje-w^ewe, s. a plantwith very small leaves,used for

healingswellingsor tumours.
Amoje, s. one who tries by water.
Amo-ju, s. superiorknowledge.
Amo-ju, s. excessive drinking,drunkenness.
Amojukuro (mu-oju-kuro), s. that which is to be over-
looked

or passed over.
Amokun,s. a lame Amokun ni W9, ki ise
^ person. "
eru on

lori,ni ille li o ti wo lo,"A lame man said his load

was notupright,and was answered, '
Its uneven-
"
ness began from the ground' (fromyour lame foot).
Amolle (mo-ille),
s. a conspirator.
Amolle-pa, Imollepa, s. assassination.
Amonna ("
onna), s. a guide, leader.
Amonna, s. booty,plunder. Hence came the w'ord Jama
for Jeamonna, to take booty, to plunder. Jama,
soldiers who
plunder.
Amope, conj.though,althougli,
notwithstanding.
35
 AMO

Amopara (mo-pa-ara),
s. drinking enness.
drunk-
to stupefaction,

Amouan knowing man, a counseller."

(mo-oran), s. A
Amoran mowe ni ilajuoran, A counseller who "

understands proverbs(soon)sets matters to rights."

Amo-se, 5.a wilful action,wilfulness,obstinacy.
Amo-tan, s. pretendedknowledge.
Amotekkun, Jakumo, (to-ekkun) 5. an animal of the

leopardkind.
Amotelle, s. foreknowledge,previouscognisance.
Amu, 5. confusion, " O damn mi, "He upsets (or,confuses)
me.

Amu-ba, s. that which is brought to one ; means, tunity.

oppor-

Amu-pada, s. a restitution.
restoration,
AxMu-RAN, s. a hook used by tailors to hold cloth when

sewing.
Amuron, s. a bleedingof the nose.
Amure, s. a girdle,
a girdingof the loins ; a small kind
of lizard.
Amu-wa, Imuwa, s. that which is brought forth from a

matter thing,issue,ultimate
or produce.
Amgbadu, s. the vegetablecalled cranecrane, in Sierra
Leone.- Amgbadu obbe onse,
"
The amgbadu is the "

\/
sauce of messengers." (Messengers are usuallyen-
tertained

with a sauce made of this vegetable.)

Amuya, s. seizure of goods in room of debts due.

Anfani, s. advantage,ease, convenience. K6 se anfani, "

"
Not easy, (or, advantageous)."

Angeli, s. (Gr.)an angel.

Angere, s. a wooden leg.
Ani, v. it is said,they say.
Ani-ani, s. doubt, uncertainty.
Anidopin (ni-de-opin), s. completepossession.

Ani-tan, s. perfection, completion, full possession.

Ani-yan (ni-ayan), s. carefulness,anxiety.
36
 APA

A PARA, A (pa-ara),
SALLE 5. barrenness (saidof land).
Apari (pa-ori),
s. bald. Apari fojiidiabbe, A bald-
"
"

headed person does not care for a razor."

Aparo, s. a bird very like the partridge. Ennu " 11 aparo

ifi ipe ora, ani kiki ora, kiki ora, With the mouth "

the Aparo proclaims its fatness,crying (kikiora),

Nothing but fat,nothingbut fat."

Aparon, s. a cane.

Apata, 5. a shield. "

Apata ri iku kehin si,apata ni igba
'/

'ni li ogun, " When a shield sees death, it (does not

flyfrom it,but)turns back) to meet

its outside {lit, it ;

a shield is a in
protection the front of the battle."

Apatta, s. a rock. "

Apatta li ehin akan, "The rock
{i.e.shell)on the crab's back." pa batta bata
^"Ojo
"

batta bata li ori apatta li ode ajalubatabata ni iggi

batta li awo. A play on the word Apatta,contain-
ing

frequentrepetitionof h and t sounds.

a "The "

rain on the batta (shoes)goes patter,patter, pat-

ter,
as on the apatta ; in the street of the ajalu-
bata
(head drummer), the bata (drum) is wood, the
batta (shoes) are skin." (See a similar instance
under Kanakana.)
Apeja, Pejapeja (pa-eja),
s. a fisher.

Ape-je-ase,s. a feast,dinner.
Apeje-iiun,Apeje, 5. guest, the act of eatingwith another.
Ape- assembly,a meeting.
JO, s. an

Ape-jure, Ijure,5. sign,mark, direction, pattern. Ape- "

jure li agbedde iro ; or, Apejure li onna ise, The "

smith or artisan always follows a pattern."

Ape-le, 5. that which is added, surname.

Apena, Ena (pe-ina),

s. the act of pins
stretching, on
!^
which spun cotton is wound for sale ; a title of one

who calls an assembly. Ma "

fi ti re ko mi li oron li
oda fu apena on owu,
"
(The pin says to the cotton,)
'
Do not hang your trouble on my neck.' This is

always the disputebetween the cotton and the pins."

38
 APE

Apere, s. a rider's portableseat; also used for a travelling

box.

Ape, clappingof bands.

s. a

Apere, s. a sign,direction,pattern,token. "

Die die li
"
amo apere, By degreesone understands a sign."
Apetta, (pa-etta),
s. a part of the dead, remains.
Etta

Apinni, s. name of a place in Oyo, the head of the

priestscalled 'Oje.
Apixti, s. a kind of drum.
n ykpG, s. bag, pocket. Ijajeenia " ko di ennu apo," "A
t/ rascal never closes the mouth
bag." Ibajeapo of his "

ni ibajeapa, bi apa ba ja,

apo aballe, The injury of "

a bag is caused by the injuryof the pack-rope: if

the pack-rope breaks,the bag will
go down."
Apo, s. a quiver.
Apo-agadagodo, s. a kind of leathern bag like a scrip.
Apo-agbado, Awo-agbado, s. a shock or stack of corn.

Apo-isana,5. the tinder and bag containingfire

flint-bag,
apparatus.
Apofin, Aporiki, s. the chief of the archers.

Apopo, s. piece (of cloth),pod (of fruit). Apopo "

ARAN, a piece of velvet Apopo obi, a pod of "

kola nuts.

Aporo, s. a walk between beds in a farm or garden.

Aporo, s. antidote againstpoisonousarrows.
Apoti, 5. a bench, stool,box.
Apoti-itisse,s. a footstool.

Apo-ju, Ipo-ju,Opo-ju,s. the more part,the greater part,

abundance, over-abundance.
A PON, s. fruit of a tree called oro, used for palaversauce,

very slimy when ground and mixed with water.

Apon, s. an unmarried man ; a widower.

Apon, s. or adj. restlessness ; busy here and there, al-

ways

doing.
Apon, s. a bird with red beak.

Apon-obiri,s. a woman who has weaned an infant.

"

39
 ARA

Ara, 5. boch^ member, limb, kind. " Ara re m, "This

belongsto its kind."

kRxfolloivcdhy da, v.?/. to be well,to recover, to be clear.

" Ara mi da, " I am well ;" ^' I recover ;" " I am clear

(ofany blame or lit.my body is clear.

responsibility),"
It is also used to express disappointment,as Ara
da '9,"You are disappointed;""Your expectation,
or hope, fails."
Ara Gbekan, v. w. to feel soreness or pains. "

Ara mi gbekan, "

My body feels sore."

Ara, s. kindred
relative,relation, (toa person or place).
" Emi ko ri ara mi, "
I do not see my relative."

Ara, s. a bird. "

E' mase pa eiye ti ijeara, "Do not kill
the bird called ara."
Ara, Rara, adv. at all. " K6 kuku ranse si mi rara ?
" Does he not send to me at all ?"

Ara, s. a very loud thunder. " Ara san wa,

"
It thunders
loud."
Ara, 5. fashion,custom, form ; of journeys.
repetition "

Ara ki li eyi? "What fashion is this?" "

Oniruru

alarabara," Of various kinds, (or,fashions)." Eyi li "

o di ara kejiwa, "

This is our second journey."
Ara-nfu, uneasy
X). to be under a sense of wrong done, to
[/
be suspicious.Ase "
oran ikoko se bi on li ambawi,
abi ara ifu bi enni se ohun, "
He who
(hascommitted)
a secret action supposes himself to be spoken of
(when he sees persons conversingtogether),being
uneasy, as one who has committed an offence."

y Araba, s. the cotton tree. " Araba nla omm9 agberu

gbake, "
A largearaba receives (intoits substance)
the handle and the axe together."
Arabi, s. a kind agballe,o kun
of insect. " 'O bo lowo

[^' arabi, When (the insect)agballeis overpowered,

"

there remains only the power of (theinsect)arabi

(to be conquered)." These two insects are always
found together.
40
 ARA

Ara-binri,Arabiri (ara-obiri),
5. a female relative,sister.
ARA-BiNRi-iYEKAN,5.a
female relative on the mother's side.

Ara-binri-obbakan,5. a female relative on the ftither'sside.

Araiyara (ara-eyi-ara), s. natural body, material body,
the body itself.
\^ Araiye (ara-aiye),s. the people of the world, mankind.

"
Araiye abi oju pete, "Mankind presents a circum-
scribed

appearance (lit.countenance)."(A proverb

expressingthe limited nature of human things.)
Arajo (re-ajo),5.
traveller.
Ara-konri, 5. a male relative,brother.
ARAK9NR1-1YEKAN,5. male relative on the mother's side.
Arakonri-obbakan, s. male relative on the father's side.
Aralle (ara-ille),
5. he who belongsto house
a or family,
an inmate.
Arallu ( illu),
"
s. countryman, inhabitant of a town or

country. " Arallu mi ni, "

He is my countryman."
Aramori (ra-mo-ori),
s. a kind of close country cap.
Aran, s. velvet. " Aran ni ipari oso, "
Velvet gives a

finish to dress."

J/ Aran, s. decay of mental faculties through old age. "

Babba nse aran,

"
The father's mind wanders."
Aran, s. worms in children.
Aranbatta, Onibatta (ran-batta),
s. shoemaker.

Aranilowo (ran-enia-li-ow9), assistant.

s. helper,

Aran-kan, s. malice,malignity.
Aran-mu, s. catching,infectious.
Aratubu, s. prisoner.
Aran-se, 5. communication of things,help.
Aranso (ran-aso),
s. a tailor.

[^ Aran-wu, Iranwu,
spinner. Bi ojumo mo, olowo
s. a "

gbe owo, iranwu agbe kekke, ajagun agbe apata,

iwonso abere gbe assa, agbe ajiti on ti aruko, ommo

9dde ajiti apo ti 9ron, When the day dawns,

every
"

trader to his trade, the spinnertakes her spindle,

"

the warrior his shield, the weaver stoops to his batten,

41 G
 ARA ^

the farmer arises with his hoe, and the hunter takes
his bow." (i.e. No person should be idle.)
Arara, Rara, adv. at all,in the least. " Ko han rara,
"
It does not
appear at all."

Arara, .?. diminutive person, dwarf.

one's self.
self,
Arare, pron. second j7ers.sing, " I wo li o se

arare, It is you who hurt

"
yourself."
j^^'on.third pers. sing.
On li It is he
"
Arare, o se arare,
who injuredhimself."
Arawo, 6-. a carnivorous bird.
Are, s. the
eldership, beingolder; chief, state of
principal,
first in rank. Mo se are iwo, "lam
" older than you."
Are, s. fatigue, weakness. Are mu mi, I am weary." "
"

Are, ,9. rightin dispute, justice on the side of.

Arekakanfo (kakan-fo), s. the generalof the army.
Arekereke, s. dishonesty, double dealing, unfairness^per-
verseness.

Arekunda, s. deceit.
Aremo (are-ommo),s. the eldest child,whether male or

female.
Arenije (re-enia-je),
s. a cheater.

Arere, s. perfectsilence,stillness.
Areregbosun (rere-gba-osun), s. a small bird with red
,

feathers.

X
Arewa (re-ewa),s. a person of beauty,comely son.
per-
" Enniti o fe arewa o fe iyonnu, "He who mar-

ries a beauty marries trouble."

Ari, s. one who sees or finds.

Aridiji, s. fright,
terror, apparition.
Arifi, 5. thingvery hot. Denge tutu lehin ino re
any "

gbona bi arifi,"
Though the pap is cold on the sur-
face

back),yet the inside is very hot."

{lit.
Ariiiun-gbogbo, or Aroiiun-gbogbo adj.all-
(ri-ohun),
seeing.
Arin, s. the middle, centre.

Arinjo (rin-jo),
s. dancer.

42
 ARI

Arin-k6, s. chance ; exact time.

Ariwo, s. noise,uproar.
Ariva, (ri-ya),
Ariyo s. joy,gladness, merriment.

(X Aro, s. one having a withered limb. Aro ni idena orisa, "

"
The aro is the porter at the gate (a stationary vant)
ser-

to the gods." (Cf. Milton's Sonnet on his blind-

"
ness.

They also serve

"
"
who only stand and wait.")

Ejo ba 9 bi oran ikunle ba aro, The matter is to you "

what the task of kneelingis to one of withered limbs."

Aro, s. smith's profession.

Aro, s. a kind of calabash used for a quiverby hunters.
Aro, s. a small bird with glossyblue feathers.
Aro, s. blue dye.
A Ro,s. restlessness;appliedchiefly
playfulness, to children.

l^ Aro, s. the hearth, fire-place ; three stones or lumps

of clayused to support a vessel over a fire. Aro ki "

iru eru ki o ma so,

"
The aro does not always bear

its load ; it put down

will be (sooneror later)."
Aro, Abba, s. storehouse, barn, garner ; a granary built
in the shape of a funnel inverted.

Arobo, s. a petty trade.

Aroje, s. a placeof refreshment,a market-placeon the

road, where travellers halt.

Arokan (ro-kan),
5. reflection upon painfuloccurrences.
Arokin, s. a traditionist,
one who tells ancient stories.

Aroko, s.the overseer or head servant of a farm, a farmer.

Arokuro (ro-kuro), s. the last or latter rain.

Arolle s. heir to
(r9-ille), an inheritance.

Aromobimo s. great-grandparents.
(ri-omm9-bi-ommo),
Aron, 5. sickness,disease.
Aron-oju, ophthalmia. s.

Aroni, s. a fairy,an elf supposed to have but one leg.

Arosille, Ajoso, Asotelle (ro-si-ille),
s. a bargain,an
understood thing.
Aro-ye, s. much talk, explanation, complaint,excuse,
reasoning.
43
 ARU

Aruda, acceptable,
5. propitiatory sacrifice.
Arufin s. transgressorof the law.
(ru-ofin"),
Arugbo (ru-gbo), s. an old person.

Arugborugbo, adj.very old,full of days,aged.

Aruko, Ako (eru-oko), s. handle of a hoe.
Arukon (ru-kon),s. rising to fulness,as water in a

well ; fulness,a full or perfectsacrifice.

Arun, adj.five.
Arunjeran, s. a shrub
(run-je-eran), used as a medicine
for sore eyes. It bears black berries,not eatable,
and has short thorns on the stem.

Arun-odun, s.May, the fifth month of the year.

Arupe, s. or adj.dwarf, short,equal in height. Eiyelle "

ko li agogo kiki arupe, The

"
pigeon-tribehave no
J them) of a high stature,but they(areall)
one (among
dwarfs."
Asakani-ille, s.the square of a house; a square.
Asase, Alase (se-ase),
s. cook.

AsAsiN (sa-sin),
s. an unsteady person who forsakes his
father to live with and serve another.

AsE, AisE, s. largedoor, door.

AsE, IsE,IsASE,s. feast,dinner ; the act of cooking.
AsE, or AsE, paint,colour.
s. Some call it Ese. Osu u "

li ese, You paint,or colour, it."

"

A.SE-ALLE,s. supper, feast made in the evening.

AsE-iJO,s. feast for an assembly.
AsE-iYAWo, s. wedding feast.
AsE-ossAN, s. dinner,feast made in the daytime.
AsENJE (se-onje), s. a cook.

AsENo (se-ino), s. barren woman.

AsEPON (se-pon), s. barren woman (used when speaking

contemptuously).
AsiKi,s. luck ; good luck, success.
AsiNGBA(sin-gba), s. presents made to the messengers of
the king,which he carries back to his sovereign ;
the custom of passingon presents from town to town.

44
 ASS

of justice, or when
tipstaff, he arrests a man who

neglectsto pay the king'stax ; a shield.

AssAN, s. vanity,emptiness.
AssE, s. a small basket made for straining.
AsuBo (su-bo), s. gildingor silver platingwith which
another metal is covered.

AsuNwoN, s. small bag, closed with which

strings, serves

for a purse ; a shrub so called.

Asa, s. fashion,custom.
Asa, s. a small kind of hawk. "
Asa ni Tapa eiye, "
The
hawk is the Nufi of birds." (The Tapa or Nufi

people are noted for their swiftness.)Asa "

gbe mi
li adire ko duro nitori ti o mo ohun ti o se,
"
The

hawk, having caught my chicken, will not stay,be-

cause
it knows that it has done (wrong.)"

AsAGBE, Alagbe, beggar. s.

Asa-enia, s. vagabond.
Asa-ju (se-iwaju), leader.
s. forerunner,

AsALAiLAi s. old
(asa-lai-lai), fashion.
Asalle s. barren
(sa-ille), ground, worn-out land.

AsALLE, s. evening,dusk, afternoon,twilight.

AsAN, s. plainvegetablediet,without sauce or meat. "

Asan ni mo je sun lanna, I ate asan last night." "

i\sAPA,s. a hard-wood tree ; a corpse

canopy over the
of a rich person. Joists,roofs, rafters,
posts, and
charcoal are made of this tree ; the leaves are used
in curing the small-pox,
AsARA, s. tobacco, snuff.
AsARo, s. porridge.
AsATi (sa-ti),
s. that which is put aside,set at nought.
AsATi-AGBADo, s. a shock of corn.

AsAwi (sa-wi),
s. a selection of words. "
Asawi eJ9ennikan
se are,
" A one-sided statement of a case words
{lit.
selected dispute)always appears right."
in a

joke. Asaya ki ijeki ommo

AsAYA, s. a jest, oya ki 9 "

gbon, (The dog) playingwith the young hedgehog

"

46
 ASA

throws it off its guard (lit.

does not suffer it to be wise)."
j^SAYAN,5.athingselected from the rest,pickedout,chosen.
AsE, s. the menses.

AsE, s.coming to pass ; law, commandment

a ; virtue ;

effect ; imprecation.

AsE-HAN, s. a thingdone for show, a pretence.

AsE-Ju, s. an extravagant action.
AsE-KAN, s. a final action,a winding-up.
AsE-KUN, s. unfinished work, that which remains yet to

be done.

AsE-SA, s. disgrace.
AsE-TAN, s. perfection,
completion.
AsE-Ti,s. thingnot completed,not broughtto perfection.
a

AsE-TiNO-ENNi (se-ti-iuo),
s. an obstinate man, a self-
willed person.
AsEHiNDE, AsEHiNDENi (se-ehiu-de),
s. one who acts for
another in his absence, an agent, an overseer. "
Oju
olojuko jo oju enni, asehindeni ko wopo, "Another's

eye is not like one's own ; (faithful)

agents are not

numerous." " O ku asehinde, "

I thank you for acting
in my absence."
AsEiYESATE (so-eiye-sc-ate),
s. a dissembler, hypocrite,
double dealer.
AsENNU-ENNi (sc-eunu ),5.a spokesman,one
" who speaks
for another.

AsESE-KosE, s. beginning,commencement.
Asi-Ri,s. a secret.
Asi-soRi s. pistol. Asisori
(se-ori), " ko ni ikun bi agba,
otosi ko lowo bi 9l9ro, "
A pistolhas not a bore like

a cannon ; poor man

a has not money (at his mand)
com-

as the rich."
AsiwERE (se-iwere),s. fool,madman. " Enniti o nsape
fun asiwere jo on asiwere, 9kan, "
He who claps
hands for the fool to dance is no better than the

fool." "
Asiwere li o bi iya obbo, "The monkey's
grandmother was a fool."
47
 ASO

Aso, s. morose, peevishperson ; a sour look.

Aso-ENiA, s. headstrong obstinate person, not easily

overcome.

Aso-ERiN, s. elephantfeedingsingly.
an

Asoju-ENNi (se-oju-enni),s. one left in charge of another's

affairs during his absence.
AsoRE s. benefactor.
(se-ore),
AsoRiN, Igginla, s. the name of
very largetree.
a Asorin "

babba iggi,"Asorin is the father of trees." Asorin ko "

da osusu, "Asorin trees never form a grove." " Asorin

Olodo, " The asorin tree commands the brook." There

is a that
superstition begins to as soon as any one

cut the asorin tree he is chased by the spiritthat

dwells in it. The woodman accordingly drops palm-
oil on the ground, that the spiritmay lick it up
whilst he makes his escape. This tree is worshipped
at a distance.

AsoRo, s. pointedknife.
AsoRo (se-oro),s. troubler,tormentor, one who acts vio-
lently

upon provocation.
Asowo, Isowo (se-owo),s. trader.

1 Aso, s. cloth, clothes. " Aso lowo ko lekanna, enia ko si

ni iballe," Cloth has length,(lit.

hands, the sure
mea-

being by hands) but no fingers; so a man (has

hands, but) no flowingtrain (likethe cloth)."
Aso-DUDU, s. black cloth,blue cloth.
Aso-ETTU, s. check cloth,so called from its being made
in imitation of the feathers.
guinea-fowl's
Aso-iRON, s. hair cloth.
Aso-iwoLLE, Aso-iYiLLE (wo-iUc) s. cloth or clothes in
common use.

Aso-ojo, s. cloth used as a defence from the rain,cloak.

Aso-oso, s. dressingcloth,robe.
Aso-TALLA, s. muslin,calico,white cloth.
AsoLLu (s9-illu),
s. magistrate,
manager of a- town.
Asoso, s. a small bird which feeds on figs.
'48
 ASO

AsoTTE s. a revolter,
(se-otte), a revolutionist.

AsuKAN (su-kan),(alsocalled Moimoi), s. a kind of

cake.

Ata, s. any thingpungent ; pepper.

Ataba, A.DABA,s. a dove. See Adaba.

Ataba-Orenkere, s. a kind of wild pigeon,stripedon the

neck.

, "Ataba-susu,
s. a kind of dove. " Ko ka iku ataba-susu ti ije
larin asa,
"
Fearless of death, the pigeon feeds
amongst the hawks." ijoti ina ba " Ni jo ataba-susu
ni il9larin igbe,bi ina ba palo,elebu ama ire ebu,
"
When the bush is on fire,the pigeon removes from
the grass-field ; and when the flame is extinguished,

every one returns to his home."

Ataba-gbegbe,s. a kind of wild pigeon.

Atafo, s. a finger-nail,
tumour a whitlow.on the
Ataiyeraiye (ti-aiye-re-aiye), adv. {lit.from world to

world),everlasting.
"Atajateran (ti-aja-ati-eran), s. cattle,beast of every kind.

.
Atampako, s. the thumb. A.tampako ko se ijurepkan- "

kan, The thumb "

cannot pointstraightforward."
Atamora (ta-m9-ara), s. one who entangleshimself with
many things; a man fullyarmed.
Atan, Akitan (ki-tan), s. a dunghill. Agbasi mu atan "

gele, Continual sweepingsmake a high dunghill."

"

Atan, s. a small scaffold on which fish or meat is dried.

Atannamanna adv.
(ati-anna-m9-anna), from yesterday
until now.

Atano (ta-no),
adj.cast off,useless.
'Atanroko, s. a disease in fowls which swells their back

part. ^tanroko"
mu adire mi, "
My fowl is infected
with atanroko."

^ Atarere,5. a kind of pepper. Atarere "

ew9 9bbe,"The
atarere is never used in sauce."
Atari, s. the crown of the head.
Ate, s. a beaver or black hat.
49 H
 :ate

Ate, 5. birdlime. ^Ate peiye mu eiyeku, "

The birdlime
J "

is the death of a bird."

Ate, 5. disgrace,
insipidity,
flatness, reproach. " Nwon bii

ate lu mi, They disgraceme."

"

Atete, adj.that which is prior. (Always used

first, as a

prefix).
Atete-ba, 5. that which is met frontier,
first, outer court.

Atete-bi, Akobi, s. first-born.

Atete-kose, Atete-se, Ipille-se, s. the beginning,the
commencement thing. of a

Ate-le, s. or adj.a thingnext in order,next in rank,next

born, that which follows.
Ateleiiin s. a hump
(te-li-ehin), or crooked back.

Atellebosi Isabotti, s. a threshold,

( bo-si),
"
outer court.

j Atellesse (te-ille-esse),
s. the sole of the foot. " Atel-

lesse ni ijeegbin onna, "

The sole of the foot is posed
ex-

to all the filth of the road."

"^Atellewo ( "
palm of the hand.
9W0), s. Atellewo
the "

ki itan 'ni je, The palm of the hand "

never deceives

one,"denotingthe safetyof a thingin hand.

Atemora (te-mo-ara), Apamora (pa-mo-ara), s. patience,

long-suffering.
AtewogbX (te-owo),adj.acceptable, propitiatory.
Ati, s. purpose, intention,conception.(Frequentlyused
in compositionwith verbs,as a formative prefixfor
substantives. See Ati-ko,"c.)

Ati, adj.both; conj.and, likewise; p*"?p. from.

Atibaba, s. scaffold, shelf. (Applied chiefly to such as

fish and meat are dried on over fire.)

Atibabbadebabba, adv. from father to father.

Ati-bo,s. a coming, returning.

Ati-de, s. an arrival,coming.
Ati-gba,s. reception.
Atijeffawa six days ago.
(ati-ijo-effa-wa),rtc?i5.
Atijarunwa adv. five days ago.
(ati-ijo-marun-wa),
Atijedogunwa ( medogun
"
),adv. fifteen days ago. "

50
 ATI

Atijejilawa ( "
niejila ),adv. " twelve days ago.
Atijerinwa (
" erin "
), adv. four days ago.
Atijerinlawa (
" erin-la "
),adv. fourteen days ago.
Atijettawa (
"
days ago.etta "
),adv. three
Atijettalawa ( etta-la), adv. thirteen days ago.
"

ATrjEJ9WA ( ijo-mejo ),adv. eight days ago.

" "

Atijokanlawa ( mokanla ),adv. eleven days ago.

" "

Atijewa ( iJ9-me ),adv. ten days ago.

" "

Atijejewa ( ijo-meje ),adv. seven

"

days ago. "

Atijessanwa ( messan ),adv. nine days ago.

" "

Atijo ( ojo),
" adv. of old time, long ago.
Ati-ko, s. the process of teaching;the process of build-
ing.

Ati-la, s. salvation,the act of being saved ; the act of

gettingrich.
Atillende (nti-ille-nde),
s. a youth,justarrivingat the

age of puberty.
Ati-lo,s. departure,the act of going.
Ati-ni,s. attainment,possession.
Atioro, s. tassel ; bird ; plant.
Ati-pillese (pa-ille),
s. beginning.

Atipo, s. resident,sojourner.
Atisinsin-yi-lo (ati-isinsin), adv. henceforth.
Ati-wa, s. the act of coming.
Atiwa-ojo, 5. sun-rising, the east.
Atiwo-orun, s. the west. [Haussa: Yama.)
Ati-se, s. action.
Atonimoni adv. all day long. (Used in
(ati-oni-mo-oni),
cases of difficulty
or distress,to denote the lengthof
timethey occupy.)
Aton-wa, s. a returning.
Atori, s. a tree very remarkable for its used
elasticity,
for bows.

AT9RUNWA (ati-orun), adj. heavenly,proceeding from

heaven ; original ; untainted.

x\toto, s. noise ; the word used by the public crier to

51
 A TO

enforce silence,when about to deliver a tion

proclama-
;
" Atoto "
o "
o !

A.TO,s. that which makes straight

; a medicine which
heals a fractured bone or limb ; a kind of long-
/ necked calabash.
Atojomojo
y (atiojo-mo-ojo),
adv. a long time ago. " Oro
atojomoio ko le isini li eti bi oro titton," An old

story does not open the ear as a new one does."

Atojuenni (to-oju), s. superintendent.

Atokun (to-okun),s. leader, guide.

Atokko (to-okk9),
s. pilot, helmsman.
Atommodommo (ati-ommp-de-ommo),adv. to children's
children.

Aton-bi, s. regeneration.
Aton-da, regeneration.
s.

a repetition
Aton-iiu,5. of behaviour; a fresh shootingout.
Atonna ^(to-onna),
s. one who walks about the road ;

spy ; watchman.
Atowowa (ati-owo-wa),
s. that which originatesfrom
one's self; personalaction.
Atta, s. the ridge which covers the top of the roof.
Atta, s. a resinous tree, commonly splitand used for
torches.

Atte, s. fan to winnow rice or corn.

Atuko (tu-okko),s. sailor.

Atubo-se, s. that which bringsany thingto a completion.

Atubo-tan, s. termination. " Ki olorun ki o fu ni li atu-

b9tan rere, May "

God happy end !"
give us a (An
expressionborrowed from the Mahommedans.)

Atun-se, Aton-:SE,s, restoration,repairs.

AwA, pers. pron. we.
joke.
iVwADA, 6". jest,
Awa-mu, s. adherence, attachment.
AwA-NA, pers. pron. we ourselves.

AwA-No, ,v. a waster, waste.

AwA-Ti-KARA-WA, pers. pron. we of our own selves.
52
 AWO

Awo-oMiTORo, Awo-OBBE, s. soup-platc.

Awo-oLOMMORi s. bason
(oni-9mmo-ori), with a cover.

AWO-OKKO, AWO-GBORO, AwO-OGBON, AWO-POKKO, S. disll.

AwoDi, s. hawk. "

^A.wodi nra ino ahidire baje,"When the
hawk (over the yard) the owner
hovers of the fowls
feels uneasy.":Li oju awodi ki ako adire re apatta,
"

"No one would expose fowls on the top of a rock in

the sightof a hawk." " Awodi olojuina, "
The awodi
has eyes that can bear the fire."
Aw^ojuiN s. glass,
(wo-ji-ijin), looking-glass.
AwojuiN-oJu, s. spectacles.

Aw OKO, s. colic,spleen.
AwoKo, s. the mock-bird. Mo kon igba lalle mo kon "

igba li oro mo kon igbali ossan ki mto fi ayindayinda

lu u, I sang 200 songs in the morning,200 at noon,
"

"
and 200 in the afternoon (saysthe mock-bird, " as
my ordinarytask), besides many frolicsome notes (for

my own amusement)."
AwoLLEiiu ( wo-ille ),s. a fabricated rumour.
oRO " "

woNi (wo-enni),Alake-si,s. a visitor.

Awo-RAN, s. picture,image, likeness. Bi aba gbe "
awo-

ran, aki isa ima fi,owe re te nkan, "

However well

an image may be made, it must have something to

stand upon."
AwoROJOBi a\ a small
( ^je-obi), "
bird.

Awo-se, s. pattern.
Awo-TAN, s. perfectcure, entire healing. " O se awotan

won gbogbo, He "

cures them all."

Awo-VE Alore
(wo-oye), (enni-ore),
s. a looker out, a spy.
Awo,s. hide, skin,leather.
^Aw^o,s. colour ; outward appearance ; likeness,simili-
tude,

image.
Awo-PALA, s. very coarse leather ; unwrought leather.

Awo-wiLiKi, 6'. leather worn about the waist.

Aw^o-sANMAj s. the clouds.

Awo-TUTU, s. raw hide.

54
 AWO

AwoiiiN (wo-ebin),s. hump ; crooked back.

AwoN, s. land tortoise;greediness;

a miser; adj.sparing,
scanty, parsimonious. Eje aw9n "
ko kon ni H own,
{/ "
The blood of the tortoise is not a handful." "
lile

os9n9 a ya yo ta ni je ya ille aw9n ki aw9n, " One

^ may call at the house of the liberal and be filled,

(but)
who will call at the house of a miser to salute him V
" lUe aw9n ko gba aw9n, 9dedde aw9n ko gba olojo,
aw9n ko ille oyo 9dde ni ibadi, " The house of the
tortoise is not largeenough for itself,
the verandah of
^
a tortoise wall not accommodate a guest; the tortoise
having built its house, makes the verandah (i.e. the

part of the shell that overlapsthe tail)behind it."

AwoN OKUN, s. sea turtle.
Aw^oN, pers. pron. they.
AwoN, Ahon, s. the tongue.
'AwoN, s. a net.

AwoN-EKUN, hairy plant,whose touch causes

s. a severe

itching so called from its being rough,like a leo-

" pard's

tongue ; also, a very watery plant,much used

by thirstyhunters, who cut it asunder and drink the

sap.
AwoNNiwoNNi Cvv9-enni),
s. a kind of guana ; otherwise
called Awonwon; Aiianhan; Alegba ; Alegba Ale-
To-Lo ; supposed to be able to live without water for

a long time.
AwoN-NA, pers. pron. they themselves.
AwoN-so, s. a weaver.

Awo-RiRUN, s. a well-worked leather ; soft leather.

Awujo, s. the midst of an assembly.

Awuju, s. confusion.

Aya, s. a wife.

Aya, s. a kind ofmonkey. Aya be " sille 9 be si sille,

1/ "
When a monkey jumps down from the tree, he
jumps into the house (ofhis pursuer);"Le. is sure to

be caught.
55
 AYA

AvABHA (aya-obba),
s. a queen, a king'swife.
otherwise,unless.
Ayamo-pe, Ayamo-bi, C071J. " Bi babba
ko ba
ayammope de emi ko so otito, " Unless my
father has come 1 have not spoken the truth."
Ayan, s. a tree, from which the club of Sango (thegod
of thunder is made
lightning) ; the cockroach.
and "

Ayan ko gba edon, The Ayan tree resists an axe." "

; stench, ofTensive
Ayan, s. inquisitiveness smell. O "

nsayan,
"
It stinks."

Ayan-fe, s. or adj.a friend,one selected among the rest,

chosen,beloved.
Ayanga, 5. a threatening
word to an inferior.
of rebuke or

Ayan-je, Iyan-je, s. cheat,imposition.

Ayan-se, s. any thingdone specially, done to order.

Aya-sebi,conj.unless,except, otherwise.
Aye, s. room, space. Aye-agba, chief room, seat of the
elder.

Aye, Awe, s. breadth of cloth.

Aye, adj.alive, living, quick.
Aye-tan, s. perfectunderstanding, full conception.

Ayi-da, s. a change ; round of time ; next season ; year.

Ayida-yida, s. much talk,chattering.

Ayi-ka, s. a surrounding; circle ; halo.
A YIN, s. a very hard tree with oilysap.

Ayin, s. mats made of bamboo. Ille ayin, house of

bamboo mats.

Ayinrin,s. lightblue.
Ayinuin, s. a small animal like the fox, which catches
fowls.

Ayo, 5. a choice person or thing; adj.most beloved,most

valued.

\^y Ayo, Awo, 5. a game called the warry. "

Ayo ki ijeki aye
e,
"
When the game is won, it cannot be disputed."
Ayo, adv. plentifully.
Ayo, s. joy,gladness.
Ayoluwo (yo-illu-wo),s.
a spy sent to survey a town.
56
 AYO

Ayommo (aya-ommo),s. the wife of a prince.

Ayoniwo (y9-enni-wo),s. a spy who watches the actions
of an individual ; an eaves-dropper.

Ayo-san, s. money paid for sacrifice.

Ayo-se, s. doinghy stealth ; that which is done by stealth.
Ayun,5. a going,departure. Ayun ni mo ri nko ri abo,
"

I saw
"
the departure,but not the return." Kun "

'yun kun 'wa bi iko era, To be busy here and "

there,like the messenger of the ant (era)."

Ayun, Avon, s. a saw. Onsonna o fi ayun re iggi, The

"
"

artisan cuts a tree with a saw."

Ayun-abo, Ayun-awa, s. a going and returning.

B.

Ba, v. a. to meet, overtake,find at a place. " Nwon ba mi

ni ille,"They meet me at home." " I wo ba mi li

onna,
" You overtook me on the road." " Awon oba
mi nibe, " They will find me there."
Bk followedhy Lo (to go),v. a. to
accompany. " Ma se

ba mi lo, "
Do not me."
accompany
Ro(consider),v.
a. to advise,
givecounsel.
" Ta li o ba iwo ro iru oran behe'?
"Who advised YOU in such a matter?"
So (squabble),
v. n. to quarrelwith. " Ma
bamisomo, "Do not quarrelwith me

any more." K6 ye ki aba It is

"
"
a so,
not good to be quarrelling with him."
Sun (sleep),iJ. ;i. to lie with. (Thisword
should be always used in translating
the Scriptures, it beinga more decent

expressionthan Do.)
Tan (connected),
v. n. to be related to. "

Gbogbo araiyeli 9 ba ara won tan,

"All mankind are related to one

another."
Wi (talk),V. a. to rebuke, blame. "

57 I
 BA

Babbaba mi wi,"(My) father blamed

me." " Ma se ba ommo re wi to behe,
"
Do not rebuke your child so much."
Ba followedhy Wuo (dispute),
xi. a. to judge. Olorun "

yi oba gbogbo aiyewijo, God shall "

judge the whole world."

Ba, v. a. {primary idea,to bring into contact with,hence)
to sit or alighton a tree, as a bird ; fit,be exact ; hit
the rightmark ; come to the point; bespeak ; plait

coarsely{i.e. bring the grass fibres into contact with

each other); strain through (/. e. bring into contact

with) a sieve. Eiye meji ba li ori iggi, Two

" birds "

are sitting on the tree." O ba a patapata, It comes

"
"

right to the point." Emi ti ba malu na sille, I

"
"

have bespoken the cow." Ba esu fu mi, Plait "

"

some esu grass for me." lya mba aro, '^(My)mother "

is straining potash."
KAfoIloived by Je {tvithout meaning,exceptin comj^osition),
V. a. to corrupt, spoil, defile, destroy.
O ba ommo
" mi j^, He spoilsmy "

child" (by indulgence,demoraliza-

tion,

bodilyinjury).
LoRUKOJE (ni-oruko,to the name), v. a.

to slander. " Emi o ba oruko re je, "

I
will slander
you."
NiNOJE in or to the mind),v. a. to
(ni-ino,
grieve.^E' ma je ki aba
displease, "

babba ninoje,"Don't let us grieve

our father."
Ti w. to fail,
(failure),!?, miss one's aim by
a small distance. " Ofa ti o ta ba a ti,
"
The arrow which he shot,missed it."
'Oko ti mo so si eiye na o ba a ti,
*'The stone which I threw at the
bird, missed it."

Ba, v. n. to be bent inwards, to be bent. " Ehin re o ba,

58
 I BA

"
His back is crooked." Iggi na ba die, "
The stick
is bent a little."
Ba, v. n. to lie close to the ground,hide. " Ole ba nino

igbe, "
The thief hides in the bush." " Adie ba le
"
omm9 re, The
young." hen sits over her
shall,should, would; ought. Ni-
Ba, mix. V. (defective), "

gbatiyio ba lo, emi o fi fu 'o, When he goes (lit. "

should go) I will give it to you." Emi ni iba I9, "

"
I ought to have gone." (With the prefix it assumes
the sense of to.") "

Ba, aifx. V. (defective), should, might. IW9 nse behe "

ki emi ki oba lo, '"

You act thus in order that I

might go."
Ba, j'jre^j. in composition).
with, against;(frequently "

Ommo wa ba won lo, "

Our children went with
them." Gbogbo W9n mba wa ja, They were
"
all ^'

fightingagainst us."
Ba, (Lat.con); particle used only in composition.
Ba, adv. with Ha, (emphatical) never. Emi ko ha se e "

ba, I did not do it ; no, never

"
!" IW9 ko je I9 ba,
You would
"
never go."
Baba, s. the red Guinea corn ; copper.
Baba, s. a great thing; Baba, s. a small thing; words ployed
em-

in the proverb
following " Baba bo baba m9lle,
"
A great matter puts a smaller out of sight."
Babba, s. father,
master. " Babba wa ko si ni "
ille, Our

father is not at home." " Babba Father

ataiyeraiye, "

everlasting."
Babbalawo (babba-ni-awo), s. a priest of Ifa.
Babba-nla, Babb7\la,s. grandfather.IW9 ko mo bab- "

banla wa, You did not know "

our grandfather."
Babo, s. a tree, the leaf of which is much used in tying
up agidiand kola-nuts.
Babuja (bu-abuja), v. a. to cross, thwart.
Bada, s. a title.
Ba-de, v. n. to agree, suit. " O bade, "
It agrees ;" " It suits.'"
59
 BAF

Bafin, Ibafin s. eunuchs, of whom

(iba-afin), there were
six in the palace of the King of Yoruba; they are
called Ivveflfa.
Bai, Bayi adv. thus, so ; only;no more
(bi-eyi), ; very. "

Emi ni iw9 se bai si, Do you act thus towards

" me."

Bai, adv. yonder, somewhere, thereabouts. Ille re mbe "

nibai, His house is somewhere

"
thereabouts ;" His "

house is yonder."

Bai-ba\,adv. dimly. Orun nran baibai,"The sun shines

"

dimly."
Balaga (ba-le-aga),
s. a young man, coming to maturity.
Balle-ero, s. host,landlord. " Balle ero li o mu mi wo,
"
The host lodged me."
Balle (ba-ille),
v. n. to touch the ground.
Balle (ba-ille),
s. governor.

Balle (obba-ille),
s. householder, master of a house ;
husband." Balle mi, My husband." 'Agbako si illu
"
"

baje,balle ku ille di ahoro, When there are no

"

elders,the town is ruined ; when the master dies,the

house is desolate."
Balogun (obba-ni-ogun),
Ibalogun, 5. a war officer.
chief,
Balogun-orun, s. a centurion.
Baluwe, Ibaluwe,(ibi-alu-we) s. apartment in a house
for washing or necessary resort.
Banabana, Benabena, .v. a plant having small leaves
which fold as soon as the sun sets,the powder of
which is used by thieves,as a charm to put the in-
mates
of a house to sleep, previous to attempting
arobbery.
Bambam, s. a piece of wood, flattened on one side,used
forbeatingmud floors,to make the foundation solid.
Bans {Eng.),s. bans of marriage.
Bao, Bawo, (bi-ewo) adv. how ? in what way ?" Bawo ni
ki ase? "How should we act?" " Bawo li ori?
"
How is it ?"
Baptisi {Gr.),v. a. to baptize.
60
 BEB

" Avva bebbe loddo re,

"
We entreat of him." "

Bebbe ki o ri okose, saojbe ki ori awon,

"
Beg for
help,and you will meet with refusals ; ask for alms,
and you will meet with misers."
Bebe, s. brink of a pitor precipice; verge, edge ; shoal,
bar. " Mase duro ni bebe odo, "Do not stand at the
brink of the river." " Bebe ya, "The bank
(river's) is
broken." "

Bebe-idi, s. rump.
Bebe-oju, eye-brow. s.

s. earthen
Bebeyara, (bebe-iyara), mound againsta tification.
for-

Behe, adv. thus, so. " ^Behe ni, " So it is."

Beiie-ko,adv. no, not so.

Behe ni, coty. neither,nor. " Beheni ki ise emi, behe ni

ki ise iw9, "It is neither I nor you." " Ki ise eyi,
behe ni ki ise eyini, "
It is neither this nor that." "

Belebele, adj.flat,elastic, thin.

pliant,
Beleje, adj. beautifullyyellow. Ina pupa "
beleje,djo
dudu bolojo, The "
fire is a beautiful yellow; the
rain-clouds are a beautiful black."
Bende, s. a blow with the fist. -Yio ki iwo nibende,
"
He you." will box
Bebe, v. a. to begin,commence, stoop.
Bere, adj.low, fiat,not high. Orule yi here, This "
"

roof is flat." Also used as an impers. v., It is flat." "

Bere, adj. even, s. gentle slope; slightelevation,in

rows ; level. Nwon wo ille gbogbo pallebere,"They
"

levelled the houses all along."

Bere, s. grass used for thatching, of which there are va-

rious

kinds ; Bere-mene, s. fine yellowgrass ; Bere-

ALOLo Bere-pasi,s. ; kinds of coarse grass.
Beri, (be-ori),
v. a. to behead, " Obba beri re li oju
opopo,
"
The king beheaded him on the highway lead-
ing
to the town."
Beru, (ba-eru),
v. a. to fear,be afraid of,be daunted. "

62
 BER
"

Ma beru enni kan, "

Fear no man." " Bern Olorun,
"Fear God."
Beri^keru v. to be apt to fear,to be timid.
(ba-eru-ki-eru),
and adv. according as, if, although,whether,
Br, conj.
just. Bi behe ba ni, If it be so." Bi babba ti wi li,
"
"
"

awa o se,
"
As (my) father has said, so will we do." "

Bi o tide ni
yi, He isjustcome." Bi ko tille fe awa
"
"

ose, "Though he be not willing, yet we shall do so."

Bi, V. a. to bear,beget,breed (appliedto mammiferous mals).
ani-
Malu mi bi lanna, "My cow
" calved yesterday."
^i followedhy Si (towards), v. n. to multiply, increase,
replenish. Glare mbisi,"His riches "

increase."

Bi,v. a. to ask, question. Obi mi li oran "

na,
"
He asks

me about that matter."

Bi, followedhy Lere (ni-ere,with a question), v. a. to

question, interrogate.Okon-ri na bi "

mi li ere, The man questionsme." "

Lejo (^ ejo, judgment),v. rt. to question

"

a man upon a chargebroughtagainst

him.
LoHUN (
"
ohun, voice),
v. a. to reproach
a person for ingratitude.
Nino ( ino,in
" the inward) v. a. to vex,

make angry.
Bi, v. a. push violently
fo ; vomit, spew.
Bi followedhy Subu, v. a. to push headlong,overthrow.
Bi-ATi, adv. how. " Ko mi biati ise, " Teach me how to

do it."
Bi-ATi-N^\^,adv. immediately,instantly {lit.as we were

talking). Biatinwi behe li ode, "He came

"

justas we
were talking."
Bi-BAWo adv. whereby, in
(bi-bi-ewo), what way, how.

BiBi, adj.begotten; 5. that which is born.

BiBO, adj.boiled. " Eran bibo, " Boiled meat."

BiBU, adj.broiled,by being heated under hot ashes or

63
 BI-E

embers ; s. roof grass ; mended

patched by inserting
roof. " Isu bibu,"Broiled yam." Ejjabibu,"Broiled "

fish."
Bi-ENNi-PE, conj.
as if one say, as if. should

BiERANKO adj.brutal,like a beast.

(bi-eran-oko),
BiKiTA, V. a. to notice,regard. Emi " ko bikita si won, "
I
do not notice them."

Bi-KOSE, Bi-KOSE-PE, Bi-KOSE-Bi,conj. but, except, unless.

"
Bikosepe mo lo, ki yi ofi fu 'o," Unless I go, he
will not give it to you."
BiLA (bi-ila),
v. n. to give place,as in a crowd (lit.to
push an opening). Bila fu mi, Give placeto me."
"
"

Bi-Lu, v. a. to push heavilyagainstanother.

BiNA-BiNA, s. abusive language.
BiNo (bi-ino),v. n. to vex, be angry. O bino si mi poju, "

"
He is very angry with me."

BiNo-jE, V. n. to feel grieved,be sorry.

Bi-OLORUN, adj.godlike, godly.

in a semicircle,
Bi-osuMARE, ^6/;. like a rainbow ; archlike.

BiRi, adj.occupying a small space ; within a small pass

com-

(appliedto land). Ille biri, A circumscribed"

"

pieceof land."
BiRi, adj.occupying an extensive circular space. Mo "

ra ille biri,"I bought a largepieceof ground."

BiRiiuRi,adv. very ; (intensive particleusuallyfollowed

by the v. Su, to be dark). Ille su biribiri, "'The land "

is utterlydark." Igbo biribiri,

okunkun
"
biribiri,
okunkun ni yio sette igbo, The forest is very dark ; "

the night is very dark : the darkness of the night is

deeper than the darkness of the forest."

BiRiGAMi, s. a square bag or wallet used by travellers and
traders.

BiRi-KOTO, s. a place.
small narrow

Blasffmi (Gr.),s. blasphemy.

Bo, V. a. and n. to peel,depriveof coveringor bark ; to

make a noise like a he-goat. Joseph "

bo ille babba re,
64
 BO

"Joseph strippedhis father's house." "

Epo iggina bo,
"
The bark of the tree peels." Ara " mi bo, My skin "

peels."
Bb,v.n.to be full of leaves,
rich in foliage.^Aba " ode mi bo
dudu, "The banyan-tree in my street is full of
leaves."

Bode, s. custom-house. " Obba ni igba owo bode, "

It is
the king who receives custom,"

BojiN, s. shade. " Joko ni bojin, "

Sit in the shade."
BojiN, Boji (ibi-oji),
s. grave, place of interment.
Bojuwo, Boju-To (bu-oju-wo), v. a. to have an oversight
of,take notice of at intervals. "
Bojuwo ille fu mi,
"
Take care of my house for me."
Bole (bo-ille),
v. a. to thatch,cover a house; rob a house ;
confiscate. " Obba bole enniti 9 se, "
The king fiscates
con-

the house of the offender."

BoLE-BOLE, 5. thatcher ; robber ; confiscator. " Ole bole-

bole ejikan "
a term of
reproach appliedto robbers.
BoLESEBi, BoLESEPE adv. if possible.Bole-
(bi-ole-sc-bi), "

sepe yi olo iba daraju, "

If it be possiblefor him to

go, it will be well."

BoMiwoN (bu-omi-won), with water.
v. a. to sprinkle

BoMO, Okabomo, s. white-grainedGuinea corn. Bomo "

yo larin baba,
"The (white-grained)bomo is con-
spicuous

in the midst of the (red-grained) baba."

BoMUBOMU, s. a tree, the leaf of which is pounded, and

used to curdle milk, as the leaf of the ore plant is to

ferment akara cakes.

Bora, v. n. to cover the body (as with a cloth).

BoRi (bo-ori),v. a. to overcome,
surpass. IJ9 kan ojo "

o bori oda, One "

day'srain makes up for many days'
drought."
BoRi (bo-ori),
v. n. to be the head, to be superior; to

have the upper hand.

BoRi-GBOGBo, pre}), above ; over.

/ BoRVKo followed63/Je (ba-oruk9),

v. a. to slander. " Otta
65 K
 BOT

enia ni iba oruko re je, "

He is an enemy who slanders
one's name."

