STAS 6182-7 Fire Protection - Automatic Sprinkler ESFR

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6182-7
First edition
2004-04-01
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Fire protection — Automatic sprinkler
systems —
Part 7:
Requirements and test methods for early
suppression fast response (ESFR)
sprinklers
Protection contre l'incendie — Systèmes d'extinction automatiques du
type sprinkler —
Partie 7: Prescriptions et méthodes d'essai des sprinklers de type
«extinction précoce/réaction rapide»
Reference number
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2004

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ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
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ii
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ v
1 Scope...................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative reference ............................................................................................................................. 1
3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 1
4 Product consistency............................................................................................................................. 4
5 Product assembly ................................................................................................................................. 4
6 Requirements ........................................................................................................................................ 5
7 Test methods....................................................................................................................................... 11
8 Marking of sprinklers.......................................................................................................................... 35
Annex A (informative) Tolerance limit calculation method .......................................................................... 36
Annex B (normative) Tolerances .................................................................................................................... 38
Annex C (informative) Analysis of the strength test for release elements................................................. 39
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 40
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© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization iii
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 6182-7 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 21, Equipment for fire protection and fire fighting,
Subcommittee SC 5, Fixed firefighting systems using water.
ISO 6182 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire protection — Automatic sprinkler systems:
 Part 1: Requirements and test methods for sprinklers
 Part 2: Requirements and test methods for wet alarm valves, retard chambers and water motor alarms
 Part 3: Requirements and test methods for dry pipe valves
 Part 4: Requirements and test methods for quick-opening devices
 Part 5: Requirements and test methods for deluge valves

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 Part 6: Requirements and test methods for check valves
 Part 7: Requirements and test methods for early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinklers
 Part 9: Requirements and test methods for water mist nozzles
 Part 10: Requirements and test methods for domestic sprinklers
 Part 11: Requirements and test methods for pipe hangers
The following parts are under preparation:
 Part 8: Requirements and test methods for pre-action dry alarm valves
 Part 12: Requirements and test methods for grooved end pipe couplings
 Part 13: Requirements and test methods for extended coverage sprinklers
iv
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 6182 is one of a number of ISO Standards prepared by ISO/TC 21 covering requirements and
test methods for early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinklers.
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Copyright International Organization for Standardization v
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Copyright International Organization for Standardization

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Fire protection — Automatic sprinkler systems —

Part 7:
Requirements and test methods for early suppression fast
response (ESFR) sprinklers
1 Scope
This part of ISO 6182 specifies performance requirements, test methods and marking requirements for fusible
element and glass-bulb early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinklers. It is applicable to ESFR sprinklers
with flow constants of 202 ± 8.
NOTE 1 Requirements for ESFR sprinklers with flow constants other than 202 ± 8 are in preparation.
NOTE 2 All pressure data in this part of ISO 6182 are also given as gauge pressure in bar. The correct SI unit for
pressure is the pascal (Pa) (1 bar = 105N/m2 = 0,1 MPa).
2 Normative reference
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7-1:1994, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads — Part 1: Dimensions,
tolerances and designation
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 General
3.1.1
sprinkler
thermosensitive device designed to react at a predetermined temperature by automatically releasing a stream
of water and distributing it in a specified pattern and quantity over a designated area
3.1.2
conductivity factor
C
measure of the conductance between the sprinkler's heat responsive element and the fitting
NOTE The conductivity factor is expressed in units of (m/s)0,5.
1
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ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
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3.1.3
response time index
RTI
measure of sprinkler sensitivity
RTI = t u
where
t is equal to the time constant, expressed in seconds, of the heat-responsive element;
u is the gas velocity, expressed in meters per second
NOTE 1 The response time index is expressed in units of (m◊s)0,5.
NOTE 2 RTI can be used in combination with the conductivity factor (C) to predict the response of a sprinkler in fire
environments defined in terms of gas temperature and velocity versus time.
3.1.4
orientation A
orientation with the airflow perpendicular to both the waterway axis and the plane of the frame arms and with
the heat responsive element upstream of the frame arms
See Figure 1.
3.1.5
orientation B
orientation with the airflow perpendicular to both the waterway axis and the plane of the frame arms and with
the heat responsive element downstream of the frame arms
See Figure 1.
3.1.6
orientation C
·head onÒ orientation with the axis of the sprinkler inlet parallel to the airflow and the deflector perpendicular to
the airflow
See Figure 1.
a) Orientation A
Figure 1 — Orientations A, B and C
2
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
b) Orientation B
c) Orientation C
Key
1 air flow
2 tunnel test section (elevation view)
NOTE If the sprinkler has a symmetrical heat responsive element and frame, Orientation A would be the same as
Orientation B. Testing in both positions is not required.
Figure 1 (continued)
3.1.7
actual delivered density
ADD
rate at which water is deposited from an operating sprinkler onto the top horizontal surface of a simulated
burning combustible array
3.1.8
early suppression
sprinkler system performance whereby the first few sprinklers, which operate, are able to provide sufficient
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water to the fire early enough so as to reduce the fire to an acceptable level, if not extinguished
3.1.9
early suppression fast response automatic sprinkler
ESFR
thermosensitive device designed to react at a predetermined temperature by automatically releasing a stream
of water and distributing it in a specified pattern and density over a designated area so as to provide early
suppression of a fire when installed on the appropriate sprinkler piping
3.1.10
assembly load
force exerted on the sprinkler at 0 MPa (0 bar) hydraulic pressure at the inlet

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 3
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
3.1.11
design load
force exerted on the sprinkler at the service load of the sprinkler
3.1.12
service load
combined force exerted on the sprinkler body by the assembly load of the sprinkler and the equivalent force of
a 1,2 MPa (12 bar) hydraulic pressure of the inlet
3.1.13
average design strength
·axialÒ glass-bulb suppliers specified and assured lowest average design strength of any batch of 50 bulbs
3.2 Sprinklers classified according to type of heat responsive element
3.2.1
fusible element sprinkler
sprinkler that opens under the influence of heat by the melting of a component
3.2.2
glass-bulb sprinkler
sprinkler that opens under the influence of heat by the bursting of the glass bulb caused by the increased
pressure resulting from expansion of the fluid enclosed therein
3.3 Sprinklers classified according to position
3.3.1
pendent sprinkler
P
sprinkler that is arranged in such a way that the water stream is directed downwards against the distribution
plate
3.3.2
upright sprinkler
U
sprinkler that is arranged in such a way that the water stream is directed upwards against the distribution plate
4 Product consistency
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It shall be the responsibility of the manufacturer to implement a quality control programme to ensure that
production continuously meets the requirements of this part of ISO 6182 in the same manner as the originally
tested samples.
Every manufactured sprinkler shall pass a leak resistance test equivalent to a hydrostatic pressure of at least
3,4 MPa (34 bar) for at least 2 s.
5 Product assembly
All sprinklers shall be designed and manufactured in such a way that they cannot be readily adjusted,
dismantled or reassembled.
4
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
6 Requirements
6.1 Dimensions
6.1.1 Sprinklers shall have a nominal thread size of R 3/4.
6.1.2 Nominal thread sizes shall be suitable for fittings threaded in accordance with ISO 7-1.
The dimensions of all threaded connections should conform to International Standards where applied.
National standards may be used if International Standards are not applicable.
6.1.3 All sprinklers shall be constructed so that a sphere of diameter 8 mm can pass through each water
passage in the sprinkler.
6.2 Nominal operating temperatures (see 7.7)
The nominal operating temperature of ESFR sprinklers shall be as indicated in Table 1.
The nominal operating temperatures of all sprinklers shall be specified in advance by the manufacturer and
verified in accordance with 6.3. They shall be determined as a result of the operating temperature test (see
7.7.1). Nominal operating temperatures shall be within the ranges specified in Table 1.
The nominal operating temperature that is to be marked on the sprinkler shall be that determined when the
sprinkler is tested in accordance with 7.7.1, taking into account the specifications of 6.3.
Table 1 — Nominal operating temperature and colour coding

Values in degrees Celsius
Glass-bulb sprinklers Fusible element sprinklers

Nominal operating Liquid colour code Nominal operating Yoke arm colour code
temperature temperature
68 to 74 red 68 to 74 uncoloured
93 to 104 green 93 to 104 white
6.3 Operating temperatures (see 7.7.1)
Sprinklers shall open within a temperature range of
T ± (0,035 T + 0,62)
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(1)
where T is the nominal operating temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius.
6.4 Water flow and distribution
6.4.1 Flow constant (see 7.11)
The flow constant, K, for sprinklers is given by the formula

qV
K= (2)
p
where
p is the pressure, expressed in bars;
qV is the flow rate, expressed in litres per minute (l/min).

