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    Geography of WB - Set 1 - Ultimate Final

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    Sourav Boral
    West Bengal has diverse geography ranging from Himalayan mountains in the north to coastal plains in the south. Its longest river is the Ganges, which flows through the plains after entering from Uttar Pradesh. The state has tropical climate and receives heavy monsoon rainfall. Agriculture is a major economic activity, with rice, jute, tea and sugarcane among the main crops grown. West Bengal also has significant mining and industrial sectors, including coal mining and manufacturing industries around Kolkata. The population of over 91 million makes it the fourth most populated state in India.

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    Geography of WB - Set 1 - Ultimate Final

    Uploaded by

    Sourav Boral
    129 views5 pages
    West Bengal has diverse geography ranging from Himalayan mountains in the north to coastal plains in the south. Its longest river is the Ganges, which flows through the plains after entering from Uttar Pradesh. The state has tropical climate and receives heavy monsoon rainfall. Agriculture is a major economic activity, with rice, jute, tea and sugarcane among the main crops grown. West Bengal also has significant mining and industrial sectors, including coal mining and manufacturing industries around Kolkata. The population of over 91 million makes it the fourth most populated state in India.

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    west bengal geography wbcs

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    Geography of WB- Set 1- Ultimate Final

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    West Bengal has diverse geography ranging from Himalayan mountains in the north to coastal plains in the south. Its longest river is the Ganges, which flows through the plains after entering from Uttar Pradesh. The state has tropical climate and receives heavy monsoon rainfall. Agriculture is a major economic activity, with rice, jute, tea and sugarcane among the main crops grown. West Bengal also has significant mining and industrial sectors, including coal mining and manufacturing industries around Kolkata. The population of over 91 million makes it the fourth most populated state in India.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    129 views5 pages

    Geography of WB - Set 1 - Ultimate Final

    Uploaded by

    Sourav Boral
    West Bengal has diverse geography ranging from Himalayan mountains in the north to coastal plains in the south. Its longest river is the Ganges, which flows through the plains after entering from Uttar Pradesh. The state has tropical climate and receives heavy monsoon rainfall. Agriculture is a major economic activity, with rice, jute, tea and sugarcane among the main crops grown. West Bengal also has significant mining and industrial sectors, including coal mining and manufacturing industries around Kolkata. The population of over 91 million makes it the fourth most populated state in India.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    Geography​ ​of​ ​West​ ​Bengal

    ০ The state lies between 21০ 38 ' N and 27০10' N. Its longitudinal extent is 85০30' E
    and 89০53' E.
    ০ Extension : North South → 623 kms.
    East-West​ ​→​ ​320​ ​kms.
    ০ The narrowest part → Chopra of North Dinajpur, 9 km wide.
    ০ The Tropic of Cancer passes through Nadia, Burdwan, Bankura and Purulia
    districts.
    ০ West Bengal is the 14th largest state of India.
    ০ Area → 88752 sq. km.
    ০ West Bengal covers 2.67% of the total area of India.
    ০ State animal of West Bengal → Fishing cat.
    ০ State bird is white throated kingfisher.
    ০ State tree → Devil Tree.
    ০ State flower → Night flowering jasmine.
    Physiographic​ ​Divisions
    Northern​ ​Mountains:-
    ০ Generally known as the Darjeeling Himalayan region.
    ০ Highest peak → Sandakphu ( 3630 m). It is the highest peak of West Bengal.
    ০ The Tista river has divided the region into two parts- Western mountain region &
    Eastern​ ​Mountain​ ​Region.
    ০ The two main mountain range of Western Mountain region is Singalila & Darjeeling
    range.​ ​Singalila​ ​separates​ ​Sikkim​ ​from​ ​Nepal.
    ০ The major peaks of Singalila range are-
    Sandakphu​ ​-​ ​3630.​ ​metres
    Phalhut​ ​-​ ​3595​ ​metres
    Sabargram-​ ​3036​ ​metres
    Tanglu-​ ​3121​ ​metres.
    ০ Darjeeling range is also known as Ghum range.
    ০ Ghum is the highest railway station in the world.
    ০ The highest peak of Darjeeling range is Tiger Hill (3121 metres).
    ০ Richila is the highest peak of Eastern Mountain range.
    ০ The Sinchula forms the common boundary between Bhutan & Jalpaiguri.
    ০ Buxa, the main mountain pass of Eastern
    Mountain​ ​range,​ ​joins​ ​India​ ​and​ ​Bhutan.
    Western​ ​Plateau​ ​:-
    ০ Areas → The whole part of Purulia western part of Birbhum, Burdwan, Bankura
    and​ ​West​ ​Midnapore​ ​Districts.
    ০ Bakreswar, a hot water spring is in Birbhum district.
    ০ Some important hills of Western Plateau and its location

    Hill​ ​-​ ​Location​ ​(​ ​District)


    Ayodhya-​ ​Purulia
    Bagmundi-​ ​Purulia
    Panchet-​ ​Purulia
    Bhandari-​ ​Purulia
    Belpahari-​ ​West​ ​Midnapore
    Mama​ ​Bhagne​ ​-​ ​Birbhum
    Mathurkali-​ ​ ​Birbhum
    Susunia-​ ​Bankura
    Biharinath-​ ​Bankura.