BoTi, V. n. to tearhalf-wayopen.
BoTi-BOTi, adv. yi nsoro talkatively.Ommode
botiboti, "

i^ "This child prates very much." 'Qrp botiboti ko ye "

fun agbalagba, Pratingis unbecoming in an elder." "

Bo, V. a. to feed,maintain,support ; to beat the mud floor

of a houseslightly.B9JU (bo-oju)v. to
; to wash "

wash the face. Bora (bo-ara),v. to wash the body.

"

Bo, V. n. to drop, as a leaf or fruit from a tree ; drop

or fall from a loft ; slip; to fail in carryingout one's
point. Awo bo lowo mi, The plate sliptfrom my
"
"

hand." Ewe bo lori iggi,"A leaf drops from

" the
tree." Ommo kan" bo si kanga, A child fell into "

the well." "

'Oran na bo lowo mi, "
I failed in that
business dropped from me). (This
(lit.that matter

word is not applied to dropping of liquid.)

Bo, V. a. to take off any thing suspended looselyon a

pin or on the body. Bo aso si ille loriekan,"Take "

the clothes down from the peg." O bo aso lara mi, "

"
He took off my clothes."

Bo, V. a. to adore ; to worship false deities by sacrifices. "

Awon Keferi ama bo iggi bo okuta, "The Gentiles

worship wood and stone."

Bofolloived hy Laso, v. a. to strip. " Ma se bp mi laso,

"
stripme Do not of my clothes."

BoLOWo (bo-ni-owo), v. n. to escape get free from

or

(theenemy's)hand. "
I wo bolowo enia buburu, "You

escaped the hand of the wicked."

Bo, V. a. to insert ; pierce ; boil ; put on trowsers ; shake

hands. " Bo gbogbo eran na,
"
Boil all the meat."

Bo sokoto re, "Put on trowsers." Bo mi lowo,

"

your "

"
Shake my hand."

Bo, V. n. to return. " x\won ero bo lanna, "

The caravan

returned
yesterday." '

Boju, (bo-oju),
V. n. to wash the face. " Bi ko se ob9n
 BOK

enia,ta ni ibajilo oro ki 9 boju re mo sasa, "Who

ma

would awake in the morning without washing his

face,unless he were a dirtyperson T'
BoKiNNi, s. a neat, decent person.
BoLLA (bu-olla), V. a. to respect honour, regard. Bolla "

fun agba,awon ni babba enni, Respect the elders ; "

they are our fathers."

(used of intense blackness). ^"Ojo

BoLOJo, adv. beautifully "

dudu bolojo,"The rain-clouds are beautifully

jet
black."

BoNNi, s. a speciesof acacia used by tanners.

Bora (bo-ara),
v. n. to wash the body slightly; to strip

body of clothes, Emi nlo ibora li odo, I

the "
"
am

going to wash myselfin the brook."

Boro, adv. soon, immediately. K6 de boro, It does "
"
not

come soon."

Borukonu, wasteful
adj.profligate, stupid. ;

Bosi,'y. a. to enter. " Bosi drop into)the

ille, Enter {Jit.
"

house."

BowA, V. n. to come onward ; move towards one.

Bowp (bo-owo),V. n. to shake hands together.

Bowo (bu-owo),V. a. to regard,pay respect to, honour. "

Gbogbo illu li o bpwo fun wa ni ille yi, All people "

in this town respect us."

BoYA adv. perhaps,peradventure. Boya
(bi-oya), "
ma de
Ilorin ki nto pada si ehin, Perhaps I may "
reach
Ilorin before I return."

Bu, v. a. to broil or bake under hot ashes or embers.

" Mo bu isu metta nino eru gbigbona, "
I baked

three yams under the hot ashes."

BujV.w. to rot by mouldering,spoilthrough damp, decay.

Bu, V. a. to abuse, censure ; v. n. to burst out into a loud

cry ; to send out a stinkingsavour.

Bu, V. a. to take out a portion{e.g. of water, rice,
or any
thingin a mass). "
Bu omi fun mi ki nmo, "
Give me

some water to drink." "

Bu agbado fun esin wa,
i^7
 BtJ

" Fetch some corn for the horse." "

Bii isu die fun

omm9 de
yi, Cut some
"
yam for this child."
^h followedby Lu(beat),BuLU,'y.". to pour upon; ply
sup-
largely; blow upon vehemently;
(usedof the sensation produced by an
oppressiveatmosphere). Oru bulu "

mi ti, The "

heat overpowers me."

]/ Si (to),Busi, V. a. {primaryidea, to put

to); to add to,bestow upon ; bless. "

Olprun yi obusi i fun o, May God "

bless you!" or, "God will bless you!"

Je (eat),V. a. to bite. IW9 bu mi je, "

'

"
You bite me."
KuN (deficient),
v. a. to lessen ; to de-
spise.-

Gbogbo enia li o bu
"
u kun,
"All peopledespisehim."
Se (completed),v. n. to be almost
finished. " Ise mi bu se,
"
My work
is nearly done." " Ise re ibama bu se
V " " " "

ma ran o lowo, "Had your not

work been nearlycompletedI would

have
helped you."
BuBA (ibi-iba),
s. ambuscade ; lurking-place.Ahu "
won

ni buba, nwon sa lo, "We discovered them in their

hiding-place;they ran away."

BuBURu, adj.lewd, wicked, evil.
BuDO (ibi-ido),s. camp.

BujE, s. a plant which bears a round fruit. The soft

part of it turns black when exposed to the air,and is

used by the natives to give the appearance of tattoo-
ing.

\J Os9 onibujeko pe isan,oso oninabi ko ju odun

"

lo, Marks "

made with buje do not last more than
nine days ; marks made with inabi (a plant which
blisters the skin)do not last more than a year."
Bu-JE (ibi-je), s. a place to feed at ; stable ; manger.

BujoKo (ibi-ijoko), s. abode, dwelling,seat. Ommode "

68
 DA

Da followedhy Duro (tostop),to detain.

KojA (over),to pass over, neglect.

KuRO (away),to release,redeem, acquit.

Odamikuroninoewon, "He redeems

me (makes me away) from prison."

Laga (ni-aga,under weariness),to
weary.
Lara ( ara, under (?) the body), to
"

disappoint(causedepression(?)).
Laraya ( ya, to be lively), to enliven.
"

Lare ( are, justice),

" to justify,I wo "

da mi lare, You justify me." "

Lebbi ( ebbi,wrong), to condemn.

"

Lekun ( ekun, cessation), to forbid.

"

Lesse ( esse, foot),

" to stop from going
to a place.

Loju ( oju,the eye),v. n. to be sure ;

"

V. a. to disappoint. Ommo yi da mi "

loju, This child has disappointed

"

me {i.e. by its earlydeath)."

. ,
LoRo torment), to torture.
( "

oro, "

Masedaenialoro, "Tormentnoman."
Majemu (agreement),
to make a nant.
cove-

Meji (two), break, cut, mould.

to divide,

" O da isu meji, "He divides the

vams in two."
NiDAGiRi idagiri, alarm), to raise ("

fears. Ogun dii illu nidagiri,

" "War

frightenedthe inhabitants."
NiGGi (ni-iggi,under a stick), to beat.

NiJA ( ija,"
wrestle), to throw down in

wrestling. O da mi nija, He "

"

throws me down."

NiJiN ( " to frighten.Eranko

fear),
iji, "

da mi "A beast frightened

nijin, me."

70
 DA

Da followedhy Oruko (name), to mention one's name.

Si (by),to spare, reserve. "

Agbe da

irugbinsi, Tiie farmer "

puts aside
some of his seed."
^^". SiLLE to the ground),to
(si-ille, cause,
be the asfsrressor. "
Enia buburu da

oran sille,"A wicked man creates

dispute."
So to mention.
(talk), " Iwo ko gb9dd9
da oran na so, "You dare not men-

tion tlie matter."

.
to be whole, clever,wise.
SASA(soundly),
Oju ommode
"
yi da sasa, This "

child is very clever." Ara " mi da

sasa, "I am perfectly well."

Da, v. n. (The primary idea of this verh appears to be, "
to
be scarce or rare "); hence, to be a time of dearth ;

cease from
raining; flash (aslightning from a cloud);
be intelligent ; flower,blossom ; be well ; ferment. "

Oda da li odun ni, There is a famine this year." "

"Manamana nda, It lightens." "

Da, v. a. to cast, pour ; hence, to betray a trust ; slipa

child under the arm from the back. " Ore mi da mi,
"
My friend betraysme {lit.
casts me off)." Da "
ommo

re ki o fun u li ommo mu,

"
Slip your babe under

your arm, and give it suck."

\yk followed
hy No (away), to pour away, waste. " Da
omi buburu no,
"
Pour out the

dirty water."
Po (many),to mingle,join.
Ru (stir),
to confuse. "
Nwpn da eke
"
ru, They confound the liar."
Da, v. n. to upset,be poured out, be acceptable
as a fice
sacri-

(becausethe blood of the sacrifice is poured out,

or upset,on the ground);to be turned out of the right

direction ; to bend. "

Okko 9 da, "
The boat upsets." "

71
 DA

Ada mi da ida, My "

billhook bends very badly."-
Also used as v. subs.,to become. When used in this
sense it is changed into Di, for the sake of euphony,
before e, i,o, and all consonants. "
Kokoro di laba-

laba, " The grub becomes a butterfly."

Da, prep, (denotinga change of position),
over, round. "

Pa mi da, "
Turn me round."
Daba (da-aba),
v. n. to imagine,think.
Dabi, v. n. to resemble, be like.
Dabo, v. n. to cease coming. " -On ko dake ko dabo, "
It
does not cease."
Dabobo to defend, shelter.
(da-abo),!;.^. " Ille ni idabobo

ni, " A house affords shelter."

Dagba (di-agba),
v. n. to grow up, come to age, be old.

Dagbere, v. a. to take leave of,bid farewell to.

Dahun (da-ohun),v. n. to reply.

Daja, v. a. to serenade.

Daji, v. n. to rise a great while before

day.
Dajo (da-eJ9), v. a. to settle a matter, to judge ; appoint
a day, fix a time.

Daju (da-oju), adj.shameless ; certain, demonstra-

tive,
plain,
quick of discovery; v. to be sharp. O dajudanu, "

'o ko mo essan messan, (Though) you (appear)very "

sharp,you cannot tell nine times nine."

Daju-daju, adv. plainly,

evidently,
assuredly.
Dakaka (da-akaka),
cross-legged.
v. n. to sit

Dake w. tobe
(da-akke),^. silent,
to hush; adj.silent (an
euphemism for dead.") Babba dake, (My) father "
"
"

is dead."
Dake-roro (da-akke),adj.very still, very calm. Omi "

dakeror9, The water is very still."

"

Dako (da-oko),
v. n. to circumcise (an expressionto be
avoided in translations. See Kola).
Da-ku v. n. to faint away, to be at the pointof death.
Dakun (da-okun),
v. a. to prepare spun cotton for sale.

Dala, .s'.a coarse grass used for fences.

plaiting
72
 DAL

Dalare (da-are), v. a. to pronounce in the right,

justify.
Damoran (da-imp-oran), v. a. to give counsel,propose.

Da-mo, v. a. to strike violently with a stick.

Da-mu, v. a. to confuse,perplex,confound.
Dan, v. n. to shine, glitter ; be slippery; be good, be
right; v. a. to make bright.
Da^n foUoived hy Wo, v. a. to attempt, try ; tempt. Mo "

dan ise na wo, emi ko le ise, I tried

"

the work, but was unable to plish

accom-

it."
Dana (da-ina),
v. a. to make fire.

Dandan, s. a kind of used

talc, for mirrors by the natives
of the interior.

Dankare, Jankare (ja-ka-re), s. soldiers,

men of war.

Danilara (li-ara),
v. n. to vex, annoy, mortify.
Daniloju (da-enia-li-oju),v. n. to be sure, certain,
evident.
Danu v. n. to be able to speak fluently
(da-ennu), ; to be
talkative.
Dapara (da-ipara),
v. n. to grow callous.
Dapara, v. n. to sneer at, make a jestof one.

Dapo, v. n. to mix, mingle.

Dara, v. a. to make a new fashion.
Dara (da-ara),adj.good, handsome, fair.
Dara-dara, adv. well ; very good.
Daran (da-oran),v. n. to commit sin,transgress,tres-
pass.

Daraya (da-ara-ya), v. n. to be cheerful, lively.

Dari followedhy Ji (da-ori-ji), v. a. to forgive,pardon.
Daro (da-aro),
v. n. to be a dyer of blue.

Daro ( aro), v. n. to be anxious or concerned

" about
one.

Darudapo. indiscriminately.
v. a. to mix

(appliedto verbs of conceal-

Daru-daru, adv. entirely, ment.)
Ikuku bo illu molle
"
darudaru, "The fog
covers entirely."
the town
Daruko (da-oruko),
u. a. to name, mention one's name.
'

73 L
 DAS

L^
Dasa, 5. a small dish with cover. " Dasa mu abbe ni iyin,
enni nla li 9pon "
iye, (Though) a dasa givesthe stew

a neat
appearance, a bowl answers best for great men
(becauseit holds more)."
Da-si, v. a. to meddle with, intrude ; also,to spare, serve.
re-

Dasse (da-esse), v. w. to cease from coming or going to a

place,cease, stop.
Dasa (da-asa), v. n. to aim at too much ; to introduce a

new custom.

Dawo (da-owo),v. a. to put money together,to bute.

contri-

Dawo-esu, v. a. to pay money into a club.

savings' See
Itadogun.

Dawo-ode, v. a. to pay tax or publicrate.

Dawu (da-owu),
v. a. to prepare spun cotton for sale.
Dawole (da-owo-le), v. a. to lay hands on, undertake.

Dayele, Diyele (da-iye-le), v. a. to put or chargea price

upon ; to rate, estimate.
De, v. nt to come to, arrive at, reach ; to cover with a lid.
"
Ojo-de, "
There is rain coming."
De, p*e^. for. " Duro de mi, "Wait for me." " Sise na

de mi, "
Do the work for me."

De, v. a. to bind, shackle. " Nwon de mi ni sekeseke,

They put me in fetters."
"

Debbi (da-ebbi), v. a. to pronounce guilty,to condemn.

Debe (di-ibe),v. a. to arrive at a place, end a journey.

Debipa (da-ebi-pa), Febipa, v. a. to famish,starve.
Dede, adr. all right; adj.alike,agreeable, corresponding.
Ose dede,
" It is agreeable." "

Deiiun, (de-ohun), to close words ;)to agree, bar-

v. n. [lit. gain,

promise.
Dena (de-onna), v. a. to keep the road,stop the passage,

lay wait.
Dewo (da-ewo),v. a. to forbid (saidof ceremonial tions).
prohibi-

74
 DE

De, v. a. to ensnare, tempt, bait,hunt, encourage, pursue.

Ode nde igbe, "
The hunter is hunting in, tlie
busii."
T)e followedby Wo (tosee),v .a. to try, watch, tempt,
entice.
De, v. a. to loosen,slacken.
De, v. n. to ripen,to be soft,to be easy.
Dede, or Dedde, jorep, near, at at a short distance. OJ9
"

ti awa yio lo kun si dede, " The day of our departure

is near."
Dedo (de-odo),
v. a. to fish {litto hunt the water).

Degbe (de-igbe),
v. n. to go out hunting,to engage in the
chase.

Dehun, v. n. to sink the voice.

Deja (de-aja),
( eja),
to lay a dog "
on the scent ; v. n. to
" *

fish.
Dekun ( "
okun), v. a. to set a snare.

Dekun (da-ekun),v.
n. to cease, stop, yield.
Deni, v. a. to relieve,ameliorate,facilitate. "
IW9 deni

lara, "
You make us comfortable."

Denge, gruel made of Indian corn.

s.

Deredere, adv. (hanging) looselyand slovenly as if

ready to fall of
Desse (de-esse),
v. n. to stop, slacken one's pace. " 'Desse
duro fu u, "
Wait for him."
Deru v. a. to pack, to load.
(di-eru)
Deruba (da-eru-ba),u. discourage.
a. to frighten,

Dese (da-ese),v. n. to sin,transgress.

Deti (de-eti),
v. n. to listen,incline the ear.

Deti, v. n. to fail,come short of,be unable to perform,be

difficult.

Di, v.n. See Da.

Di, adj. less, short, deficient ; complicated,entan-
gled.

Di, prep, used with v. Sa, which see.

Di, V. a. to shut, close up ; parch,fry.
75
 DI

Di followedbi/Mo (close),
v. a. to shut in, enclose, en-
compass.

Di, V. a. to tie,bind, unite ; pack ; coagulate; chew bacco.

to-

TS\, hy Mu
followed (layhold on),v. a. to grasp, hold fast.

(conspiracy), RiKisi
v. w. to conspire,
cert,
con-

plan,plot.
DiBAJE (da-ibaje),corruption, v. n. to die,perish; get

spoiled, corrupt.
Did A, adj.(from Da), that which is to be delivered,re-leased,

made, created ; creation,the act of creating.

DiDA-ARA, 5. health,soundness of body.
DiDA-JO, ( ejo),s. decision of a case;
"
appointment of
a time or day.
Dtdan, adj.shining, bright.
DiDE, adj.that which is to be bound, shackled,watched.
"
DiDE, defect,
v. arise,get up. " Dide naro, Stand right."
up-

DiDE, adj.that which is to be baited or chased.

DiDE, adj.soft,ripened.
DiDi, verbal adj.(from Di),that w hich is to be tried.

DiDi, s. the act of tying or bindinga thing; plaitingof

hair ; a kind of game.

DiDON, adj.sweet, pleasant(to the eye, taste, or any

sense); 5. sweetness, flavour.
verb. adj.(fromDu), that which
DiDLlf, is to begrasped.
DiDURA, s. elfort made to keep from fallingwhen one

trips.
DiDURo, 5. detention.

Die, adj.few, some, little; adv. awhile.

DiFE, V. n. to blossom, flower.
DiGBOSE (da-igba-ti-ose),
adv. by and bye, tillanother
time.
Dioi,s. glass,
looking-glass.
Died s. piece of
(da-igo), cloth tied round the waist,an
apron.
^6
t
 DOD

strate one's self and keep the elbows does

close, thing
some-

for
is sure
{i.e. to benefit a man)."
one

Dodo, adv. very (describing the qualityof Ro, cool). "

Ewe na ro dodo, The leaf is quiteshrivelled." "

Don, Dun, v. n. to be hurtful to, grieve,cause regret,be

painful. Oran na don mi poju, That matter grieves
"
"

me much."

Don, Dun, adj. sweet, pleasant,handsome ; (used as a

participle),
pleased.
DoNMO, Dunmo, v. n. to be agreeable,
pleasant, delight-
ful.
" Ohun ti nwon se donmo mi iojo, " That which

they did pleasedme much."

DoNDON, s. a kind of drum.

DoGBA (da-ogba),
v.n. to be equal,right,correct, exact.

Du, v.n. to be black.

Du, r. a. to deny a request.

DuBULLE (da-ibu-ille),
v. n. to lie down.

DuDu, adj.black.
DuDU, adv. very fully,thickly. 'Ojo o "
su dudu, ''
The
rain clouds gatherquickly."
DuGBOLU v. a. to strike againstanother
(da-egbo-lu), intentionally
un-

as in the dark.
DuLUMo, s. calumny, slander. " Ma se gba dulumo enni

kan, "
Do not slander any one,"{lit. Do ''
not receive a

slander againstany one, to accuse him falsely

"). " lumo'
Du-

epa li oron ajebbioran

sese, woti, The slan-
der "

of the bean (sese)againstthe ground-nut(epa)

shall fall upon the sese's neck (shallrecoil upon self)
it-

; he who is in the w-rong {i.

e. deserves the

censure)must sit quietlyapart." The bean sese is a

climbingplant,the ground-nuta small herb.
Dupe (da-ope), v. n. to givethanks for kindness shown or

r ,
benefit received. Enniti ase li ore ti ko dupe aba se
"

'^ e ni ibi ko don o,

"
He to whom kindness is shown,
and does not return thanks, if evil is done to him he
will not feel that either {i.e.heis devoid of all feeling)."
78
 DUR

Dura (du-ara), v. n. to make an effort so as to keep from

falling at a trip. Mo dura gidigidi, I made

"
an
"

effort to recover myself"

DuRo (da-iro), v. n. to stand, stay,wait. Duro de mi, "

"
Wait for me."
DuRu, s. harp,fiddle,guitar. " Iwo ko ti igbo idi duru o

njo duke-dnke, "

Before you heard the strain of the
fiddle you commenced dancing merrily."

E.

E is used as a nominal prefixin the same way as A and

/: e. Ba,
g.verh, to touch ; "

noun, Eba, the vessel which

contains the ointment to be touched ; verb,L6, to

use ;
"

noun, Elo utensils.

E, jjer5.pron. he, she,it.

E-BA, .9. an ointment-jar,oil-jar.
Ebe, s. a heap of earth for the purpose of planting;
hillock.
E-Bi, s. vomit, matter thrown up from the stomach.

"/Ebi,s. hunger ; journey. " Ebi ko je ki apa owo mo, ebi

mu ino
papala, Hunger does
se
"
savingof not allow

money ; hunger makes the body lean." Ebi ko pa "

Imalle o li on ki ijeaya. When a Mahommedan is "

"

not pinched with hunger,he

says, I never
*
eat mon-
key
"

(flesh ;' which is ceremonially forbidden).

Ebi-npa v. n. to be hungry {lit.
to be killed by hunger).

Ebo, 'Abo, ^Edi, s. the act of bindingor tying.

Ebolo, s. an herb used as a vegetable.
E-BU, s. abuse,censure.
E-BU, s. yam seed.
Ebute, landing-place,
s. wharf.
Ede, s. language,dialect.
Ede, s. crawfish,lobster, shrimp.
Edi, Idi (ere-idi), 5. reason, cause, origin.
Edi, s. the act of binding,
Edi-di, s. cork, stopper.
79
 EFA

Efangelisti,s. (Gr.)evangelist.
Egake, Eganni, Eginni, tickling.Oke mi li agake; s. a "

or, Iwo rin mi li eginni, You tickled me." "

Egbe, s. perdition, loss,eternal loss. Ore Agbe se li "

OiFa odi egbe, The good, which Agbe (a well- "

known philanthropist among the Yorubas) did in (the

town) OfFa,is wasted (becausetheydid not appreciate

it)."
Egbe, s. a blessing, encouragement, support ; vindica-
tion,

contiguity; profit ; benediction.

Egbere, s. an evil spirit, supposed to wander abroad at

night,and to frequentthe woods ; name of a small
animal.

Egbin, s. a kind of deer.

Egbo, s. root of a tree ; adj.sore.

Egbo, s. husk peeled or rubbed off corn or beans ; corn

cleansed from the husk and prepared for eating.

Egbodo, s. plant.name of a

Egbon, s. flea,tick.' -Egbpn so mo ayinrinli ennu"ani ki

adire ki o wa iyan a je,adire mo pe ontikara on onje
ayinrin, "
A tick having fastened itself on the mouth
of a fox, a fowl was desired to remove it; but the
fowl well knew that she was food for the fox, as well
as the tick for her."

Egede, adv. only. Mo " bo ille tan, egede ki nye e li o

1 have covered the house ; it only remains

" to
kun,
complete the ridge."
Egun, Egungun, s. bone.
E-gun, s. an oath.
abjuration,
imprecation,
Egungun-Aiya, s. the breast-bone.
Egungun Iha, s. rib,rib-bone.
Ehase (eyi-ha-se),
adv. why ? wherefore ? how so ?

EiiiN,Eyin, s. tooth,tusk.
tooth.
Ehin-erin,s. ivory,elephant's
Ehin-ndon, v. n. to be troubled with tooth-ache.
Ehin-okankan, s. the fore tooth.
80
 EHO

Ehoro, s. hare ; an animal of the rabbit kind, usually

producing two young ones at a birth : it is remark-
able
for swiftness,
and has large ears and soft
fur,
which last is used by the natives as a charm against
fire. " Ehoro ni ti Oloffa li o soro, "
The (swift)
-ehoro
"
said,* I care for nobody but the archer.'

Ehu, s. birds of the palm kind, generallyfound in flocks.

Ehu-iyan, s. cold
pounded yam.
Ejano, s. passion,passionatefeelings.
Eje, adj.seven.
Eje-odun, s. the seventh month ; July. There are no

settled periods for the commencement of the weeks

and months in the Yoruba country. The English
notation will be introduced.

Eji,s. rain.
Eji, adj.two.
Eji odun, s. the second month
February. ;

Ejidilogun (eji-di-ni-ogun),
adj.eighteen.
Eji-la, adj.twelve.
Eji-LA-ODUN,s. the twelfth month ; December.

Eji-ka, s. the shoulder.

robber.
Eji-kan, s. thief,
Ejire, Ejie, s. twins.
I Ejo, s. serpent, snake. "
Ejd ommo oniwere, bi o ti wu
ki ase titi ako le iba ejo re, iggi ni gbogbo araiye

iy9 si i, However much "

a snake may try, no one

will be friendlyto that creeping thing(lit. child of

writhing); on the contrary, all mankind take up

sticks to it."
(strike)
Ejono (ejo-ino),
s. worm (internal).
Ekan, Ekanna, s. claw.
finger-nail,
Ekan-awodi, s. a pricklyshrub used as medicine for

destroyingtape-worms.
Ekan-Ekun, s. a prickly plant,so called from its

pricklesresemblingleopards'claws.

Ekan, s. new shoots from the stem or root of trees.

81 M .
 ekA

Ekan, pin on
s. which the woof is adjusted;any wooden

])in.
Eke,
^
s. falsehood,
downright lie. Eleke li eke iye, a "

ohiin ti aba se ni iye'ni, (As) any thing which a man "

is (in the habit of)doing is natural to him, (so)a lie

is natural to a liar." Pipe ni yio pe eke ko mu ra, "

The time may

"
be very long,but a lie wall be de-
tected
will not go to oblivion)."
at last ; {lit.

Ekeje (ek9n-eje), adj.the seventh.

Ekeji (ekon-eji), adj.the second, the next.
Ekiri, s. a kind of goat.
E-Ko, adj.hard, not soft,not tender ; (appliedto the herb
Ila, called also Okro). Ila ko. " Okro gets hard." "

E-k6,I-ka,E-ka-odun, s. the last month ; December ; {lit.

the closingor winding up of the year).
Eko, Oruko, s. name. " Oruko ti a?o ommo ni imo ommo li
" ""' """" """

ara, "The name given to a child becomes natural to it."

Ekolo, s. long worms, found in great numbers by the
side of brooks,but soon destroyedby the heat of the

sun if attemptingto crawl along the road.

Eku, s. rat.

^KULu, s. a kind of deer.

i\gba metta " ki isi ekulu ipe,
'w/ bi okan pe ekulu, ekejiani ekulu, eketta ani ekulu,
"
Three elders cannot all of them pronounce fail to

(the word) ekulu ; one may say ekiilu, another ekulu,

"
(but) the third wdll say ekulu {i.
e. out of many
counsellors one is sure to be right).

Ekun, Ekunkun, s. handle of a knife,sword, or cutlass ;

(not appliedto hoe or axe).

Ekun, s.protractedsickness. "
O se ekun dide die, " You
are then, to sit up
trying, a little duringyour illness ?"

Ekun, Erukun, s. the knee.

Ekuro, s. palm-nuts. Alejo bi "
okete li a ifi ekuro ilo.
'*A stranger,like the ground pig,is entertained with

palm-nuts,"(which are but poor fare). " Ate yun ate

wa li a ite ekur9 oju onna,

"
To be trodden upon
* ' '

82
 EKU

liere,to be trodden there, is the fate of the

upon
pahu-nut (lying)in the road."
Ekuru, s. a kind of very dry cake made of the ere (white
bean) ; otherwise called Kuduru. " O fon mi li oron

bi ekuru, "
He chokes me like ekuru," (saidof a

tedious visitor).
Ekuru, s. the mange in dogs ; the itch.

Ekuru, s. dust, fine dust. Erin ntu " ekuru, efon ntu

ekuru, titu ekuru ajannaku bo ti efon m9lle, " The

elephant makes a dust,and the buffalo makes a dust ;

but the dust of the buffalo is lost in that of theelephant."

Ekuse, s. a disease common to children.

Ekute, Eku, s. rat, mouse.

Ekute ille, s. domestic rat. " Ekute ille ko fi ibi ajaji
han 'ra won, "
The rat does not show its companion
the hole ceiling, in the
(into which it may fall)." "

Ekute ille ko ri ennuba ologbo wijo, The rat has "

no power voice)to call the cat to account."

{lit.
Ekuya, s. an herb used as cabbage.
Ele, s. force,violence ; hardness.

Ele, 5. interest ; that which is paid in addition to the

principal.
Ele, 5. a layer or course in mud or stone walls; height,
eminence iron,instruments of iron,weapons. Mo fi
; "

ele kejile ille mi, "I have added the second course to

my house." The cry of ^Ele denotes " All to arms !"

Elegbe (ni-egbe),
s. supporter, encourager ; repeater of
a chorus ; one who makes responses.
Elegede, s. pumpkin.
Eleke (ni-eke),s. liar.

Ele-ni-ni,s. despiser, calumniator, backbiter.

Eleri, (enni-ori),
Olori s. headman.

Eleri ( eri), s. unclean, pollutedperson.

"

Elerupe ( erupe),s. he who

"
possesses earth ; adj.
earthly; having earth.
Elevi ( eyi)detn. pron. this person.
"

83
 ELE

abundant
Eleso-pipo, adj.possessing fruits.

Elo, s. furniture.
utensils,
-^ Elo obije,spiceor other ingredients
s. used in cookery.

Elu-bo, s. prepared yams made into flour. Elubo se "

ogbodo ri,eru se ommo ni ille babba re, (As) the "

elubo was once a soft,unripe yam, (so) the slave

was once a child in his father's house."

Emi, Mo, Mo, Ng, pers. pron. I.

pron. I myself
Emina, 2)ei's.
Emi-na,5. a trailing plant,bearinga fruit on the stalk,
called the black potato.
Emirin, sand-fly. Emirin nje 'ni ko to iya, The
s. the "
"

^
(stingof the) emirin is not so sharp as poverty."
Emi-ti-kara-mi, refl.pron. I myself,I.
/ Emo, s. strange thing,wonder. "
Emo de, "A wonderful

thing happens." Ki emo ki o mo "

ni Ibese, ki

omase de Ijanna, Let the wonder stop at Ibese,and

"

not proceed to Ijanna;" (i. e. let the matter proceed

no further).Ibese and Ijanna,now destroyed, were

two frontier towns at which travellers enteringthe

Yoruba country successively paid tribute.
Emo, s. seeds of wild grass which adhere to clothes ; any

thingadhesive.
Emo-agbo, s. a grass, so called from its stickingon
sheep when grazing.
Ena,5.(/zY. the legsas
stretching in
walking); frequent visits
to person, as a
a signof regard. Bi ivvo ko li owo o 11
"

ena, bi iwo ko li ena li ohun li ennu, If you have

"
o rere

no
money (to give to a person in distress),
you may
pay frequentvisits ; if you cannotvisit,you may send
kind messages good words of the mouth)." Hence
(lit.
arises the title of Apena One m ho calls together." "
"

Ena-Awon, s. the flickering appearance of a rarefied atmo-

sphere

under the sunshine ; supposed to be an under-

ground
fire made by the tortoise to kill the trees by
burning them at the roots.

84
 ERI

Eri, Erin, s. dirt

filth, ; the husk of Indian corn after it

has been ground,used to feed cattle.

Eri, Ori, s. the head.

Eri-Ekun, s. the knee-pan.

Erigi, s. the gums.
Erin, s. the elephant. Ak\ iru "
eran erin lori ki ama fi

esse tan bearingelephants'flesh

ire nille,"No one

on his head should seek for crickets under ground ;"

e. The
(^". rich should not stoop to petty gains; ele-
phants'

flesh here denotingthe portionof the wealthy,

and crickets that of the poor).
Erinmi, s. whale ; hippopotamus.
Erg, s. caravan ; travellers ; traders ; consideration ;

pondering; nit. "

^"Ero ko jewo imota tan, bi o ba bi
I trader confesses that he
"
i, ali oferi die, "The never

has sold all his goods ; but when asked, he will (only)
say, (Trade) is a little better." Prov.
[fif. xx. 14.)
s. a kind
Erokojikasi, (ero-ko-je-ikasi), of sweet plum.
Eru, s. deceit,double dealing,craft.
Eru, s. lime, ashes ; adj.ash-coloured,grey. " Enniti o da
r^
eru li eru ito,"Ashes flyback
(always) in the (face)
of him that throws them."

Erukuku, s. pigeon; (more usuallycalled Eivele, which

see.)
Erun, s. generic name for the ant tribe. " Owo li owo

ika,opo li opo erun,

"
The ant ika moves in ranks ;

all others move in irregular

swarms order is the
;"{lit.
order of the ika; multitude is the multitude of erun)."
Erun-Dudu, s. the black ant.

Erupe, 5. dust, earth.

EsA, s. the red ant.

Ese, s. cat.
EsE, s, shea nut.

preparationfor
EsE, s. provision, the future.

EsEj'EsE,."?.coloured liquidused by tanners; dye; paint.

EsE-iVEYE,s. yellow colour.
86
 ESI

Esi, s. answer, reply.

EsTn, s. kind of a tree.

Eso, s. fruit(ofa tree),opposed to Eta, a bulb or tuber,

"
lyan ni imu 'ni ijeeso iggiki iggi, " Famine pels
com-

one to eat the fruit of all kinds of trees."

Esu, s, a wild grass, not unlike the sugar-cane.

EsuE, s. disordered stomach ; nausea.

Esuo, 5. antelope.
EsuRu, s. a kind of potato like a yam, of very yellow^
colour and bitterish taste.
EsE how
(eyi-ti-se, does it be ?) adv. why ? what is the
matter ? what is the reason ?

EsE, s. See ^Ese.

EsE, gleaning. Ommo

s. wa li oko, " Our children
"

pese
glean in the farm."
Esi, s. mistake, accident,casualty.
EsiNsiN, EsiN, 5. a fly. "
Esinsin ko mo iku, jijeni ti re,
*'
The flyheeds not death : eatingis all to him."

Esisi, s. the leaf of a plantwhich, if touched, blisters the

skin.

Esu, s. devil ; Satan. ita,

'Esu ko ni iwa ako ille re si
j "

As "the devil has no (kindliness of)disposition, his

house is made for him in the street (by itself)."

Esu, s. the w^hite ant : after undergoing two previous

changes, it assumes its perfectform about the com-
mencement

of the rainyseason, when it is furnished

with wings. These wings drop off*after a few hours,
and the helpless insect becomes the prey of birds and

reptiles,besides affordinga favourite food to the

natives. Also ; a locust. Ki esu ki o yin eiye,esu "

fo ni ijokan soso iye re re, The white ant may well "

admire the bird,for after flyingone day, it loses its

wings." " Ko si ohun ti 6 po to esu, bi o ba 'o ni ille

a ba li oko, "
There is nothing so numerous as the
locusts : they meet you in the town and in the field."

Esusu, Esusu, s. leech.

'87
 ESU

Esusu, running pricklyplant.

s. a

EsuwA, s. former time, adj.the former.

Eta, Eta, s. rough parts of flour separatedby sifting
;
soreness in the gums.

Ete, s. intention,thought,consideration. " Ete 11 egbon,

ero li aburo, opbon ino 11 o se eketta, "
Consideration
Is the first-born,
calculation the next, wisdom the
third." " Aimete aimero nl imu enla melFa isinirba
"
egbaffa, Want of consideration and forethought
made six brothers pawn themselves for six dollars."

Ete, s. lip. "

Ennu imo 'nu, ete imo ete ni iko oran ba
ereke, " (A) mouth not keepingshut {lit.
to mouth),and

lipsnot keeping close bringtrouble to the

to lip),
(lit.
jaws."
Ete, 5. morsel, fragment. Ki yio fun " 'o li ete," He shall
not give you a fragment."

Eti, s. the ear, edge,brink, brim ; name of a tree. "

Eti,
gbo ekejiki o to daJ9, Ear, hear "
the other (sideof
the question) before you decide."

Eti-0d6, s. beach, water side.

Etille (eti-ille),s. neighbourhood,environs.

Etu, s. an old farm nearlyexhausted.

Etu, s. that which is stript off; discoveryof a plot.
Etutu,5. that which givessatisfaction,propitiation;ment,
atone-

pacification.
Etutu, s. the small kind of white ants.

Ewe, childhood,childishness.
s.

Ewe, s. leaf,foliage.
Ewe-Eti, s. convolvulus : so called because its sap,
mixed with nut-oil,is
remedy for sore ears. a

Ewe-Ina, s. a shrub with a hairyleaf,producingsevere

blisters if touched; used among the ingredients for

poisoningarrows, and in preparingvarious medi- cines.

EwEKEWE, s. herb ; (generalname for)leaves.'

Ewo, pron. which ?
88
 EWO

Ewo, 5. time, season.

Ewo-ERUN, dry season. s.

Ewo-ojo, 5. rainyseason.
Ewo, s. prohibitionto eat ; aversion to.

Ewu, s. danger,imminent danger ; narrow escape.

Ewu, s. gray hair.

EwuRA, s. a kind of soft yam.

EwuRE, s. goat. Ewure je o "

re ille,agutan je ore ille,
ajeiwa ille ba eledde je, goat has fed it
"
When the

returns home ; when the sheep has fed it returns

home ; not returninghome after feeding,ruins (the
character of)the pig."
EwuRo, 5. a bitter herb used for food.
Eyi, Eyiyi, pron. this,this one.

Eyin, Ehin, s. tooth,tusk.

Eyina, dem. pron. that ; he who ; the same.

Eyini,pron. that,that one.

Eyiti, pw?. the* one which; any one. "
Eyitio ri ni ki

omu,
" Take what you see."

Eyitatinwiyt, adv. immediately; lit.as we were talking.

E.

'E,pron. ohj.case ; him, her, it.

Eba, s. brink,edge.
Ebado, s. sea-side, sand-beach.
river-side,
Ebbe, s. entreaty,supplication.
Ebbi, s. wrong, condemnation.

EbTri, s. a largequiver.
Ebiti, s. a kind of stone snare ; an insecure cliff.

Ebo, s. sacrifice,offering.Ada " ebo fun gunugun, o li on

ko ru, ada ebo fun 'Akalla o li on ko ru, ada ebo fu

o gbe ebo orubo, Sacrifices were prescribed "

eiyelle,
to the turkey-buzzard, but it refused to offer them ;
sacrifices were prescribedto the 'Akalla vulture,but
it also refused: when sacrifices were prescribed to
the pigeon,it offered them." A tradition said to

89 N
 EBO

account for the two former remaining unclean,

while the last is domesticated and used for sacrifices.

Ebo-Alakoto, (enni-akato,
persons with a basket),s.
The basket-sacrifice. A human sacrifice,
so called in
order to conceal its real character : it is occasionally
ofFered for the whole nation, when the victim is
sometimes killed,and sometimes kept alive in chains
to sweep the idol's temple.
Ebu, s. house, placeof abode ; kiln.
Eburu, 'Onna Eburu, s. back path,back door.

JEbun, s. gift.
Eda, s. flower,blossom ; interest paid on money ; natural

; inclination
propensities ; instinct.
Eda, s. a kind of rat, remarkable breeding.
for fast

Edda, Ida, s. nature ; the act of creating; creature. "

Eledda edda li Olorun ida 'ni," God made difTerent

creatures difTerently."
Edan, s. the Ogboni staff.

Edalle, s. traitor,
one guiltyof a breach of faith.

Ede, s. name of a tree.

Ede, s. ripefruit ; adj.soft,yieldingto the touch.

Edogun (arun-di-ogun), adj.fifteen.
Edo, s. liver : inward motion of affection. " K6 bino

eru, ko ra edo ommo,

"
He is not angry on account of

slaves,nor peevishon account of children."

Edofofo, s. irascible,
easilyprovoked.
Edon, Edun, s. twins generallygiven
; a name to one of
twins ; ape ; four-fingered
monkey.
Edon Dudu, Edun Oriokun, s. a kind of black and very
agile monkey, generallyfound by the sea-side or

among mangroves.
Edon, s. axe, hatchet.

Edon, s, pain of
grief, mind.
Efa, s. a kind of trousers.
Effa, adj.six.
Effa-odun, 5. the sixth month ", June.
"

90
 'EFF

Effe, s. fun,jest,
joke,mockery.
Efe, s. fault-finding,
captiousness.
Efi, Efin, 5. smoke.
EFo,5.a kind of herb used as food. " I wo ko ri akasu o npata
si efo,"You have not yet obtained the loaf,and you be-
gan
to prepare
your efo stew." Didon li 9 don li a nba "

9re jeefo ti ille enni to ni ije,"

Because (friendship) is
pleasant,we partake of our friend's entertainment,not
because we have not enough (toeat)in our own house."
Efokko, s. a wreck.
Efon, s. the leaves which surround the ear of Indian
corn ; arrow used for crossbows.
Efon-Iha, s. rib.
Efon, s. buffalo. " Aobara to efon ma la iwo, "
A man

may be
strong as the buffalo,
as yet he has no horns."
Efufu, s. breeze,gale,tempest.
Efufu Nla, 5. storm, tornado, tempest.
Efun, s. chalk.
Ega, s. the palm bird. " Enniti ko gbo ti ega ali ega
"
npatoto ennu, He who does not understand the
palm-bird's
note, complains of the noise it makes."
EgaApaso, s. a speciesof palm bird.
Ega, Elenga, s. common grasshopper. ^Ega Alatam-
poKo, Alampara, s. a large kind of grasshopper.
Ega Oris a, 5. speciesof grasshopper.
Egan, s. a dense native forest,
never cultivated.
Egan-Osusu, pricklyforest. s.

Egan, 5. backbiting; contempt.

Eganran, s. raw, unripefruits.
Egba, adj.two thousand.

Egba, s. the palsy; a disease which withers the limbs.

Egbara, s. a kind of rat, remarkable for swiftness.
Egbin, s. filthiness,
dirt.
Egbe, s. prepared beans.
Egbe, s. company ; rank ; party ; band of soldiers ; panion
com-

; equal.
91
 EGB

Egbe, s. the side from the arm -pitto the waist,loin ;

adv. alongside.
Egbedogbon, adj.five thousand.

Egbera, s. equality.
Egberi, s. one uninitiated into the secrets of the gods ;
one in darkness concerninga matter. " Mo pa iwo
li egberi, ^'
I puzzle you."
Egberun, adj.one thousand.

Egbessin, s. itch ; measles ; a tree used as medicine for

pimples.
Egbegberun, adv. by thousands.

Egbon, adj.elder, eldest. "

Egbon iwaju,alugb9nbabba,
^'An elder brother is like a father."

Egbon, s. that which is to be shaken off; shaken.

Egbon Owu, s. carded cotton, cotton prepared for spin-
ning.

Egboro, s. young dog ; calf,lamb, kid.

Egge, s. a snare ; a trap suspended on a tree and set by
a string,which kills whatever comes under it if it
touch the strinoj. E^ore "
ko so okl, enniti o bo si
abbe re a pa a ku patapata, '^ egge The never fails ;

whatever comes under it is struck dead."

Eggi, s. a ram s mane, prepared and worn as an ment

orna-

on a dog's neck ; the collar for a dog's

neck.

Eggo, s. name of a plant.

Egusi,s. seeds of the Bara.

Egun, s. thorns, prickles. Enni "

gun ni ise laka-

egun
laka to alabbe, "
He who is piercedwith thorns must

limp off to him who has a lancet." " Asare nino egun
ko se lassan,bi iwo ko le ejo,ejo li o nle 'o," A

man does not run among thorns for nothing ; either

he is chasinga snake, or a chasinghim."
snake is

Egun-ikoko, s. thorns of a plant, used by hunters as

arrow-heads.
Eha, s. jacket,waistcoat.
92
 EKK

because is poor, but eventuallyadopted on

he the
failure of all other plans. Cf.Eccl. ix. 16.)

Ekke-aja, s. beam, joist.

Ekke, s. trust,confidence,affiance.
Ekke, s. cheek, jaw. See Ereke.
Ekejo adj.the eighth.
(ekon-ejo),
Ekerin( erin),adj.the fourth.
"

Ekessan adj.the ninth.

( essan), "

Eketta adj.the third.

( etta), "

Ekettadilogun ( di-ni-ogun), adj.the " seventeenth.

Ekewa ( evva),adj.the tenth.
"

Eko, s. Indian-cornmeal, also called Agidi.

Eko, s. teaching,
instruction, doctrine.
Ekokanla (ekon-okan-le-ewa), adj.the eleventh.
Ekon, Ekun, supplement. s.

Eku, s. snare made of bush-rope.

Eku, s. a runningplant,very much like Ajara.

Ekuku, s. a very viscous vegetable.

Ekule, 6*. back yard.
Ekun, s. cry, weeping.
Ekun, s. cessation,prohibition, pause.
Ekun, s. the leopard; region,neighbourhood,waste. "

Akamo ekun o riiiyonnu, It is difficult to encompass"

a leopard."

Elebu, s. occupierof a house, tenant ; owner of a kiln.

Ela, s. a small piece severed from a larger; adj.cloven.

Elebbe, s. advocate,intercessor, pleader.
Eledde, ,s'. domesticated pig, swine. "''Imado iba se bi "

eledde abilluje, eru iba jobba enia ko kiin,"A wild

boar, in place of a pig, would ravage the town ; and

a slave, made king,would spare nobody."

Elefi, s. that which produces smoke, chimney ; a steam

ship.
Elefo, s. one who deals in the herb Efo.

Elegan, s. despiser,slanderer.
Elegba,
'
s. saviour,helper,succourer.
94
 ELE

Elegba (enni-igba),
s. a paralytic(lit one whose linibs
have been seized).
Elegbara, s. god of mischief,Satan.
Elegbe-Ina ( egbe),s. a bird that
" hovers over the flame
when the bush is burning.
Elegbe, s. the owner or sustainer of a
company.
Elege, adj,delicate,tender.
Elegodo, s. a coarse plaincalico.
Elekerede, adj.infirm, weak, delicate.
Elekun, s. mourner.

Elemmi, s. a livingman (lithe who owns breath); ser-

vant

(because his master's breath is at his mercy).

Elemo (oni-emo)s. seller of palm wine.
Elemoso (enni-mo-oso),s. one who has taste for neat-

ness, judge of dress and decoration.

a

Elenga, s. grasshopper.

Elepe,Elepere (enni-ipere), s. a kind of soft Indian corn.

Eleri ( eri),s. witness,eye-witness. Eleri ni iwajo,
"
"

eleri ki ise elegbe, A witness speaks the truth ; a "

witness does not take (the liar's) part."

Elessenille ( esse-ni-ille), s. one having a firm foot-
" ing,

powerful person.
a

Elese, s. sinner,offender.
Elesin, s. rider,horseman.
Elettan, s. deceiver,dissembler.
Eleya ( eya),s. ridicule,
"

contempt.
Eleye, s. a person for whom clothes are made to order.

Eleyinju (eyin-oju),
s. a person having large eyeballs,
one with prominent eyes.
Elewa, s. a handsome person ; one who sells a ration
prepa-
of Indian corn, called ^Ewa.
Elew^on, s. one who wears a chain,a prisoner; jailor.
Eliri, Eluru, s. mouse.

Elomtran, Eloml, /jraw. another.

Elu, s. indigo; mixture. Elu-iwase, s. small-leaf digo.
in-
Elu-ogbo,s.broad-leaf indigo(aclimbingplant).
* ' '

95
 ELU

Elulu, 5. kind of brown-feathered bird.

Emeji adj.twice.
(ara-meji),
Emi, s. shea-butter,tree and fruit. "
Kuduru li emi iso,
"
The fruit of the shea- tree is round."

Emmi, s. life,
breath,spirit,
influence. " Ki Olorun ki ofu

'9li emmi gigun,*^ May God give you a long life !" "

Emmi abata ni imu odo isan, '^

The influence of a

fountain makes the brook flow."

Emmo, s. a kind of brown rat.

Emo, palm wine.

s.

EmewX (enni-mo-ewa),s. prime minister he

(lit. who
knows the mind).

Emu, s. tongs ; capture, seizure. " Emu balle agbede,

"
The tongsare the governor in the smith's shop."
En, adv. yes, so.
Ena, s. an inversion of the order of letters, syllables,
words, or sentences, under which the sense is cealed
con-

changed : occasionally
or employed by parties,
who may wish to communicate and to dis-
privately, guise
the sense from the bystanders; e.g. De mi

babba, "Cover me, father,"employed to signify

Babba mi de, " My father is come."

Eni, s. mat. " Te eni fun mi ki ndubulle, "

Spread a mat

for me to lie on."

Enni, pi'on. Enniti, jwon. one, he who, a person, the

person w'hich. " Enniti o ran 'ni ni ise li a iberu, aki

iberu enniti aran 'ni si, "
He ought to be feared who
sends you on a message, not he to whom you are

sent."

Ennikan, 2)ron. one, any one, a certain person ; one of

two, one of many.

Ennikeji, partner,companion, neighbour.
s.

Ennikenni, Ennitowu, pron. whosoever, whoever, any,

either. " Ennikenni ti iwo ba ri, "
Whomsoever you
see." " Ennitowu ki 0 se,
"
Whoever it be."

Enni-Ipe, s. a person called,summoned, or invited.

96
 ENN

Ennirere, s. a good person.

Enniti-adatan, adj. (lit.one completely or perfectly
made, insomuch that favour is bestowed on
every
him), happy, blessed.
Ennu, s. mouth ; opening.
^N^\jfollowedhy Ra, (toperish)v. n. to have no tite.
appe-
"
" Ennu mi ra, My appetite
mouth) fails."
(lit.
Si (open),v. n. to have appetite,
enjoy
food. " Ennu mi "
si, My appetite
returns ;" (lit.my mouth opens).
Ya (open),V. n. to wonder. " Ennu
"
mi ya (siunderstood)
won, They
wonder at me."

Ennu-ya, (See the previousword.)

v. n.

Ennu-kokoro, s. bill,beak.
Ennu-Onna, s. gate, doorway.

Ennu-osoro, s. the eaves.

"
" " " " /

Ennu-soro, s. long beak.

Enyin, pron. ye, you.
Enyin-na, pron. yourselves.
Enyintikaranyin refl.
(enyin-ti-ika-ara-nyin),pron. you
yourselves,you.
Epa, s. ground-nut ; ^Epa Bisan, s. the oil ground-nut ;
^Epa Roro, s. the red ground-nut.