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
The flow constant for ESFR sprinklers shall have values of 202 ± 8 when determined by the test method of
7.11. All values tested shall be within the acceptable range and the standard deviation divided by the average
value of the flow constant shall be less than 2 %.
6.4.2 Water distribution (see 7.12)
6.4.2.1 To demonstrate the required coverage of the protected area allotted to it, the sprinkler shall be
subjected to the tests specified in 7.12.
6.4.2.2 Ten collection pans, as specified in 7.12.1, shall be utilized on a rotating table to measure the
distribution from a single sprinkler. All pan collection rate values shall be recorded. The tenth pan shall have a
collection rate not exceeding 0,80 mm/min.
6.4.2.3 Three samples, or sets of samples, shall be tested to the requirements of Table 2 in accordance
with 7.12.2.
Table 2 — Sprinkler water distribution measurements

Number Sprinkler Pipe Ceiling Pressure a, b Minimum Minimum Minimum Minimum Minimum
of spacing spacing clearance 16-pan flue 20-pan non-flue single
sprinklers to water- average space average 10-pan non-flue
under the collection densityc (4 pans) densityc average pan
water- pans averagec densityc,d densityc
collection
system
m m m MPa mm/min mm/min mm/min mm/min mm/min
(bar)
1 0 0 3,04 0,34 21,22 40,80 NR NR NR
(3,4)
1 0 0 4,42 0,34 19,58 36,31 NR NR NR
(3,4)
1 0 0 4,42 0,51 NR 69,36 37,13 20,40 10,61
(5,1)
2 3,04 0 1,27 0,34 24,48 NR NR NR NR
(3,4)
2 3,04 0 3,04 0,34 22,03 NR NR NR NR
(3,4)
2 0 3,04 1,27 0,34 23,66 NR NR NR NR
(3,4)
2 0 3,04 3,04 0,34 23,26 NR NR NR NR
(3,4)
2 3,66 0 1,27 0,34 17,95 NR NR NR NR
(3,4)
2 0 3,66 1,27 0,34 18,36 NR NR NR NR
(3,4)
2 3,04 0 1,27 0,51 NR NR 31,42 24,48 8,16
(5,1)
2 0 3,04 1,27 0,51 NR NR 31,42 24,48 8,16
(5,1)
4 3,04 3,04 1,27 0,34 27,74 NR NR NR NR
(3,4)
4 3,04 3,04 3,04 0,34 35,09 NR NR NR NR
(3,4)
4 2,44 3,6 1,27 0,34 26,93 NR NR NR NR
(3,4)
4 3,04 3,04 1,27 0,51 NR NR 28,97 24,48 15,10
(5,1)
a All 0,34 MPa (3,4 bar) tests are performed on a system fed from both directions (double feed).
b All 0,51 MPa (5,1 bar) tests are performed on a system fed from one direction (single feed), except for the two-sprinklers, single-pipe tests which are
performed on a double-feed system.
c NR = No requirement (see Figures 8 to 13).
d Average of the ten non-flue pans with the lowest water collection.
6
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ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
6.5 Ability to function (see 7.6)
6.5.1 When tested in accordance with 7.6.1, all operating parts shall clear the sprinkler within 10 s or shall
comply with the requirements of 6.4.2.
6.5.2 The deflector and its supporting parts shall not sustain significant damage as a result of the deflector
strength test specified in 7.6.2 and shall meet the requirements of 6.4.2.
NOTE In most instances, visual examination of the sprinkler is sufficient to establish conformity with the requirements
of 6.5.1 and 6.5.2.
6.6 Strength of sprinkler body (see 7.4)
The sprinkler body shall not show permanent elongation of more than 0,2 % between the load-bearing points
of the sprinkler body after being subjected to twice the average service load as measured in 7.4.
6.7 Strength of release element (see 7.10)
6.7.1 When tested in accordance with 7.10.1, the elements of glass bulbs shall
a) have an average design strength of at least six times the average service load, and
b) have a design strength lower tolerance limit (LTL) on the strength distribution curve of at least two times
the upper tolerance limit (UTL) of the service load distribution curve based on calculations with a degree
of confidence (y) of 0,99 for 99 % of samples (n).
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Calculations will be based on a normal or Gaussian distribution, except where other distributions can be
shown to be more applicable due to manufacturing of designing factors. See Figure 2 and Annex A.
Key
1 average service load 4 LTL
2 service load curve 5 average design strength
3 UTL 6 design strength curve
Figure 2 — Strength curve

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ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
6.7.2 Fusible heat-responsive elements shall sustain the design load when tested in accordance with
7.10.2.
6.8 Leak resistance and hydrostatic strength (see 7.5)
6.8.1 A sprinkler shall not show any sign of leakage when tested by the method specified in 7.5.1.
6.8.2 A sprinkler shall not rupture, operate, or release any parts when tested by the method specified in
7.5.2.
6.9 Heat exposure (see 7.8)
6.9.1 Glass-bulb type ESFR sprinklers
There shall be no damage to the elements of the glass bulb when the sprinkler is tested by the method
specified in 7.8.1.
6.9.2 All ESFR sprinklers
ESFR sprinklers shall withstand exposure to increased ambient temperature without evidence of weakness or
failure when tested by the method specified in 7.8.2.
6.10 Thermal shock (see 7.9)
Glass-bulb type ESFR sprinklers shall not be damaged when tested by the method specified in 7.9.
6.11 Corrosion
6.11.1 Stress corrosion (see 7.13.1)
When tested in accordance with 7.13.1, each sprinkler shall show no cracks, delaminations, or failures which
can possibly affect its ability to satisfy other requirements. Following exposure, half the sprinkler samples shall
be tested to requirements of 6.8.1. The remaining samples shall have an RTI of (28 ± 8) (m◊s)0,5 when tested
in accordance with 7.7.2.2.
6.11.2 Moist sulfur-dioxide/carbon-dioxide corrosion (see 7.13.2)
ESFR sprinklers shall be resistant to sulfur-dioxide/carbon-dioxide saturated with water vapour when
conditioned in accordance with 7.13.2. Following exposure, the sprinklers shall meet the requirements of 6.8.1
at 1,20 MPa (12,0 bar). Half the samples shall meet the requirements of 6.3 and the remaining samples shall
have an RTI of (28 ± 8) (m◊s)0,5 when tested in accordance with 7.7.2.2.
6.11.3 Moist hydrogen-sulfide corrosion (see 7.13.3)
ESFR sprinklers shall be resistant to hydrogen sulfide saturated with water vapour when conditioned in
accordance with 7.13.3. Following exposure, the sprinklers shall meet the requirements of 6.8.1 at 1,20 MPa
(12,0 bar). Half the samples shall meet the requirements of 6.3 and the remaining samples shall have an RTI
of (28 ± 8) (m◊s)0,5 when tested in accordance with 7.7.2.2.
6.11.4 Salt-spray corrosion (see 7.13.4)
ESFR sprinklers shall be resistant to salt spray when conditioned in accordance with 7.13.4. Following
exposure, the sprinklers shall be tested at 1,20 MPa (12,0 bar) in accordance with 6.8.1 and have an RTI of
(28 ± 8) (m◊s)0,5 when tested in accordance with 7.7.2.2.
8
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
6.11.5 Moist-air exposure (see 7.13.5)
Sprinklers shall be resistant to moist-air exposure when tested in accordance with 7.13.5. Following exposure,
the sprinklers shall operate as intended when tested in accordance with 7.6.2.
6.12 Water hammer (see 7.15)
Sprinklers shall not leak when subjected to pressure surges from 0,4 MPa to 3,4 MPa (4 bar to 34 bar). They
shall show no signs of mechanical damage when tested in accordance with 7.15. Following the water-hammer
test, the samples shall not leak when tested in accordance with 7.5.1 and shall operate as intended when
tested in accordance with 7.6.2.
6.13 Dynamic heating (see 7.7.2)
6.13.1 See also the references in the Bibliography.
6.13.2 ESFR sprinklers shall meet the RTI limits of (28 ± 8) (m◊s)0,5 when tested in orientations A and B as
described in 7.7.2. The RTI value shall not exceed 138 % of the original value when tested in orientation C as
described in 7.7.2. The conductivity factor, C, is not required for this calculation in this part of ISO 6182.
6.13.3 The conductivity factor (C) shall not exceed 1,0 (m/s)0,5 when determined using the prolonged plunge
test (see 7.7.3.2) or the prolonged exposure ramp test (see 7.7.3.3).
6.14 Resistance to heat (see 7.14)
Open sprinklers shall be resistant to high temperatures when tested in accordance with 7.14. After exposure,
the sprinkler shall not show visual deformation or fracture.
6.15 Resistance to vibration (see 7.16)
Sprinklers shall be able to withstand the effects of vibration without deterioration when tested in accordance
with 7.16. After the vibration test of 7.16, sprinklers shall show no visible deterioration and shall meet the
requirements of 6.8.1 and shall have an RTI of (28 ± 8) (m◊s)0,5 when tested in accordance with 7.7.2.2.
6.16 Resistance to impact (see 7.17)
ESFR sprinklers shall have adequate strength to withstand impacts associated with handling, transport and
installation without deterioration of performance or reliability. These sprinklers shall show no fracture or
deformation, shall meet the leak resistance requirement of 6.8.1 and the dynamic heating test requirement of
6.13.3 after the impact test of 7.17.1. If the sprinkler is deformed during testing, water distribution testing
(6.4.2) shall be required.
6.17 Lateral discharge (see 7.18)
When tested in accordance with 7.18, there shall be no direct impingement or dripping of water from the
target.
6.18 Thirty-day leakage resistance (see 7.19)
When tested in accordance with 7.19 sprinklers shall not leak, sustain distortion, or suffer any other
mechanical damage when subjected to 2 MPa (20 bar) water pressure for 30 d.
6.19 Vacuum resistance (see 7.20)
Sprinklers shall not exhibit distortion or mechanical damage and shall meet the leakage requirements of 6.8.1
after being subjected to the test in 7.20.
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ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
6.20 Resistance to low temperatures (see 7.21)
Sprinklers shall be resistant to low temperatures when tested in accordance with 7.21. After exposure, the
sprinkler shall either be visibly damaged, leak subsequent to thawing, or not be damaged. Sprinklers not
visibly damaged shall be subjected to the requirements of 6.8 and shall have an RTI of (28 ± 8) (m◊s)0,5 when
tested in accordance with 7.7.2.2.
6.21 Actual delivered density (see 7.22)
ESFR sprinklers shall meet the minimum average densities shown in Table 3 when measured in accordance
with 7.22.
Table 3 — ADD measurements
Number of Sprinkler Pipe Ceiling Freeburn Pressure Direction Minimum Minimum