    Plains:-
    ০ Maximum area of West Bengal are plains.
    ০ Extension → Siliguri to the coast of Bay of Bengal.
    ০ Divisions → 2. I. Plains of North Bengal II. Plains of South Bengal
    I.​ ​Plains​ ​of​ ​North​ ​Bengal
    ০ Extension → Siliguri to north bank of the Ganges.
    ০ Terai or Duars- Tarai means wetland. Western part of river Tista → Tarai. East part
    of​ ​river​ ​Tista​ ​→​ ​Duar.
    ০ Northern plain is categorised into three-
    A. Barendrabhumi- Made up of old alluvial soil. Area → Southern part of North &
    South​ ​Dinajpur​ ​and​ ​eastern​ ​part​ ​of​ ​Malda​ ​districts.
    B. Diara- Area- Western part of Malda District. Fertile plain of new alluvial soil
    brought​ ​in​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Kalindi​ ​river.
    C.​ ​Tal-​ ​The​ ​land​ ​area​ ​between​ ​the​ ​rivers​ ​Mahananda​ ​and​ ​Kalindi.
    II.​ ​Plains​ ​of​ ​South​ ​Bengal
    A. Rarh area- Western part of Murshidabad, Eastern part of Bankura, Burdwan and
    Birbhum​ ​and​ ​Western​ ​part​ ​of​ ​West​ ​Midnapore​ ​districts.​ ​This​ ​area​ ​has​ ​red​ ​soil.
    B. Delta plain- Eastern part of Murshidabad district and the entire Nadia district (
    Moribund​ ​delta​ ​plain.
    Bardwan,​ ​East​ ​Midnapore,​ ​Howrah​ ​ ​and​ ​Hooghly​ ​(​ ​Mature​ ​Delta​ ​plain).
    South eastern part of south 24 parganas and southern part of North 24 parganas (
    Active​ ​Delta​ ​plain).
    C. Sandy coastal Plain- The costal area along the Bay of Bengal in East Midnapore
    district.
    D.​ ​Sundarban​ ​plains-​ ​Area→​ ​Southern​ ​part​ ​of​ ​North​ ​and​ ​South​ ​24​ ​Parganas.
    Rivers​ ​in​ ​West​ ​Bengal
    ০ River- Source- Falling Point
    Tista (411 km), River of fear - Jemu Glacier in Sikkim- Jamuna river ( Brahmaputra)
    in​ ​Bangladesh
    Mahananda (29 km)- Mahaldiram mountain in Darjeeling - Padma ( Ganga) in
    Bangladesh
    Jaldhaka (236 km)- Bidang lake on the border of Sikkim and Bhutan- Jamuna in
    Bangladesh.
    Torsa​ ​(358​ ​km)​ ​-​ ​Tang​ ​pass​ ​of​ ​Chumbig​ ​Valley​ ​-​ ​Jamuna​ ​in​ ​Bangladesh.
    Kaljani​ ​-​ ​Bhutan​ ​Hill-​ ​Jamuna​ ​in​ ​Bangladesh
    Raidak-​ ​Akangchu​ ​Peak​ ​in​ ​Bhutan​ ​-​ ​Jamuna​ ​in​ ​Bangladesh
    ০ Ganga- 1. Ganga is the longer river in West Bengal.
    2.​ ​Length​ ​→​ ​520​ ​km​ ​in​ ​West​ ​Bengal.
    3. Tributaries in West Bengal → Damodar, Rupnarayan, Mayurakshi, Kangsabati
    and​ ​Ajoy.
    4.​ ​Distributaries​ ​→​ ​Jalangi,​ ​Hooghly,​ ​Ichehamati,​ ​Churnd​ ​and​ ​Mathanbhanga.
    5.​ ​Bhagirathi​ ​→​ ​Murshidabad​ ​to​ ​Hooghly.
    Hooghly​ ​river​ ​→​ ​from​ ​Hooghly​ ​to​ ​Bay​ ​of​ ​Bengal.
    ০ Rivers of the Western Plateau