Epox, s. testicle.
Epon, ripeness; flattery.
s.

Eran, s. the templesof the head. Mo "

fi owo le eran,

nwo won li oju, I rest my temple "

upon my hand to

watch their proceeding."

Eran, s. meat, flesh,beasts ; Eran-Agutan, s. mutton ;

Eran-Eledde, s. pork ; Eran-Galla, Eran-Agbon-

RiN, s. venison ; Eran-malu, s. beef.

Eran-Abekanna, s. carnivorous animals with claws ;

from
(distinguished those which have hoofs).
Eranfun, s. a largeanimal of the buffalo kind.

97 o
 ERA

Eranko, s. wild beasts.

Eranla, s. ox, bull,cow.
Eri, s. witness, testimony. Eri "
je mi nso,
"
The dence
evi-
bears me out."

Eri-Eke, s. false witness.

Erin, adc. (usedonlyin composition), times ;"e.g. '^

^Erinmeji, "Emeji, twice; 'E.metta,

three times. Cf.
Ara.

Erin, adj.four.
Erin-Odun, s. the fourth month ; April.
Erin, s. laughter. Bi " aba sor9 tan erin li a irin,
bi aba

yo tan orun ni ikon 'ni," When a joke is uttered, it

creates laughter; when one has eaten to the full,he
falls a-dozing."

Erindilogun, adj.sixteen.
'Eru, s. fear,dread.
^Eru followedby Ba, v.n. to be afraid,to fear,to be

dismayed. ^Eru " ba mi, '^

I am afraid,"(lit.fear
fell upon me).
Eru, s. the handle of an axe or hoe ; (notappliedto any
other tool).
Eru, 5. load, cargo, goods. Aki "
ipe e li ki ape e li
eru

oso,
"
What is a load,should
(really) not be called an

ornament."

Eru, s. slave,captive. Erii "

ko se ommo iggi,eru ku

iya ko gbo omm9 ku igbe ta, eru se ommo ni ille iya

re ri,"A slave is not a senselessblock of wood (//^.
child
of a tree): when a slave dies his mother hears thing
no-

of it,but when a child dies,there

(free-born) is
lamentation ; yet the slave, too, was once a child in
his mother's house."

Eru, s. a kind of spice; plant used for washing hide-

a bound
animals ; a medicine provocativeof appetite.
Eru-ibille, s. a home-born slave.

.Ereke,
/ Eke, s. cheek, jaw. " Ereke ni ille erin, "
The jaw
is the house of laughter."
98
 ERO

Ero, s. skill,art, contrivance.

^Ero, s. softness,easiness,gentleness.Bi iwo "
ko fe li ero

iw9 afe li ele," If you do not consent readily,you will

(be compelled)by force."

Ero-pessepesse, exceedinglygentle. Ero pesse-
adv. "

pesse ko mo bi ara nkan igbin, (You may say "

that it is only a) gentle(stroke; but) you do not

recollect that it hurts the snail."

Erre, s. mud, marsh, bog.

Erun, Ewo-erun, s. the dry season.

Erun, s. chip,broken pieces,crumbs.

Erun, s. the name of a tree ; much used in
making char-
coal,
and also as a medicine both internally
and ex-
ternally

: an excessive dose acts as a poison,against

which shea-butter palm-oilserve as antidotes.
and
There is a superstition that a fumigationmade of the
bark of this tree drives away evil spirits
and sickness.

Esan, Essan, s. payment vengeance,

; revenge, retaliation.
^Eson, s. accusation ; law-suit.

Essan, adj.nine.
Essan-Odun, s. the ninth month ; September.
Esse, s. foot, path, track.
Esse, s. thingsarrangedin a line.
row, order ;

Esse-Esse, adv. orderly, in rows.

regularly,
EssiN, Essi, s. shame, reproach,ridicule ; secret. " Ma
fi essi mi han, my secret."
"
Do not reveal

Esso, s. carefulness, gentleness.Ohun ti afi esso "

mu ki
ohun
ibaje, agbara mu
ti afi ni ini 'ni lara," A matter,
dealt with gently,is sure to prosper; a matter, dealt
with violently,
causes vexation (to its author)."
EsE, s. blow with the fist; a broken part of any thing
slender.

EsiN, s. spear. "

Esin ri ogun jo,oko ri ogun o yo,
"
At
the sight of the battle the spear quivers: at the

sightof the battle the lance rejoices."

EsiN, s. horse ; Esin-Oye, s. grey horse.
'99
 ESO

Eso, s. smelted iron.

Esse, s. sin, crime, offence, iniquity.
Esse-Obra, s. treason, crime againstthe sovereign.
Eta, s. bulb, tuber, under-ground fruit,as the yam and
potatoe ; head of maize ; the act of extension ; coarse
flour.

Etta, adj. three.

Etta-Odun, s. the third month ; March.

Ettala, adj.thirteen.
Etta, s, a kind of leopard. " Mo so awo etta mo idi, o
ki yi ota mi, "
I have tied the etta skin round my
waist ; you cannot sell me :" (i.e. I have the tion
protec-
of powerful friends; you cannot involve me in
ruinous law expenses.)

Etta, s. remains of a dead body. " Bi enia enni ba ku li

okere apa etta re wa ille, "
When a relative dies at a

distance,a small fragment of his remains (such as his

hair is brought home," over
nails)
or which funeral
rites are performed.

Ettan, ^Etan, 5. enticement, decoy,deceit,dissimulation,

guile.
Ette, s. disgrace,shame, reproach. Asonmo di ette, "

okere ni idon, "Familiaritybreeds contempt; dis-

tance

secures respect."
^Ette, s. leprosy. " Amu 'ni se essin ette ti imu 'ni li
"
agogo imo, Leprosy, desiringto disgracea man,
attacks him on the tip of the nose ;" (said of one
who tells another's faults in public.)
Ett], difficulty,
s. failure in performing one's wish ; a

standingstill.
Etton, 6". branch, bough.
Ettu, s. guinea fowl, check cloth. See Aso-ettu and
Awo.

Ettu, s. a kind of deer.

Etu, s. gunpowder ; medicinal powder ; that which lieves
re-

pain.
100
 FA'

F.

Fa, X). a. to wipe, shave, clean, scrape. " Mo fa 'ri ommo

mi, "I shave my child's head." "

Ako le ifa'ri lehin

olori,"You cannot shave a man's head in his absence."

VkfollowedbyIlle (ground), to gatherearth into small

heaps (forthe purpose of cultivation).

Ille oko ti awon agbe fa o po, The
"
"

ground which the farmers have pre-pared

is sufficient."
La to lick up, lap. Imogunju9 li
(lick),
4 afi ifa pbbe la, With the fore-finger
"
"

one licks up the palaver-sauce."

Fa, v. a. and n. to draw, lead, pull; crawl (as a snail) ;

be viscous ; ebb, abate, diminish.
"\ followedh\jMora (mo-ara,close to the body), to
embrace.
Sehin towards
(si-ehin, the back),to
draw back. " I wo fa iggisehin, "
You
draw the wood back."
Ti (aside), to draw aside. " Fa eyi ti ako
fe ti si apakan, "Draw that which we

don't want aside."

Fa, Fati, rt6?i;. without

freely, restraint; leisurely;
ex-
ceedingly.

"
Arin fa li oju akegan, ayan kasa li oju
abu 'ni,abu 'ni ko li okowo ni ille, " A man walks at

his in the presence

ease of his defamer ; a man steps
proudly in the presence of his abuser ; (when he
knows that)neither of them has {Jit. the abuser has

not) twenty cowries in his house."

Fadaka, s. silver. " Fadaka babba oje,wura babba ide,

/ "Silver is the father of lead,gold is the father of brass."
Fajere, s. the dawn. (So called by the Mahommedans.)
Fajuko (fa-oju-ro),v. n. to look sad, be displeased.
Fari (fa-ori),v. a. to shave the head.

Fari, s. display, parade,boast.

102
 FAS

Fasehin, v. n. to draw keep back, abstain from.

or

Fati, v. n. to draw aside,keep aside. Bi nwon ko " ba fe

ni 1S9 nwon
o fati si apakan, "
If they do not want

you in their company, go aside."

Fatelle, s. a small canoe.

Fe, adv. for ever ; long,a long time. "
Kanrinkanrin f6,
"A very long time."
Febipa, Debipa, v. a. to famish.

Fefe, s. confident boasting.

Fere, s. asthma.

Fere, v. a. to sip.
Fere, Ifere, s. flute,
trumpet.
Ferese, s. air-hole,aperture in a house, window.
Feriballe (fi-eri-ba-ille),
v. n. to surrender {lit.to put
down the head), submit to ; worship,adore.

Feribo, Foribo ("

bo), v. n. to venture, dare. "
Ipon ri
iku o feribo o, "
The spoon is not afraid of scalding
water ; (lit.
seeingdeath, ventures its head into it)."

Feriti,Foriti (fi-ori-ti),
v. a. to endure ; persevere.
Fetisi ( eti-si),
v. a.
" to listen,hearken.

Fetisille ( "
ille),
v. n. to listen, incline the ear, listen
with great attention.
Fe, v. agree, be willing,
a.io like,love ; consent, want,
wish, incline,desire ; woo, court.
Fe folloived
hy Je (eat),
v. a. to seek for something to

eat; to take meals.

KuN (deficient),
v. a. to miss a thing,
lose. " Mo fe ewure mi kun ni ijetta,
goat three days ago."
"
I missed my
Fe, x". n. to blow (as the wind); love,wish,will,consent. "

Afefe nfe ara tutu, "The wind blows; the body is cool."
Fe, v. a. to fan,winnow, blow the fire. " Ewiri ni ife ina
agbede, "
The bellows blow the blacksmith's fire."

Fe, v. n. distort the face at work ; breathe heavily.

Fefe, Ferefere, adv. nearly (usedof time). Ojo wa kun "

fefe, "
Few of our days remain."
103
 "
FEF

Pefe (fe-efe),
v. a. to seek occasion to find fault; be sorious.
cen-

Feiiinti (fi-ehin-ti),
v. n. to recline, lean the back on.

Fe-idi, v. a. to investigatea secret matter.

Fejefeje, food,provision,subsistence.
Feju (fe-oju),
V, n. to blow much, blow vehemently.
Feju, v. n. to look sternlyor with distortion of the face.
"
Afeju toto ko mo okonri, (Much) gesticulation "

does not prove manliness."

Felefele, adj.soft,of fine and delicate texture.
Felefele, Belebele, adj.thin and fiat,elastic.
Fennukonu (fi-ennu-ko-ennu), v. a. to kiss ; agree.

Fennusi ( si),V. a. to answer, reply to ; meddle with.

"

Fere, adj.light, not heavy ; adv. almost, nearly.

Fe-rekoja, v. n. to blow vehemently. Afefe anna fere- "

koja,"The wind of yesterday blew beyond mea-

sure."

Feri, v. n. to be less hot,cool a little.

Fi, verbal prefix,used only in composition,conveying
the idea of putting, or leavingin a place. It givesa
definite verbal meaning to the word in conjunction
with which it is employed ;
e.g. Fi aso sille,
"Put the
clothes down." " O fi mi si oko, "
He left me in the
farm." The i often is contracted Fetisi,for Fi-
; e.g.
ETisi, to listen to, incline the ear.

Y\ followedhy Balle (ba-ille,

to touch the ground)v. a.

to do away with, to put away.

Bo (dip),
V. a. to soak, steep,dip.
Bun (give),v. n. give,grant.
Eran-rubo, v. a. to sacrifice a beast.
FojuAiYE (fu-oju-aiye,
to give up to the
world),V. a. to deliver up to be gazed
upon by the
public.
Fun (give),
v. a. to give to, to ofier.

" "
FuNi(giveto one).iJ.a, togive,to present
to one.
104
 FI

(gbo-ina,
Fi/oUoivedb^GBO'NA at the fire),v. a. to warm

a thingat the fire.

Ha (suspend), v. a. to hook on, hang on a

pin or between a forked stick.

Han (appear),v. a. to show, exhibit,reveal,
discover ; direct.
Ji (to),
v. a. forgive,
togive as a favour.
Jewo aiye (je-ew9-aiye,
a prohibition to the

world), V. a. to condemn to death, de-

prive
of the of
privileges life.
Jona (burn), v. a. to burn in the fire ;
scorch ; consume to ashes.

Je (eat),
V. a. to eat, devour ; make king, a

or headman ; placein post of authority

;

reign,govern.
Ka (upon),V. a. to place one thing upon
another.
K6 (hang),v. a. to hang up on a pin,rope,
or hook ; hook on.

KoN or KuN (addition),

v. a. to add to,aug-
ment.

Le (place),
V. put, lay upon
a. to ; deliver

up. " Fi kinni na le mi lowo, "

Deliver
that into my hand."
Mo (on),V. a. to suspect; attach to. "

Okonri na fi oran na mo mi, "

The man
"
" " "

suspects me of that matter."

OW9-TA (touch slightlywith the hand),

V. a. to search ; touch
slightly carelessly.
RE(curse),v.a. to curse, execrate; imprecate.

Ro (swing),V. a. to hang, suspend.

Ro (sprain),v. a. to sprain.

Ron (chew),v. a. to devour ; masticate : Ron

(dip),V. a. to dip into sauce.

RuBO (ru-ebo, make sacrifice), v. a. to sacri-
fice.

105 p
,
 FI

Fi San
followedbi/ (pay),v,a. to estimate, value.
San-owo-kan (estimateat a cowry),v. a. to

contemn, treat with contemptuous lence.

si-
" Iwo ko da mi li oliun,o fimi san

owokan, '^
You did not answer me,

you despisedme."
Si V. a. to put, add
(to), to. "
Fi omi die si i,
"
Put a little water to it."

SiLLE (si-ille,to the ground),v. a. to put

down ; acquit, release,leave,forsake.

SiNO (si-ino, to the mind), v. a. to put into ;

keep in mind, harbour in the mind. "

Fi eyi sino re,

"
Put this into it."
Sin 07' SiNsiN (secretly),
v. a. to hide so

as not to be traced in any way, conceal.

SoLLE dash on
(so-ille, the ground),v. a. to

strike down ; lay the foundation of a

house.

Son (accuse), v. a. to accuse, complain of.

Se (do),v.a.to change,constitute,appoint,
establish.
Selleya to ridicule),
(se-eleya, v. a. to cule,
ridi-
mock. Ma fi mi selleya, Do
"
"
not

mock me."
Sessin (se-essin,
cause disgrace),
v.a.to spise,
de-

bringinto publicdisgrace.
Sura (su-ara,collect near),i^ a. to treasure
up, lay by.
Ti (by),v.a. lean against; suspend a mat-ter

; fix finally.
Tore (ta-ore,detach a gift),
v. a. to give
away as a present,make a present of.
We (twist),V. a. to compare, resemble,
illustrate ; enwrap.

Fi, v.a. to swing, wave to and fro, be unsteady,incline

to one side. Iggiti mo
" ru fi siwaju,spn o sehin die,
106
 FI

"
The wood which I am carryingis too far forward ;

push it back a little."

Fi, aux.v. were, did. "

Nigbati iwo yio ha fi I9,ta li o

wi fun, "
When you were going,whom did you tell?"
"
Nigbati ofi fi fun mi, iwo ko ri i, " When he
did give)it to
{lit. me, did not you see it ?"
gave
Fi, prep, by, to, with .

FiDiBALLE (idi-ba-ille),
v.n. to sit down.

FiFAYA, adj.torn, rent in pieces.

FiFi, FiNFiN, adv. dimly,darkly; s. the dawn, twilight.
FiFO, adj.blind ; broken as a vessel.
Fi-FUN, s. FuN-FUN, adj.whiteness, the white part ; adj.
white .

FiFUNi, v.a. to grant,vouchsafe,give.

Fi-K ANN AK ANNA, V. a. to sliuga sHng.
FiLLA, cap, country cap like a
s. a night cap. Filla

Abeti, Eti Aja, a cap with two flapsfor the ears.

Filla Jofolo, hunter's cap.

a

Fin, v.a. to engrave, mark calabashes or bowls ; fill a

hole with smoke, smother ; seek so as to find out

something.
Fin A, s. a thin piece of leather cut length-wise(such as

is inserted in the handle of an umbrella).

Finiga, {Eiig.),
s. Vinegar.
FiNJu (fin-oju), V. n. to be clean,neat, snuggy, tidy.
FiNRAN ( oran),u.w. "
to aggress, seek occasion for dispute.

FiOFiOjacZv.exceedingly high,(conjoined with the adjective

Ga). llle giga fiofio,An exceedinglyhigh house."

"
"

FiRi, adv. far, greatly,much ; qualifying verbal adjec-

tives.
llle yi ga ju tiwa lo firi, This house is much
"
"

higherthan ours."
Fitilla, s. lamp.
FiYEDENo (fi-iye-de-ino), v. a. to be patientunder tion
vexa-

or grievances.
FiYESi (fi-iye-si), v. a. to attend to. Fiyesiohun ti o "

"
nse, Mind what you are doing."
107
 FIY

FiYEsiNi (fi-iye-si-ni),
l\ h. vouchsafe,

Fo, V. n. To fiy(as a bird),jump, skip,leap; beat (as

the heart from fear),pass or break off (as rainy
clouds),pass over." ^Ojoo fo, "
The rain passes off."

"
Aiya fo mi, My "
heart beats."

Fo, V. a. to feel (emptinessor loneliness).Ofo "

9mm9
mi fo mi," I feel loneliness on account of my child's

absence."

FoFo, s. foam. "

Fofo fo li oju omi, "
The foam floats on

the surface of the water."

dazzling. Wura
FoFO, adv. glittering, "
njo fofo nino awo
fadaka, "The gilding inside the silver plate glis-
tens."

FojisoN Yon followedhy Son,

(fi-oji-son). v. a. to sue or

accuse for adultery.

FojuDi, -y. a. to be saucy,

(fi-ojudi), to be insolent.
Foju-KAN-wo (fi ),V. a. to squint. "

Foju-PE (fi ),V. a. to wink with the

"

eye, beckon.
Foju-To (fi ),V. a. to superintend
"
.

Fojusi (fi ),V. a. to attend to.

"

FoLOFOLo, s. the lungs,the lights.

FoRiBALLE (fi-ori-ba-ille), v. n. to bow the head, submit ;

adore, worship.
FoRi-si,V. a. to pay attention to.
FoRESiGGi (fi-ore-se-iggi), s. an ungratefulperson ; one
who does not acknowledge kindness, but returns evil
for good.

FoRiTi, Feriti (fi ),V. a. to endure, persevere. "

FosoKE, (fo-si-oke), v. n. to jump, skip,float. Omm9de "

fosoke fun ayo, The child jumped for joy." "

FoYA, V. n. to fear, be dismayed. Mo foyajojo, I was

"
"

very much afraid."

Fo, v.a. to wash clothes ; wash by rubbing or scrubbing,

rub hard with water and a brush or the fibres of

plants; speak,talk a language.

Fo, V. a. and n. to break a vessel ; destroy a town or

108
 FOW

tFowoLE (
"
le),V. a. to take in hand, place the hand

againstor upon. O fi ijafun Olorun ja fowole eran,

"

"Leave the battle to God, and rest your head upon

favourite proverbof one of the Yoruba
your hand;" a
Chiefs.

FovyroLE-ERAN, againstthe temple

V. 11. to placcthe hand

while the elbow rests on the thighor on the table.

FowoRANO, interj. Hush ! Patience ! F9worano, ma je ki "

oran na ki o don 'wo, let not the matter

Be patient, "

grieveyou."
Fu, adv. at once, quickly (qualifying Dide, to arise). "

Dide quickly."
fu, " Arise
FuJA, s. brag, empty proud boasting. ^Mase "
fuja mo,
" Do not boast any more."

pit-a-pat(used with the verb njo,

"
FuKEFUKE, ach. to

palpitate," to describe the increased action of the

heart produced by running). Aiya mi njo fukefuke, "

"
My heart is palpitating."
FuLE, adj.soft.
FuLEFULE,[ac?v. softly.
FuLUFULu, s. the leaves which enclose a head of Indian

corn (sometimes called Epo, Aso) ; a term usually

appliedto it when ripeand dry.
Fun, Fu, prep, for,to, on behalf of. "
Se kinni yi fun mi,
"
Do this thingfor me." " O wi fun mi, ^'
He told it

to me." Ofi fun mi, "

He it to me." Often used
"

gave
elliptically. Fun mi, (Give) to me."
"
O fun mi li "
"

aso meji," He (gave)me two piecesof cloth." Fun "

u li owo oja re, (Give) him money for his goods."

"

Fun, Fu, followedhy Nisese, v. a. to employ, to give

one work to do.

Fun, -y. a. to be white. " Owu na fun rekoja, "

The cotton

exceedinglywhite."
is

Funfun, Fufun, adj.white.

FuNLE-FOLORUN (fun-illc,fuu-olorun, lit. for the earth's
sake and for God's), adv. of one's own accord, of one's
110
 FUN

own choice. " Mo se e funle-folorun,I "

do it of my

own choice."

Fun, Fon, v. a. to strew, scatter, sew ; squeeze, choke,

bind tight.
FuN-KON, FoNKON (fun-ikon),
v. a. to dischargemucus.
FuN-OMMO, FuN-WARA, V. a. to milk.

Fun, Fon, v. n. to grow thin,abate. " Ommo na fun poju,

" child is very thin."
The

FuRA(fu-ara),v./2.tobe suspicious.O nfura bi elefo tette, "

"
Hesuspicious
is as the seller
as of the herb tette."

FuRA, FuLA, s. a cool beverage made from Indian corn

or rice mixed with honey.

FuRU, adv. quietly.
silently,
FuTEFUTE, adv. (usedwith
easily the verb ja,
"
to break,"
to describe the with wdiich any fragile
ease texture is

torn). " Aso njafutefute,"The cloth tears very easily."

FuYE, adj.light,
not heavy. "
Eru ti emi fuye ju ti re lo,
"
My load is lighterthan yours."

G.

Ga, s. a title of office.

Ga, v. n. to high, tall,lofty(qualified

be by the adverb

ga fiofio, The
"
very "). Iggi arere
"
FioFio, " arere

tree is very lofty."

Gagaje, Adere-odo, s. a tree found near the water, many
of W'hose roots ground. are above
the verb Ha,
Gaga, adv. closely(qualifying to
press or

squeeze). Aye ha gaga, The room "

"
is crammed
full."

Gagalo, 5. stilts made of bamboo or other kind of wood,

from six to twelve feet long,used by native show-
men.

"
Gagalo subu owo te opako, (When the man
"

on then the
the) stilt falls, hand (of another)gets
possession of the bamboo ' (of which the stilt was

made) ;" appliedto any aspirantwho monopolisesfor

awhile some desired which, on his overthrow,
object,
111
 GAL

falls into the hand of some one else ; Cf. '

Pride will

have a fall.'
Galla, deer,stag.
s.

Gamugamu, s. a long sharp hatchet used by warriors.

Gan, v. a. to sew coarsely
; cut a strike with
forest, the

pointof a thing;take by little at a time. " Gan as9 yi

fun mi, Stitch this cloth for me."- E 'ma gan obbe,
"
"

"
Do dip your sop too deep into
not the dish ; (lit.

ngan igbo, We
"
Dip the sauce by little)." Awa are "

cuttinga forest." I wo gan mi li okoto, You struck

"
"

me with the pointof your top."

Gan, v. a. to contemn, despise,backbite. Enniti a ko fe "

li a igan, E[e who is not loved will be despised."

"

Gan, Gangan, adv. upright,straight, exactly, perpendi-

cularly
; the middle of the day ; very. Balogun "

duro gangan loju ogun, "The war-chief stood up-right

in the face of battle."" Alejo ba mi li ossan
"A stranger came to me in the middle of the
gangan,
day." "

gangan,
"
The knife is very sharp."
Obbe mu

Gangan, s. a small bit or drop (appliedto soup, sauce,

stew). Bu omitoro gangan si i fun mi, Give me
"
or "

a little more soup." " Son gangan le e li 9 wo, "Give

him a small bit."

Gangan, s. drum, w^ar drum. "

Gangan ko ni saworo,
"
The gangan is destitute of ornament bells)."
(lit.
Ganganrangan, adj. very large; bulky and high. "

Akuko ganganrangan,
"
A very largecock."

Ganigani, despiser,contemner.
s. a

Ganran, adv. straight, direct. Ma lo li okankan ganran, "

"
Go on straight forward."

Gari, s. saddle. (This word seems to have been rowed

bor-
from the Haussa or Nufi.)
Gariki, Ganiki, s. (Haussa)shield.
Gba, v. a. and n. to
sweep, cleanse ; slap, strike with a
stick or something flat ; drift. Iggi ngba kiri nin9 "

omi, "
The about
stick is drifting in the water."
112
 GBA'

Gb.\ followedby Kmi (about)to be driven or tossed

about."
Mora (closeto the body),v. a. to brace.
em-

Mu, V. a. to hold, to grasp, gripe,

seize. " Mase gba enniti o yo obbe

mu,
"
Do not lay hold of a man

who has drawn a knife."

Gba, v. a. to take, admit, deliver, save, rescue ; receive ;

help ; strain
wrap in leaves.
;
Gba followedby Adura (prayer), v. n. to pray to God ;

(notapplicable to false gods).

DuLUMo (slander), v. a. to slander, ac-

cuse

falsely.See Dulumo.
Gbo (to hear),v. a. to believe,obey.
Idaraya (exercise), v. n. to take ex-
ercise.

La (to save),v. a. to save, rescue, liver.

de-
"
Nigbati mo b9 sino omi,
apoti ti mo dimu li o gba mi la,
""
When I fell into the water, the
box which I held saved me."
Lejje (ni-ejje,by blood),v. a. to bleed,
cup. Onisegun gba okonri na
"

lejje,^' The doctor cupped the man."

Lowo (by the hand),t\". to help, de-liver

; shake hands. "

Gba mi lowo,
"
Shake my hand."

.
,
NiYANJU (ni-iyanju,
encouragement),
V. a. to encourage, exhort.
Pada (back or return),
v. a. to receive

back. " Gba ada re pada, ^'

Take

your billhook back."

Gba, adr. loudly, (describingthe sound produced by

slamming a door). "
Mo se illekun o ro gba, The "

door slammed when I shut it."

113 Q
 GBA

Gbagbandidi, s. adry uncut calabash.

Gba-gba-ro, s. the edges of the roof projectingover the

walls,eaves.
Gbagbe (gba-igbe,
to receive oblivion),
v. a. to forget,
neglect.
Gbai, adv. vociferously, loquaciously.Obiri
very, "
na

nso gbai, The woman is always brawling."

"

Gbaja v. n. to bind
(gba-oja"), oneself with a girdle.

Gbajamo, s. trade of a barber.

Gbaje, Gbejje (gba-ejje),

v. a. to take blood, cup,
bleed =

Gbajumo ( oju-mo),adj.neat, decent, clean (applicable

"

persons only). Gbajumo enia, He is a tidyper-

"
to "

son."

suitably,
Gbako, adv. exactly,fitly, precisely.Mo "
gbe
"
ibe li odun kan gbako, I remained there exactly
one year."
Gballe, Gbille (gba-ille),
v. n. to increase,
overspread,
extend.

Gbamgbam, adv.
tightly,compactly. Di okete re "

"
gbamgbam, Tie your load togethertightly."
Gbangan, s. a spaciousairyroom, hall.

Gbangba, s. a plain,open place ; demonstration ; adj.

plain,open, evident.
Gbani, Igbani,s. (proi)erly)aspan,
(used also to signify) a

cubit. Mo lu aso na ni gbani meji, I tw^o "

"

gave
measures to the cloth."

Gbara, v. a. to boil parboil.

slightly,
Gbati (gba-ti), V. a. to crowd after.
Gbawe (gba-aiwe), v. n. to mourn for the dead ; fast.

Gbe, v. a. and n. (jminaiyidea, to lift), to move, accom-

[^ plish; be, abide ; be lost,perish. Aki ida owo le "

ohun ti ako le igbe, A thing which cannot "

be ac-complished

(lit. lifted) should never be undertaken."

"
Igbo li eranko igbe, Beasts inhabit the forest." "
"

Ommo mi gbe, My child is lost." "

'

114
 GBE

Ghi followedhi/Ga (to be high),v. a. to raise or lift

make much
up, magnify, exalt, of,
advance in rank.
Ha (tosuspend),r. a. to hang or place
Gbeeru mi ha li pripalaka,
upon. "

"
Suspend load upon the bough
my
of the tree."
Ka (upon) V. a. to set or place upon.
"
Gbe apotika ara won, "Place the
boxes one
upon another."
Kalle (upon the ground),v. a. to put
down. " Emi ko fe igbe agbon mi
kalle, " I do not wish to put down
my basket."
KuRO (away) v. a. to take from, move.
re-

"
Gbe okuta kuro li oju onna,
"Remove the stone out of the way."
Ml (toswallow),V. a. and n. to swallow,
absorb, be lost in the midst of other

things. Adire gbe owokan mi, "The

"

fowl has swallowed a cowry."

Soke (si-oke, on top),v. a. to lift up,

hoist,set up, exalt,magnify;support.
Sanle (san-ille, to dash),v. a. to dash

with violence. "

Ekute ille ni ti enni-
ti 9 pa on ko don on to ti enniti 6 gbe
on sanle," The rat said, '
I do not feel

so much offended with the man who

killed me, as with him who dashed
"
me ground afterwards :' (i.e.
on the
who added insult to the injury).

Gbe, v. n. to be contiguous,advantageous, helpful to ;

annex ; be difficult. Nwon ko ille gbe ara
"
won,

'^The houses are built close to each other." "

Ohun

elege ki igbeibaje, "A delicate thing is easily{lit.

not

difficult to be) injured."

115
 GBE

that.
Gbe, conj. (Thisparticle givesthe force of the past
tense to the verb which it precedes.) -Niwaju afin li "

"
awa gbe ko'ra wa, It was in the front of the palace
that we met one another."
Gbede n. to understand
(gbo-ede),!;. a language; know ;

be sagacious.
Gbedegbevo ( gbo-eyo), s. an interpreter.
"

Gbere, s. leave-taking, farewell,salutation.

Gbero v. a. to consider,
(gba-iro), intend,purpose, late,
calcu-
reckon.

Gbe, adj.dry. "

Omi gbe li odo Sokori, "
The Sokori
brook is dry."
Gbe, v. n. to sharpen (a stick)
; to make a noise,or cackle
like a hen.

Gbedu, s. a drum beaten in honour of the king or great

men.

Gbedugbedu, adv.
extensively
; coveringa largespace, as

water. "
Omi 'Ogun kon gbedugbedu, "The'Ogun
water spreadsextensively."
Gbejje v. a. to bleed.
(gba-ejje),
Gbekkele (gbe-ekke-le), v. a. to trust or depend
upon.
Gbenagbena (gbe-onna), carpenter,sawyer; one who
s . a

works in wood.

evenly. O
Gbengbe, adv. flatly, " te aiya gbengbe, "
He
has well-expandedchest."
a

Gbengbe, adv. largely. Adire gbengbe ige,"A fowl with

"

a largebreast."

Gbengbegbengbe, adj.very large,bulky,fat,heavy ; (ap-

plied
to fowls or other birds.)

Gbessan (gba-essan), v. a. to take vengeance, revenge,

retaliate.
Gbese (gba-ese),
v. n. to incur guilt.
Gbi-gba, verbal adj.that wliich is to be received,folded
in leaves,or strained.

Gbi-gbe, verbal adj.that which is to be carried ; s. a loss.

Gbi-gbo, verbal adj. that which is ripe; s. maturity.

116
 GBO

Gbojule (gbe-oju-le),
v. a. to fix the eye upon ; to put
confidence or trust in.

Gbolohun (gbo-ni-ohun), s. a word, a mere word. " Mo

gbolohun kan, I spoke a singleword."

"
fo
Gbona (gbo-ina),v.n. to be warm, hot.

Gbongbo, s. root ; bottom of a matter.

Gbonu (gbo-ennu),
v. n. to deny, insist on in opposition
to advice.

Gboro, adj.wide, broad.

Gboro, Igboro, s. a snare for beasts.

Gbonju, v. n. to arrive at an age when the memory begins

to develope itself; (a term marking a particular
periodof childhood.)
Gbo, v. n. to hear, attend, listen.
Gbo, v. n. to flourish,grow luxuriantly.
Gboddo, aitw. V. dare not, shall not, must not.

Gbon, v. n. to be wise, clever, sensible,cunning,crafty. "

Enniti o gbon iu 'ni lo ni ite 'ni ni Ifa, (The priest)

"

who is more craftythan another, induces him to

adopt the worship of Ifa."

Gbon, v. n. to bale out water; strike with a stick or

fist.
Gbon hy
foiloived Lese fist),
(ni-ese, v. a. to smite with
the fist,box.

Gbon, v, n. to shake be
violently, in adverse circumstances,
agitate.Mo gbon "
li 9W0 mo gbon lesse temi tan, " I
am reduced to extreme poverty ; My
(lit. hands and

feet shaken.")
are

G'"h^ followedhy Kanakana, u a. to sling.

On gbon
Lo, v. a. surpass, exceed.
to "

mi lo, " He is greater than I."

"
Gbon, v. a. to move to tears. " Ekun gbon mi, I was

moved to tears."

(appliedto depth). Koto jin

GB0NGB9N, adv. very
"
na

gb9ngbon, "
The pitis very deep."
Gbongbon-Gbongbon, adj.clumsy.
118
 GBO

Groro, s. sprouts of the pumpkin, called also Isi.

Gboro, adj. long and slender. "
Iggi gboro, "A long
slender stick."
Gburo (gbo-iro),
v. a. to hear of. " Awa gburo won lanna,
"
We heard yesterday." of them

Gburu, adv. in torrents, violently, without cessation. "

'Ojonro gburu, The rain pours in torrents." "

Go, V. a. to puzzle,perplex. Oran na go mi jojo, That "

"

word puzzled me very much."

Go, adj.stupid, dull.

Go, V. n. to be long and slender (as grass) ; stoop, hide

in a stoopingposition. O go lehin okuta nla, "He "

hid himself behind the largerock."

GoGGO, -5. horse's mane ; casting of lots (a children's
game
played with pieces of grass, of which one is bent:
he who draws the bent one is called guilty) ; a hooked
stick used for pluckingfruit off trees.

GoGGOwu, s. a large country cloth,a sheet.

GoiGOi, adv. untidily,
sluggishly.
GoMBo, 5. a small iron spoon snuff.
retailing used for
GuDEGUDE, s. cloudiness, damp atmosphere. Gudegude "

ko je orun ki 9 ran, Clouds prevent the sun from "

shining."
GuDUGUDU, s. a poisonouswild yam. Gudugudu kan li "

egbo kanrinkanrin, The gudugudu is very acid at "

the root." Gudugudu ko se ibe elubo,

" The "

gudugudu will not do to be made into flour,"

Gudugudu, s. a kind of small drum producing a tenor

sound.
Gudugudu, adv. in a scramblingway.
GuFFE, V. n. to belch,eruct.
Gun, Gu, v. a. to beat, pound, stick with a pointedthing,
pierce; u. n. to come to harbour, anchor, land. "

Okko meji gun loni, "Two vessels arrived day."

to-

Gun, Gu, adj.long ; v. a. to mount.

119
 GUN

GuNLE (gun-ille),
v. n. to land ; run ashore ; run

aground.
GuNRON ( iron), v. n. to recline
"
on a cushion.

GuNUGUNU, s. the turkeybuzzard.

GuNYE (gun-iye),
v. n. to be fledged. A won ommo "

eiye
ko to ifo,sugb9n gbogbo W9n gunye," All the
young
birds are fledged, but they cannot flyyet."
Gusu, s. {Hanssa)south.

H.

Ha, s. amazement, astonishment. " Ha se mi si oran na,

"
I wondered at the matter."

Ha, v. a. to lock, wattle a house, get entangledbetween

woods or in a narrow passage, to be crowded or

straitened. "
Aye ha fu mi gaga,
"
I am much
straitened for room."
\{k followed hy Laye (ni-aye),
v. a. to throng,squeeze,
press for want of room. " Awon enia
ha mi laye,nko le iwo ille, I "
am

pressedby the people,I cannot go

into the house."

Mo, V. a. to lock,block up, keep in,en-

close.

Ha, v. a. to bruise,scratch, scrape.

Ha, adv. indeed, then
(usedemphatically in interrogative
;
and negativesentences.)Nkan wonyin ha ri behe "

bi, Are these thingsindeed so '?" Nkan wonyin ko

"
"

ha ri behe ba, No indeed,they are not." "

Ha, adv. {emphatic)

no indeed,{alwaysfollowedhy Ba). "

Ki ihci se emi ba, "

Not I; no indeed."
Ha! of surprise.
iw^er/.expression
Halle v. n. to boast,brag.
(ha-ille),
Hamora (ha-m9-ara), v. n. to put on armour, be bered.
encum-

Han, v. n. to be unfruitful,
sandy,worn out ; v. a. to scrape

gently.
120
 HAN

Han, v. n. to appear, be in sight,be visible.

Han, v. n. to scream. " Ommo de yi ban goro, "This
child gave a shrill scream."
Han followedhy Lemo
(ni-emo),v. a. to treat one badly.
Hanahana, Hanyiiianyi, adj. coarse, rough, uneven.
Hanna, s. an idiot,madman, fool ; a wicked person, a

vile person.

Hantuuu, or Hantu, v. a. {Haiissd)to write.

He, v. a. to gather togetherthingsscattered,to pick up
one by one. "
^Awa nhe ere li oko, "
We are ing
gather-
beans in the farm."
He, E, s. Sir, Madam ; (respectfulanswer made by
females to elders or superiors).
Hevi, s. Sir,Madam; (respectful
answer made by males
to elders superiors). or

HiiiA, verbal adj.that which is to be scraped; scraped.

Hiiia, verbal adj.narrow.
^n\^, verbal adj.that which is to be picked up.
HiHo, verbal adj.that which is to be stripped off, or

peeled as the fibre of trees.

Hinu, s. conduct, behaviour.

Ho, v.n. to boil, ferment, bubble, froth,foam; make a

noise,shout. " Ose nho putu, " Tiie soap lathers well."
H6, V. a. to peel off (the rind of yams or fruits).
Ho, Ha, adj.narrow, strait. " -^Onna ho, esse gba eji,
ko

"The path is too narrow to admit two feet (sideby side).''

Ho, V. a. and n. to scratch ; peel off bcirk ; run, turn tail.
Ho, adv. not, (used often for Ko).
Ho, inierj.
a contemptuous exclamation.
Hoiio, s.abirdlike the crow with white streaks on the head.
Hoiiu, Howu, interj.
a w ord expressingsurprise. Holm "
!

Iho ti ohii li esin akun u ; (a play on the word

Hohu untranslateable).
HoNRUN (h9n-orun), v. n. to snore.

Hu, V. n. to shoot, germinate; rot, as clothes,rope, or

wood ; come to notice.

121 H
 HU

lit IwA, IIuwa,

followedbi/^ v. n. to behave, conduct
oneself.

Hu, V. a. to pull out of the ground, disinter that which

was buried.
Hu hy Iko, Huko, v.n. to cough.
folloivcd
HuMO (hii-imo),
V. n. to think, meditate, originatea
thought.
Hun, s. the grunting of the pig ; a contemptuous pression.
ex-

HuwA (hu-iwa),v. See above, Hu followedhy Iwa.

HuYE (hii-iye),
v. n. to fledge.

I.

T,used as a nominal prefix,givingto the radical verb to

which it is of an action still
prefixedthe signification
in progress ; e. g, "
v. Ba, to hide, "
s. Iha, the act of

hiding. See E.
a verb
ohj.case,{?iheY
\,2iron. ending with i) him, her, it.
Mo
" fi iggiti i, I pushed it with a stick." Ki i "
"

molle, Press "

it down."
Iba, s. a hit, the act of meeting, a coming in contact

with ; a lucky chance. " Iba ti mo bii a ko se iba,

ojurere, I did not meet "

him in a happy condition."
Iba, defect,
v. had, would have. "
On iba de emi alo,
"
Had he come I would have gone."
Iba, Igbona-ara (gbo-ina),s. fever. " Iba li o da mi
bulle lati anna wa,
"
Fever has prostratedme since

yesterday."
Iba, s. the act of hiding,ambuscade; the act of plaiting
or weaving coarse grass into a mat.

Ibade, s. accordance,suitability.
IbadI (iba-idi),
s. hip,jointof the thigh.
Ibafin,s. eunuchs. See Bafin.
Ibaiyeje (ba-aiye-je),
s. the act of spoilingthe world ; a

turning the world upside down.

122
 IDA

InAJE,(ba-je), s. the act ofeating,associating,ordealing witli.

Ibaje, s. the act of destroying, spoiling, or corrupting;
injury,corruption. Ibajeisu ni ibajeobbe. Enniti o "

se ibajeenia, o se ibajeara re, The badness of the "

yam is (laidto) the badness of the knife (but it is

soon discovered that it is the yam that is in fault ; so)
he who injuresanother (only)injureshimself."
Ibaje-Ino, s. grief,
sorrow.

Ibaka, s. mule. "

O' ni ika nino bi ibaka, "
He is as born
stub-

as a mule."

Ibakasie,s. camel ; also called Rakumi {Haussa).

Iballe (ba-ille),s. flow of a garment, the loose part of a

dress,a train ; quietness, settlement,

Iballe-oko,s. a stone's cast.
Ibalogun, Balogun (9bba-ni-ogun),
s. captain, head
warrior,officer, war-chief.
Ibalogun-orun, s. centurion, captainof a hundred.
Ibalo (ba-lo);
s. the accompaniment.
act of going with ;

Ibaluwe, s. a wash-house. Ibaluwe gbe ille se bi akuro, "

'^
A sculleryis a part of the house, but (yet)it is (as
wet as)a garden by the waterside."
Ibamolle (ba-mo-ille), s. ambuscade.

Ibanije ( enia-je),
"
s. the act of pollutingor corrupting.
Ibanise ( se),s. the act of helpingor actingwith.
"

Ibante, s. an apron worn by males ; Ibante Alayekan,

s. a- kind of narrow apron ; Ibante Etiaja, s. an
apron made in imitation of a dog's ear ; Ibante

Gambari, s. a kind of apron introduced from the

Haussa country ; Ibante Olojumeji, s. a kind of

apron with two openings; Ibante Salala, s. a rior

supe-
kind of apron. " Salala babba ibante, "Salala is
the chief {Ut.father)of all aprons."
Ibapade (ba-pade), s. a chance meeting.
Ibaptismu, s. (Gr.)baptism.
Ibare (ba-re), s. the state of beingfriendly
with,friendship.
Ibasopo ( "

so-po),s. communication, communion with.

123
 IB A

Ibatan ( tan),s. a being related to, belongingto the

"

line of a family; relation, kindred.

Ibawi, Ibawijo (wi-ejo), s. the act of callingto judg-

ment
; judgment ; rebuke.

Ibasorun, Basorun (obba-se-orun), s. prime minister.

iBAGBE(ba-gbe), 5. theactof living with,or dwellingtogether.

Ibeji (bi-eji), 5. twins.

Ibepeje (ba-epe-je), s. oath-breaking, perjury.

[y^ Ibere (bi-ere), s. inquiry. ^"Ibere ki ije ki enni ki 6"

sinna, enni ti ko le ibere li o npmi 'ra re li ojn, In- quiry "

saves a man from mistakes : he who makes no

inquirygets himself into trouble."

Ibe, adxi. there.
Ibebbe, (be-ebbe),s. prayer, supplication.
^Ibekke,s. name of a bird.
Ibepe, SFbo,s. pawpaw tree and fruit. O ha mora "
bi

ibepe, He encumbers
"
himself like the pawpaw tree

(when laden with fruit)."

Ibere (be-ere),
s. beginning,commencement, stooping.
Iberu 6-. fear,
(ba-eru), dread.
Iberubojo (ba-eru-ba-ojo), s. fear, dread, trembling. "

Iberubojoni mo fi pe e, ** With fear and tremblingI

called him."
Ibetelle (be-te-ille),
s. bribery,beggary.
visit,a peeping at.
''Ibewo,s. visitation,
Ibi,s. the act of pushing or vomiting,a violent push.
'
Ibi, s. evil,ill use, ill treatment. " Enia ki ise 'ni ni rere

ki afi ibi su u,
"
He who has done you a kindness
should never be ill-used."

Ibi,5. inquiry,question; place.

"/

Ibi,s. birth,child-bearing.Ibi k"iijuibi,bi ati bi " eru li

abi ommo, "
Birth does not differ from birth : as the
freeman born, so was the slave."
w^as

Ibille (bi-ille),
s. one home-born, a domestic.
Ibille (bi-ille),
s. aborigines.

IbI-mbf,.9. as one is born, in a state of nature.

124
 IBU

Iijuuu,ado. sidewise,obliquely,alongshore. Ibubu " li

J atu Okun, ododo liatu'Ossa,ibi ti a ba li atu Oyan,

"Alongshore you must navigatethe ocean : down the
channel you must navigate the (lagoon) Ossa :
where you pleaseyou Oyan."
may navigatethe (river)
Iiju,s. abstraction of a part.
"luujoKo (ibi-ijoko), abode.
s. a dwelling-place,

Ibuke, s. carver postsand doors.

of
Ibukon (bu-kon),5.adding to; a blessing,increase. Ibu- "

kon ille,ibukon oja ki 9 ba '9, May the increase of "

the house and the increase of the market befal you !''
^Ibukun (bii-kun), subtraction.
s. deficiency,

Ibulle s. a recumbent
(ba-ille), position.
Ibun, s. the act of giving or rewarding; donation,pre-
sentation

Ibura (bu-ara),s. oath, the act of swearing or taking

oath.

Ibura-Eke, perjury,false swearing.

s.

Iburu, s. wickedness,evil.
Ibusi (bu-si),
s. an addition to, a blessing.
,

Ibuw^on (bu-won), s. aspersion, sprinkling.

Ida, 5. creation,formation ; cessation,division,a break-
ing,
decision ; payment of taxes ; good health.

Ida, s. bees' wax, wax, tar ; Ida-Eti, ear wax.

Ida, s. time, interval,season, a given space. " Ni ida

yi anna o ti d^, "About this time yesterdayhe rived."

ar-

sword.
Ida, .y. cutlass,
Ida-Assa,s. remnant from the loom, remnant, piece of
cloth to patch with.

Idado, Adado, s. an island.

Ida-duro, s. a being stopped or hindered, tion.

deten-

Idacuri,s. an alarm.
Idagudde, s. cold,gloomy, damp weather.
Idaiioro, s. desolation.
the state of being desolate,
12G
 IDA

Idaiiun,s. reply.
answer,

Idaji,Idameji (da-meji),s. half,moiety; a flaw in cloth.

Idajo (da-ejo), 5. judgment, sentence pronounced.
Idajo (da-jo),s. a collecting, a collection,a putting to-
gether.

Idajo-lu, s. the condemning. act of

Idakoja (da-koja),s. the act of passing over a thing by

the foot over

lifting it,(as over a tree lyingacross
the road).
Idake, Idakke, Idake-je, Idake-roro, s. rest, quietness
;

silence, a calm.
stillness,
Idakkoro, s. anchor.
Ida-meji, s. half,moiety.
Ida-merin, s. a fourth part, a quarter.
Ida-mewa, s. a tenth part.
Idamoran (da-mo-oran),
s. a device,a plan.
Ida-mo, s. a mistaken view, an opinion supposed correct

and affirmed.

Ida-mu, s. the act of perplexing,perplexity,confu-

sion.

Idan, sleightof hand ; a joint,

s. a knot of grass or straw ;

gloss,brightness ; a piece of cloth sewn to the bot-

tom
of native trowsers.

Idana, s. a feast,the
cooking. act of
Idande (da-ni-ide),s. redemption,the state of being re-
deemed

from bondage.

Idanilara, Idaniloju s. the

(da-enia-li-ara) act of dis-
appointing,

mortifying,or annoying ; certainty,

surety.
Idanrawo (dan-ara-wo), s. exercise,exertion.

Idan-wo, s. attempt, trial,temptation.

^Ida-po,s. mixture ; union ; communion, fellowship.
Idaran (da-oran), s. transgression, offence, trespass.
Idaran-Obba, s. treason [lit. offence againstthe sove-
reign).

Ida-ra, s. goodness,beauty.
127
 IDA

Idaraya, s. cheerfulness,
liveliness
agility,
activity. ;
Idariji (da-ori-ji),
.s. forgiveness,
pardon.
Idaro ( aro),s. anxious concern, anxiety.
"

Idaronsille (
" s. that
aron-si-ille), which creates disease

or pestilence.
Ida-ru-da-po, 5. the act of mingling in a confused mass,
confusion.
Ida-si s. gleanings,remnants ; officiousness.

Idasille (si-ille),
s. commencing, invention ; ordinance.

Ida-se, Adase, s. venture, risk,hazard.

Ida-w6, s. consultation of the gods,or oracles.

Ida-wo, Ida-ro, s. iron dross.

Idawopo, joiningof hands together,
s. a union.

^Ide,s. the act of being confined,bondage,bond.

Idebipa, Ifebipa (da-ebi-pa), s. starvation.

Idehun (de-ohun), s. bargain,agreement.

Idele (de-ille),s. guardianship; medicine for family

use.

^Idena (de-onna), s. a resident officer who sees after the

interest of his sovereignwithin the limit of his terri-
tory

; the act of watching the road ; ambuscade ;

custom-house ; hinderance.
Ideri (de-ori),
s. cover, lid.
IdetI (idi-eti),
s. the temple of the head.
Ide, s. chase, game, hunting, baiting; settinga trap,
tempting,decoying.
Ide, 5. brass.
^Ide, s. the of
slackening,loosening,softening,
act or

ripening; glass bottle holding from three- to five

gallons,called by sailors a demijohn.
Idebbi (da-ebbi), s. judgment,sentence.

Idegbe (de-igbe), s. a hunting, chase.

Ideru (di-erii),
s. See Jdi.

iDERUBA(da-eru-ba), s. alarm ; discouragement.

Ideti (deeti),s. inclination of the ear, ing.
hearken-
listening,

128
 IDE

Ideti (di-eti),
s. failure,
inabilityto accomplish.

Idewo (de-wo),s. temptation, trial,snare.