sprinklers spacing spacing clearance convective of feed 16-pan flue space
under the to water- heat release flow average (4 pans)
ADD collection ADD average a
apparatus pans MPa
m m m kW (bar) mm/min mm/min
0,34
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1 0 0 4,57 1 318 Double 19,18 60,38

(3,4)
0,34
1 0 0 4,57 2 636 Double 9,79 20,40
(3,4)
0,34
2 3,66 0 1,22 2 636 Single 11,83 NR
(3,4)
0,34
2 0 3,66 1,22 2 636 Double 14,28 NR
(3,4)
0,34
4 2,44 3,66 1,22 2 636 Double 26,11 NR
(3,4)
a NR = No requirement.
6.22 Thrust force measurements (see 7.23)
ESFR sprinklers shall meet the minimum thrust force requirements shown in Table 4 when tested in
accordance with 7.23.
Table 4 — Thrust
Pressure Direction of feed flow Ceiling clearance Minimum required thrust

to thrust plate
MPa m Pa
(bar) (mbar)
0,34 0,71
Double 1,2
(3,4) (0,71)
0,34 0,44
Double 2,1
(3,4) (0,44)
0,51 0,99
Single 2,1
(5,1) (0,99)
10
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
6.23 Reaction force test (see 7.24)
ESFR sprinklers shall meet the minimum reaction force requirements shown in Table 5 when tested in
accordance with 7.24.
Table 5 — Reaction force

Pressure Minimum required reaction forcea
MPa N
(bar)
0,34
57
(3,4)
0,51
85
(5,1)
a This is 35 % of the maximum force of a K 202 nozzle 476 N/MPa ¥ 0,35 = 167 N/MPa (47,6 N/bar ¥ 0,35 = 16,7 N/bar).
7 Test methods
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7.1 General conditions
Carry out the following tests for each type of sprinkler. Before testing, precise drawings of parts and the
assembly shall be submitted together with the appropriate specifications (using SI units). Carry out tests at a
room temperature of (20 ± 5) °C, unless other temperatures are indicated. Test sprinklers with all the
components required by their design and installation. A suggested test programme is illustrated in Figure 3 for
guidance.
7.2 Preliminary examination
Examine the construction to ensure that it complies with the requirements of Clause 4 and Clause 5.
7.3 Visual examination
Before testing, examine the sprinklers visually with respect to the following points:
a) marking,
b) conformity of the sprinklers with the manufacturer's drawings and specifications, and
c) obvious defects.
7.4 Body strength test (see 6.6)
7.4.1 Measure the service load for 15 sprinklers by securely installing each sprinkler, at room temperature,
in a tensile/compression test machine and applying an equivalent of a hydraulic pressure of 1,2 MPa (12 bar)
at the inlet.
Use an indicator capable of reading deflection to an accuracy of 0,01 mm to measure any change in length of
the sprinkler between its load bearing points. Movement of the sprinkler shank thread in the threaded bushing
of the test machine shall be avoided or taken into account.
Release hydraulic pressure, or equivalent force, and remove the heat responsive element of the sprinkler by a
suitable method. When the sprinkler is at room temperature, make a second measurement using the indicator.
Apply an increasing mechanical load to the sprinkler, at a rate not exceeding 500 N/min, until the indicator
reading at the deflector end of the sprinkler returns to the initial value achieved as assembled and under
hydrostatic, or equivalent, load. The mechanical load necessary to achieve this shall be recorded as the
service load. Calculate the average service load. See Annex C.

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Key
○ number of sprinklers required
test programme number
Test programme
1 Preliminary examination (7.2)
2 Visual examination (7.3)
3 Body strength (7.4)
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4 Leak resistance and hydrostatic strength (7.5)
5 Lodgement (7.6.1)
6 Exposure verification of ability-to-function (7.6.2)
7 Deflector strength (7.6.2)
8 Operating temperature (7.7)
9 Plunge (7.7.2.1)
10 Exposure verification plunge (7.7.2.2)
11 Determination of conductivity factor (7.7.3)
12 Heat exposure for glass-bulb type (7.8.1)
13 Heat exposure (7.8.2)
14 Thermal shock, bulb type only (7.9)
15 Strength of bulb-type heat release element (7.10.1)
16 Strength of fusible type heat release element (7.10.2)
17 Water flow (7.11)
18 Single sprinkler distribution (7.12.1)
19 Multiple sprinkler distribution (7.12.2)
20 Stress corrosion test with aqueous ammonia solution (7.13.1)
21 Moist sulfur-dioxide/carbon-dioxide corrosion (7.13.2)
22 Moist hydrogen sulfide corrosion (7.13.3)
23 Salt spray corrosion (7.13.4)
24 Moist air exposure (7.13.5)
25 Heat resistance (7.14)
26 Water hammer (7.15)
27 Vibration (7.16)
28 Impact (7.17.1)
29 Tumble (7.17.2)
30 Lateral discharge (7.18)
31 Thirty-day leakage (7.19)
32 Vacuum (7.20)
33 Freezing (7.21)
34 ADD (7.22)
35 Thrust force (7.23)
36 Reaction force (7.24)
Unless otherwise stated, the tolerances given in Annex B shall apply.