    River-​ ​Source​ ​-​ ​Falling​ ​Point


    Damodar ( 313 km in West Bengal), Sorrow River of Bengal- Khamarpot hill in
    Chotanagpur​ ​Plateau​ ​-​ ​Bhagirathi​ ​at​ ​Uluberia.
    Subarnarekha​ ​(​ ​477​ ​km)-​ ​Touri​ ​in​ ​Jharkhand-​ ​Bay​ ​of​ ​Bengal.
    Kangsabati​ ​(336​ ​km)​ ​-​ ​Jhabar​ ​forests​ ​hill​ ​in​ ​Ayodhya​ ​hill-​ ​Hooghly​ ​River.
    Ajay​ ​(276​ ​km)​ ​-​ ​Dumka​ ​in​ ​Jharkhand​ ​-​ ​Bhagirathi​ ​River
    Mayurakshi-​ ​Trikut​ ​hill​ ​in​ ​Jharkhand​ ​-​ ​Bhagirathi​ ​river.
    Rupnarayan​ ​-​ ​Western​ ​Plateau​ ​from​ ​Tilbi​ ​hill-​ ​Hooghly​ ​river.
    Haldi-​ ​Kangsabati​ ​and​ ​Kaliaghai​ ​join​ ​to​ ​form​ ​this​ ​river-​ ​Bhagirathi​ ​river.

    ০ Rivers of Sundarban Region → Matla, Ichamati, Raimangal, Vidyadhari, Gosaba,


    Thakuran​ ​etc.
    ০ Climate of West Bengal → Tropical monsoon in the southern part and humid
    sub-tropical in the north except in the northern mountainous region of Darjeeling and
    Jalpaiguri​ ​districts.
    2.​ ​Kalbaisakhi​ ​or​ ​Norwesters​ ​occur​ ​in​ ​early​ ​summer.
    3. Most of the rainfall in West Bengal occurs from the Bay of Bengal branch of Indian
    Monsoon.
    4.​ ​Highest​ ​Rainfall​ ​→​ ​Buxa​ ​Duars​ ​in​ ​Jalpaiguri.
    5.​ ​Lowest​ ​Rainfall​ ​→​ ​Mayureswar​ ​in​ ​Birbhum.
    Soil​ ​in​ ​West​ ​Bengal
    Soil​ ​type-​ ​Area
    Mountain​ ​soil​ ​-​ ​Northern​ ​mountain​ ​region
    Old Alluvial soil - North and south part of Dinajpur, East Malda and Eastern part of
    Birbhum.
    New Alluvial Soil - Murshidabad, Nadia, North and South 24 parganas, Hooghly,
    Howra​ ​and​ ​East​ ​Midnapore.
    Laterite soil - Purulia, Birbhum, Bankura, Burdwan, and some part of West
    Midnapore.
    Red​ ​Soil-​ ​Eastern​ ​part​ ​of​ ​Western​ ​plateau
    Saline​ ​Soil-​ ​Sundarban​ ​and​ ​coastal​ ​areas​ ​of​ ​state.
    ০ Agriculture in West Bengal
    Crop-​ ​Production​ ​area
    Paddy-​ ​Bardwan​ ​(​ ​Paddy​ ​granary​ ​of​ ​West​ ​Bengal),​ ​West​ ​Midnapore,​ ​Murshidabad
    Jute - Murshidabad, Hooghly, North and South 24 Parganas, Jalpaiguri and Cooch
    -Behar.
    Tea-​ ​Darjeeling​ ​and​ ​some​ ​parts​ ​of​ ​Purulia​ ​and​ ​Ayodhya​ ​hills.
    Wheat-​ ​Murshidabad,​ ​Nadia,​ ​Birbhum
    Barley-​ ​Murshidabad,​ ​Nadia,​ ​Jalpaiguri.
    Potato-​ ​Hooghly,​ ​Burdwan,East​ ​and​ ​West​ ​Midnapore
    Sugarcane-​ ​Murshidabad,​ ​Nadia​ ​and​ ​Burdwan.
    Tobacco​ ​-​ ​Cooch​ ​Behar,​ ​Jalpaiguri,​ ​North​ ​and​ ​South​ ​Dinajpur.
    Betel​ ​leaf-​ ​Howrah,​ ​East​ ​and​ ​West​ ​Midnapore.