Idi,s. eagle. Idi babba "
eiye, idi babba akosa, The "

eagleis the princeof fowls ; the eagle is the prince

of birds of prey."

'Idi,Edi, the act of binding or packing ; bundle ; bud ;

sheaf.
IdI,s. waist, rump ; cause, reason, conclusion,end ; dation
foun-

; diminution. " So idi re fun mi. "

Tell me the
reason."
Idi-agbado, Apo-agbado, s. a shock of corn.

Idi-de,s. the rising,resurrection.

act of
Idijii (da-iji),
s. fear, alarm.
fright,
Idi-mu,s. grasp.
Idin, Idi, s. name of a tree, the root of which is
chewed.

Idin, s. maggot.
Idina (di-onna),
s. that which shuts the road ; hinder-

ance, obstacle.
Idino (di-ino), s. anger, passion.
Idinu (di-ennu), s. the act of binding the mouth ; fasting.
^Idi-po,5. union, unity,combination.
Idiron (di-oron), s. neck-band.

Idiron,s. the act of plaiting the hair.

Idiyele (da-iye-le),
5. the act of valuation.
estimating,
Idigbaro (da-igba-ro),s. continual standing,an erect
position.
Id6, s. invasion, encampment, colonization ; heap, copu-
lation.

Ido, ^Idoro, s. the plantcalled the Indian shot.

Idodo, s. the navel.

Idofun, s. a kind
plum-tree. of

^Idugbolu, Adugbolu, s. stumbling-block.

Iduro, s. erect position.
Idokkoduro, Idokkoro (da-okk9-duro), anchor.
s. cable,

Idon, s. the bug.

129 s
 IDO

Idon, 5. the act of sounding,a sound, cry as of a bird or

beast.
^Idon, s. sweetness, flavour,beauty,grace.
^Idugbolu, stumbling-block.
s.

^Ifa, s. ebbing,crawling; good luck,advantage,gain. "

^Ifa nla ni iya oluwa re li apo, Inordinate gain "

makes a hole in the pocket." Cf.Haggai i. 6.

Ifa, s. that which is scraped ofT,shaving,the act of

wiping ; the god of pahn-nuts; a tool with two handles

(usedto scoop out the pulp of green calabashes).
Ifani (efFa-oni), 5. six days.- Ifani li ojo esu bi 9 ba ko
"

tan o wi fumi, "

The club collection will be due six

days hence : when you have taken your share

let me know."
Ifar.\han (fi-ara-han),
5. appearance, of
discovering one's
self,a vision.
Ifara-pa, s. the act of hurtingor bruisingthe body.
Ifaraw^e,s. emulation, variance.
Ifaron, Ifarun (fa-orun), s. an iron guard for the fingers
used to assist in
drawing the bow with full force ;

(calledImatiko by the Igbomna tribe).

Ifasse (fa-esse),
s. a withdrawing of the foot.

Ife, s. a small sized bird. " -Bi ife fo on li amo li akko

eiye, "
The ife is noted by its flight
as the bravest
among birds." The feather is said to be much valued
in the Egba country.
Ifefe, s. a kind of hollow reed.

Ifere, s. flute,
pipe ; a sip.
Iferu, Feru, s. the bush rope, a trailing
plant,used for
all purposes of tying or binding.
s. obedience, attention.
Ifetisi (fi-etisi),

Ife, s. love,wish,will,desire.
^Ife,5. belch,eructation.
Ifojupe (fi-oju-pe),s. a beckoning,a winking with the

eye.
Ifosoke (fo-si-oke),
5. jump, leap.

130
 IFE

Ife,s. a tribe from which the human race, as well as the

whole Yoruba nation,are said to have sprung.

Ifekufe s. lust,
(fe-ki-ife), desire.
irregular
Ifemonikeji (fe-9mm9-enia-keji), s. brotherlylove.

Ifeni (fe-enia), s. charity.

Ifennukonu (fi-ennu-kd-ennu), s. (Ut. the act of putting

mouths together), mutual agreement, kiss.

Ifeseji,s. forgiveness of sins.

Ifi-bun,Ifi-fun,s. gift, present.

Ifiji,s. the act of forgiving, forgiveness, absolution.

Ifi-mo,Iforanmo (fi-oran-mo), s. suspicion, a fastening

upon.
Ifi-son,s. accusation.
Ifitore (fi-ta-ore),
s. gift,
present.
^Ifiwo s. bait.
(fi-iw9),
^

Ifo,s. the act of flyingas a bird, or passing off as a

rainycloud.
Ifofo, s. foam, froth.
Ifole, s. home-born slave, not born from the original
stock of the family.
Iforiballe s. submission, obedience.
(fi-ori-ba-ille),
'Ifo-ri-fo,s. flake,sparks.
^Ifoya,Ifoiya(fo-aiya), s. fear, dread.

Ifo, s. a breaking,as of a vessel ; plenty,abundance ;

bawling,a loud cry.

Ifokko, s. wreck of a ship or canoe.
^Ifo, s. the act of washing or speaking; utterance.
Ifoju (fo-oju), s. blindness.

Ifokkansin (fi-okkan-sin), s. devotion, soul-service.

Ifokkanso ( so),s. confidence,reliance.

Ifolle (fo-ille),5. house-breaking.

Ifon, Ifun, 5. bowels, tripe.

Ifonfon, s. a kind of small flywhich makes honey.
(fon-ina), s. a takingof fire from the hearth ; one
^ Ifonna
who takes fire from the hearth. Apadi ni isaju "

ifonna, The potsherd (on which

" live coals are
131
 jFO

usuallycarried)goes in front of him who has taken

the fire from the hearth with it ;" i. e. every prise

enter-

must have a leader ; (the potsherdbeing used

as an emblem of courage, because it can withstand
the action of fire.)
Ifonnaiian s. the
(fi-onna-han), act of showing the way,

guidance.
Ifon-po, s. crowd.

Ifoavoba, s. a touch, the act of touching.

Ifowoko, s. embrace,

Ifowota",s. careless search.

Ifun, Ifuni, s. the act of giving,a gift; Ifun, ness.

white-

Iga, s. height,stature.
'Iga, s. a stretchingforth,full stretch,in order to reach

an object. Emi "

na iga,
"
I stand at full stretch."

'Igan, s. the act of contemning or reproaching.

''Igan-^Imaddo,s. male wild boar.
Igangan, s. a kind
yellowyam. of

Igangan, a(^.gigantic, bulky.

Iganna, s. w^alls around premises,a walled enclosure.
robber.
Igara, 5. thief,
Igara-Okun, s. piracy.
'Igba,s. admittance,reception,time ; a definite period,
interval,duration ; opportunity.
^Igba Ikokojo Oko, ^Igba-Ipallemo Oko, s. time of
harvest
gathering, time.

^Igba-Irugbin,s. seed-time.
Igba, s. calabash cut into halves. "
Igba li apa akrpaawo,
"A calabash may be cut into parts,but not an earthen
vessel."

Igba-Ogodo, s. a very large and strong calabash which

in the provinceofOgodo, a tribe ofYoruba.
grows
Icba-Ori, 5. the skull.

Igbaje,5. a largecalabash.
W Igba, s. the acacia or locust tree and fruit ; tide,current ;

132
 IGB

Igberi (gbe-ori),
s. nearness, proximity.
Igbera ( "
vindication.
ara),s. self-defence,
Igberiko ( ori-ko),s. neighbourhood; province.
"

Igbeyawo ("
iyawo), s. the act of taking a wife ; mar-
riage.

Igbe, s. bush, field,grassfield.Enia lassan po o ju igbe "

\y
enni rere won 6 ju oju lo, Ordinary people are as
"

common as grass, but good people are dearer than an

eye."
Igbe, Igbonse, s. faeces,
(a decent expression).
Igbe, s. the of
drying,dryness.
act

'Igbeiiin (gbe-ehin),
s. the last time, latter part; adt.
afterward.
Igbekkele (gbe-ekke-le),s. trust, confidence,reliance.

Igbetu, s. a fibrous plant,having red sap.

Igbesin, s.fem.a female captive.
Igbessan, s. the act of retaliating, recompensing,or pay-
ing
back, vengeance.
Igbimo (gba-im9),^- ^ counsellor,an adviser.

IgbIn, s. snail, conch. "

Igbin ko mo ije ato okowo,
\^
"
Had not the snail known where to feed in it
safety,
would never have grown so large as to be worth
twenty cowries." " Bi igbinba nfa kawon re ate le e,
"
When the snail crawls, its shell accompaniesit." "

Bi ati yin awon li ayin igbin, "

As the tortoise meets
with due regard,so should the snail."
^

Igbin, 5. planting,sowing.
Igbin, s. retching,effort to remove any inward tion.
obstruc-

Igbinikon s. inflamation,festering.
(gba-ini-kon),
'
Igbiro (gba-iro),
s. a reckoning,calculation, counsel,
consultation.
Igbiyanju (gba-iyan-oju),
.s. perseverance, exhortation,
encouragement.
Igbiyele s. trust, confidence,reliance.
(gbe-iye-le),
Igbo, s. forest,
wood, grove.
134
 IGB

Igbo, s. old age barking like a dog.

; the act of " Je igbo,
"
je ito, May you enjoy many days ; {lit.
eat old age,
and longevity)."
'Igbo, s. name of a bird,which feeds the eggs of other
on

birds. "
-'Igbo wa ille ei'yekeiyotu, " The igbo
searches the nests of other birds to plunder them."
Igbo, Egbo, s. the act of rubbing so as to peel off the

husk.

Igbo, s. an idol-sacrifice ; assembly of priests

; idol-wor-
ship

; food of the sacrifice.

Igbodu, s. a grove dedicated to the gods Odu and Ifa.

Igbogian, s. the name of a bird.

Igboiya (gbo-aiya),s. courage, boldness.
Igboju ( oju),s. boldness,audacity,
"

ferocity.
Igboku (gba-oku),s. a stale article ; that which has lost
its scent or flavour.
Igbokun (
okun), s. sail,canvass.
"

Igbona s. heat,warmth, fervency.

(gbo-ina),
Igbona-Ara, s. heat of the body ; fever.

^Igboro, s. old farm overgrown with jungle.

Igboro, 5. street.
Igbose (igba-ti-o-se),
adv. by and bye, till another son.
sea-

Igbonwo, Igbon-ron (gbon-owo),s. elbow ; a measure from

the tip of the middle fingerto the elbow ; cubit.
Igbonwu ( owu), 5. "
a bow used for the purpose of card-
ing
cotton.

Igbo, s. attention,trust, obedience.

Igbonra (gbon-ara),
s. a shaking of the body, (to free
one's self of dust, "c.)
Igboran (gbo-oran), s. obedience,attention.

Igbonse (gbon-esse), s. See Igbe.

Igbokkanle (gbe-9kkan-le), s. confidence,trust,affiance.
Igbowo, (gba-ow9), ^' witness, pledge, token.
Igburo (gbo-iro),
s. news, intelligence.
Igede, s. mystery (appliedonly to superstitions, charms,
135
 IGE

"c.). " Babbalawo nfo igede, "

The priestis speaking
a mystery."
^Igere,5. fish-pot.
Ige, s. breast,chest.
Igepa, s. bird-snare.
(asa bird on
Ige, 5. the act of sitting a tree).
Iggi,s. tree, wood. Iggi damo mi, "
"
I am made to feel
it,"{lit."The stick strikes me.")
Iggi-^ Ogedde, s. the banana.

Iggi-Ope, s. the palm.

Iggimo (iggi-imo),s. snout, prominent nose.

Iggina ( ina),
"
s. fire-wood,brand.

Igiso,s. a hairyworm, which poisonsthe foot if trodden

on.

^Igo, s. bottle,decanter.
^Igoke, s. the climbingup, ascension.
act of

^Igongo, s. worm found in dunghills,eaten by natives.

^Igongo-Ofon, s. throat, windpipe,trachea.
Igunle, 5. landing-place, wharf; the act of landing.
Igo, s, perplexity. See Isu.
Igo-Iggi,s. largeroots, which spring from the trunk of

trees of the mimosa-tribe, at some distance above

the ground, and serve as supports to the parent
stem.

Icon, Ojugon, s. the shin ; the corner. " ^"Oran ko ba oju-

\y 6 li on li eran,
ko When the shin is not hurt, it
"
gpn
says that it has no flesh (to protect it);" i. e. When
circumstances do not arise to call forth a man's sources,
re-

he is apt to think he has none.

Igon-Ehoro, s. the wattle tree.

Igon-Ille, s. the corner of the house.

^Igun,s. the act ofclimbingup.

Igun, s. the act of pounding or piercing; turkey buz-
zard.
"
Igun ti ogun mi ko J9 ti egun, Piercing "

V (me with a lance) is not like piercingme with a

thorn."
136
 IGU

i/ Igun iyan ko jo ti elubo, mimii ni iyan imu kiku

"

li elubo iku, The pounding of iyan is not like the

"

pounding of elubo ; iyan becomes more adhesive ;

elubo separates into powder."
Igunwa, s. a sittingin state.

Iguso, s. a tobacco pipe ; an instrument for torturing,a

forked stick.
"Iha,s. side,loin, region. "
''Iha ibo li awa oyi si, " To

which side shall we turn?" " ^^Iha so mi, "My side

pains me."
Iha, s. the act of locking,crowding,pressing; the act

strippinga house of its roof.

of

Iha-epo, s. palm-nut,chaff.
Iha-gaga, s. press, crowd. " Emi ko ri aye wolle nitori

ihagaga, "
I have no room to go into the house cause
be-
of the crowd."
Ihaho s. the
(iha-ih9), crust or burnt part adhering to
the pot or saucepan.
[y Ihalle (ha-ille), poverty, strait.
^.need,necessity, " Ihalle
ba oso enia je, Poverty destroys a man's"
tation."
repu-

Ihalle ( ille),s. empty

"
boast,brag.
Ihamora ( mo-ara),s. armour,
" war equipment.
. ^Ihin, 5. news, tidings,declaration,narration. Li ennu "

onihin ni ihin idon, News from the

is interesting "

mouth of him who tells it first."

Ihlnrere, s. good news, glad tidings,

gospel.
Ihinyi adv.
(ihin-eyi), hither,here. Ihinyini mo " ran o

si,iwo se d6 ohun, "

I sent you here ; how came you
there'?""
Iho, 5. noise, boiling
; a bubbling noise like a running
brook or river. " Iho odo o bo iho ijoenia molle,
"The noise of the river drowns the noise of the people."
wind, 5. hole, pit. Enni "
ti o nsure kiri ni papa on li o

wa nino ewu jisi iho, He w^ho

ati "
runs about the
fields is in into a pit."
danger of falling
137 T
 ''Iho,'Ihoho/Ihoriho, s. nakedness.
J Ih6-imo, s. the nostril. "
'Ti ossan ti oru gbe
iho imo ko
ille li aise,bi o ba dake aje pe 6 pin,"Day and night

the nostril is always at work: is

wlien it stops, (life)

at an end."

Iho, s. grass field spared for the sake of hunting.

^Ihuhu, s. feather down.
Ihulle-hulle (hu-ille), first beginning.
s. origin,

Ihura(hu-ara),s. weakness.
'Ihuwa ( ^iwa), 5. conduct, behaviour.
"

^ ^Ija, 5. strife,war, fight,battle,evil. -''Ija ni ije pe illu "

npe'o gbogbo won li o ni oruko, "Every one in the

assembly has a name ; but when you are summoned

(instead of being
'
in the name
'
of the assembly
summoned in the name of some individual in it,you
may be sure that)evil awaits
you." 'Ijako "
bimmo
ki o ro,
"
Strife never begetsa gentlechild."
'Ija-iji,
s. the action of the whirlwind.
Ijaba (ja-ba),s. trouble,annoyance.

Ijadan (je-ada),s. remnants of fruits eaten by bats ;

gleaning. Awa ko ri ese he, ijadanli ansa kiri

" labbe

iggi, We had
"
no shea-nuts to gather ; we w^ere

obligedto seek about to pick up the remnants eaten

by the bats."
^
Ija-du, s. scramble, eager contest for a thing.
Ija-fara (ja-ifa-ara),
s. negligence, sluggishness.
Ijaje, s. rascal,scoundrel.
Ijakadi,s. awrestling,a struggling.
Ijanna, s. coming into the way ; return to the right
course.

Ijannu, s. bit ; instrument used

kidnapping ; (also in
called Kanga). "
Ologbon ogbon li aro ijannu,oko-
kan li amo iwa enia ; aba mo iwa enia aba bun 'o

ko fe adoni jojobi abajo,"On different plans bits are

made ; one by one men's characters are known ;

when the character of a man is once known (to be

138
 IJA

bad, even) were he to be given to you lor a present,

.
you would not have him, for he is as painfulto you
as a vexatious matter."
^Ija-pati,
s. pitchedbattle,struggle.

Ija-pati,s. the act of snatchingsuddenlyfrom the hand.

Ijaro, s. detection of falsehood.

Ijasan, s. leather-guardworn by archers on the left

wrist to prevent the bowstring from injuringthe
hand.

Ije, 5. a kind of cane used for arrow shafts.

Ije, s. the seventh day.

C^Ije, s. race, ndijeni bi ise owo
competition. Bi "
aba ama

ya ni, When we
"
compete in working, we work
faster {lit.
our hands quicken)."
Ijejila (ijo-eji-la),s. the twelfth day.
Ijeni (ije-oni),s. seven days hence.
Ije,Ijeun (je-ohun), s. manner or act of eating: sion.
corro-

Ije, s. effect produced,answer.

'Ije,Ijesin,s. fodder, hay.
^Ije,Ijere,5. the flower of Indian corn.

"Ijeka,s. snoring.
Ijeri, s. the act of
bearingwitness, testimony.
Ijerinla (ijo-erin-le-ewa),
s. fourteen days ago, night.
fort-

Ijesin, .?. See "Ije.

Ijeun, s. See Ije.

Ijew^o, s. confession.
Ijin,s. shadow, shade.
I J I,

Iji,s. fear,dread ; any thingstartling,

surprise.
Iji,s. the act of waking, either from sleep,or ness.
sluggish-

Iji,s. whirlwind ; tornado.

Ijiandudu, Ejinrin, s. a plant used as medicine for in-

fants.

'Ijigonron (ji-gonron), ravine.

s. valley,

139 -
 IJI

Ijila, Ijinla, s. a famous or notorious person, (used both

in a good or bad sense).
s. depth,profundity.
Ijille, Ijinle (jm-ille),
(je-iya),
"Ijiya s. suffering,passion.
Ijisepalle (iji-se-pa-ille),s. afternoon, (lit.the time the
shadow beginsto increase as the sun declines).
^Ijin,Jijin,^Ijinna,s. distance,depth.
'Ijigbo,5. chief priests,head worshippersof the gods.

Ijo,s. dame. Ti ijoti ayo ni ise idin,wuye

"
wuye ni ise
1/ igongoanjoanyo ommo banabana ure oko iggi, "With

dancing and with joy moves alongthe reptile ; wrig-

gling
to and fro moves along the worm ; (such a ment
move-

being considered indicative of pleasure) ; but be

there dancing or rejoicing, the child of banabana (?)

(probablyan insect constantlycarryingabout small
chipsof wood) toils on at its woodcutting;" /. e. others
amuse themselves, but the poor man has no
may
holiday.
^Ijo, s. the act of leaking.
Ijogun s. succession
(je-ogun), to an inheritance; Ijo-

GUN, Ajagun (ja-oguii), s. soldier, warrior.

Ijoko, 5. settlement,abode, estate.

Ijoko-je, 5. quietness.
^Ijokun,s. name trailingplant.
of a

Ijowu (je-owu),5. jealousy.

Ijoyf (je-oye),
s. a man of title ; the act of being vested
in-
with a title of rank.

Ijo, Ajo, s. assembly, meeting, congregation. Ijoni "

ti

ly illu,obba li o li agbo,"Tiie publicassembly belongs

to the town, (but) a select council belongs to the
king."
Ijo, s. day, a singleday.
Ijo-agba,s. meeting or assemblyof the elders.
Ijokanlegbon adv. seldom, now
(ijo-kan-le-ni-ogbon),
and then, (lit.the space or interval of thirty-one
days).
140
 IKA

Ikanno, severity,
s. violence.
Ikanu (ko-anu),
s. sorrow, grief,
repentance.
Ikara (ka-ara),
Ika, s. garden, square. Enniti " aba ni
/ ikara li li ateteba,"He who the inner
o owns square
is the owner of the outer."
^
Ikasi, adj.stale,not new ; cooked day before ; sour.
the
Ikawe (ka-iwe),s. the act of reading; (/Itcounting
book).
Ikawe, Akawe, s. the act of winding any thing on a

roller.
Ikawo (ka-9wo),s. power, control, governance.
Ike, s. ivory,bone in imitation of ivory.

Ike, s. cry ; division ;

partitioning.
Ikede (ke-ode), s. proclamation.

Ikede-afiji, s. proclamation of the repealof a law.

Ikede-ofin, s. proclamationof prohibition.

Ikele (ke-ille),s. partition.

Ikehin (ko-ehin), termination.

s. end, issue,

Ikekun, s. snare.

Iki,s. salutation.
^Iki, compression; laudatory recital of
s. a family
lineage.
Ikigbe (ke-igbe),s. cry, howling.

Ikillo (ki-iUo),
s. warning,exhortation.

Ikimolle (ki-m9-ille),5. pressingtight down, sion.

compres-

Ikiri,s. rovingabout, wanderinsj^.

Ikir9\ (ki-oron),
s. prayer ; (lit.
salutingheaven).
Ikiweje (ka-iweje),s. wrinkle.

Ikka, s. finger,toe.
'Ikki,
s. an animal with largeeyes and small erect ears,
which lives on the kola nut. " Iwo le iie obi o ise
ikki bi? "You are always eatingkola nuts: are

you an ikki ?"

Ikko, s. bamboo-fibres woven by women into cloth.

Ikko, 5. the red tail of the parrot : a stroke on the head

142
 IKO

with ^"Ojopa odide aluko ny6, aluko

the knuckles. "

se bi ikko baje ojo niu ikko woso, (When) the "

rain beat upon the parrot, the woodcock rejoiced,

thinkingthat his red tail was spoilt, but the rain

only increased its beauty." Mase kan aburo mi ni "

ikko mo,
" Do not strike my brother with the knuckle
of your hand any more."

Iko, 5. the gathering,acttakinga largenumber

of ther.
toge-
Iko ekuru
" ewo Ife,aja ki igbo ni ibojiekun,
"
(As)carryingdust is forbidden in Ife,(so)no dog
dares to bark near the leopard's lair."

Iko-anu-Ikanu, s. sorrow ; (whetheron account of faults

committed or in consequence of affliction).

Ikobe, s. silk tassel-band.

Ikogun trophy,any thing taken
s. spoils,
(iko-ogun), in
battle.
Ikojo ( "
s. the
^J9), act of gatheringtogether,accumu-
lation.

Ikojo-oko, s. of farm produce.

harvesi,in-gathering
Ikoko, Ikoriko, s. wolf.
"Ikoko, s. pot, saucepan. Agbara odo ko J9 agbaraikoko, "

bi agbe odo ka ina ajo,bi asi gun iyan ni ikoko alu,

"
The strengthof a (wooden) mortar is not like the

strengthof an (earthen)pot ; place a mortar on the

fire,and it will burn ; pound a yam in a pot, and it
will break through (thebottom)."
"Ikoko-isa, s. a small pot.
^Ikoko-taba, s. pipe, bowl of a pipe, (calledalso
Ogunso).
Ikolo, carryingaway.
s. a

Ikonkoso, s. rat trap (baitedwith corn or yams).

Ikokuko, s. bad teaching,false doctrine.

Ikoti, s. pin of iron, bone, or wood, used by women for

combing the head and the

adjusting hair.

Iko, s. cough. " Oniko ko sa lumo, "A man troubled

with a cough can never hide himself."

143
 IKO

Iko, s. the act oifroofingor erectinga building

; the act
of
teaching; entanglement ; skein of cotton. Mo se, "

iko own merin, I bought four skeins of cotton."

"

Iko, s. the act of cryingaloud ; cock-crowing; the act of

shovelling ; the act of writing.

^Iko,s. refusal.
Iko, s. messenger, ambassador, delegate.
"/^Ikoko, s. privatecorner, secret place. "'Ikok9aiye ya "

ju ikoko ti orun lo,"The corner in the world (of

sense) is better than a corner of the world of spirits."
Ikola (ko-ila), s, the act of tattooing ; circumcision.
^Ikolle ( "
ille),
s. head farmer.
Ikollu ( lu),s. assault, attack.
"

Ikon, Ikun, s. squirrel.

Ikon, Ikun, s. fullness, swelling, rising,addition.
Ikondo (ikon-odo),s. swelling of a brook, flood.

Ikon, Ikun, s. mucus.

Ikoni, s. instruction.
Ikonwosille s. overflow.
(kon-wo-si-ille),
Ikosille s. rebellion,
(ko-si-ille), revolution.

IK9SSE(ko-esse),
s. the act of tripping; stumbling-block
;
hinderance.

Ikosse-ba,Akosse-ba,s. chance, unexpected occurrence.

Iku, s. death ; that which may cause death ; a worm

which eats the kola nut.

s. gable end.
""Iku,
/ Ikudu, s. a claypitfilledwith (alsocalled 'Ogoddo).
water
'^
Ikudu pa esin e' nyo o mb9wa ipa ommo enia,"(When
your neighbour's) horse falls into a pityou should not

rejoiceat it,for (your own) child may fall into it

too."
clenched
Ikuku, s. fist, hand.

Ikun, s. belly,stomach, abdomen. " Ikun babba orisa,

^ "The belly is the chief of the gods;" because it
claims the first attention.
Ikun, s. See Ikon.
144
 IKU

Ikun, 5. See Ikon.

Ikunle (kun-ille),s. the act of kneeling.

Ikun-na, s. fineness,smoothness (usedin describingfine

flour).
Ikunra, Ipara, s. ointment to rub with.
Ikunra (kun-ara),Ikonra, s. weariness, sensation of

fatigue.
^Ikusa,s. neighbourhood. " Ma te ni ikusa mi, "
Do not

come near me."

Ikujare (iku-je-are, death is rightor may be justified),

s.

the gatheringof the locust fruit ; (so called because

an exceedinglydangerousemployment). See Igba.
"Ila,s. state of salvation ; escape from danger ; the act
of splitting ; fissure ; making one's way through a
crowd ; opening ; risingof the sun ; riches. See
Ola.

Ila, s. tattoo,national mark ; circumcision.

Ila, s. name of a vegetable ; (also called Okro). " Eko
ila gba ara re lowo obbe Ila ti akokiki ko so, gboro
ti akokiki ko fa,ommo ife mi ti mo gbekke le ko se

bi mo ti ro, "
The Ila,which was so celebrated,does
not bear fruit; the pumpkin, which was so brated,
cele-
does not trail ; the beloved child,of whom I

expected so much, does not answer my hopes."

Ilasa, 5. the ila leaf.
Ilasado, s. the name of a plantused for sauce.

Ilasagun, plant of the ilasa tribe.

s. a wild

Ila, s. the act of lickingup with the tongue.

Ila-orun, s. dawn, sun-rising, day-spring.
Iladi s. proof,
(la-idi), explanation.
Iladon (la-odon), s. first-fruits.

Ilaiya ( aiya), " s. boldness, courage, fearlessness.

j^'^Ilaja (la-ija),s. peace-making,reconciliation ; maker,

peace-
reconciler. ^Ilajani igba 9gbe, A "
"
maker
peace-
(often)receives wounds."

^Ila-kaka,s. forcible compression.

145 u
 ^ILA

Ilamoran (la-imo-oran),
5. a proposer, one who makes a

suggestion.
^Ilanna ("
onna),s. a marking out of a path or road ;
ordinance.

Ilara, 5. envy.
Ilari,s. king'smessenger, herald.

Ile, s. addition.
Ileke (le-oke),
s. that which is uppermost, top stone,
upper garment.
Ilera ( "
ara),5. health,strength.
Ileri ( "
s. promise,agreement, boasting,
eri), assurance-

Ille, s. house, room, home, abode. " Iwo ni ille ode,

/ Ibara ni ille awodi ati ipe ille aganran, "Iwo is the
abode of the parrot, Ibara is the land of the hawk ;

but where is the of

territory the green parrot ?"
Ille-abere, s. needle-case.
Ille-ase, Ille-idana, Ille-onje, s. kitchen, cooking-
house.

Ille-ato,s. bladder.
Ille-ero, s. inn.

Ille-idana, s. kitchen.
Ille-ide,s. custody,place of security.
Ille-Igbejo,s. court, judgment hall.
Ille-iso,s. watch-house,watch-tower, tower.
Ille-ikewu,Ille-iwe, s. school-house.
Ille-iyawo,s. bride-chamber.
Ille-emu, s. lock-up house, cell where persons rested
ar-

for debt, "c. are kept.

s. stall,stable,fold.
Ille-iso,
Ille-ejo,s. court, court- room.
Ille-e'iye,s. bird's nest, cage.

Ille-enni, Ille-eyin, s. war-tent made of mats.

Ille-oyin,s. beehive.

Ille-orisa,s. house of the gods.

Ille, s. a kind of bird snare, baited with a cricket.
Illeru, s. iron furnace.
146
 ILL

Illeto, s. town, village.

Ille, earth,land,ground,a
s. town.

Ille-babba,5. fatherland.
Illedudu, Illedu, 5. manure, black earth.
Ille-ini,Ille-nini,s. inheritance,a possession.
Ille-obba, s. a kingdom, territory.
Illepa-oku,s. grave covered up, surface of a grave.
Ille-oku, s. burial ground.

Illese, beginning,commencement.
s.

v. it is dark.
Ille-su,defect,
Illewu, s. soft hair; soft down on a palm tree.

Illeke, s. beads,
Illeke-opolo, frogs'spawn. s. " Illeke opoloko yinole
li oju, Frogs'spawn "
(which resembles beads) does
not attract the attention of the robber."
Illekun s. door.
(ille-ekun),
Illu, s. nation,country, town, village,
language,a people;
assembly of the elders, court.

Illu-aigbede, s. one not understandinganother's guage,

lan-
a barbarian.
Illu-nla, Illu-obba, capitalcity. s.

Illu-keje. s. hamlet, village.

^Ilo,5. the act of using,usage; the act of bending,elasticity.

Ilo, Iloro, s. porch at the entrance of a compound or

square. Iloro li awo ki ato wolle, "

One must
"

go
through the porch enteringthe square." before
Iloso (loso)s. a peculiarsitting
posture.
Ilo, Alo, s. departure.
Ilo, s. the twistingor wresting,
act of a deviation from
the rightpath,

y Ilo, s. warning ; publicinquiryafter a thing. Bi ankilo "

fun'9,ki okilo fun 'ra re, When you are warned, "

warn yourself."
Iloloron, Iloloronpa (lo-ni-or9n-pa),s. the act of stran-
gling.

Ilora, s. sloth, tardiness.

147
 ILO
"

Iloro, 6'. wealth, riches,

'luj,s. drum ; stroke,blow.
Ilu, s. awl, gimlet,any instrument to bore with.

Iluiia,Ilumo, s. being hidden ; concealment.

"Imado, s. wild boar. Akanse " li ofFa imado j%an oro ki

J ipa aso,
"
The arrows intended for the wild boar
must be made to order ; a common poisonedarrow
will not kill that savage (animal)."
Imalle, 5. a Mahommedan. " Bi o ti wu' ni li ase imalle
V^ enni o je sari, Any one may practise
fi apa eledde "

his Mahommedan worship as it is 'most convenient :

he may make his breakfast off a pig'sfoot."
Imaraduro (imu-ara-duro), .v. continence.

Imatiko, s. an instrument to assist in drawing a bow with

greater force.
Imawo, s. the act of takinga form or incarnation.
likeness,
Imelle, s. idleness, indolence.
Imeri, Imu-eri, s. removal of filth,
purification.
^Imi, s. the shaking.
act of
Imille (mi-ille),Iselle (se-ille),
s. a shaking of the
earth, earthquake.
'Imi-p9, s. a shakingtogether,

Imi, s. the act of breathing, respiration.

Imisi,Amisi, s. the act of breathing into,inspiration.
Immi, s. dung. See Igbe.
Imojuo, Imogunjuo (mo-gun-ju-o),s. the fore-finger.

I move, s. providence, perception.

foresight,
pron. I.
Lmo, 2"e7's.
Imo, s. the nose.
Imo, Imu, s. the act of drinking; the act of building.
^Imo, s. knowledge ; interpretation. Tu "
imo oro na ki o

le iye' ni, Interpret the word to me

"
that it may be

intelligible."
Imo-oson, s. a small-leaved plantfound by the waterside
and in mountain regions(used symbollically,to in-
dicate

that a miatter is well known).

148
 INA

Ina-eweko, s. blossom.
Ina, s. expenditure of money ; barter,bargain,trade.
Inabi, s. a kind of plantwhich produces blisters.
Inaja, s. trade ; trader,merchant. Oyibo babba inaja,
"

ajebabba teni teni, The

"
white man is the father of

merchants,(want of) money is the father of disgrace."

Inaki, Iro, s. the baboon, the Uran-utan.
Inakuna (ina-ki-ina),
s. wastefulness,profligacy.

seeing; vision. Mo ri iran,

Inan, Iran, s sight, "
"
I saw

a vision."
Inaro iro),s. standingposture. Naro, Stand up."
(" "
"

Gbogbo won mbe ni inaro, They are all standing." "

Inawo, Ina (na-owo), s. expenditure of money. Oku "

inawo, "
Thank you for your kindness."
Inawo 0W9),s.
( " the act of stretching out the hand.

Ini,s. possessions, goods.

InIla (ni-ila), s. magnitude,size, vastness.

Inira, Ilara ( ara),s. freedom, liberty. "

Inira, s. difficulty, strait,perplexity ; need ; poverty.

Iniran ( Iran), s. reminiscence, remembrance.
"

Ino, Inu, s. the inside,mind, thought,womb.

Iso foUoived hi/Baje, v.n. to be sorrowful.
Inobibi, adj.irascible.
Ino-buburu, s. a wicked heart.

Ino-didon, s. gladness.
Ino-dudu, s. a bad heart.
Ino-funfun, s. a pure heart.

Ino-nibini, s. persecution, unprovoked annoyance.

Ino-nron, s. pain in the stomach.
Ino -HERE, candour, benevolence, (lit.
s. good heart).
Ino-y6,Inuyo, liso followedbi/Y6, v. n. to feel a melting
of the bowels, yearn, feel be
compassionate, hearted.
tender-

Ipa, s. track, way, path,footstep

; course.

Ipa-Galla, s. the slot,or track of a deer.

Ipa, s. the act of murder
killing, ; the act of hatching or
150
 IPA

producing; peeling off the bark of a tree; slovenly

execution.

Ipa-Imolle, s. assassination.

Ipa, s. kick ; ; epilepsy,

rupture, strength,force,ability
(calledalso Warapa).
Ipa, s. name of a bird.

Ipa-da, s. return.

Ipade (pa-ade), s. a meeting,a coming together.

Ipafefe (pe-afefe), s. the act of takingthe air ; recreation.

Ipaiiin, s. the act of sharpeningthe teeth.

Ipallemo (pa-ille-mo), s. preparation.

Ipakara, Ipaka (ipa-ika-ara), s. a spacious back yard

enclosed with mud walls.
Ipahinkeke (pa-ehin-keke), s. gnashing the teeth.
Ipaiya (pa-aiya),s. panic,great fear.
IpAKA(pa-okka),5. cornfloor, barn.

Ipako, s. the hollow between the back of the head and

the neck.

Ipapa, Papa, s. leaf of the plant Keke (used for pa-

laver
sauce); plain,grassfield.Aki " ifi 9ran ipapa
lo eja,aki ifi oran odd ilo afe, No one should ask "

the fish of what takes placein the plain; nor should

the rat be asked of what takes placein the water."
Ipallemo-oko (pa-ille-mo),s. harvest,in-gathering.

Ipa-mo, s. act of keeping a thingsecurely,act of hiding.

Ipamora ( mo-ara), s. forbearance.
"

Ipani, Ipania (pa-enia), s. manslaughter, murder.

Ipankoro Ommo, s. girl,lass ; a plant,called also Ko-

ROPOMU.

Ipanna s. place,room.
(ipa-onna), " Iwo mbe ni ipanna
mi, "
You are in my room."

Ipanpa, bargain; arrangement by which the price of

s.

any article is fixed by all traders ; mutual agreement

between traders.

Ipapa, s. grassfield,pasture-ground.
Ipa-po, s. the act of mingling.

151
 I PA

Ipara s. suicide
(pa-ara), ; the act of anointingoneself;
rust,corrosion.
Iparamo (pa-ara-mo). 5. lowliness, submission.

s. the act
Ipari ( ori)^
"
of completion, termination,end,
point.
Ipari, s. baldness.
Iparubo (
"

pa-ru-ebo),
s. the act of killingfor sacrifice.
Ipa-run, s. destruction,annihilation.
Ipasse (ipa-esse), s. track, footpath.

Ipe,s. call;act of calling; the horn used for that purpose.

Ipe, s. a state of being right, or perfect; perfection.
IpEji (pa-eji), s. an opening between the upper front
teeth ; a flaw in cloth, produced by dropping the
thread in weaving.
Ipele (pa-ele),
s. a distant relation.

Ipele, s. addition,that which is put in the top of other

things.
Ipeje, s. invitation to a feast.
Ipelejo (pe-ni-ejo),s. act of calling
to judgment.

Ipe-npe-ju, s. eyebrow,eyelash.
Ipere, s. small snails.
^Ipese (pa-ese),
s. provision, providence.
Ipete (pa-ete), s. intention.

"Ipe,s. supplication, entreaty.

the act of staying; ear
Ipe, s. sojourn, of Indian corn ; a
fish scale ; small flat stick on which raw cotton is
wound.

Ipepe, s. fish-scale ; scab.

Ipefon (pa-efon),
s. name of an officer in the capital; a

constable.
Ipefongbese, 5. petty debts.
Ipeka (pa-eka),s. shooting forth branches.
Ipekun (pa-ekun), s. end, termination.

Ipepekun (pepe-okun), s. small sea-shell ; shell.

Ipere, s. younger members of a community ; young ple,
peo-
such
especially as are unmarried.
152
 IPE

y Ipeta,s. name of a tree, the root of which is used for

washing and bleaching cloth. Ipeta li ose apon, "

The
"
ipetais the bachelor's soap."
^Ipeti, s. kind of wild beast snare.
Ipille,Ipillese (pa-ille), s. foundation.

I PIN, s. the sand-leaf tree

; a good genius.

'IpiN,Ipinfuni,Iwari, s.the act of dividing, division,

share,
lot,distribution.
Ipinhun (pin-ohun), s agreement, bargain.
Ipinle (pin-ille),
s. the boundary of a territory,
a mark.
land-

Ipinnu (pin-ennu),s. end, conclusion, bargain, agree-

ment,
determination,purpose.
'Ipitai:^
(pa-itan), traditions ; oral tradition.
s. act of telling

Ipo, 5. place,room.
Ipo-oku,s. placeof departedspirits ; hades, hell.
Ipo-Olla,s. place of honour, chief room.
'Ipojo (pa-ojo), s. cloak,cloth used as protectionagainst
rain.

Ipo,s. abundance.
^Ipo,^Ipon,s. irony. Emf "
ni iwo ran ipon si? "
Do you
?"
speak ironically
Ipon, s. thickness. " Awo yi ni ip9n, "This place is
crowded."

Ipon, s. wooden spoon.

Iponju (pon-oju), distress,
s. difficulty, necessity, afflic-
tion,

adversity.
Ipori (ipo-ori), s. the great toe, (worshipped by the
Yorubas).
Iposi ( si), "
s. contempt, scorn, worthlessness, meanness.
holds me
yan mi ni iposi, That
"
" Okonri na man

in contempt."

^Ira, s. the name of (calledalso Wusma).

a tree ;

'Ira, 5. the act of buying ; decay ; rottenness ; depression,

discouragement.
Ira, s. morass, bog, fen.
153 X
 IRA

Ira, s. the name of a speciesof horse ; the act of rolling

on the
ground like the horse. Esin mi nyi ira "
nino

yanrin,"My horse rolled on the sand."

^Iraddo,s. tender emotion, livelycompassion.
Iralle, s. laths.
Iralle, s. evening,afternoon. "
Ojo di iralle dedde, "The
day is near eventide."
Iran, s. sight,spectacle, vision
exhibition, ; generation,
race, progeny. " Ati iran di iran babba wa ko bo iru
orisa generationof our fathers
wonyi ri, "
From one

to another we never worshipped such a God as this."

Irandiran, s. generationafter generation.
Iranlowo, Iranw'o (ran-ni-owo), s. help,aid,assistance.
^Iranna,s. the act of purchasinga right of way ; pass-
port.

Iranu, s. loss of appetite.

Iranse, s. messenger, constable
servant, officer, ; the act

of sendingor despatching; mission.

Iranso, s, the act of sewing ; one who sews ; tailor.

Iranti,s. remembrance.
Iranwu ( "
owu), s. spinner. See Aranwu.

''Ira-wo,s. star. " Irawo san san san alommo lehin bi

osupa,
"
Twinkling,twinkling,twinklingstars,like
so many chicken behind the moon."

Iraw^o-titan,s. brightstar.
Ira-wo-ille, Iwaje, s. plantused as medicine for infants.

Ire, Ore, goodness,favour, benefit, a blessing,

s. well-

wishing. Ire ki li orisa se fun abuke ti obi omm9

" ti

o so 0 li Orisagbemi, "What good have the gods

done to the hunchback, to make him name his child

Orisagbemi (The gods have blessed me)?" i.e. Why

should I acknowledge kindness where I have only
experiencedevil ?
Ire, s. curse, execration, imprecation; the act of spring-
ing
or going off,as a snare or the lock of a gun. "

Ibon mi re ire ojiji,My gun w^ent off suddenly." "

1*54
 IRE

Ire,s. play,amusement ; the act of running.

Irede-oru, s. revelling.
Iregun, s. a term of reproachapplied to an ungrateful
person. ^^Oro ti emi" nso ki ise iregiin ki ise ire,
"The word I have spoken is neither a curse nor a

reproach."
Ireke, s. sugar cane. "
Ireke ni iwa ju esu, adu iggi ki
/ ise omi si 'ni li ennu, "
The sugar cane has a better

qualitythan the bullrush : there are not many plants

{lit.
trees) which can supplythe mouth with such saj)."
Ire-koja, s. a passing over, pass over ; transgression,
transition.
Ireni (re-oni), s. four days hence.

Ire-pa, s. trespass; transgression.

Ire-pe,s. fragmentsor remnants of cloth.
Irera (re-ara), s. pride.

Ireti ( eti),
"
s. hope,expectation of
; a cleansing the ear.

'Ire,s. a kind of cricket,which burrows under ground ;

consolation,comfort ; fatigue,
weariness : fall of the
leaf; gloominess. ^lyan mu ire yo, lyan ro ire rii, "

" When there is famine the cricket is fat ; when the

famine is over the cricket is poor." This sentence is

simply a play upon various sounds difhcult to pro-

nounce
in rapidsuccession. Cf.Apata, Kanakana.

agreement, concord ; adhesion; the act

Ire, s. friendship,
of cuttingwith a knife ; carving.

Ire, s. the name of a tree.

imposition.
Ire-je, s. cheat, deception,
Irelle -s. the
(re-ille), state of being low, submission,
humility,humiliation.
Irepo, s. concord, agreement, friendship.
vision.
Iri, s. sight,
"^ ^Iri,s. dew, mist. Oni "
li egbon olla,iri wowo ni ise

egbon ojo, To-day is the "

elder brother of to-morrow,
and a copiousdew is the elder brother of the rain."
Iriju,5. trustworthyservant, steward.
155
 IRI

conversation,conduct
^Irin,5. walk, life, ; ticklinjsj.
travel.
"Irtn-opa-ipo,s. rapidjourney,expeditious
Irin, 5. iron,iron nail.
Irin,s. a kind of rat trap ; fruit of a certain trailing
plant (sometimescalled Agbarin).
Irinan, Ihiran (ri-iran), s. sight,spectacle.
'Irindo,s. nausea, sickness ; (lit. of the liver).
a tickling

Irinle, s. dampness, moisture.

Irira, s. hatred.
dislike,
^Iro,Irono, s. narration ; consideration ; agitation
; vexa-
tion

; calculation ; cdunsel, advice.

Iro, s. the act of dropping or dripping.
Iro, Inaki, s. the Uran-utan.
Iro, .9. sound, noise made by collision ; news, gence
intelli-

standingposture ; erection of a roof.

;

Irobinoje (r9-ba-ino-je),s. remorse, pain,grief,

anguish.
Iroju (ro-oju),
s. sorrow ; vexation ; inde-
; perplexity cision

Iroko, s. farm labour ; agriculturist.

^Iroko, .S-.a speciesof the Okro.

Iroko, s. a running vegetable,whose leaf is used for

sauce.

Iroko, s. the name of a tree used in building. Ni " ke-

kere ipa ekan iroko, "The

li ati sprout of the iroko
tree must be plucked when it is yet tender."

Irokuro (ro-ki-iro), s. concupiscence, evil desire.

'Irona (ro-onna), 5. the act of meeting by appointment;

a spy who reconnoitres an enemy'sposition.

Irono, s. consideration,or stirring up the mind,
Ironopiwada, s. repentance.
Irora, aches,pains,produced by wounds
s. or bruises.

^Irogba,s. assembly of the elders,consultation of elders.

Iro, s. equal,companion,fellow.
^Iro,s. a kind of cake ; comfort, ease. See Irora. "

Ani ki aie iro ki oro 'ni o si nfon 'ni li oron,

"
The iro was presentedto us as something which
1.56
 IRU

Irula s. the okro

(iru-ila), or ila seed.
Irullu s. the
(iru-illu), act of stirring the town into an

uproar; insurrection.

Irummo, Iru-ommo (iru-ommo),s. seed,offspring.

Iru-omi, s. wave.

Iruno s, indignation
(ru-ino), ; (lit. of the mind).
stirring
Irunle s. the act of undermining the
(run-ille), ground
in order to rob.
Iru-pepe, vexation,displeasure
s. ; healthygrowth.

Iruru, Iruuru, s. variety, different kinds.

^Iruya (ru-aiya), s. emetic.

Irugbin (iru-igbin), s. seed (reservedfor sowing).

IsA,s. hole,rat's hole,burrow, grave ; name of a running

plant.
; the act of drying;
IsA, s. flight a pointedstick used for

diggingearth. See Isa.

IsABOTi (sa-boti),
s. outer court. See Atellebosi.

IsAKODO, IsAKO, s. name of a plantused for sauce.

IsA,s. attempt made by a weak to attack a stronger per-

son.
"
Mo ku isa si i," I made an attempt at him."

adv. down, below, beneath.

''IsALLE,
IsAN, s. payment, retaliation.
IsAN, .s. the act of splitting or making a fissure ; thun-
dering.

Isan, s. nine days'space ; name of a snake.

''IsAN,s. improved health, convalescence.

IsANNi (isan-oni), s. nine days hence.

IsANSA (sa-sa), s. fugitive, deserter. Isansa ko yan egun, "

isansa ko ikawo obbe, "A fugitive never stops to pick

the thorns from his foot,neither does he make choice
of his sauce."

IsA-OKU, s. grave, sepulchre, tomb.

IsA-PA-MO, s. the act of hiding,concealment.

Isi,s. a new thing invented or created ; a memorable

time.

^IsE,s. inquiryof a like dew.

stranger; distilling
158
 ISE

^IsELLE s. earthquake.
(se-ille),
Isi-Mi,s. rest,pause.
IsiMi,s. rest,cessation from work.

'IsiN,s. service,the serving another ; the act of

act of

tendingcattle ; religion.
IsiN,s. the act of buryingor hiding.
IsiNKU (sin-oku), s. burial, funeral, burying of the dead.
Isi-si-Yi,adv. lately, now.

Iso,s. the act of tying; the state of being tied.

Iso,5. a breakingwind.
IsoFiN (so-ofin), s. prohibition.

IsoKO (so-okko), s. moorage, that by which ships are

made fast.

Iso-Yi-Gi,s. marriage.
Iso, s. the throwing with the hand; a telling
act of
forth ; a shootingforth ; a joiningtogetherof divided
parts, (asof a calabash or the wound of a person or

tree).
^Is9,s. quarter, station,place allotted to a person or

thing; quarrel; murmuring, grumbling. Aki " iwa

alaso alia ni iso elepo, "

A man in white linen is

never looked for in the palm-oilmarket."

Iso-AGBA, s. the resort or seat of the elders."
Kuro ni is9
agba, Away "
place of the elders."
from the

IsoDOMMO (so-di-omm9), s. adoption.

IsoKA, (so-oka), s. bird-snare set with guinea-corn.

IsoKALLE (so-ka-ille), s. descent, a going down.

IsoKtJN, IsoNKUN (son-ekuu), s. a mourner (a name plied

ap-
to female children, as they are the chief

mourners on the death of a parent). O bi is9kun,o "

bi iwalle, He begat a mourner

"
{L e. a daughter)and
a (i.e.
grave-digger a son)."
IsoKuso s. mischievous
(so-ki-iso), or evil word, idle tale,
unmeaning talk.
"IsoLLE (so-ille),
s. foundation (whether of stone or

mud).
1.59
 ISO

IsoYE, AsoYE s. explanation.

(so-ye),
IsoN, s. fountain,spring ^Aki ire ni ison
" lo ida si ibu,
i/ "
No should draw from the
one water spring to
supply the abyss;" /.e. No poor naan should deprive
himself of his small property to make presents to

the rich.

^IsoN,s. accusation.
IsoNNU (so-ennu),s. the first meal of the Mahommedans

evening of their fasting

in the days.
^IsoTTE (se-otte), s. rebellious act, sedition.
Isu, s. the act of puzzling,perplexity,wearisomeness ;
scorbutic eruption; retailing of liquor.

^IsuN,s. act of sleeping;(an euphemism for "death") ;

accusation.
Is A, running plantused medicinally.
IsA,s. a

'IsA,Oru, s. a pitcherfor conveying water ; the act of

gatheringthingsscattered by pickingthem up vidually

indi-

; choice.
IsAJO (se-ajo), s. anxiety, perplexity.
IsAJu (se-iwaju), adj.the foremost.
IsA-GERE, s. name of a plant.
IsALOGBE (sa-ni-ogbe), s. a being wounded, wound.
IsANA (sa-ina), s. flint and steel.