a Number of samples for each temperature rating
b Glass bulb with seating parts only
c Fusible elements only
Figure 3 — Test programme for ESFR sprinklers
12
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
7.4.2 Increase the applied load progressively at a rate not exceeding 500 N/min on each of the ten
specimens until twice the average service load has been applied. Maintain this load for (15 ± 5) s.
Remove the load and compare the permanent elongation with the requirement of 6.6 and compare it to the
strength of element determined in 7.10.
7.5 Leak resistance and hydrostatic strength test (see 6.8)
7.5.1 Subject 20 sprinklers to a water pressure of 3,4 MPa (34 bar). Increase the pressure from 0 MPa to
3,4 MPa (0 bar to 34 bar) at a rate of (0,1 ± 0,025) MPa/s [(1 ± 0,25) bar/s]. Maintain the pressure at 3,4 MPa
(34 bar) for a period of 3 min and then allow it to fall to 0 MPa (0 bar). After the pressure has dropped to
0 MPa (0 bar), increase it to 0,05 MPa (0,5 bar) in not more than 5 s. Maintain this pressure for 15 s and then
increase it to 1 MPa (10 bar) at a rate of increase of (0,1 ± 0,025) MPa/s [(1 ± 0,25) bar/s] and maintain it for
15 s.
7.5.2 Following the test of 7.5.1, subject 20 sprinklers to a water pressure of 4,8 MPa (48 bar). Fill the
sprinkler inlet with water at (20 ± 5) °C and vent any air. Increase the pressure to 4,8 MPa (48 bar) at a rate of
(0,1 ± 0,025) MPa/s [(1 ± 0,25) bar/s]. Maintain the pressure at 4,8 MPa (48 bar) for 1 min.
7.6 Lodgement, ability-to-function and deflector strength test (see 6.5.1)
7.6.1 Lodgement test
Heat the sprinklers using a suitable heat source. Continue heating until the sprinkler operates. Test
10 sprinklers in their normal mounting position at each of the following inlet pressures.
0,03 MPa (0,35 bar)
0,17 MPa (1,70 bar)
0,34 MPa (3,40 bar)
0,51 MPa (5,10 bar)
0,68 MPa (6,80 bar)
0,85 MPa (8,50 bar)
1,02 MPa (10,2 bar)
1,20 MPa (12,0 bar)
When installed on appropriate pipe and fitting, the flowing pressure shall be at least 75 % of the initial
operating pressure as measured within 0,5 m upstream of the sprinkler. A typical piping configuration is shown
in Figure 4.
7.6.2 Deflector strength test
In order to check the strength of the deflector (6.5.2), subject three sprinklers to the ability-to-function test in
the normal mounting position at a pressure of 1,4 MPa (14 bar). Allow the water to flow at a running pressure
of 1,4 MPa (14 bar) for a period of 30 min.
13
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 typical assembly 6 union (50)
2 elbow (32 × 20) 7 gauge tee (50)
3 full port ball valve 8 long steel pipe (50 × 150)
4 pipe (∅ 32) 9 long steel pipe (32 × 300)
5 reducer (32 × 50) 10 supply pipe
All dimensions shown are nominal pipe diameters.
The discharge coefficient of test apparatus shall exceed 170 when discharging through an orifice with nominal
K of 202.
Figure 4 — Lodgement test apparatus
7.7 Operating temperature test (see 6.3)
7.7.1 Test of static operation
Heat 50 glass-bulb sprinklers or 10 fusible element sprinklers from a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C to a

temperature of ( 20 +20 ) °C below their nominal operating temperature at a rate not exceeding 20 °C/min.
Maintain this temperature for 10 min. Then increase the temperature at a rate of (0,5 ± 0,1) °C/min until the
sprinkler operates.
Determine the nominal operating temperature using equipment capable of measuring to within ± 0,25 % of the
nominal temperature rating.
Carry out the test in a liquid bath. Test sprinklers having nominal operating temperatures less than or equal to
80 °C in a bath containing demineralized water. Test sprinklers with higher rated elements in a bath containing
glycerine, vegetable oil or synthetic oil.
Position the sprinklers in the liquid bath in a vertical position and so as to immerse totally and cover the
sprinklers with the liquid to a depth of ( 5 +30 ) mm. Locate the measurement zone at a distance, below the liquid
surface, level with the geometric centre of the glass-bulb or fusible elements.
The measurement zone shall be at, if possible, but no less than, (40 ± 5) mm below the liquid surface level.
The temperature deviation within the measurement zone shall be within ± 0,25 °C.
Any rupture of a glass bulb within the prescribed temperature rate constitutes an operation. If partial fracture
of the glass bulb does not result in sprinkler operation, perform an additional ability-to-function test (see 6.5.1).
Figure 5 gives an example of a standardized liquid bath. Use a laboratory temperature-measuring device,
calibrated to a depth of 40 mm immersion, to determine temperatures of liquids in the bath tests as well as
operation temperature. Hold the temperature-sensing element level with the sprinkler operating parts using a
support member. To control the temperature in the thermal bath a PT-100 DIN EN 60751 can be used.
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
14
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
(Dimensions in inches)
Key
1 speed agitator (150 r/min)
2 thermometer calibrated for 40 mm (1,6 in) immersion and PT-100
3 liquid level
4 ring to support 10 sprinklers (3/4 in) or 15 sprinklers (1/2 in)
5 double wing [100 mm × 20 mm (3,9 in × 0,8 in)]
6 mesh screen
7 standard glass vessel
8 desiccator ∅250 (10 in), liquid volume about 7 l
9 immersion heater
Figure 5 — Liquid bath
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
7.7.2 Dynamic heating test (see 6.13.2)
7.7.2.1 Plunge test
Subject 12 sprinklers in each nominal temperature rating to the plunge test in orientations A, B and C in
accordance with 7.7.2.3. Calculate the RTI as described in 7.7.2.4 for each orientation.
7.7.2.2 Exposure verification for plunge test
Subject the sprinklers to the plunge test in orientation A or B, whichever produces the higher RTI value when
tested in accordance with 7.7.2.3.
7.7.2.3 Test conditions
Conduct the plunge tests using a brass sprinkler mount. Apply 1 wrap to 1,5 wraps of PTFE sealant tape to
the sprinkler threads of the sprinkler under test. Screw the sprinkler into a mount to a torque of (15 ± 3) N◊m.
Mount each sprinkler on a tunnel test section cover and maintain the sprinkler and its cover in a conditioning
chamber for a period of no less than 30 min so as to reach ambient temperature.
Test all sprinklers with the inlet end of each sample connected to a source of air pressure at
(0,034 ± 0,005) MPa [(0,34 ± 0,05) bar].
A timer accurate to ± 0,01 s with suitable measuring devices to sense the time between when the sprinkler is
plunged into the tunnel and the time it operates shall be utilized to obtain the response time.
Use a tunnel with air velocity and temperature conditions at the test section (sprinkler location) selected from
the appropriate range of conditions shown in Table 6. Select the tunnel conditions so as to limit maximum
anticipated equipment error to 3 % (see reference [2] in the Bibliography).
To minimize radiation exchange between the sensing element and the boundaries confining the flow, the test
section of the apparatus shall be designed to limit radiation effects to within ± 3 % of calculated RTI values. A
suggested method for determining radiation effects is by conducting comparative plunge tests on a blackened
(high emissivity) metallic test specimen and a polished (low emissivity) metallic test specimen.
Table 6 specifies the range of permissible tunnel operating conditions. Maintain the selected operating
conditions for the duration of the test with the tolerances as specified by the footnotes in Table 6.
Table 6 — Range of plunge test conditions at test section (sprinkler location)
Nominal operating Air temperature a Air velocity b

temperatures
Early suppression fast Early suppression fast
response sprinklers response sprinklers
°C
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
°C m/s
68 to 74 197 2,56
93 to 104 197 2,56
a The selected air temperature shall be known and maintained constant within the test
section throughout the test to an accuracy of ± 2 °C for the air temperature.
b The selected air velocity shall be known and maintained constant throughout the test
to an accuracy of ± 0,03 m/s.
16
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
7.7.2.4 Calculation of RTI value
Determine the RTI value using equation (3):
-tr u
RTI = (3)
(
ln 1 - DTea / DTg )
where
tr is the response time, expressed in seconds, of the sprinkler;
u is the actual air velocity, expressed in metres per second (m/s), in the test section of the tunnel
taken from Table 6;
∆Tea is the temperature difference, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C), between the mean liquid-bath
operating temperature of the sprinkler and the ambient temperature;
∆Tg is the temperature difference, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C), between the actual air
temperature in the test section, corrected for radiation effects on the temperature sensing device,
and the ambient temperature.
7.7.3 Determination of conductivity factor (C)
7.7.3.1 General
Determine the conductivity factor (C) using the prolonged plunge test (see 7.7.3.2) or the prolonged exposure
ramp test (see 7.7.3.3).
7.7.3.2 Prolonged plunge test
The prolonged plunge test is an iterative process to determine C and may require up to 20 sprinkler samples.
Use a new sprinkler sample for each test in this clause even if the test sample does not operate during the
prolonged plunge test.
Determine the conductivity factor for sprinklers of each nominal temperature rating in either the “A” or “B”
orientation, whichever produces the larger RTI value in 6.13.2.
Apply 1 wrap to 1,5 wraps of PTFE sealant tape to the sprinkler threads of the sprinkler under test. Screw the
sprinkler into a mount to a torque of (15 ± 3) N◊m. Mount each sprinkler on a tunnel test section cover and
maintain the sprinkler and its cover in a conditioning chamber for a period of no less than 30 min so as to
reach ambient temperature.
Introduce at least 25 ml of water, conditioned to ambient temperature, into the sprinkler inlet prior to testing.
Test all sprinklers with the inlet end of each sample connected to a source of pressure at 0,05 MPa (0,5 bar).
Using a timer accurate to ± 0,01 s, measure the response time of the sprinkler, i.e. the time it takes the
sprinkler to begin operating from the time it is first plunged into the tunnel.
Maintain the mount temperature at (20 ± 0,5) °C for the duration of each test. Maintain the air velocity in the
tunnel test section at the sprinkler location with ± 2 % of the selected velocity. Select the appropriate air
temperature as specified in Table 7 and maintain this temperature during the entire test.
Table 7 specifies the range of permissible tunnel operating conditions. Maintain the selected operating
conditions for the duration of the test keeping within the tolerances also specified in Table 7.
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
To determine C, immerse the sprinkler in the test stream at various air velocities for a maximum of 15 min.
Choose the velocity so as to keep the actuation between two successive test velocities. Establish the lower
velocity (uL) so as to ensure the sprinkler does not actuate within the 15 min test interval but that it does
actuate at the next higher velocity (uH), within the 15 min time limit. If the sprinkler does not operate at the
highest velocity, select an air temperature from Table 7 for the next higher temperature rating.
Table 7 — Range of test conditions for conductivity factor (C)

determination at testsection (sprinkler location)
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Nominal operating Air temperature Maximum variation of air

temperature temperature during test from
selected temperatures
°C °C °C
58 to 77 124 to 130 ± 1,0

