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    Immune System As Biology Questions AQA OCR Edexcel

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    Shela Huang
    The document discusses the immune system and is divided into three sections. The first section defines pathogens and discusses primary defenses of the skin and digestive and respiratory systems. The second section explains phagocytosis, T cells, antigens, and B cells. The third section discusses the body's immune response over time through exposure to antigens.

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    Immune System As Biology Questions AQA OCR Edexcel

    Uploaded by

    Shela Huang
    71 views3 pages
    The document discusses the immune system and is divided into three sections. The first section defines pathogens and discusses primary defenses of the skin and digestive and respiratory systems. The second section explains phagocytosis, T cells, antigens, and B cells. The third section discusses the body's immune response over time through exposure to antigens.

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    Immune System as Biology Questions AQA OCR Edexcel

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    The document discusses the immune system and is divided into three sections. The first section defines pathogens and discusses primary defenses of the skin and digestive and respiratory systems. The second section explains phagocytosis, T cells, antigens, and B cells. The third section discusses the body's immune response over time through exposure to antigens.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    71 views3 pages

    Immune System As Biology Questions AQA OCR Edexcel

    Uploaded by

    Shela Huang
    The document discusses the immune system and is divided into three sections. The first section defines pathogens and discusses primary defenses of the skin and digestive and respiratory systems. The second section explains phagocytosis, T cells, antigens, and B cells. The third section discusses the body's immune response over time through exposure to antigens.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

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    AQA, OCR, Edexcel

    A Level

    A Level Biology
    The Immune System Questions

    Name:

    Total Marks: /22

    Maths Made Easy © Complete Tuition Ltd 2017


    Visit http://www.mathsmadeeasy.co.uk/ for more fantastic resources.

    The Immune System

    1. The immune system is a biological defence that protects the body from potentially harmful
    substances by recognising invading pathogens and responding to them appropriately.

    a)
    i) What is the definition of a pathogen and give two examples. (3 marks)

    b) In order for a pathogen to become established in an organism, it must first get past the
    organisms primary defences. The skin is one example of a primary defence.

    i) How has the human digestive system evolved to defend itself from pathogens?
    (2 marks)

    ii) How has the human respiratory system adapted to defend itself from pathogen
    invasion? (2 marks)

    2. The immune system can be broken down into a number of stages.

    a) The first stage is phagocytosis.

    i) What kind of cell is a phagocyte? (1 mark)

    ii) Outline the stages of phagocytosis. (4 marks)

    b) Phagocytes then activate T cells. T cells have receptors that are complementary to
    antigens on the surface of cells.

    i) What is an antigen? (1 mark)

    ii) When an antigen binds to a receptor on a T cell, the T cell becomes activated and
    differentiates into different types of T cells. What are these T cells and what are their
    functions? (6 marks)

    c) B cells are involved in the final stage of the immune response. Once activated they
    differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells. The plasma cell surface is covered with
    antibodies. The diagram below shows the structure of an antibody.

    Variable Region

    i) Label A and B on the diagram above (2 marks)

    ii) How many polypeptide chains make up an antibody? (1 mark)


    Maths Made Easy © Complete Tuition Ltd 2017
    Visit http://www.mathsmadeeasy.co.uk/ for more fantastic resources.

    iii) Why is the shape of the variable region important? (1 mark)

    iv) By what process do B-cells divide? (1 mark)

    v) What bonds hold the polypeptide chains together? (1 mark)

    vi) What is meant by the term ‘agglutination’ in reference to antibody action? (3 marks)

    d) What is meant by the terms cellular response and humoral response? (2 marks)

    3. The body’s immune response changes over time as a result of exposure to different
    pathogens.

    a) The graph below shows how the concentration of an antibody changes in the blood over a
    period of time. The red arrow indicates exposure to the same antigen.

    Concentration of a
    A
    specific antibody in
    B
    the blood

    Time in days

    i) Explain what is happening in part A of the graph. (3 marks)

    ii) Why is the curve of the graph steeper in part B? (3 marks)

    Maths Made Easy © Complete Tuition Ltd 2017

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