^IsAN-OMi,s. tide,current.
IsA-OGBUGBu, s. plant.
name of a kind of

IsANu, (se-anu), s. manifestation of pityor compassion.

IsANWO (san-owo), s. emptiness, the act of being empty-
handed ; the motion of the hand in walking.

IsAPA,s. the sorrel.

Is APE (sa-ape),
s. the act of
clappinghands.
I IsAsuN, s. a sauce-pot. ^lya ni ti ommori " isasun iya
nje didon ommo nje oru, The pot-lidis always "

badly off ; for the pot gets all the sweet, and the lid
nothingbut the steam."
IsEKusE, IsEKisE (se-ki-isc), s. unlawful action,wicked
deed.
160
 ISE

f IsE, s. character,action, custom, fashion, deed. " Onise

ki ifiise re sille re ebi, " Wherever a man goes to

dwell,his character goes with him."

IsEUN (se-ohun),
s. kindness.
Ise,s. work, labour, duty,business.
V Ise,s. trouble,hardship; victory. Ise " ko muokko laya
ki o ma ran 9mmo, asise ki ili ara, "
Poverty never

visits a husband without his

visiting children : a

poor man has no relatives."

^IsE,s. offence,transgression. See 'Ese.
IsE-AMMi,s. sign.
IsE-ASE,5. miracle.
" " " "
^

IsE-iPA,s. hard labour, toil.

IsE-iPA,
s. rough work.
IsE-iRiJu
(ri-oju),
s. stewardship.

IsE-IsiN,
s. duty assignedto one who serves.

Ise-Iyannu, s. wonder.
IsEGUN (se-ogun),
s. victory, conquest.
IsEJu, s. twinklingof an eye, moment. "
Ni igba iseju
kan, In the twinklingof an eye."
"

IsEKisE (ise-ki-ise),
s. wicked work ; any kind of work.

IsE-KEKE,s. castingof lots.

IsENo (se-ino),
s. abortion. *"

IsEPE (se-pe),
s. twigs,or branches.
withered
IsE-po, s. a twin.
double,repetition,
IsEPOLOHUN, 5. name of a tree ; a kind of grass.

Ise-Ogero,s. easy work.

Ise-Olorun, 5. God's work.
Iseti (se-eti),
s. hem.

Isi,5. kind of fruit tree.

Isi-AGBUGBo,s. spccicsof Isi.

a

Isi,5. the act of opening,removal, change of place.

^Isi,s. paleness,discoloration.
IsiGUN, s. aromatic root of a trailingplant found in
forests.
IsiKKO (si-okko),
5. the state of being under weigh.
* '

161 Y
 ISI

IsiKo (isi-oko),
s. See Isiagbugbo.
IsiKUN s. remainder,
(si-kun), remnant.

IsiN, s. a kind of running plant; a kind of kin.

pump-

^IsiNNA (si-pnna),
s. error, missingof the road.
^IsiNNu (si-ennu),
s. appetite.
^

Isiro,^Iro(se-iro),s. account, reckoning.

IsiSE (si-se),
5. wrong action.
IsiYEMEJi s. doubtfulness,
(se-iye-meji), scruple.
Iso,5. iron nail.
IsoNO (so-ino),s. passion, peevishness.
'Isowo (se-owo), s. trading, the act of trading; trader. "

Isowo mbe li orun nawonawo mbe ni iboji, The la-

bourer "

is always in the sun, the landowner is always

in the shade ;" i. e. one toils,the other reaps the
fruit.
IsoRo 5. difficulty.
(se-oro),
IsoRO, s. severity; provocation.

Iso, s. watch, guard ; governance, superintendence

;
ward.
IsoKAN (se-okan)(se-okan),s. concord, union, ment.
agree-

^IsoNNA (s9-onna),s. the act of doing any mechanical

work.
'IsoNNA-AWO (se-onna),
5. tanner ; leather- worker, one

who works in leather.

^IsoNNA-ASO,5. tailor.
IsoRA
(s9-ara),s. caution, watchfulness.
"IsoRAN (se-9ran), s. a faultyperson, one who has mitted
com-

himself. 'Isoran ni ise ajo,

"
"
He who commits
himself is always anxious."
'isoTTE (se-9tte),
s. sedition,the act of making a sion.
divi-

Isu,s. ball,or lump of any thinground ; loaf.

Isu, s. yam ; soft part of a fruit,
pulp.
Isu, s. emission,evacuation.
162
 ISU

Isu, s. the state of being dark (as a condensed rainy

cloud); darkness.
IsuRA (su-ara), s. treasure; the act of entrustingto one's
care.

IsuBu s. fall of
(se-ibu), heavy thing. a

Isu-ODDE, s. a wild yam, eaten by hunters.

Isu-OPE,s. palm-cabbage.
^
Ita, s. act of selling, sale ; a kind of yellow ant, called
also Otta, or^lTTA, a formidable foe to the white
ant.

,' Ita, s. street, an open placein the front of a building;

the open air. Itta metta ko konno
"
ebo, " The junc-
tion
of the roads does not dread sacrifices." fices
Sacri-
intended to avert calamity are always exposed
in place where
a several ways meet, whereby the
impending evil is supposed to be altogetherdissi-
pated.

Ita, s. name of tree much used for firewood.

Ita, s. woof, the thread that crosses the warp ; warmth ;

heat (ofthe sun) ; pungency (asof pepper) ; the hang-

ing
up of clothes or curtains ; the act of hoistinga
sail ; fulness.
Ita, Itani,s. sting,
pain.
Itadogun (etta-di-ogun), s. a space of seventeen days. "

Itadogun li ajoEgba, A round of seventeen days is

"

the meeting of the Egbas." There are many

savings' clubs among the Egbas : the members meet
to deposittheir contributions (calledEsu) at a cer- tain

fixed interval of time, usually every fifth market-

day : each member in turn takes the whole of the sum
contributed on a single day,until the rotation is com-pleted.

Those who come first on the list secure in this

way a largercapital
to disposeof than they would have
been able to command from their own unassisted
resources ; and the members whose turn comes late,
by contributing
to the common stock, have saved the
163
 ITA

sums which they would otherwise have expended on

trifles by little and little. The markets occur every

fifth day,reckoninginclusively
; from one market-

day to the fourth succeeding,the first and the last

both the
inclusive, interval is seventeen days : hence
the proverb. The day on which the payment is
made is reckoned a second time as the ment
commence-

of a new series. See Dawo-esu.

Itagbokun (ta-igbokun), s. sailing,the state of setting
sail,being under canvass.
^Itaje s. bloodshed.
(ta-ejje),
Italle (ta-ille),s. a kind of worm or grub bred on a mud
floor, which attacks any who lie down there.

Itallema, Itallemo s. the

(ta-ille-ma), ancients; tors,
ances-

forefathers.

Ita-ma-ha, (Haiissa),
5. hope,expectation.
Itametta (ita-mo-etta),
5. a place where three ways
meet. " Pere mo ja itametta, '' On a sudden I came to

the junctionof the three ways."

Itamora, Ihamora (ta-mo-ara),s. war-equipment, ar-
mour.

Itan, 5. the act of

lightingfire, spreadingabroad
shining,
(soas to lay open what is hidden); narration of old
traditions; recordingpast events. IW9 ko le ipa "

mi ni itan nkan wonni, "

You are not able to in-
struct me in those ancient things."
Itan, s. thigh,lap.
Itan, 5. completion.
Itanna (tan-ina),s. the lightinga lamp ; flowers,
act of

(so called from their brilliant colour).

Itanje (tan-je),s. deceit,guile.

Itara (ta-ara),s. hastiness ; anxiety for another's

safety; zeal. Itara mi po ju, " My anxiety is
"

great."
'

Iti,s. timber,any largepieceof wood ; the act of sup-

1/ porting or propping. "
Bi iti ko w6 9W0 ki iba isepe,
164
 ITO

Itori, s. share.
Itoju s. superintendence,
(t9-oju), overlooking.
Itokun (to-okun),5. the act of being a guide.

small creek ; straightness ; act of bring-

ing
Ito, s. spittle,
up ; endurance ; old age.

^Ito,s. urine ; the act of following; approach,arrival.

Itokko (to-okko),
s. rudder.

Itonriran, Itonrinan (ton-ri-iran),

s. recovery of sight.
Itore (ta-ore),s. present, gift.

Itowo (to-wo), s. the act of tasting, foretaste ; first-fruit,

earnest, anticipation.
^Itu, s. ease, comfort, cessation from acute pain.
Itu, s. the act of loosening, (as a knot tied); budding or
burstingof a flower ; appearance of the ear from the
stalk ; eruption (on the body) ; adjournment of an

assembly.
Itu, s. eradication, overthrow of a plan.
Itura (tu-ara), s. comfort, ease ; the refreshment of a cool
breeze.
Itu-eddo, s. consolation. See Ituno.
Itu-ka, dispersion.
s.

Ituno (tu-ino), s. comfort, consolation,(lit.the act of

making easy in the mind).

^IwA, s. conduct,behaviour, disposition,character. ^^Iwa "

ni ijooniwa loju, Every man's character is good in

"

his own eyes."

^IwA, s. creation,a state of being,existence ; the act of

^digging.
IwA, Awa', s. the act of coming. Ayun awa
"
re di eri-

metta, "
He made four journeysbackward and ward."
for-

IwA, s. trembling.
IwABUBURu, s. wickedness.
IwAui (wa-idi), examination.,
s. investigation,

IwAJE ( ^je),s. the

" act of seeking something to eat ;

gain,profit.
166
 IWA

IwAJu oju),s. presence, front.

( "

IwAKUWA, s. caprice, unsteadiness.

^IwALLE ( ille), s. a digger,one
"
who digs,(appliedto a

male child). See Isokun.

IwALLE s. the
( ille),
"
act of searchingthe house.

^IwA-Mi-MO, s. holiness,sanctity.
IwARA, s, hastiness,rashness,impatience.
IwA-Ri, s. homage, worship (renderedto a king).
IwA-wi, AwAW^i, s. excuse.

close combat, agony.

IwA-YA-iJA, s. struggle,
IwAsu, s. preaching,address.
IwA-SE, s. the finest grain; very fine powder ; the

menses.

IwE, s. book, paper ; a comparison; the act of passing

one thing round another.

IwE, Ollo-ino, kidneys.

s. the

IwERE, s. foolishness,
silliness.

IwERi (we-ori), s. headband.

IwiN, s. ghost,spirit, spectre.

^IwE, s. the act of washing the body.
IwE, s. a speciesof frog; fineness (appliedboth to grain
and cotton);the act of bruisingor crushing (as of

grain,or any hard substance).

IwEFFA (iwe-efFa), s. eunuch, chamberlain.

"IWE-N9,IWE-N9-M0, s. purification, washing.

'Iwo, s. look, appearance ; carnivorous bird, raven : (a
flock of these birds is supposed to be an intimation
of a recent or impending war in the neighbourhood).
"
-'I
wo ologbonko J9 ti asiwere, The appearance of "

the wise differs from that of the fool."

Iw6, Owo, s. a disease in the mouth of infants,which
prevents them from suckingthe breast.

Iwo, Owo, s. a horn.

Iwo, Orogbo, s. a tree, the fruit of which is called the

bitter kola.
'
Iwo, s. the act of (as a
falling house or tree).
167
 ^IWO

IwoLULLE (wo-lu-iile),
s. the act of fellingtrees or

destroying a house.

"IwoRo, s. a worshipperof the gods.

^IwoRo-oRisA, s. an eater of sacrifices ; one who has
taken idols to
worship.
IwoYE (wo-oye),s. a look out : providence,
foresight,
forethought.
Iwo-Yi, s. the present time or season,

Iwo, s. poison which may be administered in food ; a

tree, the sap of which produces blisters.

Iwo, Idodo, s. navel ; crookedness ; the act of dragging
along on the ground,or from one placeto another.

"Iwo, s. suitableness,
fitness ; entrance ; fishhook.

\vfOypers.pron. thou.
IwoFFA (wo-9fFa),
s. one in pawn ; an insolvent debtor
who becomes for a certain period the property of his
creditor.
^IwoN, s. measure, measurement ; a certain quantity
;

adj.so many.
IwoN, s. act of weaving ; act of descendingon as a curse.

IwoN, s. dearth
scarcity, ; the narrow neck of a calabash,
called IwoN-iGBA ; the act of catching any thing
thrown before it falls to the ground.
IwoNDO (won-odo),s. measurement of water, the act of

sounding.
Iwo-NA, pers. pron. thyself.
IwoN-woN, s. dry twig,small branch of a tree, broom-
stick.

IwoRA (w9-ara), s. greediness,ravening.

Iwosi, s. contempt, wrong, injury.
IW9S0,Okuku (wo-asp), s. heap of cotton drawn towards
the weaver whilst at his work.

Iwo-TiKARAWO, IW9-TIKARA-RE, reflec.

pvon. thou thyself,
thou.
^Iwu, s. choice,love,desire, pleasure.
Iwu, s. act of swelling
; act of defilement (saidof water).
168
 IWU

IwuKARA (wu-akara), s. leaven.

^IvA, s. calamity,loss; innocent sufferingof evil; the

act of giving way, turning aside. Tse ko don iya "

ko fobun ki amo enniti iya ndon li ara, ''

Calamity
has no voice ; suffering cannot speak to tell who is
reallyin distress,(and who is complainingwithout
cause)."
Iya, s. madam, mother, mistress ; pot, basin,calabash,
covered vessel ; haste, quickness.
Iyagba (iya-agba), s. matron, elderlywoman.

Iya-la, 5. grandmother.
Iyalle s. mistress,
(iya-ille), wife ; the first or elder
wife. The other wives are called Iyawo.

Iyalle-ero, s. hostess, landlady.

Iyalode ( "
s. title given to wise
ni-ode), women.

Iya- wo, s. newly-marriedwoman, bride.

Iya, s. a tree, the leaf of which is used in wrapping up

Agidi.

Iyalleta ( ille-ta),
"
s. the early part of the morning,
about eightor nine o'clock.

Iyan, s. pounded yams.

^Iyan, s. act of neighinglike a horse, act of gaping.
Iyan-rindide, s. quicksand.
Iyan, s. fear,anxiety;denial, negation, contradiction. "

Ma diyan, "
Fear not."
of
^Iyan,s. famine, dearth, scarcity food ; choice, the act
of choosing.
Iyanju (iyan-oju),
s. encouragement, exhortation,perse-
verance.

Iyannu s. wonder,
(ya-ennu), amazement.

^Iyangbo, s. chafT.

Iyangbe, adj.dry,void of moisture.

Iya-pa, 5. division,separation.
Iyara, s. liveliness.
activity,
activity
Iyari, s. vivacity, ; manifestation of pleasure.
^Iyatto (ya-otto),s. difference.

169 z
 lYE

Iye, s. number, value, price,cost.

Iye, s. understanding,
mind, faculty, memory.
Iye, s. reed on which cotton is wound.

^Iye,s. the act life.

living, of
Iyebiye adj.valuable,of great price,pre-
(iye-bi-iye), cious.

Iyekanbiri s. female
(iye-kan-obiri), relative on the ther's
mo-

side.
Iyekankonri ("
okonri),
s. male relative on the mother's
side.
Iyekuru (eyi-ekuru),s. the very dust ; adj.of the dust.
s. doubt, uncertainty,
Iyemeji (iye-meji), suspense.
Iyeni, Awi-\;e (ye-enni), s. interpretation; understand-
ing-

Iyere, s. a kind of spice.

Iyere, .s. the locust-seed in its raw state.

Iyeye, s. a kind of sour plum.

Iye, s. fitness,comeliness,meetness.
Iye, s. booty,forage.
^Iye,5. dust of worm-eaten trees.

Iye, s. feathers, quill,pen, dow^n ; the act of making

much of. " Awodi lo ire iye nwon li eiye si lo, " The
hawks go away for the moulting season, and (the
ignorant) suppose that these birds are gone for
ever."

Iyefun, s, flour
prepared from yams parboiled and
dried ; flour in general.

^Iye-wo,s. investigation, examination,visit.

Iyin, s. esteem, praise, honour.

Iyi-pada, s. turning,conversion.
Iyiso (yi-aso), s. the pin inserted through a hole in the
weaver's beam in order that he may turn it round
with ease.

Iyoju (yo-oju),s. appearance, a showing the face.

Iyoku, s. (Eng.)yoke.
IvoKiJN s. the rest,remainder.
(eyi-ti-okun),
170
 iyO

IvoN, 5. coral.
IvoNo s. yearning of
(yo-ino), the bowels, tender passion.
com-

Iyonu (yo-ennu),
s. difficulty,
trouble.
Iyo, s. salt.

Ivo-oviBo, s. refined sugar (lit.

white man's salt).
I^oKONRi (eyi-9konri),
s. the very man, the same man.

J.

J A, V. a. to break (a rope) ; drop (from aloft)

; v. n. to
break (as a rope); separate by violence ; come to
the road ; find out ; snatch.
Ja followedhy Lekanna to pinch with
(ni-ekanna), the

nails of the fingers. 0 ja mi " kanna,

le-
He pinched me."
"

Lennu-Ommo (ni-ennu),v. a. to wean

from the breast.

J A, V. fight,
n. to
war, quarrel,
dispute.
hy LoLE (ni-ole),
JAfolloived v. a. rob,plunder.

NiKORo, V. a. contradict,gainsay,op-
pose.

J A, adv.through.
Jade (ja-ode),
i\ n. to walk, go out.

Jagan, adv. roughly,cuttingly, vexatiously,

harshly.
Jagudapali, adv. on account, any how.
any
Jagudujagan, Jagidijagan, s. evil-doer.
Jafara (ja-ifa-ara),
v. n. to be negligent.

Jagun (ja-ogun),
v. n. to fight a battle.

Jagun, s. title of a warrior.

Jahin-jahin, a(/y.throughout,
from one extreme pointto
another.

Jaka, s. cup, mug.

Ja-koro, v. a. to contradict,oppose by answer.

J ALE (ja-ole),
V. a. tosteal,rob.

Jalle, v. n. to go through.
Ja-lu, v. a. to attack unawares.

171
 JAM

Jama (je-aniona), marauders.

s. soldiers, See Amonna.
Jamba 5. damage, mischief.
(ja-ba),
Janjan, adv. intensely (appliedto the heat of the sun). "

'Orun mu janjan, The sun is intensely hot." "

Janduku, s. a wicked person.

Jankavvo, s. soot.

JannajA.nna, s. name of a disease.

Janu (jaennu),v. n. to boast, brag.
Jangboro, s. knee-cap.
Jaoke (ja-si-oke), s. name of a shrub. See Aka.
Jare (je-are), v. n. to be in the right, be just,please.
Ja-si,v. a. to lead to, drop into.
Jagba (ja-ogba), v. n. to perform the task assignedone
who
is in pawn. See Iwoffa.

Jagbajagba, adv. in great confusion, confusedly.

Jata, d. n. to be unconcerned
negligent, about.

Jegbejegbe, adv. unmeaningly.

childishly,
Jenia-jenia, Ajenia, s. cannibal.
Jere (je-ere), v. a. to deserve, gain.

Jerejere, adv. sparklingly, dazzlingly.Ide na ndan "

jerejere, " The

brass is very brilliant."
Je, v. n. to answer ; be ; comply with, be willing.

jE/olloived bi/MA,atix.v. must, ought." Emi ko je ma

se ise na, I ought not to refuse doing the work."
"

Je, v. a. to permit, let. Je ki nlo, Let me go." "

"

Je, v. a. to eat, dine ; owe ; deserve, gain.

Je, Jeje, adv. quietly,easily, softly,gently. Se jeje, "

"
Deal gently,"
Jeballe (je-obba-ille), v. a. and n. to receive the title of

governor; govern.
Jebbi (je-ebbi),
v. n. to be guilty. O jebbioran
"

won,
"
lie
was guiltyin the matter and then sat in a corner."
Je-die-die,
s. a bird so called from its cry.
Jeguduragudu, s. worthless, good-for-nothing
person.
JiIje,adv. See Je.
J e jeje, adc. verv gently,very softly.
"

172
 JO

Jo, V. n. to leak out, drop from an opening or crack,

suck out.

JoGUN (je-ogun), v. a. to inherit the property of the de-

ceased

; take possession of.

JoKo, V. n. to sit,abide, stay,dwell.

JoNA (jo-ina),
v. n. to burn at the fire. " Ohun ti atejumo
ki ijona, If you "
attend to what is roastingit will
not be burnt."
JowERE (ja-6were), v. u. to try hard, struggle,
endeavour.
Jowu (ja-owu),
V. n. to be jealous.

Jo, V. n. to be alike, be similar,resemble.

JoBBA (je-obba),reign,be king over, govern.
v. n. to

Jojo, adv, very, much, exceedingly(always after a verb

of abundance). Enia po jojo,"The people are
"

very
numerous."
JoLLA (je-olla), enjoy the honour due to another.
V. n. to

JoLLo, 5. a kind of long-neckedcalabash.

Jowo (je-owo), permit. J0W9 mi I9W0, Let
V. a. to let, "
"

me (go)."
Ju, V. a. to throw, cast, fling,be more than ; differ.

Ju, sign of the comparative,more. The superlative is

formed by the addition of Lo, Julo, most. IW9 " "

ju mi lo, You are more "

than I." See Buru.

Ju, V. n. to be worm eaten.

JuBA (je-iba),v.a. to have a gratefulremembrance of,

respect, regard,think of
JuDi-juDi, adj.not having a clear head, confused.
JuFU, s. armlet or bracelet of silver or white met?^ (worn

by the royalfamily).
Juju, adj.confused, chaotic.
JuMO (J9-imo)adv. together, in company.

Jure, v. a. to point out, direct,show.

Juwo, (j11-9wo), V. n. to beckon with the hand.

174
 KA

K.

Ka, v. a, to count, reckon ; read ; sit upon, set upon. "

Ka ille," Sit on the ground."

Ka, v. a.to reap, pluck fruits from the tree, roll,fold; fail.

K'a,aclr.round, around, in a circle.

roughly,unevenly.
Kabakaba, adv. irregularly,
Kabiyesi, defect,
v. expressionused
(a respectful on the

approach of a king or great personage); Let us be

all attention.

Kadun, v. n. to be the space of

about a year.
Kafo, s. a kind of tiglit
trousers with long legs.
Kahoro, s. the name of a shrub.

Kainkainka, 5. husk of the guineacornleft after threshing.

Kaka, adv. instead of " Kaka ki okuku wipe, Instead of "

his
saying."
Kaka, adv. forwardly, presumptuously(gene-
officiously, rally
qualifying
V. La). I wo la kaka lo li oddo agba, "

"
Did you push presumptuouslyin to the rank of
elders ?"

Kakanfo, s.war-captain, title of a war-chief.

Kakara, s. pieceof shell,shell.

Kaka, adj.strong, violent, forcible ; stiff,unyielding,
stubborn. "
Agbara kaka li afi mu u,
"
We took it

great violence."
with

Kakansenla, s. plantcalled the monkey-kola(named also

Obiaya).
Kako, v. a. to curl,twist.
Kalle (ka-ille),
v. n. to set down, sit on the ground,
deposit.
Kalle, adv. around, abroad ; spreading abroad ; riously.
noto-

Kalo v. let us
defect,
(ki-ama-lo), go ; may we go?
"9/*0kan),
Kan, adj.(contraction one, a certain one, one

out of many.

Kan, adj. sour, acid, morose, rough, violent, cross,

peevish,sore, painful, v. n. to ache.

175
 KAN

Kan, adj.last,ultimate (appliedto words of action). "

Ase kan re li eyi, This is your last action." "

Kan, v. n. to drop as rain,drip; pluck,nip off.

Kan, v. a. to reach, touch at ; nail,drive in with a

hammer, knock at the door.

Kanna (okan-na),adj.the same.
Kanakana, s. a sling. Enyi ni " ki ama ki ni ki afi
taffii,
'^
le ogun, Kanakana li ofi le Boko, say that
"
You we

should not shoot arrows : with what, then, shall we

repelthe enemy? 'Twas with a slingthat one of old

repelledthe Boko people."

Kanakana, s. a kind of crow with a white streak on the
neck. " Kanakana eyi ti nre Ibara ni,efufii ta a ni

idi pa, oni ise kuku ya,

"
The crow was going to
Ibara ; a
sprangbreeze
w\) behind : That '
will help
me on (saysthe crow)." Kanakana
famously,' " ba kana-
kana

ja,kanakanada kanakana. Odi-eni ! The crow "

"

J foughtwith the crow, the crow conquered the crow.

" 'Once !" It is a favourite Yorubagame to repeat as

many times as possible, without taking breath,sen-

tences

such as the foregoing,containinga recur- rence

of similar sounds. The number of the

is announced
repetitions as each is completed. See
Apatta.

Kanga, s. a well.

Kangara, s. a kind of billhook with a perforatediron

handle. " Enia kan ni iro kangara bo ni li 9W0, " One

man makes billhooks to put into the hands of

others :" i. e. every man has his particular trade.

Kangi, v. n. to come to a hard point,be difficult.

Kangun, v. n. to be at the end, be last.
Kanju, v. n. to be hasty,or in a hurry.
Kanju-Jaiye, s. one who makes haste to be rich ; a

covetous man.

Kanmukanmu, adv. sweetly,with a sweet flavour.

Kankan, adv. quickly,fast.

hastily,
176
 KAN

Kaniiun, 5. rock-salt. " Kanhun li ommo Haiissa,asara li

ommo Oyibo,gombo li ommo Onire, "
Rock salt is
the produce of Haussa ; tobacco is the produce of
the men beyond the sea ; the spoon (withwhich the
mixture of rock-salt and tobacco is retailed)is the
produce of the Chief of Ire."
Kanhunkanhun, adj.sweet-scented.
Kankan, Kanikan, s. fibres beaten soft,and used for the
purpose of ablution in the room of sponge.
Kanki, s. a kind of tighttrowsers used by rich farmers.
Kankun, v. n. to knock at the door.
Kanno, v. n. to be morose, peevish. severe,
Kanra, v. n. to be ill tempered,peevish; fret.

Kanri, v. a. to strike or touch the head with the victim

for sacrifice ; nail the skull to a tree.

Kanrin, Kanrinkanrin, adv. very far off, beyond the

reach of sight,
clean gone. O lo kanrinkanrin," He "

is gone quiteout
sight." of

Kansoso, adj.alone, only,singly. " On ni kansoso li o lo,

"
He went alone."
Kantikanti, s. the gnat, small flies which swarm about

liquor,(supposedto make it sour.) " Kantikanti ko li

y
oran akeregbeli pron, "
The gnats have no quarrel
with the calabash ;" i.e. they swarm about it onlyfor
the sake of the sweet
liquorwhich it may contain.
Kanu, v. n. to be sorry, feel grieffor wrongs done.

Kara, s. a thorny plantof the acacia tribe ; gland.

Kara, adv. (usuallyqualifying the v. la, to split "),on "

a sudden, precipitately ; loudly, dashingly.

Karo, s. a bird,so named from its cry.

Karo, defect,
v. may speak ? we

Is there any thingthe matter?

'KAs,n"iKK,mt"rrog.adv. I

hope there is nothingthe matter : (a questionalways

put when somethingis suspected).
Kasse, v. 11. to walk up and down as in the piazza;
walk slowly and leisurely ; measure by pacing.
177 2 a
 KAS

Kasse, v.n. to terminate, come to an end.

Katakata, a(h. here and there, widely dispersed,scat-

tered

about.

Karawon, s. the conch shell. See Kawon.

Kati, adv. all,whatever ; (usedchiefly

at after the words
Ko st). Kd si kati nibe, There is nothingwhatever
"
"

there."

Kawo, v. n. to observe thingsprohibitedby the gods.

Kawon, Karawon, s. the conch shell.
Karun, v. n. to be the fifth.

Kasa, adv. proudly. See. v. Yan.

Kasa, v. 71. to recite the names of the gods.
Kasa, v. n. adopt a new fashion.
to

Kasan, a running pricklyplant,the fibre of which is

used to mend calabashes.

Ke, v. n. to exclaim,howl. v. a. to cut, chop.

Kede, v. n. to make proclamationabout the town. See
Akede.

Kede, adj.scarce, unfrequent.

Keferi, s. unbeliever, heathen, pagan.
Kegbe (ko-egbe),v. n. to associate,walk as friends,keep
company.
Kegio, Kegiro, 5, a bird, so called from its cry. Ohun
"

kegio ko de orun, "

The cry of the kegip does not
reach the
sky ;" (saidof one whose voice has not

much weight).
Keje, v. n. to be the seventh in order.
Keke, s. small pieces of grass used for castinglots ;
ticket ; the reed or grass on which carded or pared
pre-
cotton is suspended preparatory to spinning;
ticket by which custom is collected.
Keke, adv. (representing
the sound of hard substances
struck qualityis tested.)
by
together, which their
Keke-Idi,Adilu, s. mode of castinglots (a child's game).
Kekeke, adj.small,little (ones),s. name of an esculent
plant.
178
 KEK

Kekelenje, Okelenje, s. a small kind of lizard.

Kekere, adj.little,
small. " Akuko nla ko je ki keker6
ki o ko, A largecock "
does not suffer the small one

to crow."

Kerb, v. n. to be little.

Ke-pe, v. a. to invoke loudly.

Kere-owu, s. cotton-seed.
Kerora (ke-iro-ara), for pain.
v. n. to groan, cry out
Ke-si,v. a. to visit,
call on, call at.
Ketiri,KetT (ko-etiri), adj.benumbed, void of sensation.
Kewu (ke-ewu),v. n. to read ; (term used by the Ma-
hommedans).
Ke, v. a. to indulge; set a snare ; leave in a delicate
state ; cherish. Ake omm9 bi oju, He indulgesthe
"
"

child as (ifhe were) an eye ;" (saidof an dulgent

over-in-

parent).
Ke, v. n. to
grow worse (as a sore); extend; glow; be
hoarse. Egbo ke, ina ke, ohun
" enia ke, "
The sore is

spreading; the fire is glowing ; the throat is hoarse."

Kedogun, v. n. to be the fifteenth in order or row.

Kegan (ko-egan),
v. u. to despise,
to contemn.

Kehin, v. 71. to turn the back.

Keke, the cry of the hen ;
s. a kind of black which
squirrel
preys upon birds ; adv. (qualifying Gbe, to cackle "

as a hen"). Agbebo ngbe keke, "The hen cackles."

"

Keke, adv. gradually.

Keke, s. profound silence. Keke pa mp W9n li ennu ; "

or, Keke pa rere, There is perfectsilence." "

Kekke, s. wheel ; instrument used in spinningmade of a

small ball of baked clay,surroundinga small pointed
stick on which the thread is wound ; spindle.

Keke-pa, v. n. to be quiet,still, dumb.

Keko (ko-eko), v. n. to be learned.

Kelekele, s. spy, traitor,vanguard of an army.

Kelleku, 5. printedmuslin or calico in general. Kel- "

leku tan okun je,ki ije behe, okun re don, "

(The
'179
 KER

printedpattern of) the calico deceives the country

cloth, (which is usuallyonly dyed to conceal its
coarse texture or some flaw in it); (the calico)is
not in reality what (thecountry cloth) takes it to be :

(forwdiilst the fact of its being dyed might make it

seem a coarse fabric), the thread is (found on tigation
inves-
to be) fine ;" i.e.Further acquaintance often
corrects first impressions.

.1 Kerb, s. fool,one easilyenticed or deceived. Ma se ba "

mi sire ti kere ifi igba okun li oron, Do not play "

me the trick by which the fool gets a rope round

his neck."

Ketta, v. n. to be the third in rank or order.

Kettala, v. n. to be the thirteenth.

Kettekette, Ketekete, s. the ass.

Kewa (kon-ewa),
v. n. to be the tenth in order.

Ki, mter. pron. what ? [rel,

pron. in ;) whoso-
composition ever,
whatever. " Ki ni la ? "
What ?"
\l Ki, V. a. to salute, greet. " Enniti ko ki 'ni abo, o pa
adano e' ku ille, "
He who does not salute (hisfriend)
on his return from a journeyforfeits the salutation

(usuallyoffered) to him who has remained at

home."

Ki, v. n. to be thick.
Ki, V. a. to press tight; load ; recite one's praises; fulfil

a term. " Mo kitta," I fulfilled three days."

Ki, conj.that ; though ; KI babba ki ole fu mi, " In order
that my father may give me." (The latter ki is

frequently omitted.) Ki awa ole may ilo, That we

"

be able to go." In interrogative sentences it often

takes the sense of may." Ki awa ki oma lo ?
"
"

"
May we go ? (lit. be going)." Ki aga, ki ago, ede "

ara wa li ako gbo, "We may express different

opinions(^llt. talk this and that), (but)it is because

we do not (clearly) understand one another."
Ki, adv. before a certain time, previously. Ki nto lo, "

180
 KIN

KiNKiN, GiNGiN, adj.very little ; s. a very small tion.

por-

What
KiNLA, inter. }iron. {emphatic) ?
KiNNiu, Keniu, s. lion. " Kinniu di elewon ki erankoki
ki oma iso je,kinniu ko je eran ikasi : Bi yio ba don
ani, bikose erin,bi-ko-se enia, bikose ohun dudu, on

"
ko beru ennikan, The lion is the snare {lit.net) of
J the forest let every : beast take heed how he feeds,
for the lion does not eat stale meat. When he roars

he says, Except the elephant,except man, except

the Uran-utan {lit.the black thing) I fear no-
body."

KiNRiN, v. a, to rub slightlyas with a sponge. " Kinrin

mi li ehin," Rub my back."

KiREJE, KiwEJE (ko-iweje),

?;. w. to twist,entangle; curl
like thread or silk.

KiRi, KiRiKiRi,V. n. to wander, rove about at large.

KiRiBiTi,adv. See Kibiti. Cf.Adagun.
KiRiBiTi, adv. See Kibiti.

Kmi-Mo, V. n. to press, insist upon, be urgent, be impor-

tunate,
apply hard at. Okonri na kirimo ise aso ise, "

The
"
man appliedcloselyto his weaving."
KiRON (ki-oron),v. n. to pray to salute the heaven).
{lit.
KisAN (ki-isan),v. n. to fulfilnine days.

KiTTA (ki-etta), v.n. to fulfilthree days.

KiuN, adj.very little.

KiwEJE, V. See Kireje.
KiYAN, adv. at once. Mo dide kiyan lo si ibe, I started
"
"

at once and went there."

KiYE followedh\)Si (ko-iye-si),
v. a. to notice,behold, ob-
serve.

Kivesara (k-oiye-si-ara),
v. n. to take care of oneself

Ko, y. a. to meet, come togetherface to face ; confront,

oppose ; re-kindle a fire,by heaping togetherthe
half-burnt wood.
Ko followed
hifLojr (ni-oju,
on the face),
v. a. confront,
182
 KC3

meet face to face. " Emi ko o loju, "

I confronted
him."

K6, V. a. to gather,take in alargequantity.

K6, V. n. to harden from overripeness.Ila " ko li oko,
" The ila at the farm has grown hard."

by Jo, v.
Kofolloived a. to gather together.
So, y. a. to govern, restrain.
Ko, Ko, Ho, Ki, Ki, adv. not. Ko is the simple form
of the negative,merely statingnon-existence. Babba "

ko de, "(My) father does not come." Awa ko ja, "

"We did not fight.""Awon agba ko dide, "The

elders did not stir." Ko denies a state or action
attributed to one by another. " Iwo ni mo ri lode,
" I out." Emi
saw you "
ko, elomiran ni, " Not me, it
was somebody else." Ki, same signification
as the last,

but used generally,by euphonic attraction,before a

word beginningwith i. Emi ki ijebi o pe mi, I am "
"

not such as you took me to be." Ho, same cation

signifi-
as Ki. Ki is commonly used instead of Ko in

interrogative
sentences. " Iwo ki mo ri lode ? "
Was
it not you I saw out ?"

Ko, adv. (expressingthe sound of a hard hollow stance).

sub-

KoBiKOBi, adv. (expressive

of the mode of the eruption
of
pimples).
of
KoBiKOBi, adv. (expressive the mode of the eruption
of boils).

KoBiTA,5.a rider's shoes or boots on which spurs are fixed.

KoiTO adv.
(ko-ti-to), not yet,not enough.
KoDEDE, adv. no wonder !

K6-JIN, adj.not far,not deep, shallow.

KoKiKi, V. a. to magnify,speak the fame of. "
Gbogbo
aiye kokiki yika,"All
re the world over do they

speak your praises."

KoKO, KoRiKO, s. grass.
Koko-Gbigbe, s. straw, dry grass.
183
 KOK

KoKo, s. the cocoa, (an esculent root).

KoKO, s. knot on a tree.

K6ko-Ow6, s. knuckles.

KoKo-EssE, KoKosE, s. anklc.

KoKO, adv. very, much, exceedingly. Ara "

ni mi koko,
"
exceedinglystraitened."
1 am

KoKORo, s. worm, grub, insect. Kokoro jiwojiwo,ko- "

koro jobijobilara obi li o wa, enniti nseni ko gbon

'ni lo, (As) the grubs eatingthe iwo, and the grubs
"

eatingthe obi, lodge within the iwo and the obi

nut ; so he that betraysyou is not far from your per-
son."

KoLE (ko-ille),
f a. .
to steal in a dwelling-house,
carry
away house, (lit.
from
to carry away a a house).
feeble,weak, infirm.
KoLERA, aclj.
KoLOLO (ko-ololo),
v.n. to stutter,stammer.
KoLOFiN, 5. a lawless person.
KoMOREKOMORA. (ko-mo-ore-ko-mo-ora), s. an unthank-
ful person.

KoMOKUN, s. the which joinsthe rightand

cartilage left
breast.

Ko-Ni-BABBA,s. Orphan on the father s side.

Ko-Ni-LEKOLONNA (ko-ni-ille-ko-ni-onna),
Asa, 5. bond.
vaga-

KoNKOTO, s. name of a plant;

any thing used by chil-
dren
at play to represent the worship of idols. "

Konkoto orisa ewe,

"
The Konkoto is the play-god

of children."

KoNwoKO, s. a bird so called from its cry.

KoRiKO, s. grass, herb.

KoRiRA (ko-iri-ara),
s. to abhor, abominate, hate. " Ako
rira ko ni nkan odun ko sian sokoto, " As the envious
man is unfit for any society(lit.has nothing),so
grass mattingis unfit for trowsers."
KoRo, V. n. to be bitter. " Akere koro bi
idapa, ''
He is a

little man, but he is as bitter as gall."

184
 KOU

KoRo, Akoso, smelting-pot.

s.

KoRO, adv. v. Jalle, to go

very ; {qualifying tlirough). " "

Okuta la jallekoro, "The rock splitto the very

bottom."

KoROKORo, 5. brass bells put on horses' necks.

KoROPOMU, s. name of a plant.

KosiAN, KosuAN, KosuwA (ko-son-ewa),
adj. improper,
indecent.

Ko-si-NKAN, adv. there is nothing; it is empty.

Koso, s. drum.
KosoRo (ko-se-oro),adj.easy, possible.
KoTnro, Koito, adv. not yet.
Koto, adv. not enough.
Koto, s. pit,hole, ditch.

KoTo-AiYA, s. the hollow between the breast-bone and

the stomach.

KoTO-jiGONRON, s. ravine.
deep valley,
Koto-Oke, s. valley.
KowE, s. a bird so called from its cry.

Ko, V. 71. refuse,be unwilling,

to rebel, revolt.
Ko followedhy Sille (si-ille),
v. n. to abandon, refuse.

Kd, Ho, adv. not. See Ko.

Ko, v.a. to teach, instruct

learn,acquire, ; build. " Mo ko
ise kan, " I learnt a work."
Ko, V. a. to emit flashes of light(as lightning)
; be vivid ;
call one at a distance, write, make marks upon,
tattoo. " Manamana ko san,
"
It lightensvividly." "

Mo ko si 'o li oko ngko gbohun re,

"
I called out for

you in the farm but did not hear your voice."

Kofolloived hy Nila, v. a. to tattoo, circumcise.

KoBBi, s. buildings
in the king'spalace,projecting build-
ings,

palace. Enia lassan ko ni kobbi olowo ko ni

"

"
ilari, As no (subject, however) rich, may possess a
herald, (a privilegebelonging exclusivelyto the
king) ; so it is not every man who may possess a

palace."
185 2 B
 KOB

KoBRi-Konni, adv. with many projections.

Ko-DE, adj.not ripe,not soft.

Ko-FE, v.a. to dislike,refuse.

KoiiAN, V. n. not to appear, not to shew.

Koi-Koi, adv. indirectly,

suspiciously.Agalamasa "
o rm

koikoi", A rogue "

suspiciously." walks
KojANNA (ko-ja-onna), of the way)
adj.{lit.ywi ; absurd ;

not ria:ht.
KojA, V. a. to pass by, omit.
Ko3A, prep, above, beyond.
Kojusi, V. a. to turn the face to, pay attention to, face. "

Babba koju rere si mi, "

The father looks favourably
towards me." " Obba koju buburu si aw on olotte,
"
The king looks at the rebels with an evil eye."
KojujAsr,v.a. to resist,
withstand, face,oppose.
Ko-KARA, V. n. to howl aloud. "
Ikokara, s. a loud howl-

Kola, v. a. to tattoo, circumcise : {a decent express'mito

he used in translation instead of Dako).
Kola, v. n. to bebe circumcised.
tattooed,
KoLERu, having no fear.
adj.fearless,
Kolla, s. a kind of bitter fruit.
KoLOKOLO, s. fox. " Kolokolo iba ku adire ko sokun : ko-

l9kol9 ko gba adire sin,

"
When the fox dies, the
fowls never mourn ; for the fox never rears up a

chicken."

KoLOFiN, 5. confined or secret place,corner.

KoLu, V. a. to attack with impetuosity.
K6n" v. n. to be full.
fill,
Km followedbi/Lowo, v. a. to strengthen,assist.

Ko'niko'ni,Ko'ni, v.a. to teach, instruct.

KoNKOsso, KoKOsso, s. a straw-sieve. " Konkosso ko da
ku elubo, " The sieve never sifts flour by itself,
i. e.
without some one to hold it."
KoN, KuN, V. n. to grumble, murmur, hum.

KoN, KoNRiN, v.n. to sing.

186
 KON

KoNRON, KoRo, s. the bed of a brook or river,valley.

KoKOROGUN ,5.an iron wire used to wind the warp- thread on.

KoKiJ,adj.green.
KoN-SA, v.n. to dart, pounce upon (asa bird upon its
prey),descend with full force.

KoRE, V. n. to disagree, be unfriendly.

K9RISI(ko-ori-si) v. a. to move towards {lit.
turn the head

towards).
KosiLLE, (ko-si-ille)v. n. to refuse.

KossE, (k9-esse),
v. n. to strike the foot,
trip,stumble.
KossEBA ba), V. ("
a. to meet by chance, come upon
accidentally.
KosoKO, s. a bird so called from the motion of its tail.
KoTi, ado. heavily,
gloomily,sullenly,with reluctance.
Koto, adj.wrong, crooked, contrary.
Ku, s. a word of salutation.
Ku, V. n. to die, wither, be blunt.
Ku, V. a. to sift. V. n. to be busy here and
there,to thun-
der
low, blow into dust. " Ku si ille ku si ode, To "

go in and out ;" L9 si ihin lo si ohun, "To go here and

there ;" Re oke re odo, "To go up and down," "
are

synonymous all signifying,

expressions, "to be busy."
"
'Ojo kii, "
It thunders."
Ku, V. n. to terminate,end suddenly,come short.
KuBusu, s. wool, blanket.
KuDON, V. a. to be fond of,like very much.
KuDURu, adv. in a small round
body.
KuFE-KUFE, s. confident boasting.
Ku-GBE, V. n. to be undone, perish. Mo "
kiigbeli ehoro
idon li oko, mo mu owo ra li aparo idon li abbababa,
'*
'I am is the cry
perishing,' of the hare in the field;
'
I am a is the
spendthrift,' cry of the partridgeon
top of the barn."
Ku-GBU, V. a. to sallyforth upon, rush upon without sideration.
con-

Kuiiu, adv. (qualifijing

v. 116,
to make a noise as of a great
187
 KUK

iniiltitude or a vast Nvvon

water-fall). " nho kuhu,
"
They are making great noise."
a

KuKU, adv. rather. " Kukii lo, Go rather (thanstay),"

"

KuKU, s. the part of the Indian corn on which the grain

grows.
KuKUMO, 5. shirt,
country coat with sleeves.

KuKUNDUKU, s. potatoe, the sweet potatoe.

KuKURu, adj.short.
KuKUTE, s. stem, stock. See Ajagajigi.

KuMo, s. a short stick for self-defence.

K'jN,V. n. to remain ; v. a. to rub, daub, paint.

KuN, V. a. to burn, set fire to, enkindle.
KuN or KoN followedhy Loju, v. a. to appreciate,
value,
regard.
KuNKUN, adv. loudly,aloud.
KuNLE, V. n. to kneel down.

KuNUNKoiio, name of a tree very like the cotton tree.

KuNLE, V. n. to kneel down, fall upon the knees.

KuN-NA, V. n. to be fine (aspulverizedflour).
KuRo, adv. away, oiF. " Ya kuro, "
Give way." -Mu u "

kuro, " Take away." it " O kuro "

nibe, He is away
from the place."
KuRu, V. n. to be short. " Ommode yikiiru ju ti ohun lo,
"
This child is shorter than the other."
Ki Ri BA, {ivordadopted
from the coast)s. pail,bucket.
KuRuiiu, 6'. sound of alarm to fowls at the approach of a

a bird of prey.
KuRUKu, KuKu, s. fog,vapour, mist,
KusA (ku-isa),
v. a. to make a courageous attempt.
Ku-si, V. a. to terminate.
KiiTA (kii-ita),
v. a. to experiencea dull market, find a

bad sale.

KuTUKUTU, very earlyin the morning. Kutukutu

s. ki "

iji*ni li erin meji,kutukutu ni ije owuro, biri ni ije

alle," The dawn does not come twice to wake a man ;
the dawn is the time to begin work {lit.
the earliest
188
 LAI

Laill:ri ( ni-eri),
" adv. without defilement,purely.
Lailo, adj.unused.
Laimore ( mo-ore), adv. ungratefully.
"

Lairi, rtr^".
unseen, invisible.
Lainipekun (ni-ai-ni-ipekun), adv. without end.
Laisettan ( se-ettan)," adv. without deceit, unfeignedly.
Laiya (ni-aiya), adj.bold,brave.
Laiye (ni-aiye), adv. in the world.

Laiye, adj.unfit,unworthy.
Laja (la-ija), v. a. to reconcile,make peace.
Lajo ( 'ejo)
" V. a. to settle a dispute.

La-kaka, v. n. to strive with all one's might, press,

struggle; presume, intrude.
Lakalaka, s. a hop on one leg; a game in which dren
chil-

sing, Lakalaka tombo, lakalaka tombo," as

'''

they hop along,

Lakari, s. patienceunder vexation. Lakari babba iwa, "

bi o ni suru ohun gbogbo li o ni, Patience is the best "

of dispositions : he who possesses patience,possesses

all things."

Lakise, adv. however.

Lako v. a. to gaina prize,
(ni-ako), win a race.
Lakoko (ni-akoko), adv. punctually; exactly ; precisely

(asto time or place).

La-ku-egbe, s. a kind of rheumatism.
Lakotan adv. finally,
(ni-ako-tan), totally,altogether.
care, solicitude ; agitation,
Lala, s. trouble,distracting the
act of wronging ; labour.

Lalla (la-alla),
v. n. to dream a dream.
Lamoran (la-im9-oran), v. a. to propose, advise, plan.
Lanna (ni-anna),
v. n. to make a road or path; propose,
suggest; ordain, order.
Lanna (ni-anna), adv. yesterday.

Lara, prep, in ; by, through; on; among.

'

Lapata, Massa, ."?. a kind of cake made of maize.

Lara, s. the castor-oil plant.

100
 LAR

Lara (ni-ara),adj.stout, bulky.

Lara, prep, from, by, in (Ut.on the body) .

Larin ( arin), jyrep. between, amidst, among.

"

Larinka (oni-rin-ka), s. domestic rat.

Lare (ni-ire),
adj.tiresome, wearisome, fatiguing.
Larekereke (ni-areke-reke), adj.crafty,
cunning.
Lassan (ni-assan),adv. in vain, for nothing,to no pose.
pur-

Latetekose, adv. in the beginning.

Latetekowa, adv. at the first coming.
Lati ("
ati), from
j;rej;. (a place or time); to; in order
that.

Latihinyilo, Latinhilo, Latisisiyilo (ni-ati-ihin-eyi-lo

adv. from henceforth,hereafter.
Latori (ni-itori),conj.on account of,because,for.
Lawani Rawani (ni-iwa-ni), s. belt,girdle.
Lawu, adv. all 's well. (An answer to the tation,
salu-
"
Alalia ko? "
Are you well ? or,
"
Is it

?")
peace
Laye (ni-iye),adj.to be alive.
Laye ( aye),adj.capacious,
"

roomy.
Le, adj.able, powerful,possible.
Le, aux. V. can, may, might. Iwg le ilo,"You "
are able to

go." On le ipada, He may return."

"
"

Le, v. n. to appear (as a new moon), appear on the sur-

face,

blister, v. a. to drive,pursue. Osu le, "The

"

new moon appears." " Ommode le ei'yeli oko, "

The

boy drove the birds off from the farm."

Le, v. n. to be more than the number specified;exceed.

Le, v. n. to be hard, strong.
Leke, v. n. to be above, be prominent.
Legungoko, s. name of a tree, the leaf of which is pounded
into powder and used for sauce.

Lekeleke, s. crane.

Lepolepo, s. name of a plantbearing a yellowflower.

Lera (le-ara),
v. n. and adj.to be healthy,
be strong.
191
 LER

Leri (le-ori)
v. n. to promise ; boast,brag.

Leri, Lori (ni-ori), adv. above,on the top.

Le-ti (ni-eti),prep, near, by, close to, on the border of.
Lewu ( ewu), adj.dangerous,perilous.
"

Le, v. n. to replenish ; patch, be elastic,pliable. Le "

sokoto mi fun mi, "

Patch my trousers for me."
Le, v. to be
lazy,indolent.
n.