78 to 107 193 to 201 ± 3,0
Select the test velocity so as to ensure that
uH
u 1,1 (4)
uL
Calculate the value of the test conductivity factor, C, which is equal to the average of the values calculated at
each of the two velocities using the following equation:
C = ∆Tg / ∆Tea - 1 u 0,5 ( ) (5)
where
∆Tg is the temperature difference, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C), between the actual gas (air)
temperature and the mount temperature (Tm);
∆Tea is the temperature difference, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C), between the mean liquid-bath
operating temperature and the mount temperature (Tm);
u is the actual air velocity, expressed in metres per second (m/s).
Determine the value of the sprinkler conductivity factor, C, by repeating the bracketing procedure three times
and calculating the numerical average of the three C values.
7.7.3.3 Prolonged exposure ramp test
Carry out the prolonged exposure ramp test for the determination of the conductivity factor in the test section
of a wind tunnel according to the temperature requirements given for the sprinkler mount as described for the
dynamic heating test. It is not necessary to precondition the sprinklers.
Test 10 sprinklers of each nominal temperature rating. Position all sprinklers in either the “A” or “B” orientation,
whichever produces the larger value of RTI in 6.13.2. Plunge the sprinklers in an air stream of a constant
velocity of (1 ± 0,1) m/s and an air temperature at the nominal operating temperature of the sprinkler at the
beginning of the test.
Increase the air temperature at a rate of (1 ± 0,25) °C/min until the sprinkler begins to operate. Control the air
temperature, velocity and mount temperature from the initial rate of increase and measure and record them at
sprinkler operation.
18
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Determine the C value as the average of the 10 test values using Equation (5).
7.8 Heat exposure test (see 6.9)
7.8.1 Glass-bulb sprinklers (see 6.9.1)
Heat four glass-bulb sprinklers whose nominal release temperatures are less than or equal to 80 °C in a
demineralized water bath from a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C to a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C below their
nominal operating temperatures. Ensure the rate of temperature increase does not exceed 20 °C/min. Use
glycerine, vegetable oil, or synthetic oil for higher rated release elements.
Increase the temperature at a rate of 1 °C/min to the temperature at which the gas bubble dissolves, or to a
temperature 5 °C lower than the lower limit of the tolerance range of the operating temperature, whichever is
lower. Remove the sprinkler from the liquid bath and allow it to cool in air until the gas bubble has formed
again. During the cooling period, make sure the pointed end of the glass bulb (seal end) is pointed
downwards. Perform the test four times on each of four sprinklers.
7.8.2 All ESFR sprinklers (see 6.9.2)
Expose 10 sprinklers for a period of 90 d to a high ambient temperature as shown in Table 8. After exposure,
subject all of the sprinklers to the requirements of 6.8.1, five sprinklers to the requirements of 6.13.3, and five
to the requirements of 6.3.
Table 8 — Test temperatures for ESFR sprinklers
Nominal operating Sprinkler test

temperature temperature
68 °C to 74 °C 52 °C
93 °C to 104 °C 79 °C
7.9 Thermal shock test for glass-bulb sprinklers (see 6.10)
Before starting the test, condition at least five sprinklers at (20 ± 5) °C for at least 30 min.
Test sprinklers whose nominal operating temperatures are less than or equal to 80 °C in a bath of
demineralized water. Test sprinklers having higher rated elements in a bath of glycerine, vegetable oil or
synthetic oil. Maintain the temperature of the bath at (10 ± 0,5) °C below the lower limit of the tolerance range
of the operating temperature of the sprinklers. After 5 min, remove the sprinklers from the bath and immerse
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
them immediately in another bath of liquid (demineralized water), keeping the bulb seal pointed downwards, at
a temperature of (10 ± 0,5) °C. Then test the sprinklers in accordance with 6.5.1.
7.10 Strength test for release elements (see 6.7)
7.10.1 Position at least 55 glass bulbs of the same design of each bulb type individually in a test fixture using
the sprinkler seating parts. Subject each bulb to a uniform increasing force at a rate of (250 ± 25) N/s in the
test machine until the glass bulb fails.
Conduct each test with bulbs mounted in new seating parts. The seating parts may be reinforced externally or
can be manufactured from hardened steel (Rockwell Hardness C44 ± 6) in accordance with the specifications
of the sprinkler manufacturer to prevent collapse, but in a manner which does not interfere with bulb failure.
Record the crush force for each bulb.
Using the lowest 50 measured bulb strength results, calculate the average strength and the lower tolerance
limit (LTL) for bulb strength (see Annex A). Using the values of service load recorded in 7.4.1, calculate the

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
upper tolerance limit (UTL) for the sprinkler release element service load (see Annex A). Verify compliance
with 6.7.1.
7.10.2 For fusible elements, determine compliance with the requirements of 6.7.2 by subjecting fusible
heat-responsive elements to loads in excess of the maximum design load Fd, which will produce failure within
and after 1 000 h (see Annex C). Subject at least 10 samples to different loads up to 15 times the maximum
design load. Plot a full logarithmic regression curve (time-to-link failure as a function of load) using the method
of least squares, and from this calculate the load at 1 h, F1h, and the load at 1 000 h, F1000h, where
2
1,02 F1000h
Fd u (6)
F1h
where F1h is the load at 1 h.
Conduct these tests at an ambient temperature of (20 ± 3) °C.
7.11 Water flow test (see 6.4.1)
Mount the sprinkler with a pressure gauge on a supply pipe as shown in Figure 6. Test four sprinklers
individually. The frame arms and deflector may be removed to facilitate testing. Insert each sprinkler into the
test fixture and hand-tighten them. Then further tighten them one half turn. Measure the water flow at
pressures from 0,1 MPa to 1 MPa (1 bar to 10 bar) in 0,1-MPa (1-bar) increments.
In one series of tests, increase the pressure and in the other series, decrease the pressure. Calculate the flow
constant for each flowing pressure and average the flow constant for each series of readings. Each calculated
flow constant and the average flow constant for each series shall be within the limits specified in 6.4.1. During
the test, correct the pressure for differences in height between the gauge and the outlet orifice of the sprinkler.
7.12 Water distribution tests (see 6.4.2)
7.12.1 Single sprinkler distribution (see 6.4.2.2)
Place 10 collection pans, measuring (300 ± 5) mm ¥ (300 ± 5) mm, in line on a table which rotates at 1 r/min
to 4 r/min as shown in Figure 7. Collect water discharged at a sprinkler discharge pressure of 0,34 MPa
(3,4 bar) measured using a calibrated gauge located at the end of the sprinkler piping opposite the supply end
and at a distance of at least 1,5 m from the sprinkler. The purpose of this test is to provide a simple measure
of the performance of a sprinkler for use in future re-examinations by the testing laboratory.
Test duration shall be 3 min.
Install the sprinkler on an appropriately sized side outlet of a standard mass threaded “tee” with run ends
connected to 50 mm steel piping. The minimum distance from the “tee” fitting to the supply connection shall be
1,5 m.
Record all pan collection values.
Repeat the tests again at pressures of 0,7 MPa (7,0 bar), 1 MPa (10,0 bar) and 1,2 MPa (12,0 bar) and record
the water collected in the tenth pan only.
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
20
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Key
1 water source inlet
2 pipe
3 gauge
4 piezometer ring
5 flexible coupling (typical)
6 sprinkler butt
7 grooved end cap
8 valve for air relief
9 inlet of tapped hole with generous radius
10 flat surface of end cap
11 appropriate tapped hole
a Full range: 0 MPa to 1,4 MPa (0 bar to 14 bar)
Accuracy: 0,007 MPa subdivisions (0,07 bar subdivisions)
Figure 6 — Water-flow test apparatus

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Key
1 ceiling (3 m × 3 m minimum)
2 test sprinkler
3 deep pans (300 × 300 × 300)
4 wheels
5 pivot
Table rotates at 1 r/min to 4 r/min.