    #FOREST​ ​RESERVES​ ​OF​ ​WEST​ ​BENGAL


    ০ Nama - Location
    Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary, Neora Valley National Park, Singalila National Park-
    Darjeeling
    Buxa​ ​Tiger​ ​Reserve​ ​-​ ​Alipurduar
    Gorumara​ ​National​ ​Park-​ ​Darjeeling,Jalpaiguri
    Jaldapara​ ​National​ ​Park,​ ​Chapramari​ ​Wildlife​ ​Sanctuary​ ​-​ ​Jalpaiguri
    Haliday Island, Sajnekhali Wildlife Sanctuary, Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary -
    South​ ​24​ ​Parganas.
    #​ ​Minerals​ ​in​ ​West​ ​Bengal
    Mineral​ ​-​ ​Place
    Coal ( mostly bituminous) - Raniganj, Asansol, Jamuria and Ramnagar of Burdwan,
    Barjora,​ ​Mezia​ ​of​ ​Bankura​ ​and​ ​Nituria​ ​of​ ​Purulia.
    Lime​ ​Stone-​ ​Purulia​ ​and​ ​Bankura
    Manganese​ ​-​ ​West​ ​Midnapore,​ ​Purulia​ ​and​ ​Burdwan
    Dolomite-​ ​Jalpaiguri
    Phosphate​ ​rock-​ ​Purulia
    Iron​ ​ore-​ ​Purulia,​ ​Bankura,​ ​and​ ​Darjeeling,
    Kyanite-​ ​Purulia
    Asbestos​ ​-​ ​West​ ​Midnapore
    Apatite-​ ​Purulia
    China​ ​clay-​ ​Purulia
    #​ ​Industries​ ​in​ ​West​ ​Bengal
    ০ India's first jute mill → Rishra in Hooghly.
    ০ Tea Industry → Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri and Cooch Behar districts.
    ০ Durgapur is called the Ruhr of India.
    ০ Cotton and Textiles Industry → Uluberia, Howra, Srirampore, Belgharia.
    ০ Murshidabad is famous for silk industry.
    ০ Paper Industry → Titagarh, Kankinara, Naihati, Raniganj, Asansol.
    ০ Aluminium Industry → J.K Nagar.
    ০ Leather industry → Batanagar, Tangra near Kolkata.
    ০ Chemical Industry → Kolkata port ( Sulphuric acid), Haldia ( Soda Ash), Titagarh)
    Caustic​ ​Soda),​ ​ ​Durgapur.
    ০ Engineering Industry
    Industry​ ​-​ ​Location
    Railway​ ​locomotive​ ​-​ ​Chittaranjan,
    Ship​ ​Building​ ​-​ ​Khidirpur
    Railway​ ​coaches-​ ​DumDum
    Military​ ​arms​ ​and​ ​weapons​ ​-​ ​Ichchapur,​ ​Cossipur​ ​and​ ​Dum​ ​Dum.
    #​ ​Transport​ ​in​ ​West​ ​Bengal
    ০ Total length of roads in West Bengal _ 92023 km which is 3.06 % of the total road
    length​ ​of​ ​India.
    ০ National Highway - Joining Places
    NH2-​ ​DELHI-KOLKATA
    NH6-​ ​HAZIRA-KOLKATA
    NH31A-​ ​SEBAK-GANGTOK
    NH34-​ ​DALKHOLA-BARASAT-KOLKATA
    NH35-​ ​BARASAT-​ ​BONGAONN
    NH41-​ ​KOLAGHAT-HALDIA
    NH55-​ ​SILIGURI-​ ​DARJEELING
    NH60-​ ​BALASORE-​ ​ASANSOL
    NH60A-​ ​BANKURA-​ ​PURULIA
    NH80-​ ​MOKAMA+​ ​FARAKKA
    NH-81-​ ​KORA​ ​-​ ​MALDA
    NH117-​ ​KONA​ ​EXPRESS​ ​WAY​ ​VIA​ ​DIAMOND​ ​BARBOUR
    NH151-​ ​KARIMGANJ-​ ​BANGLADESH​ ​BORDER
    ০ Total Railway route → 4481 km.
    ০ Headquarters of Easter, south -Easter and Kolkata Metro → Kolkata.
    ০ The State has 3 Airports -
    I.​ ​Netaji​ ​Subhas​ ​Chandra​ ​Bose​ ​International​ ​airport​ ​→​ ​Dum​ ​Dum
    ii.​ ​Bagdogra​ ​Airport
    iii.​ ​Kazi​ ​Nazrul​ ​Islam​ ​Airport​ ​→​ ​Andal​ ​near​ ​Durgapur.
    #​ ​Population​ ​of​ ​West​ ​Bengal​ ​(2011)
    ০ Approximate population → 9.13 crores
    ০ 7.54 % of the total population in India.
    ০ Population growth → 13.84 %
    ০ Sex Ratio → 950
    ০ Child sex ratio (0-6)→ 956
    ০ Density → 1028 / km2
    ০ Literary rate → 76.26%
    ০ Male Literacy rate → 81.69%, Female → 70.54%.

    Thank​ ​You.

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