Le, Lo, v. a. to transplant, ingraft; to be night; to lay

any thing soft or flat lightlyon another. " Alle le,
"
Night is come."
JLebbe, s. the fin of a fish ; any flat thing,used as a

pendant.-^Bi apeja tan, lebbe eja ni iha ejali ennu,

"
When a fish is killed,its tail is inserted into its

own mouth," appliedto those who reap the fruit of

their own misdoing.
Leiie,adv. (a word of approbation),
well; that is right;
you have hit the mark.
Leiiin pre}), after,behind, on the
(ni-ehin), back.
Leiiinleiiin,adj.backward, further back.
Lerinkan, Lekan (ni-ara-okan),adv. once, at once, once

more, still.
Lekarun (ni-ara-kon-arun),adv. fifthly,the fifth time.
Lekeji ( eji),adv. second time, secondly.
"

Lekerin ( erin), adv. fourthly.

"

Leketta ( etta),adv. thirdly.

"

Lekinni ( ekinni)adv. first,

"
in the first place.
Lekun (ille-ekun),s. door.

Lelle, adj.bending,pliant,yielding(appliedgenerally
to the wind).
Lemeji, adj.twice.
Lemarun, adj.five times.
Lemerin, adj.four times.
Lemetta, adv. thrice,three times.

Lesse-esse,Lesse in
Lesse, adv. orderly, a row.

Lewit, s. down of thepalm tree, used by the natives for

tinder when a light
striking with flint and steel.
192
 LI

"
Li, L',an of the verb Ni,
chanrje
eiqiho)iic to have,"before
words with
beginning a, e, e, o, o, u ; e.g. Mo li owo,

for Mo ni owo, "T have money." On li aso^/or On

ni aso, "
He has clothes."

Li, h\pre]). changefrom '^ijprep.

{euphonic as from,
above),
at, in.
LiLE_,adj.solid,hard. s. hardness.

LiLE, verbal adj.that which is to be driven.

LiLE, verbal adj.that which is to be transplanted.
LiLE, verbal adj.that which is to be increased ; elastic.

LiLo, Ilo, 5. a going,departure.

LilF,s. an porcupine tribe which lodges
animal of the
"
under rocks. (Hence the song, Lili ommo abbe

okuta, LilT,a child from under the rock.")

"

LiLiLi,adv. a little here and a little there.

Ld, v. a. and n. to use, make use of; be elastic,bending.

LoBOTUJE, Olobotuje 5. the
(ui-ibo-tu-ejje), fignuttree.
Lode adv. outside,without.
(ni-ode),
LoDi ( odi),adv. on the contrary.
"

LoGiDo ( ogido),
" 5. monkey.

Loju prep, before,in

(ni-oju), the face of,in presence
of.
LojiJi adv. suddenly,abruptly.
(ni-ojiji),
LojojuMo, adv. day by day, daily.
in the
before,in front,in presence {lit.
L,oju,prep. eye of).
LojuRERE, adv. favourably,graciously.
LoKE, prep, upon, on the top, above.
LoKiTi, Olokiti, s. a false bottomed vessel used for

potash.
straining
LoNi, s. to-day.
LoRi, v. a. to whirl round.

LoRi, Leri, jyrep. above, on top.

LoRU adv. by night,during the night.
(ni-oru),
LoTO adv. surely,
(ni-olit9), truly,verily,justly.
L6wo ( owo),V. n. to be rich,possess money, be wealthy.
"

LoYUN (ni-oyun),v. n. to be pregnant,conceive.

193 2 c
 LOS

Loso, V. n. to squat like a clog.

Lo, V. n. to go, depart,leave, be away.
Lo, adv. more than, most.
Lo, Le, v. to engraft.
transplant, a. to

Lo, adj.contrary, deviating;twisted, not direct; to be

moderately warm, lukewarm. " Omi na 16 wowo,

"
The water is lukewarm."

Lo, V. a. to grind; institute an inquiry; cry out for lost

goods.
Lo-DURU, play the fiddle. See Luduru,
V. n. to

Logan (ni-ogan),adv. instantly,immediately.

LoHUN, LoiiuNYi (ni-ohun), adv. there,yonder.
LoDDO (ni-oddo),prep, from, with, by, at (applied
to

persons).
LoDODUN (ni-odun-odun), adv. yearly, year by'year.
LoKKo (ni-okko), adv. on board, aboard.
LoLLA (ni-9lla), s. to-morrow.

LoLLA, v.n. to be honoured, be in authority.

LoLo, Lowo-Lowo, adj. lukewarm, fetid, adv. lately,

recently.
Lopoiio, V. n. to increase in growth as the ear of Indian
corn before it becomes full. Agbado wonyi lopoho"

gbogbo, The ear of corn increases in bulk."

"

LoRA (lo-ara), v. n. to be slow, linger, delay.

LoRo (ni-or9),v.n. to be rich.

LossAN (ni-ossa), adv. by day,during the day.

LossELossE, LossossE (ui-osse), adv. weekly.

Lososu (ni-osu), adv. monthly.
Lowo (ni-9wo), prep, from, in, at, under the influence of.

LowoLowo, adv. lately. See Lolo.

Lmvowo, adj.lukewarm.
Lu, V. bore, perforate,v.
a. to n. to be be
perforated,
discovered; appear.
Lu, V. a. to beat,strike,knock.
Lu, V. a. to mingle,put several thingstogether; rate.
adulte-

194
 LUD

LuDURu, V. a. to play the fiddle by beating the string

with a stick.
LuHA (lu-iha),verbal adj.not easilysolved, difficult,
knotty.
Luju, LuREKOJA, V. a. to beat excessivelyor severely.
Lu-KORO, V. n. to hint or speak evil againstanother in
order to provoke him.
LuLLE (lu-ille),
V. n. to strike on the ground.
Lulu, adv. entirely(qualifyingson,
"
to burn"). "
Awa
son iggina lulu, We burnt the " wood to ashes."

LuMo, .V n. to hide oneself,hide ; be hidden.

LuRu, s. the dried and pulverizedleaves of the trees
Okitipo, Egungun, and Ose, used for sauce.

LuwE, V. n. to bathe.

M.

Ma, defect,
v. to be doing, be in the practiceof (con-
veying
the idea of a continued action). " Ma lo, "
Be

going." Behe ni inia " ise lojojumo, "

So he does

daily." Ma k9Jirsiise
"
re gidigidi, Be "
very tive
atten-

to your work."
Ma, adv.
(a negativeparticleused only in imperative
with se added), not.
sentences, and frequently Ma "

rufin mo,
"
Do not break the law any more." " Mase

pania, " You must not kill." (When ma alone is

used, SE is understood.)
Ma, adv. indeed, truly,very. " I wo ma seun jogo, "
You
^'
are indeed very kind." "
Ma ma se yaju si mi, deed
In-

you must not be insolent to me." " Ma ma se

ma ba won lo si igbe ole, "

Pray do not go with
them kidnappinginto the bush."
Madekoso, s. a beggar who goes from house to house to
tell news, by which he gainshis livelihood.
Madimilorun (ma-di-mi-ni-orun), s. a dropsicalperson
(so called from his desire to enjoythe heat of the
sun). See Asonkon.
195
 MAD

Madofun, s. a kind of white, well-dressed leather.

Magaji, s. heir, the first-born.

Maiiurumaiiuru, s. cry of a beast of prey.
Majala, s. soot ; burnt grass ; flake. Bi ina ba jo oko "

majala afo wa ille, When "

fire burns in the fields,

the flakes flyto the town."

Majemu, s. covenant, agreement between persons as to

certain specifiedparticulars.
Majew E, Majere, saddle-band.
s. girth,

Malu, s. bull, cow, ox.

Mama, adv. not indeed.

Mam9ja (mo-amo-ja),v. n. to guess, conjecture.

Malaju, 5. a kind of water rat remarkable for stupidity.
See Ago.

Mana, s. name of a bird ; kind of white fowl.

Manamana, s. lightning.
Manamana, s. a kind of snake.

Maranmaran, adv. dazzlingly,glisteringly.

Awojiji "

ndan maranmaran, The glassglisters

"
brightly.
Mararun, adj.the W'hole of the five,all five.

Marimaje, s. one who makes no choice of food.

Mariv/6, *. slipsof palm leaves.
Massa, s. a kind of pancake.
Masso, adv. only,even.
Mate, 6-. a snare for birds and beasts.
Mato, adj.not to be touched, respected,
sacred.

Mayafi, s. sash, belt. See Law^ani.

Mayami, s. small bag used by hunters, containingammu-

nition.

Maraduro (mu-ara-duro), v. n. to contain, endure.

Masai (ma-se-ai),adv. (two negativesequivalentto an

"
emphaticaffirmative). Masai wa, You must surely "

come." Masai wi, "You

" must tell (me)."
Masegbin, 5. a speciesof deer.
Mbe, v.subst. to be, exist,live.
Mbe-nibigbogbo
"
(mbe-ni-ibi-gbo-gbo),
s. omnipresence.

196
 MIN

abbe; " The burning heat of the sun is not like the
keenness of a razor."

MiNA, s. (Gr.)pound.
MiRAN, M7, adj.another, something else. {Contracted
from Omiran.)
Mo, pers.proti. I.
Moju-KURO (ms-oju-kuro), v. n. to take off one's attention.
More (m9-ore),v. n. to be grateful, know and ledge
acknow-
kindness done to one.

MoRu (mu-oru),adj.sultry, close,warm.

Mo YE (mo-oye),v. ?i. to have power of perception
; be

prudent,discreet.
Mo, pers.pron. {forMo before short vowels.) I.
Mq,v.n. to be clean, clear, lightas the day. v. a. to

stick on, adhere, cleave to.

Mo, Mu, -y. n. to drink, suck.

Mo, V. a. to build.

Mo, V. a. to know, perceive,

recognise; understand.
Mo, adv. again,any more ; {frequently precededhy Ma or
Mase). " Mase lo mo, "
Do not go again." Ma duro "

mo, "Do not stay any longer." Ma wa mo, "Do

"

not again."
come

Mo, prep, against. Okonri na se illekun "

mo mi, "
The
man shut the door againstme."

Modi, v\ n. to fortifywith walls.

MoDU-MODUN, MoNUMONu, s. braiu ; marrow. " Modu-

m9du babba ejje, "

Marrow is the father of blood."
Modumodun-Egungun, s. marrow and fatness of the
bone.
MoiiuNGBOGBO (mo-ohuu-gbo-gbo),
adj. knowing all

things,omniscient.
Moi-Moi", s. a kind of cake.
MojE (mo-aje),
v. n. to undergo the ordeal by water.
MojuMo (mo-oju-mo),v. n. to dawn, be light.
MoKANLA, adj.eleven.
Mokokanla, adj.the whole of the eleven.
198
 MOK

MoKOKO (ino-iko-ko),
v.n. to make country pots; smoke
apipe.
MoKUN (mi-ikun), v. n. to halt, walk lame.

MoLLE (mp-ille), v. n. to conspire,bargain secretly ;

shine, givelight.
MoLLE (mo-ille),adv. close to the ground, adhering to
the ground.
Mora (mo-ara),adv. closely, near to. Fa ommo mora, "

"
Take the child near (you)."
MoTi-MOTi, adv. closely, hard to, hard by, near to.

/ MoTTi-MOTTi, Omotti, s. drunkard. " Mottimotti ko mo

agbe ji,9motti gbagbe ise ijaba,"The drunkard

cannot drink a hole in a calabash,though he may
drink so forgethis trouble."
as to

MoTTiYo, (mo-otti-yo),
v. 7i. to be drunken; to have

drunk to the full.

Mu, take,bring,hold, seize,catch.

V. a. to

Mis/ollowedhy Kuro, v. a. to take away.

Pada, v. a. to return any thing,bring
back, restore.

Wa, v. a. to fetch,bring.
Jena, v. a. to heal a wound or sore.

Mu, adj,sharp,acute, keen.

Mu, V, n. to sink,disappear,be immersed in water or

among a crowd.

Mu, s. {Haussa, Sinkafa), rice.

MuLLE, V. n. to strike firmlyon the ground.
MuNu, V. n. to be active,warm, fiery.
MuRA, V. a. to prepare, make oneself ready; {Imp.mood,
"
ready ").
make "
Emi ti mura tan, "
I have been

ready."
Muse, v. a. to bring to pass, make effectual,perform.

N.

N, signo{ presentpart.
Na, adv. already,so soon ; in the first place,first. "
I wo

199
 NA

te de na ? "
Are you come already?" " Tete se eyina,
"
Do this first."

Na, pron. the same, that. " Okonri na ni, "

That is the
same man."

Na, Ne, v. a. to spend, trade. " Ovvo ti mo na lonl po

jojo, "
I have spent much money to-day." Oja "
ti

m9 na ko san mi, My trade does

"
not pay me."
Na, v. a. to flog,whip. " Balle na esin re ni pa san me-

rin, The "

master of the house floggedhis horse with
four
stripes."
Na, Ne, v. n. to spread,extend. "
M9 na owo si'o,"I
stretched out my hand to you." Na "

as9 ni sa fun
mi, "Spread out that cloth to dry for me."
Naga, Nega (na-iga),v.n. to stretch oneself so as to
reach an object.
Nagudu, s. very full trowsers confined round the foot.
Naja
\J (na-oja),
v. n. toemploy oneself in trading; to trade.
"
Enniti a mba inajali awo aid iwo ariwo oja, You "

must attend to your business with the vendor in the

market, and not to the noise of the market."

Namai, ring used by archers for drawing their

s. a bow.
Naro (na-iro),
v. n. to stand upright.
Nani, v. a. to care for,be concerned
about, make much of.

Na-tantan, v. a. to stretch with violence,throw into vulsion

con-

or spasm.
Nawo (na-owo),v. n. to spend money.
Nawo, v. n. to stretch the hand ; pass from one hand to

another.
Nawo-nawo, profligate,spendthrift. s. a

Nan, Ndan, adv. (used at the end of a questionto giveit

emphasis). IW9 le ise iru ohun behe ndan, "Are"

you able to do such thingsthen ?"

Ndawo, adv. no, never.

Nega, v. See Naga.

Ng, Ing,jjers. pron. I used
{frequently instead of Emi and

Mo.)
200
 NI

Ni, dem. jDrow.'that

{referring
to somethinq stood).
under-
previously
" Kinni ni nko, " Where is that thing?" {Com-
pounded
with Bi it assumes the sense o/*though.) Bi "

emi ko ti le ilo ni, sugbon mo mo ohun gbogbo ti

enyin se,
*'
Though I could not go, yet 1 know all
that you did."
Ni, pron. contraction ofEnni, one, some one, (usedinde-
finitely.)
" Babba ba 'ni wi, "(My) father rebuked
one." "
O wi fun 'ni pe on yioI9, "
He told us that he
would go."
Ni, i\ a. to have, possess, get, put in possession,load (as
a ship or canoe). " Mo ni fiUa meji daradara, "I
have two good caps." " Awa niko, " We have loaded
the canoe." See Li, L'.
Ni, V. n. to say. "
Mo ni ki o wa,
"
I say that he will
come."

Ni, v. subs, to be, is, it is,being. ( Used in opposition

to

Ko, "Not.")" Emi ni, "It is I."" Emi ko, "It is

not I."
^i followedhy Lara (ni-ara),
v. n. to be hard, uneasy,
to be uncomfortable, be inconvenient.
" Ise na ni mi lara, " The work is
not easy for me."
NiRAN, v. a. to remind, put in brance.
remem-

" Mo ni o niran oro iio ni,

"I remind (you) of that day'sword."
Ni, prep, at,by,from,in,on, for euphony,
to. (Ni is changed,

ifitoLi or L' " which see "

beforeall the vowels except i);
e.g. Babba wa mbe li oko, "
(My) father is in the farm ;''
instead of Ni oko. Ni, Lr, and more commonly l,

expressing
a condition or state,are very much used in

composition
: the word to which it is joined modifies
or

determines the signification;

e.g. Loke (li-oke),
"on

top." " NisALLE (ni-isalle),

at
"
the bottom." " Gba
aso wa lowo (li-owo) re, "Fetch cloth from his
hand." "
O mbe loddo re,
" It is by him."
" " .

201 ^-^
 NIB

NiBAYi, adv. there, yonder.

NiBi, prep, in at a place,
NiBi-KAN, adv. somewhere placeor locality. ; in one

NiBi-KiBi adv. anywhere, whithersoever,

(ni-ibi-ki-ibi),
wherever.
NiBiTi ( "
ti),adv. at the placewhich, where.
NiBE ( "
be),adv. there, thence.
NiBO (ni-ibo),
interr. adv. Where ?

NiBo, adj.wide, broad, v. n. to be broad.

NiBOMiRAN, NiBOMr (ni-ibi-omi-ran), adv. elsewhere, in

another place.

NiBu, NiBUBU (ni-ibu), s. a cross.

Nidi, prep, concerningabout.

N IDA- Y ED AYE, adv. now and then.
NiGBA adv. while, when, at a particular
(ni-igba), time.
Nigbarugb' ( ku-igba), adv. oft, often, always,often-
"
times.

NiGBA-MiRAN,NiGBA-T\iT,adv. sometimcs, at times.

Ni-gbangba, adv. publicly,

openly.
NiGBAWo ( "
ewo) ? adv. inter, adv. when ? at what
time ?
NiGBosE " adv. by and by.
( igba-ti-o-se),
NiGBATi adv. when, while, at the time
( ti),
"

NiGBA-GBOGBo, adv. always,at all times.

NiGBANi (ni-igba-ni),
ado. in time of old, in ancient
times.
NiGBAYi (ni-igba-eyi),
ado. now, at this time.
NiGBEiiiN adv. hereafter, afterwards.
NiiiA ( iha), " about a place,on the side of.
I?/""?/".
NiiiiN, NiiiiNYi (ni-ihin-eyi), adv. hence, here.
NiiiiNYiBAYi (bi-eyi), adv. here in this place.
NiJETTA (ni-ijo-etta), s. the day before yesterday.
NiJOKANLOGBON ( okan-le-9gbon), adv. seldom."

NiJOKETTA (kon-etta), s. the third day.

Nijo-GBOGRO, adv. daily,every day.

Ni-KAN, adj.alone, single.
202
 NIK

NiKAN-soso, adv. solely,

singly.
NiKEiiiN adv. afterward, finally.
(ni-iko-ehin),
NiKo, Nko, adv. (usedat ike end of a question),
then,
how then. "
lya re nko, "
Howis your mother then ?"

Eyi ha nko, How

"
"
is this then ?"
NiKOKo (ni-ikoko), adv. in secret, secretly.
Ni-LAi-LAi, adv. of old,in time past.
Ni-LOLO, adv. lately, of late.
NiLA, adj. large, big. Illugi nila, This "
"
town is

large."
Nina (ni-ina), v. n. to have length,to be long.
Ni-ni,s. owner ; property.

NiNi, adv. very, exceedingly {qiiaUfyingv. tutu, to be cold).

" O mi tutu nini, ''
This water is very cold."

NiNi, s. hailstone.

NiN6,j9?'ep.
among, from,inside,from within.

NiNo-NiNo, adj.inmost.
NiPA, NiPASsE, prep, by,through,in,according.
NipEKUN, V. n. to have an end, terminate.
Nipo prep, instead, in
(ni-ipo), the room of.

NiPON, V. n. to be thick at the edge (as a plank).

NiRAN (ni-iran),
v. n. to remember, call to mind, have a

recollection of.
NiRiN, s. a kind of rat.
NisALLE prep, underneath, beneath, below.
(ni-isalle),
Nisi, V. n. to care, be concerned about a thing Emi "

ko nisi, "
I have no care about it."
adv.
Ni-si-si-Yi, justnow, directly.
soon, now,
NiSAJu adc. before,formerly.
(ni-isa-ju),
NiTi, adv. in that,because that.

NiTORi, NiTORiNA, Ntori, Latori conj.be-

(ui-itori), cause,

on account of, wherefore, for the sake of. "

Nitori mi li o se wa,
"
He came on account of me."

" Nitori ki ni ? "

On account of what ?"

NiTosi, s.neighbourhood.
Nitoto adv. in truth, truly.
(ni-ti-oti-to),
203
 NIW

NiWA, V.71. to have a be affable,be

good disposition,
kind ; good quality.See Ireke.
have a

yNiWAJu (ni-iwa-oju), pre}), (iised beforea place or per-

son'^
forward ; before, beyond, in, from. Nwon koja "

niwaju ille wa, " They passed before our house." "

Niwaju li ati ijogun ehin li ati ise agba, A man

"

may be born to a (large)inheritance ; but wisdom

only comes with lengthof days."

Niw^oYi (ni-iwo-eyi), adv. now, about this time,

NnvoNBi, adv. inasmuch as.

NiYENiNO (ni-iye-ni-ino),
v. n. to have a good memory,
be understanding.
NiyIn ( iyin),
"
adj.grand, famous, (lit.having fame).
Njebi, Nje, adv. if then, if so, therefore.
Nkan, Okan), s. a certain thing,
(contracted from Oiiun
a thing,something; goods.
Nkan-ki-nkan, 'pron. any thing,whatsoever, whatever.
Nko (on-ko),adv. not, (lit.it is not that).
Nla, adj.great, large.
Nla-nla, adj.very great, very large.
Nn, adv. not, (frequently used in exclamations) No !
No!
'^0 followedby No, v. a. to wipe off,erase.
No, v.n. to be lost. " Ommo ki ino bi eranko, "
A child
cannot be lost like a beast."
No, adv. off,away. " Gbe e ju no,
"
Cast it away." " -Ko
o da no, "
Gather them and throw them away."
Nso, NsoKALO, V. n. {imp.mood) proceed, go on, let
us go.
NwoN, AwoNG, they. pers. pron.
'NYiN,|;e?*5.
jjron. (contr.
of lEtNYi^),
you.

O, j^ron. 2d yers. sing,(usedfrequentlyinstead of Iwo be-

fore
long vowels i,e, o),thou O ri mi,/or, Iwo rimi, "

204
 OBO

Obo, 5. hint,privateinformation.
Obo, s. foster-parent.
nurse,
Obo, s. an instrument used for cleansingcotton seed.
Obotuje (bo-tu-ejje)
Olobotuje, s. the fignut plant.
Obu, adj.having no principle of life,
unsavoury, insipid,
flat. s. a stale egg ; a kind of saltish rock. Obu ko "

J
to iyo, "
Obu is not to be compared to real salt."

Ode, s. out-of-doors,street.
(/ Ode s. a kind of small bat. " Bi ako ri adan afi ode sebo,
"
Ifyoucannot obtain a largebat for sacrifice,
a small one

will do instead;"^.e. one must takethewill for the deed,

t/ Odi, s. malice." Bi ino ko li odi, odi ani ino, "

If a man

(lit.the mind) is not malicious, some one will be

malicious againsthim."
Odi, s. a walled fortification round the town, fort; a
dumb person, one who has lost the power of speech.
^Odi, s. contrariety,
perverseness.
Odidi, 5. bunch, cluster,the whole of any thing.

Odidi-Ogedde, s. cluster of banana-fruit.

Odino, 5. a passionateperson.
ODd,s. brook, river. " Odo, gbe ma gbe oruko, "The
1/
stream may dry up, but the water-course retains its
name."" Enniti o W9 odo li onno nko aiya ko fo odo,
"
He who enters a river may fear,but the river itself
fears not."

Odo, 5. district,party, a division.

/ Odo, s. a mortar. "
lya odo on ommo re ko ni ija,agbe
li dija sille fun won
o ; ommo odo ki ina iya re

lassan, The pestleand "

the mortar had no quarrel
between them ; it was the farmer that caused the

quarrel (by supplying the yam for pounding) ;

the pestle(lit the child of the mortar) does not beat
its mother for nothing." Bi iwo oku iwo a la odo "

ya'na? If you are about "

to die, need you split up
the (wooden) mortar for fire-wood (instead of leaving
"
it for the use of the survivors) ?
206
 ODO

Ododo, s. scarlet.

Ododo, s. truth, fact,justice,

equality
; right,
righteous-
ness.

Odoui, Odorodi, adv. never, not in the least.

"Odu, s. boiler,caldron.
Odu, s. companion of Ifa, the god of palm nuts.

Odu, s. name of an herb. " Odu ki ise aimo oloko, "

Odu
is not unknown to a farmer."
'Odua, Odudua, s. a goddessfrom Ife, said to be the preme
su-

goddessin the world. Heaven and earth are

also called Odudua.

igba nla meji ade isi,
" Odudua
"
Heaven and earth are two largecalabashes,which

being shut can never be opened ;" referringto the

apparent concavitycf the sky,which seems to touch

the earth at the horizon.

Ofe, 5. parrot ; clever person. "

Agbede bi ofe,amo ara ire
bi odide. Adeb9 fun ofe,ofe ko ru aganran gbe ebo
o rubo, asinwa asinb9ofe di ara Oyo aganran di ara
oko; nwon se bi ofe ko gbon, "Sacrifice being pre-
*^ scribed to the parrot,he refused to offer it ; but the

green parrot took the sacrifice and offered it ; after

all the parrot is a citizen of the and
capital, the

green parrot an inhabitant of the province: (and yet

people)thought that the parrot was not wise." The

green parrot is counted a clean bird and offered in

sacrifice,while the parrot is unclean, and never

molested.

Ofere, Ofe, s. morning star ; the hour

Venus, as the of

cockcrowing,before the risingof the sun.

Ofi, s. the loom ; that which swings.
'Ofiji, s. that which is forgiven, forgiveness.
Ofin, s. law, prohibition, commandment.

Ofo, s. emptiness.
""Ofo, s. loss,calamity, damage.
Ofofo, 5. busybody, talebearer, traitor. Ase ofofo " ko

gba egba ni ibi ope li o mo ; ofofo li egbon ororo li

207
 OFO

aburo, "A talebearer receives no payment (Jit.

not

2000 cowries); thanks are all his reward. ing

Talebear-
is the elder brother, bitterness the younger."
'Oforo, s. squirrel.Ennu " oforo ni ipa oforo, oforo bi

meji 6 ko W9n wa eti onna oni, Ommo mi ye

omm9
korokoro, korokoro, korokoro, "It was the squirrel's
own mouth that betrayed her ; for when she had

brought forth two young ones, she carried them to

the road-side and said, My '

children are very sound,
'

very sound, sound :'

"

(the word ^ korokoro

very
resembles the cry of the squirrel).
Ofua, s. a kind of kola nut ; name of a tree used cinally
medi-
for ablution.

1/ Ofurufu, emptiness ; the firmament.

5. Ofurufu ko " se

ifiehin ti, One cannot "

lean upon emptiness."
^Ogbigbi, s. a speciesof owl.
Ogbo, old age ; a
5. kind of sword with two edges. "

/ Ogbo ko li ogun, "

There is no medicine againstold
age."
Ogbo, s. a small animal of the cat kind, remarkable for
its sharp teeth,which are said to be able to cut iron.

Ogbodo, s. new
yams. See Elubo.

Ogbogbo, s. name of a tree, whose leaf is very useful .

Ogbogbo, Olugbogbo, 5. club,mallet.

Ogboju s. bold
(gbo-oju), daringperson,
Ogbologbo (gbo-ni-ogbo), very old,of longstanding.
rt^'.
y Ogbova, s. a beast about the size of a cat. Bi ogboya ba "

fi iru na ille li erimnetta ni illu,illu na atii," When

the Ogboya strikes its tail thrice on the ground in

any town, that town will be deserted," (a super-

stition).

Ogbugbu, s. wild duck; kind of grass; cotton dyed fore

be-

spinning.
Oge, s. coxcomb, fop.
Ogede, adv. only.
\y/Ogedegbe, Ogedemgbe, adv. headlong, precipitately. "

208
 ^OGI

Ogedemgbe iro kiida ni si lyewu gbangba ni ida

ni si," The headlong fall of a liar is not concealed,
but is exposed to view."
"

Ogi, s. starch of Indian corn.

1/Ogi, s. an old dog, mastiff; an old bachelor. "

-Apon di

ogi o saro,
"
When a man has become an old bachelor
he makes his own fireplace
; i. e. has to cook his
own food."

Ogidigbo, s. a kind
Ogidigbo pari ilu gbo- of drum. "

gbo. Bi owe bi owe li alii ogidigbo,enniti o ye ni

ijoo. Gbc5, Ajagbo, gbo, obba gbo, ki emi ki osi

"
\/ gbo, The ogidigbo is the best of all drums ; the
ogidigbo has a meaning in its sound ; he who un-derstands

the sound can dance to it

"
^
May you be

old, King Ajagbo, may you be old, may the king be

"
old,may I also be old.'
Ogiri, s wall (ofmud, stone, or brick).
simultaneous
Ogiri, s. gallop, rush. " Esin dogiri, "
The
horsegalloped."
^Ogiri,5. made
preparation from Yonmoti seed to flavour
stews.

1/ Ogo, s. glory,praise; wonder ; a valiant man. " Ileri ille

ko mo ajagun,kufekufe ko mo ija,
ijo ti ari ogun li
^'
amo ogo, Boasting at home is not valour ; parade
is not battle : when war is seen the valiant will be
known."
^Ogo, c"f.one placed at the debtor's house to compel ment
pay-
of a debt ; bailiff.

Ogodo, s. calf; colt ; the young of beasts in general.

"Ogodo, s. name of a disease.

Ogodo, s. name^of a district of Yoruba famous for cala-

bashes.

Ogoji
(ogun-eji),"r//".
forty.
'Ogongo, s. ostrich. ^"Ogongobabba "
eiye, ''
The ostrich
is the father of birds."

Ogudugbe, s. dropsy.
209 2 E
 OGU

Ogufe, s. a wether.

Ogumo, s. an esculent herb.

Ogun, s. that which is obtained by inheritance, bequest;
adj.twenty. See Iwaju.
^

Ogun, -v. the god supposed to preside over iron,imple-

ments
of war, hunting. and

Ogun, 6'. medicine ; poison.

Ogun, s. sweat, perspiration.

Ogun, s. a round stick,bamboo.
i/ Ogun, s. army, Ija ni ipa onitijuogun ni
war, battle. "

ipa alagbara, ''(As)a street-quarrelwill prove fatal

to a man afraid of being thought a coward (lit bash-
ful

man), so will war kill a man renowned for

valour."

Ogungun, s. name of a tree.

Ogurodo, s. the name of a bird,whose nest the natives

have dread of touching.
superstitious a

Ogurodo, s. standingposture.
^Oguro, s. wine made from the sap of the bamboo.

Oguso, s.pipe.
Oiio-o ! interj.
a word of exclamation.
OiiuN, s. voice, sound, note, cry.
Ohunrere, lamentation, bitter weeping,loud cry.
s.

OiiuN, s. a thing,something. Afi ohun we ohun, afi oran "

"
we oran, fi oran ji ki
niyino, Compare thingswath
a

thingsand words with words, and then forgivethat

you may be praised."

articles for
OnuN-'^lLO,s. utensils, use.

Ohunkoiiun j^^'on. whatsoever, what-

(ohun-ki-ohun), ever.

OiiuN -
Onna, s. tools working implements).
(Jit.
Ohun-^Osin,s. domestic creature, herd, cattle.
OiBo, Oyibo, 5. one who comes from the country beyond
the sea.

Oje, s. sap of trees.

Oje, s. lead.
210
 ^Oji, adj.forty.
Oji, s. fine guiltof adultery.
imposed for the

Ojia, 5. gum of trees. Iggi iya ni ison ojia, "

"
The iya
tree produces gums."

Ojigbese, Ajigbese (je-gbese),s. a debtor.

"Ojigbon, s. corner of a house, gable.

Ojiji, adv. suddenly, without previous notice.

Ojiji,s. On, shadow, shade.
Ojiji, s. an electrical fish,electrical eel,
^Ojiya (je-iya),
s. an innocent sufferer,an oppressed
person.
Ojiyan s. a denier, reasoner,
(ja-iyan), one who dicts.
contra-

/^*Ojo,3. rain. "

Gegele li o bi gegele koto li o bi koto,
djo ro si koto gegele nroju, Bank rises after bank,
"

and ditch foUow'S after ditch ; when the rain falls

into the ditch,the banks are envious ;" said of

those who are not satisfied w'ith their positionin life.

Ojo, s. cowardice, fear ; a coward.

Ojogun (je-ogun),s. heir.
^Ojojo, s. ague-fit.
Ojojulle (oju-oju-ille),adv. (from) house to house.

Ojojumo ( mo), adv. daily,every day.

"

.
Ojoro, s. one who cheats at play.
'^ Ojowu (je-owu),s. a jealousperson. Ojowu ko li eran "

li aiya iba jowu ko yo, A jealouswoman is always "

thin {lit.has no flesh upon her breast) ; for however

much she may feed upon jealousy,she will never

have enough."
Ojove ( oye),5. a ruler, a man
"
of title.

Ojo, adj.daily; lastingfor the day, ephemeral.

[/Oju, s. eye; aperture (as the eye of a needle); appear-
ance,
face, look, front ; edge of a knife or sword. "

Ojiibabba ara, awon bi oju,asoro ida bi agba, " The

eye is the father of the body ; as the eye is too dear

to be purchased,so it is hard to act wellan elder'spart."

211
 OJU

Oju, s. sore, scar.

Oju-aganju, s. a place in front of the palace in Oyo

where the god called Aganju was worshipped.
Oju-Aiye, s. sky, firmament.
Oju-Agbara, s. gutter; wide road leadingfromthe palace.
Ojugba, equal,companion.
s.

Ojugon (oju-igon),s. fore part of the leg,shin. Ojugon "

^ mu odo fohiin,"The leg causes the brook to resound

(when wading through it)."

Ojukanna (oju-okan-na), ad'\ instantly, immediately.
Oju-ko-bire ( ba-ire), s. bird called the cricket-catcher,
"

i/ Oju-kokoro, s. covetousness. Ojukokoro babba okanjua, "

"
Covetousness is the father of unsatisfied desire."
Ojulafeni ( " s. time-server.
ni-fe-enni),
.
Ojulumo ( " s. acquaintance.
ni-"imo),
// Ojumo, s. dawn, daylight. Ojumo "
monyo ojoiku ndi?
o

When the day dawns : do

rejoice you not know
*'
you
that the day of death is so much the nearer?"

Oju-nla, s. big
{lit. eye ; i.e. an eye which is
envy,
never satisfied).
Oju-Oui, s. grave.
0ju-0w6, s. principalon which interest is paid.
Oju-^Onna, s. way, gate, road.
[^ Oju-Orun, s. sky,firmament. "
Oju-9run ko huko, illepa
ko je ki oku ki o be onna wo,
"
As the grass cannot

in the sky,so the dead cannot look out of the

grow
grave into the road."
Ojupo ( "
ipo),s. a placein the palace where the king
sits to take the air.
Oju-pon, v. n. to suffer trouble, get into difficulties.
Ojuran ( "
iran),s. dream, vision.
Ojusaju s. respect,honour, regard.
(oju-isa-oju),
Oju-sika, s. keyhole.
Ojuson ( ison), s. aperture from
"
which water springs,
spring,fountain.
Ojuwa ( iwa),s-. sharer,divider.
"

212
 OKI

OkFpa-aja, .S-.mastiff,
an old dog.
Okiribiti, s. circle,encompassed space.
^Okiti, Okiti-ogan, s. hill made by the white ant.

'Okiti, s. summerset, headlong fall ; hillock,such as may

be seen where roads divide.

^Okiti-Alapini, s. the name ofplacein Oyo the capital.

a

'OKiTi-AROyV.false-bottomed vessel used in strainingpotash.

Okiti-Ebe, s. or corn beds ; hillock for planta-

tion.
yam

Okitipo, s. the name of a tree, whose leaf is dried and

pulverizedfor palaversauce.
Okiyan, s. an animal which lodgesunder rocks.
Oko, s. farm, plantation; province; dependent districts,

or towns.

Oko, s. the glans; foreskin ; lock of a gun.

'Oko, s. stone to be thrown or cast; name of a disease;
breeding three young ones at a birth.

Oko-Alle, s. afternoon's work.

Oko-Ibon, s. lock of a gun or musket.

Oko-Euu, s. bondage,slavery.
Okobo, s. eunuch.

Okobo, s. lie,falsehood ; liar.

Oko, Oruko, s. name.

Okoto, s. snail,a small land shell.

Okoto-Okun, s. sea shell.

Oku, s. corpse, carcase, savourless.

adj.useless, insipid,
Okuku, s. the woof (foldedup and laid upon a stand of
the same name which the weaver draws to himself

as he goes on weaving).
Okuku, s. name of tree valuable for healingsores.
Okun, strength,
s. ability,power.
Okun, s. cord,rope, string.
Okun-erewe, s. running plant,whose fibres are \ibed

for making cord.

Okun-ole, -v. name of a running plant.

Okun-Tinrin, -s. twine.

214
 ^OKU

'Okun, 'Okunkun, s. darkness.

Okun, s. sea, salt water.

Okuna s. old path ; forsaken
(oku-onna), road
Okunfa (okiin-ifa),5.
an attraction;that which encourages.
Okunjanu ( ija-ennu), s. the reins.
"

Okunko, s. hemp or flax plant(?).

^Okunron, s. illness.
Okura (okii-ira),
s. any thingrotten.
Oku-ruro, s. an austere, hard, ill-tempered person.
Okusa, s. liquorbrewed from guinea corn.
Okiisalle (ku-sa-ille),
s. exhausted and unproductive
land.

Oku-su, s. refuse from dying vats ; name of an animal.

Okuta, s. stone (ingeneral).

Okuta-Ako, s. quartz, granite; any hard stone.

Okuta-wewe, s. gravel,loose stones.

Okuye (ku-iye),
s. person of dull memory, dunce.

Ola, s. the moth which frets garments.

Ola, 5. that which saves, the

salvation, cause of salvation.

Ole, s. robber
thief, ; robbery,theft.
Ole, Orule, 5. roof of a house.

Olo-fere, s. name of a bird.

Olofofo, ( " 5. traitor

ofofo), ; busy body.
'Olobirt, 5. a married person.
Olobinri-meji, s. a bigamist.
Olobo (enni-obo),
s. one who cautions another, an formant.
in-

"
Olobo so mi, "
A hint has been given
thrown) to
{lit. me."

Olododo, s. a righteousperson.
true, just,
Olodumare, Olodumaye, s. God, the Almighty, Self-

existingBeing.
title of one of the king'sprivatecounsellors,
J^" Ologbo, 5. a

who also acts the part of chronicler or narrator of

ancient traditions. "

Ologbo babba arokin, "Ologbo
is the father of the chroniclers."

Ologini, s. cat.
215
 OLO

/ OlogTri, speciesof palm bird (also called 'Enu).

s. a "

Owo ologirieliin ti li ogiin, A multitude of warriors "

behind their leader is like a flock of palm birds."

Ologo (enni-ogo), s. dun.

Ologo, 5. an honourable man, one had in honour.

Ologose, Ologonse, s. sparrow.

Ologun, Onisegun (ni-ogun), s. doctor, physician.

Ologuxsese, s. name of a tree dedicated to the god of

hunting.
Ologuro (ni-oguro),
s. dealer in bamboo-wine.
Olo-guru, s. kind of small bird generallyfound in flocks.
Oloiiun ( "
ohun), s. a man of influence.

Olojo, Alejo, (enni-ajo),s. stranger. See Awon.

Oloju s. oneself; the owner
(enni-oju)^ of a thing.
Olojukan (ni-oju-kan),
5. one-eyed
person.
Oloju-kokoro, s. miser.
Olo-kiti-Ar6, s. false-bottomed vessel in which potash
is strained.
Olokun (ni-okun),
s. rope-maker.

Olokunron ( okunron), s. a patient;

"
one suffering
from illness.
Olola ( ila),
"
s. one who makes his
tattooing trade.
Olopir"!,s. a kind of small bird.
Olore ore),s. benefactor.
( "

Olori (enni-ori),s. oflicer,headman, chief.

Olori-Ille-Iwe, Olori-Ille-Kewu, s. schoolmaster.
Olori-Ogun, s. war-officer.
()lori-Okk6, captainof a ship.
s.

Olori-Eso ( ori),
"
s. captainof a guard.

Olori-Egbe, Oloriko ( ori),fern.s. head of

"
a company.
OlorI ( on), s. wife of a great person (not to be ap-
"

proached
by any man).
Olorison (ni-ori-ison),
s. owner of a fountain or spring.
Oloro ( "
oro),s. a venomous animal.
Olorisa s. idolater,worshipper of
(ni-orisa), idols.
Oloruko( "
oruko),.5.afamous who
person (//^.he has name).
216
 OLO

Oloto (ni-otito),
s. a true,just,faithful person.
Olowo (ni-owo),5, a rich person.

Oloye (enni-oye), s. person of honour or title.

Oloye, Amoye (m9-oye),5. a wise prudent person ; a

man of forethought.

Oloyo, s. the yellowmonkey (alsocalled Tolo, Awere,

Gbege^ and Alegba) : there are many superstitions
concerningthis monkey.
Olo, s. powder ; that on which any thing is pounded or
ground ; one who grinds; a moth.
Olu, s. carpenter or smith's hammer, mallet,any thing
used for hammering.
Olu, s. the chief of any thing; queen of the white ants ;
mushroom.
Olubukon (enni-ibukon),
s. one who adds to ; one who
blesses.

OlubojuW'O, Olubojuto (
"
be-oju-wo),
s. inspector.

Olubo ( bo),s. "

a maintainor ; supporter ; feeder ; one

employed to beat a mud floor into a compact and

solid mass.

Olubu-si ( "
ibu-si),
s. one who blesses or adds to.

Oludande s. redeemer,
(enni-ida-ni-ide), one who soms.
ran-

Olufison, Oluson ( fi-son),

"
s. accuser, one who raises

a complaint.
Olufe ( ife)s. one beloved ; one who loves,lover.
"

Olufokkansin ( fi-okkan-sin), s. one"

who worships con-
scientiously,

devout
w^orshipper.
Olufuni ("
fu-enni), bestower,benefactor.
s. giver,

Olugbala (enni-igba-la), s. saviour, one who saves.

Olugbani ( enni),s. he who delivers,liberator.
"

Olu-gbo-ngbo, s. round piece of wood used by the na- tives

to smoothe their clothes after washing,by beat-

ing
them with it upon a large wooden block.
Olu-gboro, s. small piece of stick by which a blow is
given.
217 2 F
 OLU

Olugik) (enni-igbo),
.9. a believer.

Olu-kolo, Ani-Ku, s. an evil believed

spirit, to be always
wandering about. See Ariku.
Olukojoyele ( ko-je-oye-le), s. a "
title of the king of

Ife.
Olukoni (enni-iko-enni), s. teacher,instructor.

Oluku-luku, adj.every, each. adv. individually.

Olumoran (enni-imo-nran), s. an understandingperson.
Olupa, Olupani ( ipa-enni),s. murderer ; slaughter.
man- "

Olupamo pa-mo),s. preserver.

(
"

OnTpiLLESE ( pa-ille-mo), s. beginner, author.

"

Olupin, Ojuwa (ipin-iwa), s. sharer,divider.

Oluponju (enni-ipon-oju),s. poor person, pauper.

Oluranse, s. one who sends another.

Olu-ra-pada, s. redeemer, one who ransoms.

Olure 5. comforter.
(enni-ire),
Olureron ( re-iron), s. shearer, hair
" cutter.
Olurora ( "
ro-ara), one who eases, one who gives
bodilycomfort.
Olu-sin, s. worshipper, servant.
Oluse (enni-ise), s. doer, actor.

Olusoro (so-oro), s. speaker; talker ; one who prates.

Olutan, Olottan (enni-itan), s. a relative.
Oluto ( 19),s. instructor,
"
master, mistress,governor, a

raiser up.
Olutuno ( "
tu-ino),
s. he who calms the mind ; com-
forter.

Olusette ( se-otte),
s. conqueror,
" victor.
Omso ( so),s. watcher, guard,sentinel.
"

Oluso-Agutan, s. shepherd.
Olusogba (so-ogba),s. a gardener, the watcher of a

garden.
Oluwa (ni-awa),
5. a lord,owner.
Oluware, 5. anindividual,a certain person.
Oluwoju ( "
wo-oju),s. a respecter of persons.
218
 OMI

I/'Omi, s. water. " Bi abii omi siori o nwaesseibo "

When
water is poured
upon the head, it will fhid its way
down to the feet."

Omidan, s. a young fowl ; young woman.

Omije, OiMioju,s. tear.

Omi-kikan, Omikan, s. foul water,

U^MiRAN, s. a giant,a person unusuallystout and tall. "

Iwo ko lu omiran li oru o nlu u li ossan ? "

Do you
not first strike the giant in the night,before you
"
strike him in the day ?
Omiran, Omi, adj.another, other.
OxMiRiN, s. the act of swallowing any thing with facility,
throat.

Omi-toro, s. soup, broth.

Omnira (oni-ni-ara)
s. freeman, one delivered from

bondage.
On, pron, he, she,it.
'pers, See O.

//On, conj.and. Ije on "

ore ni imu ommo ise ise,
"
Competitionand reward induce a child to work."
Onde (enni-ide),
s. prisoner,
one in bond ; charm sown

in leather and worn about the person.

Ongbe, 6'. thirst.
Ongbe-Eije, adj.bloodthirsty.
Ongo ( "
igo),s. stupidperson, dunce, blockhead.

Oni, adv. to-day. Oni " emi nlo, oUa n' nlo ki ijeki ajeji
ki o gbin ahusa, "
Intended removal to-day or

to-morrow {lit.to-day I am going, to-morrow I

am going,)gives the stranger no encouragement

to plant the ahusa, (although it bears fruit very

rapidly)."
Oni-batta, s. shoemaker.

Oni-bode, s. collector of custom.

Oni-busi, s, contemner, despiser; one who blesses.

Oni-da, s. creator, maker, originator.
Onidajo ( da-ejo),
"
s. judge,one who settles disputes.
Onidalare ( ni-are),s. justifier.
"

219
 ONI

Onidamoran (
"
mo-oran), s. counsellor,adviser.
Onidande, Oludande (
"
ni-ide),
s. redeemer, deliverer
from bondage.
Onidanwo ( dan-wo),s. tempter, trier.
"

Onidikan s. child, one

(ni-idi-okan), vvhose parents is a

slave,and the other free.

Onidodo ( idodo),s. a person having a largenavel.
"

Onifarauo ( fi-ara-ro), s. supporter ; one

" on whom
another leans or depends.
Onifarawe ( we), s. one who imitates another; emu-
"
lator.

Oni-fefe, s. vain and boastful person.

Oni-fo, Alagba-fo, s. washer.

Onigan, s. a catechumen of Orisa.

Onigrani, Olugbani ( gba-enni),

"
s. saviour.

Oni-gbajamo, s. a barber.

Onigbagbe-enni-igbagbe, s. a person of bad memory, getful

for-

person.
Oni-gbagbo, s. one who listens ; one who obeys; believer.

Oni-gbese, s. creditor.

Oni-gbodogi, s. one afflicted with a scorbutic disorder.

Onigbowo ( gba-owo) s.
"

prosperous person ; surety.

Oni-gegge, s. person afflicted with a swellingin the neck.

Oniiialle, (oni-iha-ille),
s. a poor person, one in poor
circumstances.
Onilaja, Ilaja la-ija),s. peace-maker,mediator.
( "

Onilera ("
le-ara),
s. a strong,healthyperson.

Onikiri, s. wanderer, rover.

OnIni, s. possessor.
Onino-didon, s. person of amiable disposition,
a good-
natured man.

Oninonibini ("
ino-enni-bi-enni),
s. persecutor.

Onino-rere, s. kind, benevolent,graciousperson.

Oni-oloni oni-oni),
( " adv. this very day.
Onipa (ni-ipa),
s. one having a share in any thing.
Oni-para-mo, s. humble person.
220
 ONK

Onka, Olonka, s. a counter, accountant.

On LA, 6'. that which saves.

herself,itself.
2)ron.\umse\i,
Onna, rejiec.
On NO, s. fearful fear
expectation, as regards the result
of a thinoj. Onno
" nko mi, " T am afraid."
Oniiouo (oni-iroro),
s. an austere, hard, morose

person.
^Ope, s. puzzle; simple and ignorantperson. " Mo pa 'o
li ope, "
I puzzleyou."
Opepe, s. young person.
Opere, s. sleepiness.O le isun bi opere,
bird noted for "

"
You sleep like the oper^."
"
Opin, s. termination, point. ^"Oran na de opin, The "

matter is come to a point (lit to the highest

pomt).
Opinle s. termination
(opin-ille), of the earth, land, or
territory.
Opo, s.place where the king makes his appearance
the
in the palace,bank of earth for sleepingon.

Opo, s. post, pillar; widow.

Opo-okko, s. mast of a ship.

^Opopo, s. kind of banyan.
Opopo, s. wide road leadingimmediatelyinto a town.
^Oporo, adj.common.
I / Ora, s.buyer,purchaser. Ko mo ore ko mo dra, ti igiin"

esin apatta, Regardlessof kindness, regardlessof

"

thepurchaser,(theungratefulman) rides the horse

(which has been lent him) over the rocks."
Ora, s. bitter tree much used in curingsickness.
Ore, s. kindness,favour, benevolence.
Orere, s. same signification
as Opopo.

Ore, s. act of watching from a tower or loft.

Ore, s. porcupine. " Ki ire ore ki o re sinsin idi re,

/
I
"
Though the porcupinemay be weary, yet the (quills
of its)tail will not be weary." There is a tion
supersti-
that the porcupinealways shakes its quillsbe-
222
 ORI

fore feeding,
in order to divine what success it will
meet with in its excursion.

Ori, s. kind of wild pigeon.

Ori, s. kind of black plum.
Ori, Oyi, s. giddiness. Ori
loju,"I am giddy;
" nkon mi

(lit.my eyes are filled with giddiness)."

Ori, 5. head, faculty,talent ; highestpointof any thing,
termination.
Ori hijSi, Ya, v. n.
folloived to feel lively,be
pleased.
Wu, V. n. to feel sensation of joy at
some unexpected good words said
or action done by an inferior per-
son
beloved ; to yearn.

Ori-Ekun, s. the cap of the knee.

Ori, s. shea butter.

Ori-Amo, butter,milk butter.
s.

Orike s. the joint

(ori-ike), of any thing.

Orike-ikka, s. knuckle.

Ori-^Eya, 5, division,
tribe.
Ori-Oya, largehedgehog.
s.

Orille, Ole, s. familyname.

Orille-ede, 5. people of a different language; nation.
Orin, s. pieces of stick or root used by the natives for
cleaningtheir teeth by chewing and rubbing them
with it.
Orin, s. singing; song ; tune.