a Deflector to “ceiling” clearance is equal to 178 mm for both upright and pendent sprinkler designs.
Figure 7 — Water-distribution-collection apparatus (rotating table)
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
22
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
7.12.2 Multiple sprinkler distribution (see 6.4.2.3)
Test three samples, or sets of samples, to the requirements given in Table 2. Operate all samples by applying
a heat source to remove the heat-sensitive element. The sprinkler test area shall be designed as shown in
Figures 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Construct the water-collection apparatus in accordance with the specifications
given in Figure 13. Locate the test apparatus in a room of sufficient volume so as to minimize the entrainment
of additional water spray. Prevent any drafts or other air movement from entering, or leaving, the test area.
Cover the water-collection system, Figure 13, until the required pressure has been obtained. At that time,
quickly remove the cover in such a manner as to not cause water collected on top of the cover to be deposited
into the collection pans. Conduct this test for a period of 5 min. At the conclusion of the test, immediately place
the cover over the collection pans to prevent any further water from being collected in the pans.
Dimensions in metres
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Key
1 suspended ceiling
Figure 8 — Minimum dimensions of the water-distribution-collection apparatus

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Key
___ Indicates piping located below the ceiling (see Figures 10 and 11)
1 pipe [∅ 100 nom. (mm)]
2 water flow
3 pipe [∅ 75 nom. (mm)]
4 sprinkler pipe (∅ 50 mm) --```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5 manifold under ceiling (50 mm)
Figure 9 — Overhead piping configuration for water-distribution-collection apparatus
24
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Key
1 pipe manifold
sprinkler location — single sprinkler test
2 pipe [∅ 50 nom. (mm)]
3 pipe plug sprinkler location — two-sprinkler test
4 threaded cross (50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm)
5 threaded tee (50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm) NOTE See Table 2 for pipe spacing.
6 nominal feed line from above the ceiling with reducer (∅ 75 mm) a 300 mm minimum length.
Figure 10 — Single sprinkler piping configuration for the water-distribution-collection apparatus

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Key
1 pipe manifold
sprinkler location — two sprinkler test
2 pipe [∅ 50 nom. (mm)]
3 pipe plug sprinkler location — four-sprinkler test
4 threaded cross (50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm)
NOTE See Table 2 for pipe spacing.
5 threaded tee (50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm)
a 300 mm minimum length
6 nominal feed line from above the ceiling with reducer (∅ 75 mm)
Figure 11 — Multiple-sprinkler piping configuration for the water-distribution-collection apparatus
26
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Key
1 threaded tee 2 pipe [∅ 50 nom. (mm)]
Figure 12 — Piping detail for the water-distribution-collection apparatus
Key
1 flue space
Top surface of collection

pans to be W 1 m above
solid floor surface
Figure 13 — Collection pan assembly for water-distribution-collection apparatus
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
© ISOfor2004
Copyright International Organization – All rights reserved
Standardization 27
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
7.13 Corrosion tests
7.13.1 Stress corrosion test with aqueous ammonia solution (see 6.11.1)
Subject four sprinklers to the following aqueous ammonia test. Fill the inlet of each sample with water and seal
it with a non-reactive cap, e.g. plastic.
Remove all non-production coatings from the samples to be tested and then expose them for 10 d to a moist
ammonia-air mixture in a glass container of volume (0,02 ± 0,01) m3.
Maintain an aqueous ammonia solution, having a density of 0,94 g/cm3, in the bottom of the container,
approximately 40 mm below the bottom of the samples. A volume of aqueous ammonia solution
corresponding to 0,01 ml per cubic centimetre of the volume of the container will give approximately the
following atmospheric concentrations: 35 % ammonia, 5 % water vapour, and 60 % air.
Maintain the moist ammonia-air mixture as closely as possible to atmospheric pressure and under uniform
heat at a temperature of (34 ± 2) °C. Make provision to vent the chamber using a capillary tube to avoid the
build-up of pressure. Shield specimens from condensate drippage.
After exposure, rinse and dry the sprinklers, and carry out a detailed examination. Subject all sprinklers to a
leak resistance test at 1,2 MPa (12 bar) for 1 min and to the sensitivity test. See 6.8 and 6.13.3.
Sprinklers shall not show signs of cracking, delamination, or failure of any part.
7.13.2 Moist sulfur-dioxide/carbon-dioxide corrosion test (see 6.11.2)
Subject four ESFR sprinklers to the following moist sulfur-dioxide/carbon-dioxide corrosion test. Fill the inlet of
each sample with water and seal it with a non-reactive cap, e.g. plastic.
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Use test equipment consisting of a vessel made of heat-resistant glass, with a corrosion-resistant lid of such a
shape as to prevent condensate dripping on the sprinklers. Regulate the heating of the vessel so as to
maintain the temperature inside the glass vessel at (25 ± 3) °C. Shield specimens from condensate drippage.
Suspend the sprinklers to be tested in their normal mounting position under the lid inside the vessel. Sulfur
dioxide and carbon dioxide are to be supplied to the test chamber from commercial cylinders. Introduce an
amount of sulfur dioxide equivalent to 1 % of the volume of the test chamber, and an equal volume of carbon
dioxide, into the chamber each working day. Maintain a small amount of potable or demineralized water at the
bottom of the chamber.
Conduct the test for a period of 10 d. After a total of 10 d, remove the samples from the container and allow
them to dry for 1 d to 5 d at a temperature not exceeding 35 °C with a relative humidity no greater than 70 %.
After the drying period, test all of the sprinklers at 1,2 MPa (12 bar) in accordance with 6.8.1. Subject two of
the sprinklers to the dynamic heating test in accordance with 6.13.3 and the other two to the temperature test
specified in 6.3.
7.13.3 Moist hydrogen-sulfide corrosion test (see 6.11.3)
Subject four ESFR sprinklers to the following moist hydrogen-sulfide corrosion test. Fill the inlet of each
sample with water and seal it with a non-reactive cap, e.g. plastic.
Use test equipment consisting of a vessel made of heat-resistant glass, with a corrosion-resistant lid of such a
shape as to prevent condensate dripping on the sprinklers. Regulate the heating of the vessel so as to
maintain the temperature inside the glass vessel at (25 ± 3) °C. Shield specimens from condensate drippage.
Suspend the sprinklers to be tested in their normal mounting position under the lid inside the vessel. Hydrogen
sulfide is to be supplied to the test chamber from a commercial cylinder. Introduce an amount of hydrogen
28
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
sulfide equivalent to 1 % of the volume of the test chamber into the chamber each working day. Maintain a
small amount of water at the bottom of the chamber.
Conduct the test for a period of 10 d. After a total of 10 d, remove the samples from the container and allow
them to dry for 1 d to 5 d at a temperature not exceeding 35 °C with a relative humidity no greater than 70 %.
After the drying period, test all of the sprinklers at 1,2 MPa (12 bar) in accordance with 6.8.1. Subject two of
the sprinklers to the dynamic heating test in accordance with 6.13.3 and the other two to the temperature test
specified in 6.3.
7.13.4 Salt-spray corrosion test (see 6.11.4)
Expose eight sprinklers to a salt spray within a fog chamber.
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During the corrosive exposure, seal the inlet thread orifice with a plastic cap after having first filled the
sprinklers with water. Use a salt solution having a mass fraction of 20 % sodium chloride in demineralized
water. The pH shall be between 6,5 and 7,2 and the density between 1,126 g/ml and 1,157 g/ml when
atomized at 35 °C. Provide a suitable means of controlling the atmosphere in the chamber. Suspend the
specimens in their normal operating position and expose them to the salt spray (fog) in a chamber having a
volume of at least 0,43 m3. Maintain the exposure zone at a temperature of (35 ± 2) °C. Record the
temperature at least once per day, at intervals at least 7 h apart (except weekends and holidays when the
chamber normally would not be opened). Salt solution shall be supplied from a recirculation reservoir through
air-aspirating nozzles, at a pressure between 0,07 MPa (0,7 bar) and 0,17 MPa (1,7 bar). Collect salt solution
runoff from exposed samples making sure that it is not returned to the reservoir for recirculation. Shield
specimens from condensate drippage.
Collect fog from at least two points in the exposure zone to determine the rate of application and salt
concentration. For each 80 cm2 of collection area of the fog, collect 1 ml to 2 ml of solution per hour over a
16-h period while maintaining the mass fraction of the salt concentration at (20 ± 1) %.
Expose the sprinklers to the salt spray for a period of 10 d. After this period, remove the sprinklers from the
fog chamber and allow them to dry for 2 d to 4 d at a temperature not exceeding (20 ± 5) °C in an atmosphere
having a relative humidity no greater than 70 %. After the drying period, test all of the sprinklers at 1,2 MPa
(12 bar) only in accordance with 6.8.1. Subject four of the sprinklers to the dynamic heating test in accordance
with 6.13.3 and the other four to the temperature test specified in 6.3.
7.13.5 Moist-air exposure (see 6.11.5)
Expose five sprinklers to a high temperature-humidity atmosphere consisting of a relative humidity of

(98 ± 2) % and a temperature of (95 ± 1,1) °C.
Install the sprinklers on a pipe manifold containing 50 % demineralized water. Place the entire manifold in the
high temperature humidity enclosure for 90 d. After this period, remove the sprinklers from the high
temperature-humidity enclosure and allow them to dry for 4 d to 7 d at a relative humidity no greater than
70 %. Following the drying period, test all sprinklers for their ability-to-function in accordance with 6.5.1 at only
0,034 MPa (0,34 bar).
NOTE At the manufacturer's option, additional samples may be furnished for this test to provide early evidence of
failure. The additional samples may be removed from the test chamber at 30 d intervals for testing.
7.14 Heat-resistance test (see 6.14)
Heat one sprinkler body in an oven at 800 °C for a period of 15 min. Remove the sprinkler body, holding it by
the threaded inlet, and promptly immerse it in a water bath at a temperature of 15 °C.