Orin-mi-mo, s. holy song, psalm, hymn.

Oriso (ori-iso),s. place where creatures are tied for
up
the night; stable,stall.

Orison, s. spring,fountain.
Orisa, 5. deity,objectof worship; gods,idols.
Orisala, s. the great goddess Obbatalla.
Orise-Alufa (ori-ise),
s. work of a priest,
priesthood.
'Oro, s. stalk of guinea-corn,used for stirringbeer ;
honey. See Agbon.
223
 ORO

Oro, s. dilTiculty,
provocation, hardness, name of a tree.

Oro, s. custom, fashion,habit ; fierceness,

sauciness,pro-
vocation.
"
Aja yi roro gidigidi, This "
dog is very
fierce."

Oro, s. poison,torture, torment.

'Oro, s. an erect posture.
Orobo, s. good hick.
Orofo, 5. kind of wild pigeon.
Orogbo, s. the bitter kola nut.

Oromro, s. lime, lemon.

Oronto, Elewuwu, largestripedlizard. 5.

Orore, s. a kind of small bird ; pimples on the face.

Ororo, s. busybody ; bitterness, gall.

Ororo, s. oil.

Oro, Owuro, s. morning, forenoon.

Oru, heat, steam, Oru mu, "It is hot {or
s. vapour. "

sultry)."
Oru, s. pitcher.
Oru, s. night,darkness. " Oru ru iwg ki yio le ilo si ille,
" The
night is dark ; you will not be able to go
home."
Oru, Orun, s. name of a tree possessinga healingpro-
perty.

Oruganjo, s. midnight.
Oruka, s. ring.
Oruko, s. name, discriminative of
appellation any thing;
hegoat.
Oruko-Ivoruko, 5. proper name (notsurname).
Orukun, Erekun, s. knee.

Orun, s. sun. " Orim la, "The sun rises. " Orun ran,
"The sun shines." " Orun mu, "The sun is hot." "

Orun wo,
"
The sun sets."

Orun, s. sleep. " Orun nkon mi, *^ I am drowsy."

Orun-Ijeka, s. sound sleep.
Orun, s. scent, smell, stench.
Orupa, s. name of a tree.

224
 ORU

Oruwo, s. brimstone tree, tlie timber of which is mucli

used for boards.
Oruwon, s. name of a tree.
OsE, OsE, s. hippopotamus.
OsE, paint.
s.

OsiN, adj.the left. s. a post of honour.

^OsiN-IwEFFA,s. a eunuch of the third degree.
^Osin-Iyama,s. the south with the face to the west.
^Osin-Iyalode,s. a title next to Otton-Iyalode.
OsE, s. name of a tree.

OsE, s. club of Sango.

OsE, s. a sound made by smacking the lipsexpressiveof

grief. See Abamo.

OsESE, s. meat of a superiorquality.

'Osi, s. misery.
OsTsE, Otosi (se-ise),s. poor, miserable person.
OsipT,s. tree, in the leaf of which snuff is frequently

wrapped up.
Oso, s. witch,sorcerer.
OsoNo, s. sour, passionate,
morose man.

Osu, s. new moon, month.

Osu, s. a lock of hair shaved around.

OsuMARE, s. the rainbow.

1/ OsuPA, s. the moon in advanced age. "

Osupa gbe oke o

mo Oy9 obba gbe ille mp ara oko, "As the moon

remains stationaryabove, and yet shines over the

whole capital{lit.knows Oyo, the capital), so the

king remains at home and knows (what) his subjects

(aredoing)in the province."
Osusu, s. cluster,grove. See Asorin.

Osusu, s. kind pricklybush.

of

OsuwoN, s. measure, weight.

Ota, 5. seller.
Otito, s. truth,faithfulness.
Otonpanyan, s. mean fellow who causes much trouble.

"Otolo, s. a speciesof deer.

225 2 G
 ^OTO

\)()oy,miserable Nwon sebi otosi ko

1/'Otosi, .v. person. "

gbon bi oloro,nwon ni o gbon iba ilowo ? "Men

think that the ])()or is not as wise as the for if
ricli,
lie wise,why is he poor ?"
were

6to,Otito, .v. trutli, true, faithful,

fact. adj.
reality, just.
Otumo, Otudimo (tu-imp),
s. covenant breaker.

Otutu, Otu, illness,disease.

s. cold ;

Otutu-mu, defect,
v. cold
It is cold,(lit. " is sharp)."
/ Owe, 5. parable,riddle. " Owe li esin nro bi oro ba no

owe li afi iwa a, owe on oro ni irin, "

A proverb
is tliehorse of conversation ; when the conversation
a proverbrevives
is lost),
flags(lit it : proverbsand
conversation follow each other."
""Owe, s. young leaf of the plantErewe.
^OwE-AwoN, s. a kind of runningtrefoil.
^Ow^ERE,
s. struggle, efTort to recover oneself.
OwEREjEJE, IwEREJEjE,s. name of a shrub,the
trailing
berries of which are red and black.
Ow iwi,s. owl.
6wo, s. boil. "
Owo so mi, "
I am attacked by boils."
Ow6, ,s.
money, cowTy.
Owo-NLA, s. largepieceof money, dollar.
OwosE (owo-ise),
s. work-money,
wages.
Own, 5. wick.
cotton, tliread,
Own, s. jealousy.
Owu-Akese, s. a kind of very fine white cotton bearing
small pods.
Owu-'Ogodo, s. a kind of cotton bearinglargepods.
OwuYANWuRE, kind of very s. a white cotton used chiefly
by the Fulahs,with red flowers and small seeds.
OvvuRo, AwuRo, Oro, morning. See Kutukutu. 5.

Owusuwusu, s. mist, fog, cloud,gloominess.Owiisu- "

^ wusu mu ojuorun bajegudegude ko je ki oriin ki o

ran, The fog spoilsthe face of the sky ; gloomi-
"
ness
prevents the sun from shining."
^OvA, 5. that which divides or separates; a comb.
226

."t-
 OYE

OvE, OvE, s. understanding

; comprehension,inspection,
look out, providence. Oye " ko ye mi, "
I did not
understand."

OvE, 5. title of honour.

Oyibo, Oyinbo, contracted Oibo, s. people beyond the

waters, appliedmostly to white men, and also to any
of the natives who adopted their customs. have
They
are thus distinguishedOyibo-funfun, a white man ;"

OviBo-DUDU, a black man who has adopted European

customs, or one who came from the white man's

country. The proper derivation of this word has
not yet been ascertained.
OviN, s. bee ; honey.
Oyin-Alugbe, s. bees domesticated in country pots.
Oyo, s. speciesof small owl.
Oyu, s. salt (?).
Oyun, s. pregnancy.

^O, or 'O, pers. pron. 2d pers. sing,(contractionof I wo),

thou, thee.
O, pers. pron. 'Mpers. sing,he, she, it ; him, her, it.
O, defect,
v. {usedby attraction before short voivels for O),
shall,will, must. Emi olo, for Emi old."

Obaiyeje, s, busybody,talebearer. See Abaiyeje.

Obangiji,Obangissi, {HausscL)^
s. Lord, master.

Obba, s. king,monarch.
Obbakan, s. relative on the father's side.
Obea-kan-bi-keji, s. the first cousin on the father's side.

Obba-kuso, s. god of thunder and the kingof

{lit.
lightning
Kuso, the spot where Sango is said to have descended

alive into ground, and whence

the the worship of
Sango took its origin).
Obballe (ba ille), a mark
s. prostration, of respectpaid to
superiorsby males.
Obba-Ogo, s. King of glory,God.
227
 OBB

Obbatalla, s. the great goddess of Yoruba, supposed to

body in the womb.
be the fruiiier of the Imman
Obanije 5. busybody.
(ba-enia-je),
Obaua, s. cord, pack-thread.
Obbe, s. sauce, palaversauce.
i^^Obbe,s. knife, penknife,clasp knife. Ta li oje fi obbe "

'yio no je isu, No one confesses that he has eaten

"

yam with a knife that is lost."

Obbe-Olojumeji, dagger,knife with s. tw^o edges.

Obbedo aclj.
(obbe-odo), green (socalled because it sembles
re-

the green matter over stagnant water).

p/^ Obbo, 5. monkey, ape. " 'Enia bi obbo li obb9 iya li aso,
"
The monkey is sure to tear the cloth of any one who
is like himself."

Obbo, s. a kind of white country cloth.

),/'Qbon, .9. a filthy
person. Ohun ti o wu obon ni ifi owo "

re ira,ohun ti o wu afinjuni ifi ow^o re ise, The "

filthy
man lays out his money in whatever pleases
him ; so also does the gay man with his money."
Obonbon, umbrella, parasol; beetle,humming insect.
s.

Oboro, adj.plain, having no mark or engraving.

Oda, s. dearth, drought,need,necessity ; a castrated goat
or dog ; old wine, stronglyfermented.
''Oda,s. tar,wax.
Odaju (da-oju), adj.shameless.
Odan, Odanko, s. a kind of banyan commonly planted
in the street to afford shade.

^Odan, s. plain,grassfield.
Odan, s. vain empty talker,empty word, inconsistent
narration.
Oddo i^rep. Si,Ni, or L'),
(luith adv. about,near ; to ; with.
"Emi
"
nl9si 9ddo babba,"I am going to our father."

Odi-apassa,s. remnant of cloth in the sleyor batten.

Ode, s. hunter also the wasp.

;

'Odedde, s. piazza,verandah. See Awon.

Odo, "v. young of animals sheep,goats,dogs).
(especially
228
 OGA

Oganjo, s. darkness, middle of the night.

Oganjo-Meje, s. thick darkness (lit.
severe darkness);
middle depth of the night.
or

Oganran, adv. straightforward, in a rightline.

Ogba, s. fence, garden ; pawn, the state of beingin pawn.

'Ogba, s. companion,equal,one of the same rank ; snare ;

equality,balance. Awa ise egbe tabbi ogba 1 "Am"

I

your equal or companion ?"

Ogbangan, s. hand-bell,so called from the sound.

Ogbagba, s. pin driven into the ground with a hammer

or mallet. "
Ogbagba wolle o kun ati yo, " The pin
is driven into the ground ; the questionnow is,how
to pullit out."
Ogbe, s. wound, cut. See Osan.

Ogbe-Ino, bleedingfrom the bowels.

s.

Og]j6,s. a plantwhose fibres are

trailing used for making
cords.

Ogbon, s. a ditch, corner, extreme end, steep, valley. "

J Agarawu yi si ogbon ko ku, Though an Agarawu "

(a tribe of the Popo nation)may fall into a ditch, yet

he will not die."

Ogbon, adj.thirty.
Ogbon, s. sense, art, cunning.
'Ogbon-Oyibo, .9. gauze. ^"Ogbon-oyibo
ti ino okun "
la

wa, aso ki li o bori akese, "

Thou";h the gauze came

all the way over the sea, yet what cloth may be

compared to cloth of akese cotton ?"

'Ogboxgbon, s. the tender leaves of Egungun boiled.

Ogbogba, .9. balance, equality.

Ogbonkogbon (ogbon-ki- craft,double
ogbon),s. subtilty,
dealing.
''Ogedde, s. the banana. "
'Ogedde sbe odo so sinsin ; eja
gbe ino omi dara, "As the banana by the water side
sends forth moisture, so the fish in the water retains
its beauty."
Ogegge, s. the cassada. "
Ogegge ko li ewasa li o fi ara
'

^ '

230
 OGE

we isu, " The (poisonous)cassada has nogood lities

qua-
; in vain does it appear like the yam."
"^Ogero, adj.easy gentle,soft. Ise "

9gero li ole iwa ise

ko je mu ise agbara, "A lazy man seeks for an easy

employment: he would never choose a laborious one."

^Ogevi, s. cold, damp, gloomy weather.

Oggo, s. a short knotted stick or club for self-defence ;
believed to be used by the devil,who is therefore
called
Agongo oggo, "
The man of the knotted club."
^Oggo-Ivo, s. a package of salt.
^
OgoddO, s. pitfull of dirtywater,
OG9FFA, adj.one hundred and twenty.
Ogorin (ogun-erin), adj.eighty.
Ogorun, Orun (
"
orun),adj.one hundred.

Ogorun-Odun, s, one hundred years, a century.

Ogotta ( etta), adj.sixty,the sixtieth.
"

^Ohan, adv. yes.

^Ohe, adv. stupid,dull,ignorant person.
j3hun, ado. yonder, beyond.
1/0ja, s. market, trade; goods,merchandise Bi " iwo ko
ran 'ni si oja,
ojaki iran 'ni si ille, If you send "
no one

to the market, the market will send no one to you."

Oja, s. band, girdle,
sash.
Oja-gari, s. girth.
Oja-Ikoko, s. species
of pine-apple
used for healingsores.
Oja-Ovibo, s. European goods,goods from beyond sea. "

Oyibo oja ta oruko, 'Egan ta aso ta edidi,

ta "
The

European trader sells his goods (to the Popo) with

the label (Jit.
name) attached to them ; the Popo (or
^Egun) sells them
againjust as he received them
(lit.with the stringround them) :" i. e. neither of
them seeks to make gainby petty retail.
Ojehun, s. eater, glutton. Ipin ojehun ki ijeina ki o "

ku, The good geniusof every man

"
(lit.eater)does
not permit fire (with which food is cooked) to depart
from the earth :" a superstition.
231
 OJE

OjERE, s. plant,whose leaf is used in preparinga rage

beve-
for children.

Ojo, s. sun, day, date ; weather.

Ojo-Alle, evening,afternoon.
s.

Ojo, s. place,settlement,lodging. O so mi li ojo, He "

"

appointedme a settlement,or lodged me."

Ojo-Ibi, s. birth-day.
Ojo-Ijo, s. day of assembly,day in which some grand
festival takes place,memorable day.
, Ojo-'Iwa, s. the day of creation,the beginning of
creation. Li ojoalaiye
"
tide aiye ni iwa ti se, From "

the time that the owner of the world appeared in the

world, the world began."

Ojo-Isi,s. notable day, on which any great event took
place.
Ojo-Jakuta, 5. the day on which the Jakuta market

was formerlyheld.
Ojo-Ejo, s. com't day.
Ojo JO, adv. day by day, daily.

Ojo-jojo, 5. many days ; ancient time ; a longperiod

of time past or future.

Ojo-lailai,s. ancient time, old time.

Oka, s. Guinea corn ; food made from the flour of pre-
pared
yams.
Ok AN, adj.one, single.
Okandilogun (okan-di-ni-ogun), adj.nineteen.
/^ Okanjua ( oju-wa),
"
5. avaricious person ; avarice,cove-
tousness, insatiableness. Okanjua babba aron,
" Co- "

vetousness is the father of disease." Iggiokanjuaso "

eso pipo,kaka ki ama ka a, o yo ake ti i ike lulle, A "

tree belongingto an avaricious man bore abundantly,

but instead of gatheringthe fruit (by littleat a time),
he took an axe and cut it down (that he might get
all at
once.)"
Oka'nkan, adv. straightforward,
openly. "
Okankan li ase

ibi,
\koko li ase imolle, bi atoiu imolle tan, ki atoju
232
 OKA

ibi pellu,bi aba ku ara enni ni isin 'ni,"A man must

openly practisethe duties of relationship, though he

may privately belong to a secret club : when he has
attended to the secret club, he must attend to the

duties of relationship also, because when he dies,it

is his relatives who must bury him."
Okankan, j9re/).against, opposite, in front.
Okanla (okan-le-ewa), adj.eleven.
Okanla-Odun, s. the eleventh month, November.
Okan-soso, adv. singly, adj.alone, undivided.
^Okka, s. a child's disease ; name of a plant used to cure
the same disease.
Okka-Iku, s. laststrugglebetween life and death. O "

npe okka iku, He is strugglingbetween life and

"

death."
Okkan, s. name of
running plantused medicinally.
a

Okkan, s. soul,spirit,
conscience,heart.
Okkan-tutu, s. calm soul,meekness.
Okkin, s. name of a bird, whose white feathers are much
valued. " Okkin 9bba eiye,okkin elewa alia, " The
9kkin is a king of birds, and the owner of the
beautiful white feathers."
Okkinrin, s. name of a bird that lives on crickets.
Okke, s. largestraw bag.
Okkere, s. the squirrel.Okke re goriiggi iroko oju da "

^' When
sasa, the (hunted) squirrel gets on the top
of the iroko tree, there is an end (ofthe chase)."

Okko, s. a shuttle,canoe, boat, ship.

^Okko, s. spear, dart,harpoon. See Esin.
Oko, 5. hoe.

Oko, Okko, s. husband. "

Okp kiku
m9 li osi
obiri, "
The
death of a husband is the widow's anguish."
Oko-Assa, s. stirrup.
Oko-Ejika, s. shoulder-blade.
Okokan, adv. one by one. pron. each.
Oko-Iyawo, s. bridegroom.
233 2 H
 OKO
" "

Okoloriri, Okolaya (ok9-ni-obiri),

s. a married man.

Okonri, Okonrtn, s. man, male.

Okose (ko-ise) s. one who refuses to bear an errand, or

to work.

^Okun, s. name of a harmless reptilewith many feet,

supposed to be blind. " Okun mo onna telle ki oju

re ki o to fo," The okun must have known the way

before it was blind." "
Enniti bii hu ipa ko hii ipa,
y] enniti iba hu ele ko hu ele,okun ti oni igbaowo ti o

ni igbaesse nhu pelle, The person who might

iwa
"

have used his strength,did not use his strength;

the person who might have used force,did not use
force ; the okun, which has 200 hands and 200 feet,
gently."
acts

^Okun-Enia, s. stupid,dull, harmless person.

Ola, s. wealth,riches.
Olara, s. envious person ; freeman.
^Olaja, s. peace-maker. See Ilaja.

^Olelle,s. a kind of cake.

Olla, s. the morrow, to-morrow.

OllX, s. honour, respect,dignity,

authority.
Ollanla, majesty,great honour, dignity.
s.

Olle, s. embryo.
/^ Qlle, s. idleness, indolence ; an indolentperson. Olle "

kon I0W9,iyanjii
are li agba ijogbogbo ni ifi ire ni,
"
Laziness lends a helpinghand to fatigue : one must

persevere, because fatiguemust be felt every day."

Ollo, s. a largenether millstone, millstone.

Ologanran, s. the screaming cricket.

Ologba ( 9gba),s. owner

" of a garden ; a gardener.
Ologbon ( 9gb9n),s. prudent person.
"

Oloja, s. person of rank ; executioner.

Olokko (oni-9kk9),
s. owner or master of a ship; man.
spear-

Ololla, s. nobleman, person in authority.

Olommu-Eko, 5. a young woman justapproachingpuberty.
234
 OLO

Olonna, s. mechanic.
artisan,
Olopa (ni-opa),
s. a bearer of the king'sstaff,constable,
policeman.
Olopaga-Obba, s. bearer of the staff of royalty.
Olore (ni-ore),s. giver, donor.
Olorun (ni-orun), s. God, the Supreme Being. Olorun "

tobi li obba, God is the great King."

"

Oloro ( or9),s. possessingheaven ; a man

"
of wealth ;

name of a plant.
Olosa ( osa),s. robber, one who serves
" his chief by

robbery.
Olotan, s. distant relative.
Olotte (enni-otte), s. a seditious man, a revolutionist.

Olotti (ni-otti),
s. maker or seller of beer or any liquor.

Olotto, s. a respectable and rich person.

Oloyumbere, s. small streaked lizard.

^Omm9, s. broad leaved tree of the banyan kind.

^^"--Gmm9, s. child, offspring,
servant ; kernel. Bi ojuommp
"

ko to oran ato awigbo, If a "

child is not old enough
to be an eye-witnessof ancient matters, he must be
content with hearsay."
Ommo-Adire, s. chicken. "
Angba ommo adire lowo

/ iku o li ako je ki on ki o re atan lo ije, A chicken,

"

having been delivered from the hawk death,

(lit.
by being shut up),complained that it was not mitted
per-
to feed openly on the dunghill."

Ommo-Agadagodo, s. key.
Ommo-Agbo, Ommo-Owo, s. infant.
Ommo-^Agutan, s. lamb.
Ommo-Alade, 5. prince,princess.
Ommo- Alle, s. bastard, child born out of wedlock,
child of a concubine.

Ommo-Binrin, Ommobiri, s. girl,daughter.

Ommodan, s. young woman.

Ommode, j)l.Majesi, s. child ; state of childhood.

Ommodin, s. little finger,
little toe.
235
 OMM

Ommodo, s. brook, rivulet.

Ommo-Ewure, s. kid.

Ommo-Eiiin, s. younger, inferior,

follower.
Ommo-Esin, s. colt.

Ommogun, (pmmo-ogun), s. a soldier,

war-man.

Ommo-Kewu, s. scholar,learner.
Ommo-Kinniu, 5. lion's whelp.
Ommo-konri, s. son, boy, youth, lad, young man,

mighty man of valour.

OMM9-LALA, s. great grandchild.

Ommole (ommon-ille), s. salamander.

Ommoloju ( ni-oju), s, grandchild. "

O^niOLOjuBiNRi ( obinri), s. granddaughter. "

Ommolojukonri ( okonri),s. grandson. "

Ommo-Malu, s. calf.
Ommo-Oju, s. pupil of the eye.

OMM9-OKU, s. orphan.
Ommo-Ologinni, s. kitten.
Ommo-Obba, s. prince,princess,
child of a king.
Ommo-Ommo, s. grandchild.

OMM9-OMM9BINR1, s. granddaughter.
Ommo-Ommokonri, s. grandson.
Ommo-Owu, s. blacksmith's hammer.

0"ni9Ri ( "
ori),s. cover, lid,any small part of a sel
ves-

needed to complete it. " Ti ommori ti iye,"A

vessel with its cover."

OMM9RIKA (omm9-ori-ika), s. top or tipof the finger.

Omm9ri-Od6, s. pestle.
OMM9R1-OLL9, s. smaller or upper millstone.

OMM9SSE ( esse),s. toe. "

Ommo-te, '
v. n. to travail,to labour in child-birth.
" " "

Ommo-Waiiari, 5. the child of a female slave taken

for a wife.

Ommu, Ommo, s. breast,udder, milk ; instrument used

in weaving to divide the woof.

Omotti, Omottiyo s. drunkard.

(m9-9tti-yo),
' * "
'

236
 ORA

Ora, s fat,tallow,lard. See Aparo.

Oua-Egungun, s. marrow,
'Ora, s. purchase; purchaser.
'Oran, s. matter, case.

'Ore, s. friend.
^y^ORE,s.gift,
present. " Ore ije9re, oraije ora, aki idupe
motopo,
"
A giftis a and a purchase is a pur-
gift, chase
; but no one will thank you for ^
I have sold it
"

very cheap.'
Ore-Anu, s, alms, charitable gift.
Orekese, s. a very small straw bag in which cowries are

kept.
'Orere, 5. slisfhtfits.
Ore, s. small
whip, whip.
Oredan (ore-odan),s. the name of a tree (alsocalled

Ore-Odan) : the bark of this tree pounded and washed

in water, beingviscous,is used as leaven for ferment-
ing
Akara.

Orere, s. salt.

Orin, adj.eighty,
'Orin,5. dysentery.
^Oro, s. word, conversation; clay for building;evil
ghost,fairy.
spirit,
'Oro-Ijinle,5. profoundspeech,profundity,
mystery.
Oro, s. riches,wealth.
Oro-Ille, s. in lands.
inheritance,possession
Oro, s. equivocation, unfairness,
deceit.

Oro, s. the cactus or euphorbia,whose various species

are named Oro-Agogo, Oro-Ennukopiye, Oro-Sapo
or Satipo.
Orun, s. bow.

Orun, Qron, 5. neck.

Orun, adj.one hundred.
Orun, s. heaven, sky,cloud.
Orun-Apadi (lit. s. place
the invisible world of potsherds),
of punishment, hell.
238
 ORU

Orunla, s. dried okro.

discomfiture.
OsA, s, flight,
'OsA,s. space of time, time interveningbetween one

li kan, "
Wait
periodand another. " Duro osa agogo
for the space of an hour."

'OsA,s. act of robbing,robbery.

OsAN, s. name of a tree and its fruit.

OsANHAN, adj.straightforward.
.
OsANniN, s. the god of physic; medicine.

'OsiN,s. a water-bird. " ^"Osin mo iwe ino mbi eiye oko,

^ the other
"
Because the osin knows how to swim,
birds are envious."

OsEGGE, s. cloth of great width.

Oso, s. much speaking,exaggeration.
OsoN, OsuN, s. speciesof herb.
Ososo (son-ino), hospitable
s. liberal, person.
Ososo, s. a kind of worm found in brooks and rivers.

'OssA, s. name of the lagoon near Badagry.

OssAN, s, daytime.
OssAN-GANGAN, s. midday, noon.
from
OssE, s. holy day, periodintervening one holy time
to another ; space of a week.

U^ OsAN, bowstringmade of raw hide.

s. Ale koko bi osan "

9gbe jina ohun ma jina, (A cutting word is as) "

be
tough as a bowstring; a cutting word cannot

healed,though a wound may."

Osan-Enia, s. thin,slender person.
OsE, 5. soap.
OsE, s. crane.

/Osin, s. one who makes a mistake. " Osin ki isin ennu,

, ^ """"7
// " "

"Though a man may miss other things,he never

misses his mouth."

Oso, elegance, s. neatness, furniture.
finery,
^Oso, s. thorns used in pitfalls
; pickaxe.

Osoro-Adire, s. chicken.
'OsoRO, s. cascade, cataract
*
; droppingsfrom the eaves.

239
 oso
" " "

OsoNSON, OsuNsuN, s. rat-trap; a bard wood often used

for staffs.
Otan, adv. indeed,very well.

Otta, s. gunshot,bullet,ball.
Otta, s. enemy, opponent.
Otti-Oloja, s. executioner.

Otti, s. rum, beer,ale,any spirituous

liquor.
Otti-Kikan, 5. sour vinegar.
liquor,
Otti-npa, v. n. to be intoxicated (lit.liquoris killing).
Otti-Oda, s. old fermented liquor.
Otti-Ojo, s. new sweet liquor.
Otte, s. revolt,revolution, rebellion.

Ottesse, privateinformer.
s.

alone, separate.
'Otto, adj.difrerent,
Otton, adj.right,dexter.
Otton, Omi-otton, s. holy water used in libations.

Ottonla, s. the day after to-morrow.

Otton-' IwEFFA, s. the second chief eunuch.
Otton-Iyalode, s. a title next to Iyalode.

Otton-gabaz, s. the north with the face to the west.

'Ottoto, s. the whole of any thing.

Owa, s. branch of palm tree.

'OwARA, s. shower of rain ; any thingthrown or scattered.

OwARiRi, s. trembling.
^OwE, s. club or company, summoned to assist in labour.

Owo, 5. flock of birds, beasts,or cattle ; multitude, class;

company of travellers,
caravan ; herd, assortment. "

Owo enia gbatii,"A multitude of people followed

him."

Owo, s. hand; branch; spray.

Owo-^OsiN, 6'. the left hand.
Owo-Otton, s. the vm\\i hand.
OwoDiNDiN, 6". a bird so called from its cry.

Owo-Ina, s. flame of fire.

Ow(),s. broom, besom.
'Owo, *. honour, respect.
'240
 owo
" "

OwoDowo (9W9-de-owo),adv. (from)hand to hand.

OvvoLLE ( ille)s. time, opportunity. Bu

" " mi li owolle^
"Give me time."

OwoN, 5. vengeance, retaliation,

recompense, blame.
OwoN, s. black snake, which emits spittle upon its op-
ponents.

OwoN, s. scarcity, dearth,a wicked person.

Owowo, s. a bird which generallylodgesin holes.
Oya, s. hire, wages ; hedgehog.
Ova, 5. the wife of thunder,a goddessto whom the river

Niger is dedicated,which therefore is called Odo

Oya " The river of Oya.
OviVN,s. the name of a small stream running into the

"Ogun.
Oye, s. the harmattan-wind.

Ovo-GOHO-GOHO, s. bird, so called from its motion.

OvoMisi, s. expressionof respect to the elders of Oyo,

an

e.g. Gbogbo agba mo beru nyin,illu mo beru nyin,

Oyo misi mo beru nyin, I present my respects {lit. "

fear)to the elders in general,I present my respects

to the whole town, I present my respects to all the
leadingelders of Oyo."

P.

Pa, {primaryidea,to make to feel or suffer ; exten-

v. a. sively

to kill,murder, put out of

used in composition),

existence,ruin,slay; betray; quench fire,extinguish;

bruise ; rub ; scrub ; cut (yam seeds); cut calabashes
into halves ; break any hard nut ; peel the bark of

a tree ; beat at play; hatch ; tell fables ; cultivate a

new ; be
grassfield drunken.
Pa ^^^Abemo (tent,shed), v.n.
yb//ow(?t? to make a tent

or tabernacle.
Adano (loss),
V. n. to suffer loss in trade

or merchandise.
Agbo (a circle),
v. n. to make a circle. .

241 2i
 PA

V\ followedhi/Alo (riddle)j
v. n. to puzzle with riddles.
Alo (flame),v. n. to cease burning in a
flame.
Ase (law),V. n. to give law, command,
make proclamation.
Da (turn),v. a. to alter,change, convert. "

Emi ko le ipa ipo mi da, I cannot "

change my situation."
De (close),
V. a. to shut, close up. " Pa iwe

re de, "
Close up your book."

Ete (intention),
v. n. to be about to do,
intend to do.

^Imo (counsel),
v. a. to consult, suggest,
hint (lit.
to hatch counsel). a

Iye, v. n. to go throughthe farms in search

of provision in time of war ; forage.

Lara (ni-ara,body),v. a. to hurt, bruise.

Lerin ( erin,laughter),
"
u ". to excite to

laughter.
Mo (adhesive), v. a. to keep,reserve, pre-
serve.

Mora (mo-ara,close to the body),v. a. to

bear patiently.
NivE in memory), y. "". to confuse,
(ni-iye,
confound.
Niveda ( "
da, turn),v. a. to persuade,
Osu-JE (month), v. n. to miss the month.
Osusu (a grove),v. n. to stand in a grove,
form a grove.
Ojo-je, v. n. to miss a day or days.
Po ( "
plenty),v. a. to join,mingle gether.
to-

Run (to destroy)v. a. to destroy,annilii-

late,erase.
Pa, adv. at once, in an instant. " O gbe e pa,
"
He took it

.
up at once." v. n. to be bald,void of hair,barren.
242
 PA

Pa, inte'ij.
a word of exclamation.

Pa-da, v. n. to return, come back, change,alter.

Padaseiiin ( si-ehin), v. n. to return
"
back, relapse.
Pade (pa-ide), v. a. to meet with, come together.
Padegun (pade-ogun),
v. n. to meet in battle.
Pafa, s. butcher's table,board.
Pafo (pa-afo)
v, a. to wallow in the mire.
Paiiin (pa-ehin), v. n. to sharpen the teeth.
Pahin-keke, v. n. to chatter with the teeth as when one

shivers.
Pajo, Pejo (pe-ijo),
v. n. to assemble together.
Pakaja, v. a. to pass a country cloth from under the arm

to the shoulder.
Pako, s. bamboo.
Pako, s. board.

Pakunrete, s. kind of dove (alsocalled Orofo).

Pakuta, s. small stewpan.
Pala, adv. with much effort,with difficulty.
Palai, adv. not at all,not near, far from.
Palaka, s. the division of the fingers ; bough of a tree.

Palapala, rough,rugged crevices of rocks.

s.

Palo, v. n. to puzzle with enigmas.

Pa:m6, v. n. to hide ; be out of sight, concealed.
Pamolle (pa-mo-ille), s. viper. Pamolle ko oran "
afojudi,
"
The viperallows no insolence."
Panhun, adv. at once, in a stroke.
Pania (pa-enia),
v. n. to commit murder.
Panipani, s. murderer..

Pansa, dry calabash uncut, with the seeds in it.

Pansa-Ille, 5. grave, tomb.
Pansaga, s. harlot,prostitute fornication.
; adultery,

Pansuku, largecalabash with a cover

s. (used for carry-
ing
food,wearing apparel, and other articles when

travelling).
Panti, PANxiRi,s. a trailingplant.
plainnewly burnt ; pasture land.
Papa, s. grass-field,
243
 PAP

Papa, adv. violently v. Wa,

{qualifying tremble).
to " On-

wa papa bi enniti ina jo, "

You quiverlike one who
has been burnt."

Papagori,s. a small regardedby the

bird, superstitiously
worshippers of Sango, who pretend to understand
the meaning of its cry.
Papala, adv. flatly, v. Gbe,
drily{jiaalifying to parch).* "

O gbe papala, It is shrivelled up flat." "

Pape (pa-ape), v. n. to clap hands.

Pa-po, v. n. to unite, mingle.

Para, adv. with sudden noise.
Para (pa-ara),s. the upper part of the platewhich rests
on the posts supportingthe piazza.
Vara folloived hy M9, v. a. to keep oneself close,take
''
heed. Para re mo, Keep your-
self "

close."

Da, v. a. to disguise,
change, turn
oneself.

Parada, v. n. to disguise,
change.
Pari (pa-ori)v.n.anda. to come to an be
end, finish,
over, be superior.
Pari, v. n. to be bald.
Par"],s. jaw-bone.
Paro (pa-aro)v. exchange, barter. Awa
a. to " fi ohun

paro ohun, We exchange words for words."

"

Pa-run, v. n. to extirpate, destroy.

Pasi, s. a kind of coarse grass for thatching.
Pasan, s. (alsocalled Papasan).
oyster-shells
Pasan, whip. 5.

Pasi-paro, s. exchange,barter.

Pase (pa-ase), v. a. to issue a prohibitive

law.
Pataki, adj.chief,principal, head.
Patako, s. wooden shoe, clog; hoof.
Patapata,adv. with the whole, altogether.
Pati, afZ/.
forcible, violent.
Patipati, with force,with violence,forcibly,
a"^?y. violently.
244
 PER

Pe re, advi. quietly,

without bustle.

Pesse, adv. gently,easily.

Perepere, adx). raggedly,[quaUfy'mgv. Ya, to tear). " O
fa aso ya perepere,
"
He tears the cloth into

rags."
Perepere, adv. very {qualifying
v. Du, to be black). As9 "

yi du
perepere, This cloth is very "
black."

Petelle, s. level ground,plain.

Petepere, adv. comfortably.
Petepete, s. mud, mire. "
Petepete liesa o ta si 'ni lara
J ma won,
"
If the mud in the ^Ijesacountry adheres

to one, it will not

(easily) washed off." be
Petupetu (pa-etu),5. fowler,guinea-fowl catcher.
Pi, adv. entirely,
wholly,without exception.
PiDAN (pa-idan),v. n. to perform sleight of hand.

PiLLESE, PiLLE (pa-ille-se), v. a. to commence, begin;

(usedwith reference to mechanical work).
Pin, v. a. to share,divide.
PiN-FUNi, V. a. to divide, distribute.
Pin, v. a. to end, terminate.
PiNLE (pin-ille),
v. a. to terminate.

PiNPiN, adv. fast, tight.

PiPA, verbal adj.slain,killed, not dying of itself.
Pipe, avj.long,tedious ; old,ancient.
PiTAN (pa-itan), v. n. to argue or disputeabout one's age
by adducing old facts.
PiWADA (pa-ivva-da), v. n. to change one's behaviour and

conduct, to repent.
Pi VEDA v, n. to changethe mind.
(pa-iye-da),
PiYE ( iye),V. a. to plunder.
"

PoiiuNRERE (pe-ohun-rere), v. n. to cry aloud,to lament,

bewail, cry out dolefully.

PopoRo, s. stem of Indian or Guinea corn.

Polo, s. snare for beasts.

PoNSE, .s. name of a tree, the shell of whose fruit is used
for making snufT-boxes.
246
 POP

PopoLA, s. name of a tree bearingrich scarlet flowers,

the fruit of which is esculent.

PopoNDo, s. a kind of bean.

PoRi, PoRiRi, V. a. to turn round, whirl.

PoRiN v. n. to smelt
(po-irin), iron ore.

PoROPORo, adv. talkatively.

Posi, s. coffin.
PoTUTU (pa-otutu),
v.n. to endure cold.

Po, V. n. and adj.to be plentiful, many, cheap,common ;

great, mighty ; wealthy; able,powerful; increasing.

Po, v.a. to emit, to throw back.

Po-ju, adv. much, more than.

PojuLo, adv. most, above all.

PoKO, s. a kind of calabash.

PoN, V. sharpen an iron instrument ; flatter,

a. to make
much of. V. n. to ripen; get yellow; be red.
PoN folloivedhy Loju (ni-oju), v. a. to afflict,
trouble,
torment,

PoN, V. a. to carry on the back.

PoNGA, s. piecesof stick placed crosswise over the

body
in the grave to prevent the earth from touchingit.
PoNGA, adv. entirely,clean.
PoN-Rusu-Rusu, adj.brown, brownish.
PoNTi (pon-otti),
V. n. to make or brew beer (as from
Indian corn). or Guinea
PoNso ( aso),V. n. to ripen (as Indian
"
corn).
PosiLLE-PosoDE, adj.busy in and out.
PoTOPOTO, s. mud, bog, mire.
Pu, adv. precipitately. O tu pu, He runs precipitately."
"
"

Pupa, adj.red, scarlet,yellow.

PuPA-EviN, s. yelk,yolk of an egg.
Pupo, Pipo, adj.many, much, numerous.
Pupo-pupo, Pipo-pipo,adv. abundantly,numerously.
PuRO (pa-iro),
v,n. to tell a lie (Jit.
to hatch a lie).

PuTU, adv. well v. Ho,

{qual[f(/ing to lather).Ose " nho
"
putu, The soap lathers well."
247
 RA

R.

tie ; furnish with laths.

Ra, v. a. to buy, purchase;
Ra followedby Di, v. n. to retaliate.
repay, recompense,

.
/ 'Eddo, V. w. to feel compassion,
or ing
yearn-
of the bowels.

Ra, v. n. to perish,be lost,go to nothing; ache slightly,

(as the head).
(ni-iye, in memory),!?,
Niye to make
'Rk followedby n.

one stupefy.
forgetful,
Ra, v. n. to rot, putrefy ; hover as a bird.

rub upon. Okonri

Ra, ; creep, crawl ;
to struggle "

v. n.

na nra pala, The man struggleswith great

"

effort"
Rabita, AlarT, pieceof AlarT.
s. a

Radobo (ra-eddo-bo),
v. a. to shelter, defend; gather as

a hen does her brood.

Raganbi (ron-agan-bi),
.s-.a child born after a long season
of barrenness.
Raiiun (ra-ohun),
v. n. to murmur, complain,speak advisedly
un-

from much grief

Rajo (re-ajo),
v. n. to go on a journey,sojourn.

Rako (ra-ako),
v. n. to creep, crawl.

Ram-ram, adv. very {qualifying

v. ke, to cry, roar)."
Kenniu k6 ramram, "
The lion roared very loudly."
Ran, v. a. to send, despatch; to command, charge ; sew.

'y. n. to be slow in growing,be hide-bound.

RLn followedby Leti, v. a. to remind.

Ran, v. a. to communicate (as fire)

; be infectious (as
disease); cut or wound (asan instrument); help,aid
in business. " Ore mi ran mi lowo, My friend "

helped me."
Ran, v. a. to spin,twist cord or line.
Ra'n- Ipo, v. n. to speak ironically.
Ranhun-raniiun, v. n. to be perplexed.

Ranju (ran-oju), v. n. to look sternlyor fiercely.

248
 RAN

Ranti (ran-eti),
v. n. to remember, call to mind.
Ranse (ran-onise),v. n. to send a message.
Rara, adv.
loudly,vociferously {qualifyingv. ke, to cry
out). Nigbati mo soro na fun u, o ke rara,
" "When
I told him the word he cried out."
Ra'ra,s. and adj.none, nothing,none at all.

Rare, v. n. to suffer
linger, long and tedious sickness
a

without care and attention,struggle between life

and death.
Rau-rau, adv. entirely, totally.
Re, v. n. to change feathers as birds,moult, fall off as

hair or leaves.
Re, v. n. to go, depart (same sic/nijlcation
as ho).
Re, v. n. to go off",
springas a trap or snare.
Rebi (re-ebi), v. n. to go on a journey, sojourn.
Rede-rede, adv. foolishly.
Red! (re-idi),
v. n. to move the tail upward, as a bird when

it sits upon a tree; wag the tail. "

Eiye ba o redi,"The
bird sits (upon tree)and
the moves its tail upward."
Refix, Rufin v. n. to
(ru-ofin), break or transgress the
law.
Reke, adv. to an eminent degree.
Re-ko-ja, adv. beyond measure, v. a. to pass over ; omit ;

cross, traverse, go alone. "

Mo rekojaafara,
"
I crossed

bridge."
the
Reku (re-iku),
v. a. to despatch,kill (as a
kill, snare or

trap).
Rera ("
ara),v. n. to be
proud.
Rere, adv. well. adj.good,devout.
Rere, adj.at great distance. a

Reri (re-ori),
v. n. to be past harvest time, verbal adj.
having no more fruit on.

Reru, adv. entirely out of sight,

no more to be seen.

to hope, expect, wait for clean the

Reti (re-eti),
v. a. ;

ear with a feather or an ear-pick.

Re, v. a. to shear, cut short, cut, smear.

249 2 K
 RE

Ke followedhy Je, v. a. to cheat {l.\t.

to cut and eat).
IVIeyanmeyan, v. a. to crush to atoms.
/ Re, v. v. to agree, be stick
friendly, to. "
Egiin ko ba esse

re,
"
Thorns do not agree with the foot."
Re, pers. pron. reflect,
thyself.
Re, v. a. io dye,steep in water, tinge.
Re, jiers.jjron.his,himself.
Re, v. n. fatigued,
to feel
be tired, weary ; cast leaves (as

trees in autumn); hush, comfort; fade, wither; in- crease,

multiply; be deeply red.

Regge (re-egge), v. n. to set a snare for ; watch for,wait
for an opportunity ; find fault.
Relle (re-ille),
v. a. to go down, humble oneself,make
oneself low.
Rerin (rin-erin),
v. n. to laugh.
Rerin-wesi,v. n. to smile.
Rere, adv. very [qualify'mg
verbs of pursuing or motion

towards). Nw9n " le mi rere, "They are pursuing

me.

Rere-Oju, s. eye-servant,eye-service.Rere oju, oju li

"

J afeni suti lehin, "

An eye-servant promises friend-
ship
; but he
despisesyou behind your back."
Reyin (re-oyin),
v. n. to take honey from a hive.

Ri, v. a. and n. to sink, drown, immerse ; prepare the

woof for the loom by insertion in the sley.
Ri, V. a. to see, find,discover, v. n. to be, seem, appear;
be defiled,

Ri, adv. never, at no time. " Nwon mu esin na wa, irii

eyi ti ako ri ri,

"
They brought the horse ; the like
was never seen."
Wi followedhy Sa, v. a. to shun, avoid, run from.
RiDi (ri-idi),
v. a. to ascertain,see the end.
Ri-GB^ V. a. to receive,obtain.
RiKisl,5. conspiracy,
plot. Nw9n " di rikisi si mi, "They
plottedagainstme."
RiN, V. n. to laugh.
250
 RIN

RiN, V. n. to be damp, or soaked ; press down to the

ground.
RiN, V. a. and n. to tickle ; sail ; walk, go, move, gress.
pro-
" Bi ati rin li ako 'ni," As one is walking so
he is met."

RiND9 (rin-eddo),
v.n. to have a sensitive stomach ject
sub-

to nausea.

RiNRiN, adv. very heavy).v. Wuwo,

(quaJifying to be "

Okuta na wuwo rinrin, The stone is very heavy." "

RiRAN (ri-iran), t\ n. to see, see a wonderful sight.

RiRi, adv. exceedingly{ciualifying v. Wa, to tremble). "

Nigbati mo gbo orp na, mo vva riri, When I "

heard the word I trembled greatly."

RiRi, adv. somewhat tremulously{qualifying v. WX, to

shake). Otutu mu " ommode na o nwa riri, The "

child is cold, he shivers a little."

RiRi, s. the act of seeing. "

Ni ti riri mo ti ri i," Seeing,
I have seen it."

RiRO, Iro, s. the act ofrushing.

RiRO, Iro, s. the act of manufacturingiron.
RiRU, Iru, s. the act of issuing
forth from a dry spring;
issue of smoke from the fire kindled ; sprout of a

vegetable.
Riru-Omi, s. swell of the waves. " Riru omi ndide fuke-
fuke, "
The risingvery high."
waves are

Rd, V. a. to tell,relate ; conceive, imagine, meditate,

think deeply; stir up ; plague,trouble.

Ro, V. a. to sound ; place in an erect position
; excite,
render stimulant.
*
Ro, V. a. to cultivate,till; v. n. to drip.
Ro, r. a. to cause acute pain (as a sore or wound),to give
constant pain.
RoGUN, V. n. to drain into a pond or pit,collect by tillation.
dis-

RoHiN, (ro-ihin),
v. n. to tell news

Ro and Loju, v. to difficult.

a, appear
251
 ROJ

Roju (ro-oju),
V. n. to look sad,or displeased.
RoKi-ROKi, adv. biilliantly {qualifyingverbal adj. Pon,

red). " Aso na pon rokiroki, " The cloth is beauti-

fully
red."
RoLLE (ro-ille),
v. n. to succeed to the deceased head of

a family;to inherit property houses).

(especially
RoNA (ro-onna),
v. a. to stop or block up the road ;
clear the road.
RoNo (ro-ino),
v. n. to stir the mind, think, meditate ;
be sorrv.

RoNo-RONO, s. a thinker.

RoN9-pi:\VADA,
V. n. to change one's conduct, opinion,or
behaviour,after consideration,
repent.
RoRo, adj.austere, severe, harsh, fierce.
RoRO, adv. beautifully {qualifying verhal adj Pon, red).
RoRo, adv. very beautifully {qualifying Pon).
RoRE, s. pustule,pimple appearingon the face.
Ro, -y. w. to gush, give way. v. a. push, push forcibly,
break edge, pervert, turn aside ; to
or bend at the

collect a confused mass of things; translate,explain.

Ro, V. n. to wither (asthe hand or a limb),be scorched or
blighted(asgreen leaves), v. a. weaken, slacken,cool
the ardour.
Ro, V. a. to urge, constrain,press upon; v.n. to ease,

give time, hang suspend; feel easy, be fortable,

com-
upon,
be soft ; rain.

RpBi, (ro-ibi),
v. n. to be in the painsof child-birth.
travail,
Ro-BERE, expound by a lengthenednarrative.
V. a. to

RoGUN, V. a. to lay wait for,set a watch for ; produce seed

(as yams).
Rojo, V. n. to rain,pour down rain.
Rojo, V. n. to wither (as a green herb).
Roju, v.n. persevere, be
to patient.
Roju, adj.tame, mild, soft.
RoKiN, V. n. to relate tell old stories,
traditions,
RoKON, V. n. to rebel.
252
 RUL

RuLLu-uuLLU, s. seditious person, one who disturbs the

town.

RuRU, adv. confusedly.

RuwE (ru-ewe),v. n. to shoot forth leaves.

S.

Sa, s. time.

Sa, v. a. to expose in the sun to dry.

Sa, v. n. to flee,run.
^A followedbj/Di, v.n. to seek protection.
Sa, adv. (a particleprefixedto verbs to call immediate
attention),
now, see now. Sa gbo bi mo ti wi, Now "
"

hear what I say."

for.
Sa, coitj. " Yio sa se,
"
For it shall come to pass."
Sa, v. a. to make, aim at, point,apply medicine.

Sa, adv. awhile, for a time.

Sa foUoivedbj/Lami (ni-ami),v. a. to make a mark or

make a sign upon.

LojA, V. a. to slipfrom memory ; forget.

Pamo, v. n. to hide, conceal oneself.

Sabba (siin-abba),
v. n. to incubate, set on eggs ; hide
away.
Sa-di, v. n. to take refuge under the protectionof
another.
Sagadagba (so-agada-gba),
v. n. to become a pitched
battle.
Sagati ( 'aga-ti),
"
v. a. to encamp against.
Sagun (sa-ogun), v. n. to make charms or greegrees.
Sakani, s. neighbourhood.
Sakasaka, s. hay, groundnut leaves dried, provender.
Sakusa, s. black, long-tailed bird,said to be one of the
morning songsters.
Sa-kuro, v. a. to abandon, forsake,run away from.

Salo, v. 11. to run away.

Salaiia, Salala, y. a kind of napkin used by men. See
Ibante.
 SAL

Salubatta, s. sandals.
Samisi, v. a. to put a mark on, distinguish.
San, v. a. to split,gird,tie
crack, v. n. thunder. round ;
San, adv. aloud, straightforward, vividly. Ma-
directly, "

namana ko san, It lightens

vividly." "

San, adj.better.
/^AN, V. a. to pay, reward, benefit. " Olori li ori isan ki
^
isan akan loke ode, "
(The good geniusof the)head
prospers the owner of the head, and not the crab on

the bank of the river." A fortunate spiritis posed

sup-
to reside in each man's brain :
"
The crab is
used to represent one who has no connection with
or claim on another. proverb therefore signi-
The fies
that each man has an exclusive rightto the pro-
ducts
of his own forethought and industry.
San followedhy Telle, v. n. to advance money, pay
beforehand.
Sandie, Sanju, adj.a little better.
Sanra (san-ara),
v. a. to behealthyor well looking.
Sansan, adv. in small slips{quaUfyingv. Be, to split).
Sanyan, s. raw silk,coarse woven silk,silk cloth.
Sa-pa-mo, v. n. to hide, abscond.
SapaUa, Sapadi,v. (appliedonly to land).
n. to be barren

Sapere, v. n. to make a sign,give direction,token, or

mark, make a figure.
Saraha, s. alms, charitable gift. (As used by the Ma-
hommedans these giftsare very much akin to actual
^' sacrifice. Ore-anu, meaning unequivocally "alms,"
has been therefore employed in translation). Saraha "

babba ebo, "

Saraha is the father of sacrifice."
Sare, Sure (sa-ire),
v.n. to run.

Sare, square inclosed by

s. buildings.
Sarepegbe, s. the messenger of
company. a

Sari, s. the earlymeal of the Mahommedans before break

day-
during their fast-days.Babba " dide ki o mii
s^ri "
je, Father, rise, that eat sari."
you may
255"
 SAT

Sata, Kusata, s. lioiisehold,

group of buildingsunder
the inspection of a headman.

^Sase (se-ase),
v. n. to make a feast.

Sawo-o, int. behold ! lo !

Sagbaraka, v. a. to with
fortify a wooden fence.

Se, v. n. to be shut,close, be barren ; miss a mark or

one's aim.

^E followedhy Mo, v. a, to enclose,block up.

Se, v. a. to cook, dress and prepare victuals,to dye
cloth or leather.
Sebo (se-ibo),
v. a. to wax gross, to overpower with fat.
Segiri (se-egiri),-y. n. to be chilly.

Sepon, v. n. to be barren or unfruitful.

Sese, s. a kind of bean.
Si, 'G. n. to be, exist. lya ko si mo,
"
babba ko si mo ta

ni yio se itojumi, (My) mother "

is no more ; (my)
father is no more ; who shall take care of me ?"
Si, prep, against,
to, at, into,used always with a verb of
motion towards. " Emi nlo si ille wa, " I am going
to our house." "
Ogun taiTa si wa,
^' The enemy shot

arrows againstus."
Si, Sin, co}ij.
and, also, likewise.
Sii, adv. awhile, for some time. " O pe sii, He "
stopt
awhile."
SiAN, Stox, Suwa, adj.good,fair,pleasant,well.
SiBE (si-ibe),
adv. still,
yet.
SiHA, prep, toward, on the side of
Sille (si-ille),
ad"'.down to the ground.
SiKsiK,s. hiccough.
Si MI, V. n. to rest,pause ; hush, hush
interj. !
Srx, adv. before, first in pointof time. " O tete de sin
mi, "
He came before me."
Six, V. a. to fillon
string, a stringas beads or cowries.
V. n. to sneeze.

SiN, V. a. to accompany, lead on the way ; demand debt

due ; lord over, domineer ; serve a superior,
worship,
256
 SIN

adore ; cease, prevent from doing ; keep domestic

animals, raise cattle.

Sin followedhy Je, x". a. to imitate,mock.
SiNHU, SiNwiN, V. 71. to be be deranged.
silly,
SiNiKA, s. a white metal sold on the coast.

SiNisiNi (sin-enia), s. tyrant,lord.

SiNO,p'ej?. into,among.
SiN-siN, adv. closely {([ualifi/ing
v. pamo, to hide,conceal.)

SiPA (si-ipa),2)rep. in the track of.

SisiN,s. that which is to be served, worshipped,or taken
care of.

Siso,s. that which is to be thrown, cast away; word to

be spoken.
SiWAJu (si-iwaju),
adv. more, forward. " Siwa sehin,
"Forwards and backwards."
So, V. a. to tie,hang,suspend, v. n. to bear fruit.

hy Mo,
Sofollovjed v. a. to tie or hang upon.
So, V. n. to break wind.

SoBiA, s. the guinea worm, which causes a painfulswell-

ing.

SoFiN (so-ofin), V. a. to prohibit.

Soke (si-oke), adv. to the top, on top.

SoPANFA (so-ipanpa), s. to agree mutually in valuing
goods for the market.
So-Ro, V. 71. to hang so as to swing,suspend.
Se, v. a. to strain ; deny, negative.
Se, (adv. denoting earnestness in puttingone's resolution
to practice),
now, at any rate,at any hazard, surely,
now, indeed, truly.
Se, v. drop like dew ; put a questionto a stranger,
71. to

make inquiry; quake as the earth.

So, V. n. to speak,talk,tell,pronounce ; shoot out of the

stem, join, mend, patch.

So follotved by Asodon, v. a. to exaggerate.
AwiYE, V. a. to prove, make certain.

Di, V. a. to turn to, reduce to.

257 2 L
 so

So followedhy Daiioro (di-ahoro),

v. a. to desolate,
turn

to ruins.

Dassan ( "
assan),
v. a. to annihilate.

Di-RANiiuN-RANiiuN, V. a. to pcrplex.
No, V. a. to lose,throw away.
LiLi orDm'i,t;. 7^. toplay a game.
LoFiN (ni-ofin), v. a. to charge, com-
mand,

prohibit.
Lojo (ni-ojo) V. a. to lodge,assignto a

place.
Telle (te-ille),v. a. to foretell,
ticate.
prognos-

So, V. n. put a load down from the head.

to descend ;

"
/So,v.a, to heave, throw, cast at, turn, make to come. "

Ohun ti aso siwaju li aba, ohun ti asi gbln,li awa ;

nigbatiako so siwaju,ti ako gbin sille ki li abba, " A
thing thrown forward will surely be overtaken, a

thingplantedin the ground will be there to be dug

up ; but if nothing has been thrown forward, what
shall be overtaken ? and if nothing has been planted,
what shall be dug up ?"

So, V. n. to quarrel, scold, complain.

SoDi (so-idi), V. a. to explain, prove, declare.
S9FFA,V. n. to pawn, pledge.
SoLLE (so-ille), v.a. to place or lay the foundation.

SoMiDOLOTTO, s. the solitaryyellow monkey (also called

Oloyo).
Son, v.a. to broil by placingimmediately on the fire.
Son, v. a. to shove, move.
SoNMO, V. n. to move close to.
Son, v. a. to accuse, sue ; aim at.
SoNAsr, SuNAsi excitement.
s. irritation,
(s9n-ina-si), "

Nwon nse sonasi si mi, They are rousingan excite-

ment ^'

againstme,"
S9NIDI (so-enia-di),
v. n. to make or constitute.
SoNo, V. n. to lose,be lost.
258
 SON

SoNKi, SuNKi, v.a.to shrink,contract, shrivel,

shun.
SoKALLE, V. n. to descend, come down, go down, disem-
bark.
y
Y SoKUN, SoNKUN, V. 71. to
cry, weep, bewail. Elekun "

sonkun o ba ti re lo arokan iba sokun ko dake, A "

weeper (who comes to condole with her friend)

weeps goes and her way ; but one who dwells on

painfulrecollections weeps and never ceases."

SoRO, V. n. to hold conversation,
talk,speak.
S9R0-JEJE(so-oro),
V. 71. to whisper.

S9ROLEHIN (so-oro-ni-ehin), v. a. to backbite, calumniate

in one's absence.

SoRo-WEREWERE, V. ". to chatter,

talk without much ing.
mean-

SoTELLE (so-te-ille),
v. a. to tell beforehand, foretell,
prophesy.
Su, V. a. to sow, retail oil or liquor; take a thing out of
the socket, stand,or handle ; tire,weary ; walk lame
from pain of the foot; gild. Nwon
sow, fi omi "

"
wura su u, It is gilded,{lit.
washed with gold
water)."
Su, v.n. to break forth (as any eruptionon the skin),
to

appear in numbers on the surface.

Su, V. n. to fail of making an impressionfrom the blunt
edge of the instrument ; fail in cuttingor ing.
wound-

Sua, adj. universal,extensive, comprehending a very

wide range.
SuB9,V. a. to gild; overlaywith a thin coat of gold or
silver.
SuFE
(su-ofe), V. a. to whistle.

Sun, v. n. to sleep; congealas oil.

Sun, Son, v. a. to sue, accuse, complain of.
Sun, adv. strangely, with surprise{qualifying
v. Wo, to
v look at). Aditi wo 'ni li ennu
"

sun, The deaf "

look
with surpriseat the mouth (ofthe speaker)."
259
 SUN

SuNMO, SoNMO, approach, draw

V.near.
a. to "
Nigbati
mo sonm9 ille sa, awa pade, When we
"
drew near

to the house we met (one another)."

SuNYE, V. n. to doze, take a short nap.

Sure, Sare (sa-ire), v. n. to run, make haste.

Sure (so-ire),
v. a. to wish a blessingupon.
SuRU, Suuru, s. patience,perseverance under vexation.

SuwoN, SuwA adj.good, well, nice.

(san-iwa),
SuTi, s. a contemptuous poutingof the lips.

s.

Sa, v. a. to cut, wound, snap (a gun).

Sa, v. n. to fade (as the colour of cloth).
Sa, v. a. to pick up one by one, choose.

Sa, adv. in any wise, at any rate, only,merely, but. "

Babba ni ki ase e sa bi o ti wu ki ori," My father

said we must do it at any rate."

Saffa-pupa, s. the red wattle tree ; the colour yellow.

Saffa, s. iron ring worn on the wrist by hunters. "
Saffa
ni ike ode, "
The saffa is a hunter's ring."
Safin or Saba, s. chain
by hunters. worn on the wrist
Safojudi, v. n. to be saucy, insolent,impudent.
Safowora (se-fi-owo-ra), v.a.io steal,pilfer.
Sagalamasa ( agala-mo-asa), " v. n. to play tricks, be
guiltyof double dealing.
Sagbe, (se-agbe), v. a. to beg, borrow.

Sagbe-sagbe,s. a beggar,borrower.
Saho ( aho),V. n. to despise,contemn.
"

Sajo ( ajo),"
v. n. to be anxious.

Saju ( iwaju),
"
v.a. to go before,precede.

Sa-jo,^AfoUoivedhy Jo, v. a. to gathertogether.

Sai ! interj.(a word of defiance).
Saka, Sasa, adv. clearly, entirely, thoroughly. Ara mi "

da saka, "I am clear (ofany harm or blame)."

Saka, s. name of a kind of trousers.
V Sakata, s. fen,bog,morass, miry ground. " Sakata ni ida
260
 SAN

Sangbo (
"
igbo),V. n. to cut a forest for cultivation.
Sanpanna, 5. small-pox.
cow-pox,
Sapo, s. name used for making quivers.
of a tree
Sape (sa-ape)v. a. to clap hands.
Sapere (se-apere), v. a. to give direction,token,or sign.
Sapa-sapa, adv. not decentlyor neatly, roughly,abruptly.
Sapejure (se-p^-jure), v. n. to give a direction.
Saran (se-aran),v. n. to speak unconnectedly (asan aged
person from weakness of memory or loss of mental

powers).
Saroye (se-ro-ye),v. n. talk much,
to dispute,quarrel,

complain,argue, reason.
Sare (se-are),
v. n. to be older than.

Sata, Sata, 5. mud, mire, morass.

Satipo (se-atipo),v. n. to remove from one country to

another, sojourn.
Sawada (" awada),v. n. to jest.
Sawo ( awo),V. n. to.make a secret bargain,
"
conspire,
plot.
Saworo, s. small brass bells with narrow openings.
Sawotan (se-wo-tan), v. a. to heal,cure.

Sasa, s. scars made by the small-pox. Sasa se mi li oju, "

"
I am pittedon the face with the small pox."
SXsA, adv. only a few, here and there, scantily.
Sasa, s. worn-out palm-broom, broom.
Sasabaku, s. coffee plant.
Se, v. a. to do, act, cause, make, execute, manage.
Se, v.n. to give way. Se fun mi,
" Give "
me way."
Se, v. n. to be,answer to. Temi ni ise,
"
"
It is mine."

^E followedby Iregun, v. n. to reprove an ungrateful

person by reminding him of kindness
done to him.

Afojudi, v. a. to insult, affront,be

saucy to.

Lalejo, v. a. to entertain strangers.

Lewa (ni-ewa),
v. a. to adorn, beautify,
decorate.
262
 SE

^Y.followedby Loso (ni-oso),

v. a, to adorn, furnish.
NiBUBURU, v.a.io injure,
hurt, evil treat.
en-

RuBUTU, v.n. to write.

SuNASi, V. n. to provoke,urge to provo-

cation,
excite to anger.

Tamahan, V, n. to think, consider.

Sebaibai,v.n. to grow dim, be dim.

Sebe, s. a black snake which emits saliva.

Sebi,v. n. to suppose.

Sefefe,v. n. to brag,boast.
Se-gafara, v. a. to excuse, have respect for.
Segbe (se-egbe),
v.n. to be lost,perish,

Segbedegbeyo ( gbo-ede-gbo-eyo), v. n. to
" act the part
of an interpreter,
interpret.
Se-Irona, v. n. to go in search of.
Seke (se-eke),v. n. to tell a lie.

Sent ( enia),
"
v. n. to trouble or annoy.
Seni ( eni),
"
v. n. to givesomething over the purchase-
money.
Senewo (se-na-owo),
s. name of a bird (also called
Kakawo).
Seriju ( ri-oju),
v. "
n. to serve as steward or worthy
trust-

servant.

Se-pansaga, v. a. to prostitute.
Se-pasi-paro, v. n. to barter,make exchange.
Sepe (se-epe),
v. n. to swear, take oath.
Sepe, aux. V. had it been. " Iba sepe behe li o ri, "
Had
it been so."
Sesin (se-esin), mock.
v. n. to ridicule,

Se-tan, v. n. to be ready,be completed.

Setan, adv. after all.
Seun (se-ohun),
v. n. to be kind, be benevolent.
Se, v. n. to be fulfilled,
come to pass ; happen.
Se, v. a. to break a stick; break, conquer, subdue.

^'kfollowed
hy Keke, v, a. to reckon, number.
263
 SE

^E followedbi/Loju, Lekanna, v. a. to wink at by way

of hint,hint,beckon.

NiFON, V. a. to suit,rub, scratch the

body of another to indulge him in

pleasure.
NisE, r. a. to punish.
Se, v. a. to commence, begin; sin, ofTend, commit a

trespass,transgress.
very much
Se, adv. greatly, {qualifying
v. Yo, to rejoice).

Gbogbo wa nyo se,

"
" We all greatlyrejoice."

Sebo, Sebbo (se-ebo),

v. a. to sacrifice,
propitiate.
Sedda, s. silk.
Sedda- YoRiYORi, s. white silk.
Sedda-Elefin s. purple-shaded
(ni-efin), silk.
Seffe (se-eire),v. n. joke.
to jest,

Segge, s. high grass bending over the road towards the

. dry season. Segge ko mo enni obba, ojo ko mo

"

enni owo, As the grass segge" does not regard the

king'smessenger, so the rain does not respect great

men."
Segun (se-ogun),v. a. (lit. to break war), to overcome,
have the victory.
Seive (se-eiye), v. n. to rebel against,
revolt from.
Seju (se-oju), V. n. to wink the eye.

Se-keke, v. a. to give account, reckon by tickets ; cast

lots.

Seke-seke, s. fetters.

Sekere, s. calabash covered with cowries plaitedin work,

net-
and used as a drum.

Sekete, s. beer made from Indian corn.

Sembe, adv. (characterisinga blaze of light).See Imun-

MUNA.

Seno, v. n. to miscarry.
Senifinran, Etutupuye, s. a thorny shrub.
Seri (se-ori),
v. n. to divert the course, take another
direction.
264
 SE
"
"

Se-Orun, s. the of
setting the sun when it appears as a

globe.
Sepolohun (se-pa-oni-ohun),
s. name of a pricklyshrub
or tree.

Sete (
"

otte),V. n. to subdue, conquer.

SI,V. a. to miss, mistake,fail.
S\ followedby Fisi,v. a. to misplace.
No, v. a. to rinse,cleanse.
Si,Sin,v. a. to open, expose to sight ; remove, change
place ; be guilty; borrow, lend ; run with tation.
precipi-

^ifollowedby l^xiYKyv. n. to discover the mind;

alienate.
Laje, v. a. to condemn.

NivE, V. a. to remind.

Se, v. a. to do wrong, misbehave.

SlBI 5. spoon.
SiBO, s. the pawpaw
tree and fruit.

SiGBo,SiGBON, SuGBON, conj. but, yet.

SiGiDi,adj.moderately short and bulky.
SiGiDi,SuGUDU, s. earthenware image.
SiGUN (si-ogun), V. n. to set out for war.

SiGUN, s. the fig-nut plant.

Siji ( iji),
"
V. a. to shade, cast a shade, screen.

SiJiBO ( iji-bo), V. a." to overshadow.

Siju ( oju),V. n. to open the eye ; be daring.

"

Siju-w^o,V. a. to look upon, behold.

Si-KUN, V. n. to remain.

SiKKo ( "
okkp),V. n. to get under weigh.
Sillekun ( illekun),
"
v. n. to open a door, grant tance.
admit-

SiMORAN (se-mo-9ran),
v. a. to consider ; counsel.

SFn,adv. firmly,piercingly.Egun gun mi li esse

very "

sin, The thorn piercedmy foot very deeply."

"

Sin, Sinsin, adv. upright,firmly,steadily,fast,stead-

fastly.

265 2 m
 SIN

SiNiKA, s. pewter ; compositionof silver.

SiNsiN-OBBE, palaver sauce.

s. sweetmeat ;

SixA, V. n. to err, miss the road, stray.

Sio ! intoj.(a word expressingcontempt).
SiPAVA, lay open, expose to view
v.n. to

v. n. to beg pardon for.

SiPE (se-"ipe),

Sire( ire)v.n. to play.

"

SiREGUN ( iregun),v. n. to rebuke or

"
remind an grateful
un-

person of kindness done.

SiRO ( iro),
" V. a. to reckon, calculate.
SiRO, s. name of a bird.

SiRi,-s. a singlestock of guinea corn or rice with the

grainin the ear.

SissE (si-esse),
v. n. to move the foot ; make haste, or

speed.
SisE, v.n. to mistake ; act wrongly; do amiss.
SisE (se-ise),
v. n. to work, labour.
SisESiSE,s. workman, labourer.

SiSEPA, V. n. to labour, do hard work.

SisE (se-ise),
v. w. to suffer trouble, labour under some

difficulty.
SisiNiGUN,s. a bird.

SisoRO, adj.difficult.
Sisu,s. the act of being darkened.
SiwERE (se-were),v.n. to be silly,
be a fool.
Si wo ! intcrj.
(an expressionof defiance).
SiYEMEJi (si-iye-meji),
v. n. to doubt, hesitate ; (lit to

make two minds). O nsiyemeji, You are"

doubting." "

So, V. a. to be rough,passionate, peevish,sour.

So, V. a. to be slackened, or loosened.

So, adv. justa touch, a mere touch verbs of

{qualifying
touching,or dipping). " O fibo o so,
"
He justdipped
it."
So, V. n. to look stern, surly,or harsh,
SoFO (se-ofo),
V. n. to suffer loss of property.
SoFOFO ( fo), V. n. " to reveal secrets,tell tales.
266
 SOG

SoGO (se-ogo),
V. n. to perform worthy actions ; glory.
SojoRO, V. n. to cheat in play.
SojuKOKORo (
"
oju-kokoro),
v. n. to covet, be covetous.
SoKOTo, s. trousers.

S6koto,K6to,"^'.very narrow, confined space or room, as

a room. " Ille sokoto, or Ille koto kiki ekan,"A small
confined consistingof (almost)
nothingbut pins;"
room,
(a riddle, meaning the mouth with its many teeth).
Solo, s. small brook or spring.
SoLORi (se-olori), v. a. to command, head.

SoNO (so-ino), V. n. to be froward,surly, cross, passionate,

peevish.
SoNso, s, a point; the highestpointor tip of any thing.
Sore (se-ore), v. n. to do good, act kindly.

SoRO, verbal adj.hard, difficult.

SoRO ( "
oro),v. n. to be furious, be severe, act from

indignation or irritation.

Soso, adj.only,single, On " nikan soso li o mbe ni ille,

"
He is the only one in the house."
Sowo ( "
owo;, V. n. to trade.

So, V. a. to guard, watch.

SoFFO ( "
ofr9),
V. n. to mourn for the dead.

SoFFON-DiN, s. name of an herb used for sauce.

SoHOMBiA, SoROMBiA, s. pair of boots.

SoKAN ( okan),v. n. to be one, unite, agree.
"

Son, v. a. to take by small quantities,little at a time.

Son, adv. precipitately, with a plunge {qualifying v. Wo,
to enter). O wo ino re son, It plunged into it alto-
" gether." "

calmly. O
Son, adv. coolly, "
wo mi son,
"
He looks upon
me calmly."
S9RE ( ore),V. "
n. to associate,be friends.
Soso (" oso), V. n. to adorn oneself.
SoTTE ( "
9tte),
V. n. to rebel,revolt.
Sowo, V. a. to hand over ; send over.

SowoN, V. n. to be rare, scarce, dear.

*267
 su

Su, V. n. to make into balls, knead.

Su, V. n. to gather together in a great multitude (as
locusts or grasshoppers).
Su, V. n. to gatherblackness as rainyclouds, darken.
Su, V. a. to speak,hold a speech ; intrust.
Su, v.n. to evacuate, throw out.

Lohun
Svfol/oivedbi/ (ni-ohun),
v. a. to censure severely,
vituperate.
Si,D. rt. to answer ; be concerned about,
notice.

Su-Bo, V. a. to come upon in a crowd.

SuBu (se-ibu),
v. n. to fall down.

SuGBON, but, yet.

co})j.
SuGUDU, SiGiDi,s. image worship made of clay.
for
Su-jo, V. n. to come togetherin a dense crowd.
SuKU, s. a kind of basket.
SuKURA, s. a name of the partridge.{SeeAparo.)
Su-MO, V. a. to come upon in a crowd.
SuNo (su-ino),v.a. to be suffering from diarrhoea.
Supo ( ipo),V. n. to marry a widow.
"

SuRi^,adj.small (appliedto heaps). Ebe "

suru,
"
A small
hillock."
Sltru,adj.large(appliedto the tail of a peacock, cock,
turkey,or a bunch of any
thing).
Susu, adv. to a great degree, greatly, {qualifying
utterly,
V. Run, to destroy), " Ino ru mi susu,
"
My passion
wasgreatlyexcited." " Nwon run illu nasusu, "They
utterlydestroyedthe town."

T.

T \, inter.jpron. W hot "

Ta ni nse behe ? "Who is doingso?"
Ta, v. a. to kick ; burn smartly (as pepper); shoot at ;

sting; open a boil ; spill, shed ; shine upon.

T x followedby Ire, v. a. to imprecateevil upon.
Laiya (ni-aiya),v. a. to strike the breast,

oppose, be contrary to. " Afefe ta okko

268
 TAN

Tan, v. lighta lamp or torch, shine

a. and n. to ; entice,
deceive, decoy ; spread,scatter.
Tan, v. n. to be done, cease, be at an end.

Tan, v. n. to be related to. "

Emi ko ba iwo tan, emi ko
ba iwo re,
"
I am neither related to, nor in friend-
ship
with you."
Tangala, s. name of a bird.
Tangiri, Tagiri, s. a running plant,whose fruit is used

in tanninghides.'
Tani ? m^^r.p'ow. who ? whom?

Tan-je, v. a. to deceive, entice.

Tanju (tan-oju),
v. a. to look sternlyat.

Tantan, adv. violently {qiiaUfying

v. Na, to stretch). "

Emi na esse mi tantan,

'^
I stretched my legsto their
full extent."

Tantasi, s. yam not pulledup, but left to and bear

grow
in the same hole,
Tapa (ta-ipa),
v. a. to kick.

Tape ( ipe),v. n.
" to appear (as the ear of Indian corn

on the stalk).
Tara ( "
ara),v. n. to be hasty,be too anxiouslycon-
cerned.

Tar A, s. gravel clay, used in giving solidity

to mud
floors.
"^1
ARA, adv. straightforward.
Tari (ta-ori),
v. a. to push violentlyor headlong.
Tase ( ase),v. n.
" to fail,miss the mark, miss one ther.
ano-

Tase ( ase),v. "

n. to imprecateevil upon, curse.

Taso ( aso),V. "

a. to arrange (thewoof on pins from the

reels).
Tassa, s. pan, pewter plate.
Tasse ( "
esse),
v. a. to kick, kick with the foot.

Tayo, Taw^o ( ayo),v.

"
n. to play the game called the

warry.
Te, adv. on the very verbs signifying
top {qualifying to

270
 TE

put upon). Eiye ba le ori iggi t^,"The

or rest "

bird sits righton the top of the tree."

Te, v. a. to worship,adore ; rear ; indulge,fondle,re- spect.

-'Orisa ti akeke ti ko gb'ike,orisa ti atete

"
ti
ko gbite,oju popo ni igbe, The god who would "

i^
not be pleased, when they tried to please it,the god
who would not be propitiated, when they tried to
propitiateit, must take up his abode in the high-
way."

Teatre, s. theatre.
(Gi'.)
Tede, s. a kind of parrot very destructive to Indian

corn. .

Tefe-tefe, adv. the whole, entirely.

Teju, Toju (to-oju), V. a. to take care of,mind, have the
oversightof.
Temi (ti-emi), of me,
^;?"o"^. mine.

Tete, adv. soon, quickly,first,in the first place. Ise "

temi ni ki atete kose, My w"ork is to be done first." "

Tete, adv. fast, with a quick pace. Ommode nsure tete "

li oju opopo, The child is running fast on the high-

"
way."

Tete, 5, leg (ofa goat or other inferior animal); kick

from such an animal : (that of a man or a horse is
called Ipa). " Ewure yan mi ni tete, "A goat kicked
me.

Te, adj.and v. n. to come to disgrace; be level,be flat ;

be tasteless,beinsipid.
Te, v. a. to beat,outdo ; lay,place gentlyon.
Te followedhy L0R9N (ni-oron), v. a. to make level ;
be satisfied with, satisfy.
Te v. a. trample,tread ; bend ; castrate.
to

Te followedhi/Balle (ba-ille),v. a. to bend down.

Id6, Tedo, v. n. to encamp ; form an

establishment.
Lesse (esse),
v. a. to inform privately,
givea hint.

271
 TE

hi)Molle
T\folloived (mo-iile),
t". a. to trampleunder
foot, tread upon.
Na, adv. already. Iwo " te de na, "
Are

you come already?"

Ri, V. a. to suppress, put under, hide.
Tebere, \\ a. to make level, make low.

Tegun, -y.w. to set in battle array, lay wait.

TEI11NB9RUN,s. name of a tree.

Teiiinghesa, s. crust.

Teju (te-oju),
n. a. to be flat,level.
Tejumo ( mo), "
V. a. to fasten the eye upon, look nestly,
ear-

attend to.

Tele, v. a. to follow. " Mase saju,sugbon tele won,

" Do

not before,but follow

go them."

Telle (te-ille),
v.n. to tread on the ground ; adv. hand,
before-

previously.Awa " ti mo telle,pe behe ni yio

ri, "
We knew beforehand that so it would be."
Tennumo (te-ennu-mo),
v. a. to affirm.

Tentere, s. name of a carnivorous bird.

Tenyin (ti-enyin),
poss. pron. yours.
Teriba (te-ori-ba),
v. n. to stoop, bow the head to the

ground.
Teruteru (ta-eru),
s. slave-dealer, seller of slaves.
Tete, s. game of chance.

Tete, s. herb.

Tete-Egun, s. a of
species cane (used as cough-medicine).
Tetere, adv. carelessly.Aki " imu ibon tetere, " A gun
is not to be held carelessly."
Tetu, s. executioner.
TEW9GBA (te-9wo-gba), adj. acceptable,approved, ceived.
re-

V. a. to take in hand.

Ti, V. a. to thump, strike with a heavy substance ; fade,

lose colour.

Ti, r el, pron. who, whom, which, the one which. " Okon-
ri ti mo wi ti pada de, "
The man whom I tioned
men-

has returned."
272
 TI

Ti, conj.yet. " Emi ko ti ib,I do not go "

yet."
Ti, V. a. to prop, support, cast, push, shine ; fasten,lock,
" Ti illekiin ki o to jade, "
Lock the door before

you go out." Ma se ti ommode "

subu, "
Do not push
the child down (lit. to fall)."

Ti followedby Saju, v. a. to put forward, place be-

fore.

at, to, with, by,

Ti, 'prej).against, near. " Ma se duro ti

mi, "
Do not stand
by me."
Ti, adv. not ; (denotingfailure,inability).
Babba "

k9
ille ti, "
My father is not able to finish the house, or
fails in building."
Ti, adv. heavily,vehemently, with great force. " Orun

na bi lu mi i\,"The smell overpowers me."

Ti, aux. v. have, have been. v. n. to gnaw. " Awa ti lo,

"
We have gone." Eyi " ti pari, "
This has been complished."
ac-

case, of,belonging
Ti, prep, signof the possessive to. " Ille
ti 'wa wo,
" Our house fell." " Iwe ti emi ko 'yi,
"
This is not my book."

T\,prep.from. " Bi iwo ti ti ibe de m, "You have just

come from the place."
Ti, adv. how ?" Eyi ti ri? "
How is this ?"

TiA, TiRA, s. book, letter.

Mahommedan charm ;

TiAN, TiANTiAN, adj.distant,long. Oniye ni iranti ojo "

tian tian, Long as the time is,it is within

" the com-
pass

of memory has number

(Jit. in remembrance)."

TiAN-TiAN, abundantly, profusely, plentifully

adv.

{qualifying
v. fo, to fly). Eiye fo soke tiantian, "

"The bird flew up to a very great height."

Tiantian, s. bird so called from its cry.

TiBAYi, dem. pron. the one yonder.

Tiju (ti-oju),
V. n. to blush, be ashamed.

TiKARARE (ti-ika-ara-re), pron. thyself,

reflect, belonging
to thyself
to himself.
TiKARARE, reflect, p'on. himself,belonging
273 2 N
 TIK

reluctantly.
unwillingly,
TiKO, adv. heavily,
TiLLE, couj.
even, though,although. Bi awa " ko tille lo
"
ki ni yio se wa, Though we should not go, what
could he do to us?"

TiM0-TiM9,adv. closely, adhesively.

cushion.
TiMTiM, s. pillow,
TiNABo (te-ina-bo),
v. a. to kindle,set on fire.

Ting, Tinotino (ti-ino), adv. with the heart, from the

heart,heartily,p-ep. within.
Tiui, V. n. to stoop, to look downwards.
Ti ^r"?;9.once
HI-SI, against,
oppositeto.
TiRiNMOLLE (ti-irin-mo-ille),
v. n. to stand firm.
Tiro (ti-iro),
v. n. to stand on tiptoe,
so as to reach a

high object.
TiROTiRo, adv. with consideration,advisedly.
TiSA ju adj.foremost,former,
(ti-isaju), v. a. to put for-
ward
or foremost.
TiTANi ? 2)ro)i.whose ?

TiTE, adj.that which is to be trampled upon or

s. and
castrated ; trampled,castrated.

TiTi,conj.until,till.adv. continually,
ever.

TiTi, adv. tremulously,{qiialifymg verbs of shaking or

quaking of the earth). lUe mi titi,"The earth "

quaked violently."
TiTi-LAi, adv. until ever ; never.

direct,
Tito, adj.straight, s. that which is to be ened.
straight-

T1T9N,TiTTON, adj.young, fresh,new.

Tiwa, Taw a, poss. pron. ours.
TiwoN, 2^oss.pron. theirs.
TiwoNwoN, s. wart ; name of a bird.
To, ToTo, ToTOHUN, adv. (emphatical,used only
never ;
wdien a transgressor promises amendment). Toto- "

hun emi ko se behe mo,

"
Never ! never will I do so

again."
To, V. u. to be enough,be sufficient,be capacious,
reach at.
274 1
 TO

To, adv. the

(expressing dropping). manner or sound of "

Omi nkan to,to,to, "The water goes drop, drop,drop."

To, V. n. to stand in a line, muster, place in rows ; be

restored (asa broken limb).

To, adv. well (expressive of satisfaction,used mostlyby

Mahommedans) .

ToBEHE, adv. degree,insomuch, in such wise.

to such a

ToBi, adj.and v. n. to be big,great, supreme.

ToBiJu, adj.and v.n. to be biggerthan,largerthan.
ToBiJULo, adj.biggest, largest.
ToBi, s. napkin,wrapper.
Tobi-Inowo, s. towel.
Togbe, v. n. to slumber, doze.
ToGBo, s. name of a forest bird.
ToLOTOLO, turkey. s.

Tojubo, v. n. to plunge the eye into,look into,view.

ToNiTONi, adv. cleanly.
ToNiTONi, Teniteni, couj until .
now.

ToNTORo, a^. {used respecting liquids); a very little,

a

"
very small drop. Bu omi tontoro si obbe,
" Pour a
small drop of water into the sauce."
Tori (to-ori),
v. n. to fall to one's share.

Tori-Oju, v. n. to satiate.
satisfy,
ToRO, s. name of a kind of rat,noted for fatness ; kind of

country coat, used as an upper garment.

ToRo, V. (asdirtywater) ; be still,be at
n. to settle rest,
be at peace, be tranquil.Ule toro, or Aiye " toro,
*'The country is at peace."
To-si,s. neighbourhood,nearness, proximity.
ToTO, adv. clearly,
serenely.
ToTO ! ToTOiiuN ! adv. a word of humiliation before the

gods or a superiorpower, denotingsubmission and

repentance, and a promise never to do so more.

ToTo, adv. {qualifyingFe, to distort the face),very. "

Gbogbo won oju toto, They all distort

fe "
their
faces ;" a phrase describingthe expressionof coun-

275
 TOT

tenance assumed by those who have a laborious task

imposed upon them. See Fe.

ToTo adv.
(ti-oti-to), of a truth,in truth,truly.
ToYE (to-iye),
v. w. to be of equal value, ac^.meritorious.
TovETovE (ti-oye), adj.with observation, considerately,
discreetly.
To, V. a. to correct,bringup, educate ; direct ; straighten
;

annoy, trouble ; touch ; enrage.

To, adj.andv. n. to be straight,
right,true ; be long ; be
durable splitinto ; small slips(as straw for hats or

bonnets).
To folloived
hy EJ9, v. a. to settle,
trace a matter.

Wo, V. a. to taste.

To, V. n. to make water.

To, V. a. to follow, go to, resort to.

Toiio, adv. expressionof praiseto a younger person. "

O seun toho," Well done, lad."

To.iu,Teju (to-oju), v.a. to take care of,watch, see after.
ToKKANTOKKAN (ti-okkau), adv. with the soul,heartily.
Tokko, (to-9kko), v.a. to steer,guidea ship, canoe, or boat.
Ton, adv. again,once more (used in compositionto ex-press

repetition).
1lCm followedhy Gbe, v. a. to take again,resume.

Ka, v.a. to count again,repeat.

Mu, V. a. to hold again.
So, Wi, V. a. to say over again.
Wo, V. a. to look again,review.
ToNNA (to-onna), v. n. to take the lead,go on the road ;

follow,trace the path.

T9PA, ToPAssE (t9-ipa),v. a. to trace, follow a track or

footstep.
Tore (ta-9re),v. See "\ followed hy Tore.
ToRo, V. a. to borrow, beg of,petition, ask a loan.

ToRDN (ti-orun), adj.of or from heaven, heavenly.

TossE, V. a. to trace out.

T9TT9, adj.whole, complete.

276
 TUT

Tutu, adj. green ; raw, wet, damp, cold ; cool ; meek,

quiet;fresh (opposed to salt).

U.

U, 'pers. ])7'on.3d pets. case, him, her, it

sing,ohjec. (iised

afterverbs commencing tvith the vowel u.

eiqyJtonicallij
See O)." Okko mi tobi, emi ko le itu u, "My
canoe is large; I am unable to navigateit."

W.

Wa, v. a. to seek for,search ; divide,share.

WkfoUoived
hy Idi,Wadi, v. a. to make close exami-
nation.

KiRi, V. a. to seek about, search for.

Wa, v. n. to be, exist ; dig ; pulla boat.

V^XfoUoivedhy Laiya, v. a. to strengthen,encourage,

embolden.
'
Wa, Wa, 2?row. contr.fromAwa ; us.

Wa, v. n. to come, move towards ; shake, tremble.

Wad! (wa-idi),
v. 7i. to examine into,scrutinize.
Waduwadu, adv.
hurriedly, takingno time.
Waga, s. a parcelof Kaniiun ; soda.
(rock salt)
Wagi, s. butter.
Wagun (wa-ogun),v. n. to set in battle array.

Waiialla, s. trouble, affliction.

Waiiari, s. female slave taken for a wife.
Wai or Wayi, adv. now, at this time.

Wain {Eng.),s. wine.

Waji, s. dye, blue stain from dyed

blue cloth.

Waju, Iwaju, s. face, front,forehead.

Wajo, v. a. to settle a matter, search into a matter

avenge.
Wakasi, Warakasi, s. sour milk, cream, cheese.

Wakati, s. time,hour, period of time.

Wala, s. a board used for writingon by the Mahomme-
dans.
278
 WOH

WoiiiN (vvo-ehin),
v.n, to be crooked on the back,have a

hunch back.

Wallami, s.paddle.
oar,
Walle (wa-ille),
v. n. to be sober, recover oneself (as
from drunkenness). Oju re walle wai, "You
"
are

now sober."
Walle, dig the ground.
v. a. to

Wanran-wanran, adv. foolishly,irregularly.

Wapa, Warapa, s. epilepsy.
Wapakan (w^o-apa-kan),
i?. n. to blink, look sidelong.
Wara, s. cream, cheese.
Wara-^Ojo, s. shower.
Wari, Hari, v. a. to share, divide ; do homage to a

king,worship.
Wa-riri, v. n. to tremble
greatly.
Waronki (wa-oron-ki),
v. n. to stiffen the neck. "
Agidi
enia ni iwaron ki le kakaraka, "
A haughty person
stiffens his neck."

Wawa, Haha, s, the leaf of Indian or Guinea corn.

Wawo (wa-owo),V. n. to cease raining,cease, abate.
Wayi, Wai, adv. now, at this time.

Waya-'Ija, v.n. to come to a close contest; struggle.

We, v.n. to twist,curl ; wean a child.
WifoIIoived hy Po, v. n. to twist or curl round.
Wele, adv. with lively
lively, motion (expressive
of the
motion of leaves and grass at a gentlebreeze). "

Afefe se oko wele, "

The wind makes the grass rustle."
Were, adj.silly, foolish.

Were, adv. with a quick livelymotion.

Werew^ere, adv. nimbly,quickly.
Werepe, Wepe, s. running plant like a bean, bearinga
hairypod which stingsthe hand when touched.
We, adj.and v. n. to be fine (appliedto grainsor fibre). "

Owu, ti mo ra o we,
"
The cotton which I purchased is
fine."
We, v. n. to sport (aswife and husband)-
279
 WE

We, v. a. to criisli grain by

(either mills or by mastica-
tion)

; to grind,masticate,smash. " O le bi oju eja ti

ehin ko le iwe, "
It is as hard the eye of
as a (smoked)
fish,which the teeth cannot break."

We, v. a. and n. to swim ; wash the body ; dress,deco-

rate,
adorn ; cleanse.
We followedbi/No, v. a. to wash off,purify,cleanse.
Lewa (ni-ewa),v. a. to castrate.

Weno, v. a. to wash, cleanse.

We-no-mo, v. a. to purify, cleanse thoroughly; sanctify.

Werewere, Wewe, aclj. small, dwarf.

Were, adj.small-sized.
Wi, V. n. to say, speak, tell. ^Wi kan fun mi ki nri wi "

nigbatimo ba de ille,"Tell me one thing that I

may repeat it when I reach home."

Wifolloived hy Fu, v. a. to tell to.

Wi, V. a. to burn the hair slightly, singe.
Wijo (wi-eJ9), V. n. to complain.

WiKiRi, V. a. to publishabout.
WiLTKi, Sr leather worn by males.
Win, V, n. to lend to ; borrow from. " Awin isan ko ri
ow6 win, "
The borrower who does not pay gets no
^ lent him."
more money
WIndi, s. inner coat worn next the body.

WiNHiN, adj.near, approximate. Ille vva " ko winrin,

"
Our house is not near."

hurriedly. Ju
WiRnviRi,"6/i5.hastily, " u vvirivviri,
"Take
it up quickly."
WiRiw iri-Alle,s. evening,dusk.
WiwA, s. the act of coming. See Iwa.
WiwE, adj.w^ashed. See We.
Wiwo, adj.crooked. See Wo.
Wiwo, adj.puttingon, enteringin.
Wiwu, s. abscess, swelling.
Wo, V. a. to fell a tree, break down walls or any upright
structure, v. n. to fall down (as a tree); fall (as a
280
 wo

horse any or largeanimal). Esin " babba wo,

"
My
father's horse e. is dead).
fell ;" (i.
W6 hy Balle, Lulle, Palle,
folloived v. a. to break
down.

Wo, V. a. behold, visit,see ; take

to care of, attend
a sick person, v. n. to look, appear. "
Wohin wohun,
"
To look here and there."
Wo folloived
bi/Firi, v. a. to look with a glance.
JiNA, V. n. to heal a wound or sore.

Wo, V. n. to doze. "

Li oru anna emi ko sun emi ko wo,
"
Last nightI neither sleptnor dozed."

WoDU, V. n. to grow dark, blacken, assume a dark pearance.

ap-

WoL?, s. {Haussa) prophet.

Wolle (wo-ille),
v, n. to fall with the face to the ground

(throughfear or reverence); worship.

WoLUHA, s. family prayer (expressionborrowed from

the Mahommedans).
WoRAN (wo-iran),
v. n. to see, sight; indulge the sense

of seeing.
WoRO, 5. grain.
Wove look out,observe,
(wo-oye),s.to take notice,perceive.
Wo, X). a. to drag,pullalong.
Wo, v.n. to be crooked,be bent.

Iwo, s. crookedness.
Wiwo, adj.crooked.
Wo, V. n. to set (as the sun) ; disappear(as pimples
from the skin); roost (asfowls); go in, enter ; put on
clothes ; hollow ; be be
suitable, convenient.
Wh followedhy Loron (ni-oron),
v. a. to press down (as
a heavy burden).
WoBFA, greediness,lasciviousness.
s. Wobia yo tan o "

pe egbe re wa, The gluttonhaving eaten to the full

"

(inthe house of a friend), calls his companions also

to come (tothe same house," instead of beingsatisfied

with the hospitality he has received).
^

281 2o
 WOK

WoKKo (wo-okko),V. n. to embark, enter into a ship.

WoLLE (wo-ille), V. w. to enter into the ground, sink
down into the ground.
Won, adj.and v. n. to be dear, be scarce, not common.
Won, v. a. to catch a thingthrown from a distance; wean;
sprinkle.
Won, v.7i.io weave, knit; blame, retaliate. " Owon
adire bi iti won kolokolo ni mo fi won o, "The

vengeance which the fowls imprecateon the fox, do I

imprecateon you."
Wgs, pers. pron. obj.case, them {contr.from Awon, they).
Won, v. a. to measure, weigh ; prune, pick olF,aim at.

Wonni, dem.pron. those.

WoNo (w9-ino),v. n. to enter in.

W0NS9 (won-aso), v. a. to weave clothes.

Wo'SY I, dem.pron.these.

WoRiN, V. a. to make nails.

W0R9WORO, Wowo, adv. {qualifying v. Lo). " Omi lo wor9-

W9ro,
"
The water is only lukewarm."

W9S0 (w9-aso),
V. n. to put on clothes.
Woso-woso,
" "
" " " " /
5. name of a bird.

W9-T1,V. n. to draw aside,sit by.

W9W9, s. copious.
Wu, WuNi, V. a. to please,give pleasure. ^"Iwa re wu "

mi gidigidi, Your conduct pleases me exceed- ''

/ngiy."
Wu, V. n. to swell ; look gloomy ; increase,multiply; stir
up the sediment.

WuNDiA, Ommodan, s. virgin, maid.

WuRA, s. gold. Enniti o m9 wura " li a ita a fun, "
Gold
should be sold to him who knows the value of it."
WuRE (wu-ire),v. n. to wish a blessingupon from the

gods,imploreblessings ; censure.
WuRu-wuRu, Wuwu, adv. higgledy-piggledy,in a fused
con-

mass.

Wuwo, adj.heavy,dull.
282
 yA

Y.

Ya, a^. andv. w. to be in haste,be quick,soon, early.

Ya, v. a. to hold in pawn ; purchasean image to worship.
" Mo ri ere mejiti iwo ya l9ddo gbenagbena, I saw "

the two imagesyou purchasedfrom the image maker."

Y k followedby Ere, v. a. to make an image.
Ibeji,Yabeji, v. n. to purchase images
of the god of twins.

NiHA, V. a. to annoy or vex by sistent

incon-
conduct.
Ya, v. n. to warm oneself (at the fire,
or in the rays of
the sun).
YkyV-ti.to giveway. " Ya fun mi kuro li onna, "Give

way out of the road."

Ykfollowed hy Ahanna, Yahanna, v.aAo become wild
and obstinate.
\k,v.a. to separate; comb; adjust;divide.
Ya, i;. a. to tear,rend, pluck Indian corn, break off. See
Agbada.
Yabode (ya-ibi-ode),v. n. to smuggle goods, avoid

enteringthrough the custom house.

Yagan (ya-agan),"y. n, to be childless,barren.

Yagbe (ya-igbe),
v. n. to evacuate.

Yaju adj.officious,
(ya-oju), overforward.
Yalla, cory. whether.
Yamyam, musquito,sandfly. Yamyam
s. se fiijali aili "

'*
apa, The musquito makes a bold attempt, without
(/ power arms) to accomplish it." The buzzing of
(/iV.
the musquito is supposed to resemble the word Gbe,
To carry away."
"

Yan, i;. n. to gape, yawn, neigh,kick.

Ykn, followed hy Nitete, v. a. to kick.
Yan, v. a. to choose,select take any thingfrom a larger ,

number without choice. " Eru po, yan die sille nino
"
re, The load is heavy ; put some on the ground."
283
 YAN

Yan, adv. brilliantly.

Orun "
boju yan, "
The sun shines

brilliantly."
Ya^ followed"y Niposi (ni-ipo-si), v. a. to contemn,

despise.
Owe, Yanwe (yan-iwe),v. n. to be
protuberant(likea young bird).
Yan, v.n. to walk proudly,walk leisurely, make oneself
of greatimportance.

Yan, v. a. to bake, fry,parch.

Yana (ya-ina),v. n. to warm oneself at the fire.

Yangan, 5. Indian corn.

Yangi, s. red soft stone (commonly used for buildingin

Leone).
Sierra
Yangidj, s. package of money.
Yaniiun, s. cat ; v. n. to threaten, promisehostility.
Yanju, adj.fair,beautiful.
Yankoto, s. an esculent herb.
Yanna (ya-onna),
v. a. to giveway, avoid.

Yanuan, v. n. to be tenacious,
not easilycorrected or vised.
ad-

Yanranyanran, adv. Orun

brilliantly. "
nran yanran-
yanran,
"
The sun is shiningbrilliantly."

Yanrin, s. a disease in fowls,generallyaffecting their

mouth.

Yanr\n, s. sand.
Yanrin-Mimi, Yanrin-Yiyinrin, s. quicksand; {lit.
yield-
ing
sand).
Yanrin, s. name of a herb similar to cabbage.
Yanyan, adv. entirely,
completely,to atoms. "
Ogun fo
illu na yanyan, "War destroys the town tirely."
en-

Yanyan, adv. roughly,unevenly,not smoothly.

Ya-odi-yadi,v. n. to be deaf and dumb.
Yapa (ya-ipa),
v. n.io divide,be different,
turn to ther
ano-

path,err, stray.
Yara, s. trench behind a fortification.
284
 YIG

YigbI,adj.and v. n. to be dull,slow, heavy,(appliedto

hearingor believing).
YiGi, IvjGi,s. marriage,(a word adopted from the Ma-

hommedans).
YiKA (yi-ika),v. n. to make a mark of respect (suchas is

adoptedby females); surround, encompass, encircle.

Yin, v. n. to move, shake slightly ; lay eggs.

Yin, v. a. to attract attention,attract covetous desires. "

Aso na yin mi loju,"The cloth attracts my atten-

tion.

Yin, v. praise,
a. admireto; fire a gun.
YiTSifoUoived
bi/Loco (ni-ogo), v. a. glorify.
to praise,

NiBON (ni-ibon), v. a. to fire at,

. . .

shoot.

YiNBpN (yin-ibon),v. n. to fire a gun.

YiNFiN ( ofin),
v.n. " to break the law, transgress.
YiNYiN, s. hailstone.

Yio, aux. future,shall,will; defect,must.

Yi-PADA, v. a. to turn ; be converted from one thing to
another; incline towards.
Yi-po, Yi followedhy Po, v. n. to pervert, turn to the

contrary.
YiVAN, adj.and s. that which is chosen,picked out.
YiYAN, adj.fried,parched.
YivE, s. that causes a let or hindrance, failure in pointof
time.
Yivo, adj.and. s. that which is to be melted, melted.
Y6, V. n. to be be
full, satisfied with food.
Yo, adv. deeply red. " Aso na be yo, "
The cloth is deeply
red."

Yo, adv. {Haiissa)well, very good (a word of tion).

approba-

Yo, v.n. melt; slipoff; walk

to gently;go by stealth.
Yo followedby Se, Yose, v.n. to do by stealth.

Yo, v.n. be glad,be

rejoice,
to
merry; slip, glide;
slide,
be slippery,
be viscous.
286
 YO

Y9, V. a. to j)ull
out ; deliver from ; dischargefrom duty.
V. n. to slipout ; appear (as the new moon) ; draw
out (asa knife or sword from the sheath).
Yo followedby Lohun (ni-ohun),
v. a. to seek to ensnare

in conversation.
Lennu, (ni-ennu),
v. a. to harass,annoy,
vex.

SuTi,v.w. to express contempt by draw-

ing
out the lips; deride.
Yoju (y9-oju),
v.n. to show the face; be prominent or

distinguished.
Yoju-Opollo, s. Indian corn in flower.
YoN, Hon, v. a. to itch, be irritable (as any cutaneous

disorder).
Yon, adv. precipitately (describingthe noise caused

by a fall).Okuta b9 si ino ogbon yon,

" The "
stone
fell precipitately into the deep."

YoN, adv. in a swarm. ^"Qpo enia nto 9 yon, A "

"
tude
multi-
is following you in a swarm."
YoN, V. a. to cut, saw rightoff.
Y9NM9TTI, s. a kind of oilyplant.
Y9NNU (y9-ennu), v. a. to wash the mouth; v. n. to be
troublesome. " Mo bu omi yonnu li odo, " I took

(some)water and washed my mouth in the brook."

Y9NY9N, Akeri, s. plantused for washing horses.
YoRi (yo-ori),v. n. to rise high, show the head, be pro-
minent.

YoRi, s. name of a bird.

YoRO, Iyoro, s. louse found on fowls.

Y9Y9, 5. group. Adire ol9mmo y9yo, " A hen which has

"

many chickens." The milky way is called 01omm9

y9y9-
^
YuN, V. n. to
go ; be pregnant. " Emi ko yun, " I do not

go.

THE END.

287
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