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
7.15 Water-hammer test (see 6.12)
Connect five sprinklers to the test equipment. After purging the air from the sprinklers and the test equipment,
subject the sprinklers to 100 000 cycles of pressure varying from (0,4 ± 0,05) MPa [(4 ± 0,5) bar] to
(3,4 ± 0,05) MPa [(34 ± 0,5) bar]. Increase the pressure from 4 bar to 34 bar at a rate of (10 ± 1,0) MPa/s
[(100 ± 10) bar/s]. Perform the test at a rate of at least 6 cycles of pressure per minute with a cycle period of
(5 ± 4) s.
Visually examine each sprinkler for leakage during the test.
7.16 Vibration test (see 6.15)
7.16.1 Fix four sprinklers vertically to a vibration table. Subject them to sinusoidal vibrations at room
temperature with the direction of the vibration along the axis of the connecting thread.
7.16.2 Vibrate the sprinklers continuously at an amplitude of 0,38 mm at a varying frequency from 30 Hz to
60 Hz for 25 h and at an amplitude of 1,27 mm at a varying frequency from 10 Hz to 30 Hz for 25 h. Amplitude
shall be defined as the maximum displacement of sinusoidal motion from the point of rest to one-half the total
table displacement. Each half-cycle period (e.g. 10 Hz to 30 Hz or 30 Hz to 10 Hz) shall be (25 ± 5) s. If one or
more resonant points are detected, vibrate the sprinklers at each of these resonant frequencies for 50 h
divided by the number of resonances.
7.17 Impact and tumble tests (see 6.16)
7.17.1 Impact test
Test five sprinklers for impact by dropping a mass onto the deflector end of the sprinkler along the axial centre
line of the waterway. Test sprinklers provided with shipping caps, intended for removal only after completion of
the sprinkler installation, for impact with the caps in place. The kinetic energy of the dropped mass at the point
of impact shall be equivalent to a mass equal to that of the test sprinkler dropped from a height of 1 m (see
Figure 14). Prevent the dropped mass from being impacted more than once upon each sample.
7.17.2 Tumble test
Test five sprinklers for impact by individually subjecting them to a tumbling test for 3 min. Test sprinklers
provided with shipping caps, which are intended for removal only after completion of the sprinkler installation,
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
for impact with the caps in place. Place each sample in a vinyl-lined right-hexagonal-prism-shaped drum
designed to provide a tumbling action. The drum shall have a length along the axis of rotation of 254 mm. The
distance between two opposite and parallel sides of each hexagonal-shaped-drum end plate shall be 305 mm.
For each test, the drum shall contain one sprinkler and five wood blocks. The blocks shall be 38,1 mm cubes
made of hardwood. Rotate the drum at a rate of 1 r/s about its longitudinal axis. Following the test, visually
examine each sprinkler. The sprinkler shall reveal no cracks, breaks, or other evidence of impending failure.
7.18 Lateral discharge test (see 6.17)
Install an open sprinkler on the same piping used for 7.12.1.
In addition, place a target having the same width and height as the maximum plan area of the sprinkler at a
point 2,1 m from the discharging sprinkler at a height 17,8 mm below the ceiling. Discharge water from the
sprinkler for 3 min at pressures of 0,35 MPa (3,5 bar), 0,7 MPa (7,0 bar), 1,0 MPa (10,0 bar), and 1,20 MPa
(12,0 bar). Make observations for wetting and water impingement of the tag.
30
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Key
1 cold drawn seamless steel tubing
2 weight
3 latching pin
4 adjustable brackets (2)
5 rigid support
6 sprinkler support
a Length to be determined (length of required weight).
b Cold finished steel.
Figure 14 — Impact test apparatus

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
7.19 Thirty-day leakage test (see 6.18)
Install five sprinklers on a water-filled test line maintained under a constant pressure of 2,0 MPa (20 bar) for
30 d.
Visually inspect the sprinklers at least weekly for leakage. Following completion of this 30-day test, examine
all samples to verify that there is no evidence of distortion or other mechanical damage.
7.20 Vacuum test (see 6.19)
Subject three sprinklers to a gradually increasing vacuum of 660 mm Hg applied to the sprinkler inlet and
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
maintained for 1 min. Following this test, examine each sample to verify that no distortion or mechanical
damage has occurred.
7.21 Freezing test (see 6.20)
Attach five samples individually to the end of 100-mm lengths of 5 mm nominal diameter steel pipe using an
appropriate fitting. Attach pipe coupling to the opposite end of each pipe. Fill each assembly to capacity with
water and seal it using a pipe plug. Expose the assemblies to a temperature of (- 30 ± 5) °C for a period of
24 h.
7.22 Actual delivered density (ADD) test (see 6.21)
Take measurements of the actual delivered density (ADD) on three samples or sets of samples, using a test
apparatus as shown in Figure 15. Calibrate the apparatus prior to use using a fire-products collector. The ADD
apparatus shall consist of two major components: a fire source and a simulated commodity. Use a fire source
containing a number of spray nozzles equally spaced on the circumference of a circle. Use heptane as the
fuel for the fire. Above the fire source, place a simulated commodity which approximates the geometry and
size of a single tier rack-storage commodity of two pallet loads deep and two pallet loads wide, with a 15,2 cm
flue space between the pallets. Install 16 water-collection pans on the top surface of the simulated commodity
to collect water that reaches the top surface. Install four additional pans under the fire source to collect water
delivered to the flue space. Channel water collected by the pans to the collectors of the ADD apparatus.
Suspend a flat horizontal ceiling with a minimum dimensions of 11,13 m ¥ 10,21 m above the ADD apparatus.
Locate the test apparatus in a room of sufficient volume to minimize the entrainment of additional water spray.
Do not allow any drafts or other air movement to enter, or leave, the test area.
Install the sprinkler(s) in the same way as the non-fire measurements, i.e. with the deflector 35 cm below the
ceiling with the frame arms parallel to the sprinkler piping. Locate the sprinkler piping centreline 23 cm below
the ceiling. Use sprinkler piping having a minimum nominal diameter of 50 mm.
Prior to each measurement, ignite the heptane sprays. Adjust the heptane spray so as to obtain the
convective heat release required. Stabilize the heptane flow at the selected flow rate corresponding to the
required heat release. Once the fuel flow rate has been stabilized, discharge the water. Run the test for a
minimum of 10 min in accordance with the test programme specified in Table 3.
32
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Key
1 ceiling level
2 collection pans (16)
3 simulated commodity
4 fire source
5 collection pans (4) for flue space
6 floor level
NOTE For a typical test apparatus see Table 3.
Figure 15 — Actual delivered density (ADD) test apparatus

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
7.23 Thrust force test (see 6.22)
Install the sprinkler in the thrust force apparatus as shown in Figure 16. Measure and record the thrust at the
pressures specified in Table 4. Repeat the test two more times with different sprinklers.
Key
1 suspended ceiling
2 threaded tee (50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm)
3 thrust plate (∅ 343 ± 1)
4 waterproof casing
5 strainless steel ball
6 slide ball bearing
7 load cell transducer
8 platform
Figure 16 — Thrust force measurement test apparatus
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34 Organization for Standardization

Copyright International © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
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7.24 Reaction force test (see 6.23)
Install the sprinkler in a reaction force apparatus as shown in Figure 17. Measure and record the reaction
force at pressures of 3,4 bar and 5,1 bar. Repeat the test two more times with different sprinklers.
Key
1 sprinkler in upright position
2 pipe (DN 50)
3 pendent position
4 load cell
5 threaded tee (50 × 50 × 50)
Figure 17 — Reaction force test apparatus
8 Marking of sprinklers
Each sprinkler complying with the requirements of this part of ISO 6182 shall be permanently marked as
follows:
a) trademark or manufacturer's name;
b) identification of model;
c) manufacturer's factory identification (if the manufacturer has more than one sprinkler manufacturing
facility);
d) the words “EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST RESPONSE” or the letters “ESFR”;
e) the word “pendent” (or the letter “P”) or the word “upright” (or the letter “U”), as appropriate;
f) the nominal flow constant;
g) nominal year of manufacture, which may include the last three months of the preceding year and the first
six months of the following year;
h) nominal operating temperature, the range of which shall be colour-coded on the sprinkler to identify the
nominal rating. The colour code shall be visible on the yoke arms holding the distribution plate for fusible
element sprinklers and shall be indicated by the colour of the liquid in glass bulbs. All sprinklers shall be
stamped, cast, engraved or colour-coded in such a way that the nominal temperature rating is
recognizable even if the sprinkler has operated. This shall be in accordance with Table 1.
Sprinklers using glass bulbs from more than one supplier shall have permanently coded marking on a
non-operating part of the sprinkler to identify the individual supplier of the glass bulb used in that specific
sprinkler.

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Annex A
(informative)
Tolerance limit calculation method
The calculation method for determining compliance with the statistical tolerance limit requirements specified in
6.7.1 and 7.10.1 is described below.
Calculate the mean and unbiased standard deviation for the glass-bulb design load and glass-bulb strength.
The sample unbiased standard deviation (s) is calculated from the formula:
Â ( x i - x) (n - 1)
2
sn = (A.1)
i =0
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
where
x is the sample mean;
xi is the individual value of each sample tested;
n is the number of samples tested.
Determine K, where K is a factor selected from Table A.1.
Upon accumulation of data points for glass-bulb design load and glass-bulb strength and the selection of the
appropriate respective values for K, verify
LTL > 2UTL (A.2)
where
LTL is the lower tolerance limit for glass-bulb strength and is equal to
LTL = x 1 - K s1 (A.3)
where
x1 is the mean glass-bulb strength;
K is the statistical factor taken from Table A.1;
s1 is the sample unbiased standard deviation for the glass bulb;
UTL is the upper tolerance limit for glass-bulb design load and is equal to
UTL = x 2 + K s 2 (A.4)
where
x2 is the mean glass-bulb design load;
s2 is the sample unbiased standard deviation for the glass-bulb design load;
K is the statistical factor taken from Table A.1.
36
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Table A.1 — Table for K-factor values for one-side tolerance limits for normal distributions
K for response test of ceiling

type sprinklers (including
n
concealed flush, and
recessed) a
10 3,981
11 3,852
12 3,747
13 3,659
14 3,585
15 3,520
16 3,463
17 3,415
18 3,370
19 3,331
20 3,295
21 3,262
22 3,233
23 3,206
24 3,181
25 3,158
30 3,064
35 2,994
40 2,941
45 2,897
50 2,863
a y = 0,95 (degree of confidence)
p = 0,99 (for 99 % of samples)
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Annex B
(normative)
Tolerances
Unless otherwise stated, the following tolerances shall apply:
1 Angle ± 2°
2 Frequency (Hz) ± 5 % of value
3 Length ± 2 % of value
4 Volume ± 5 % of value
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5 Pressure ± 3 % of value
6 Temperature ± 5 % of value
+5
7 Time 0s
+0,1
0 min
+0,1
0 h
+0,25
0 d
38
ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Annex C
(informative)
Analysis of the strength test for release elements
The Equation (6) given in 7.10.2 is based on the intention of providing fusible elements that are not
susceptible to failure caused by creep stresses during a reasonable period of service. As such, the duration of
876 600 h (100 years) was selected only as a statistical value with an ample safety factor. No other
significance is intended, as many other factors govern the useful life of a sprinkler.
Loads causing failure by creep, and not by an unnecessarily high initial distortion stress, are applied and the
times noted. The given requirement then approximates the extrapolation of the full logarithmic regression
curve by means of the following analysis.
The observed data is used to determine, by means of the method of least squares, the load at 1 h, F1h, and
the load at 1 000 h, F1000h. One way of stating this is that, when plotted on full logarithmic paper (time-to-link
failure as a function of the load), the slope of the line determined by F1000h and F1h shall be greater than, or
equal to, the slope determined by the maximum design load at 100 years, Fd, and F1h or:
ln F1000h - ln F1h ln Fd - ln F1h

W (C.1)
ln 1000 ln 876 600
This is then reduced as follows:
ln 1000
ln F 1000h W (ln Fd - F1h ) + ln F1h (C.2)
ln 876 600
W 0,504 8 (ln Fd - ln F1h ) ln F1h (C.3)
W 0,504 8 ln Fd + ln F1h (1 - 0,504 8 ) (C.4)
W 0,504 8 ln Fd + 0,495 2 ln F1h (C.5)
With an error of approximately 1 %, the formula may be approximated by
ln F1000h W 0,5 (ln Fd + ln F1h ) (C.6)
or, compensating for errors
F1000h W 0,99 Fd F1h (C.7)
or
2
1,02 F1000h
Fd u (C.8)
F1h
39
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
Bibliography
References on the dynamic heating test (i.e. the plunge test and prolonged plunge test) are described in the
following documents:
[1] HESKESTAD G. and BILL R.G.JR. Conduction Heat Loss Effects on Thermal Response of Automatic
Sprinklers. Factory Mutual Research Corporation, September 1987.
[2] HESKESTAD G. and SMITH H.F. Plunge test for Determination of Sprinkler Sensitivity. Factory Mutual
Research Corporation, December 1980.
[3] HESKESTAD G. and SMITH H.F. Investigation of a New Sprinkler Sensitivity Approval Test: The Plunge
Test. Factory Mutual Research Corporation, December 1973.
[4] Doc. ISO/TC 21/SC 5/WG 1 N 157 (VdS Cologne, 1988).
[5] Doc. ISO/TC 21/SC 5/WG 1 N 186 (Job GmbH, 1990).
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
40
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 6182-7:2004(E)
--```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ICS 13.220.20
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INTERNATIONAL ISO

Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2004

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

 Part 1: Requirements and test methods for sprinklers

 Part 3: Requirements and test methods for dry pipe valves

 Part 4: Requirements and test methods for quick-opening devices

 Part 5: Requirements and test methods for deluge valves

 Part 6: Requirements and test methods for check valves

 Part 9: Requirements and test methods for water mist nozzles

 Part 10: Requirements and test methods for domestic sprinklers

 Part 11: Requirements and test methods for pipe hangers

The following parts are under preparation:

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

Fire protection — Automatic sprinkler systems —

3 Terms and definitions

NOTE The conductivity factor is expressed in units of (m/s)0,5.

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

t is equal to the time constant, expressed in seconds, of the heat-responsive element;

u is the gas velocity, expressed in meters per second

NOTE 1 The response time index is expressed in units of (m◊s)0,5.

Figure 1 — Orientations A, B and C

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

3.2 Sprinklers classified according to type of heat responsive element

3.3 Sprinklers classified according to position

6.1.1 Sprinklers shall have a nominal thread size of R 3/4.

6.2 Nominal operating temperatures (see 7.7)

The nominal operating temperature of ESFR sprinklers shall be as indicated in Table 1.

Table 1 — Nominal operating temperature and colour coding

Glass-bulb sprinklers Fusible element sprinklers

6.3 Operating temperatures (see 7.7.1)

Sprinklers shall open within a temperature range of

where T is the nominal operating temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius.

6.4 Water flow and distribution

6.4.1 Flow constant (see 7.11)

The flow constant, K, for sprinklers is given by the formula

qV is the flow rate, expressed in litres per minute (l/min).

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

6.4.2 Water distribution (see 7.12)

Table 2 — Sprinkler water distribution measurements

6.5 Ability to function (see 7.6)

6.6 Strength of sprinkler body (see 7.4)

6.7 Strength of release element (see 7.10)

Figure 2 — Strength curve

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

6.8 Leak resistance and hydrostatic strength (see 7.5)

6.9 Heat exposure (see 7.8)

6.9.1 Glass-bulb type ESFR sprinklers

6.9.2 All ESFR sprinklers

6.10 Thermal shock (see 7.9)

6.11.1 Stress corrosion (see 7.13.1)

6.11.2 Moist sulfur-dioxide/carbon-dioxide corrosion (see 7.13.2)

6.11.3 Moist hydrogen-sulfide corrosion (see 7.13.3)

6.11.4 Salt-spray corrosion (see 7.13.4)

6.11.5 Moist-air exposure (see 7.13.5)

6.12 Water hammer (see 7.15)

6.13 Dynamic heating (see 7.7.2)

6.13.1 See also the references in the Bibliography.

6.14 Resistance to heat (see 7.14)

6.15 Resistance to vibration (see 7.16)