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    LCD & Keypad Interfacing

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    The document discusses interfacing LCD displays and keyboards with microprocessors. It explains that LCDs are replacing LED displays due to lower prices and ability to display text and graphics. Keyboards use a matrix of rows and columns that are accessed through I/O ports to detect key presses. When a key is pressed, it connects a row and column. The microprocessor scans the keyboard by grounding rows and reading the column inputs to detect and identify which key was pressed.

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    LCD & Keypad Interfacing

    Uploaded by

    downloadscribdpdf
    224 views28 pages
    The document discusses interfacing LCD displays and keyboards with microprocessors. It explains that LCDs are replacing LED displays due to lower prices and ability to display text and graphics. Keyboards use a matrix of rows and columns that are accessed through I/O ports to detect key presses. When a key is pressed, it connects a row and column. The microprocessor scans the keyboard by grounding rows and reading the column inputs to detect and identify which key was pressed.

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    LCD & Keypad Interfacing

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    The document discusses interfacing LCD displays and keyboards with microprocessors. It explains that LCDs are replacing LED displays due to lower prices and ability to display text and graphics. Keyboards use a matrix of rows and columns that are accessed through I/O ports to detect key presses. When a key is pressed, it connects a row and column. The microprocessor scans the keyboard by grounding rows and reading the column inputs to detect and identify which key was pressed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    224 views28 pages

    LCD & Keypad Interfacing

    Uploaded by

    downloadscribdpdf
    The document discusses interfacing LCD displays and keyboards with microprocessors. It explains that LCDs are replacing LED displays due to lower prices and ability to display text and graphics. Keyboards use a matrix of rows and columns that are accessed through I/O ports to detect key presses. When a key is pressed, it connects a row and column. The microprocessor scans the keyboard by grounding rows and reading the column inputs to detect and identify which key was pressed.

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    of 28

    LCD AND KEYBOARD

    INTERFACING
    LCD Operation
     LCD is finding widespread use replacing
    LEDs
    ◦ The declining prices of LCD
    ◦ The ability to display numbers, characters, and
    graphics
    ◦ Incorporation of a refreshing controller into
    the LCD
     Relieving the CPU of the task of refreshing the LCD
    ◦ Ease of programming for characters and
    graphics
    LCD Data Sheet
     One can put data at any location in the
    LCD
    ◦ The following shows address locations and
    how they are accessed
     AAAAAAA=000_0000 to 010_0111 for line1
     AAAAAAA=100_0000 to 110_0111 for line2
     The upper address range can go as high as 0100111 for the
    40-character-wide LCD
     Corresponds to locations 0 to 39
    Keyboard Interfacing
     Keyboards are organized in a matrix of
    rows and columns
    ◦ The CPU accesses both rows and columns
    through ports
     With two 8-bit ports, an 8 x 8 matrix of keys can
    be connected to a microprocessor
     When a key is pressed, a row and a column make a
    contact
     Otherwise, there is no connection between rows and
    columns
    ◦ In IBM PC keyboards, a microcontroller takes
    care of hardware and software interfacing
    Keyboard Interfacing (cont.)
     A 4x4 matrix connected to two ports
    ◦ The rows are connected to an output port
    ◦ The columns are connected to an input port
     If no key has been pressed, reading the input port
    will yield 1s for all columns
     Since they are all connected to high (Vcc)
     If all the rows are grounded and a key is pressed,
    one of the columns will have 0
     Since the key pressed provides the path to ground
    ◦ It is the function of the microcontroller to
    scan the keyboard continuously to detect and
    identify the key pressed
    Grounding Rows and Reading
    Columns
     To detect a pressed key
    ◦ The microcontroller grounds all rows by
    providing 0 to the output latch
    ◦ Then it reads the columns
     If the data read from columns is D3 – D0 = 1111,
    no key has been pressed
     The process continues till key press is detected
     If one of the column bits has a zero, this means that
    a key press has occurred
     For example, if D3 – D0 = 1101, this means that a
    key in the D1 column has been pressed
    Grounding Rows and Reading
    Columns (cont.)
     After detecting a key press, the
    microcontroller will go through the
    process of identifying the key
    ◦ Starting with the top row, the microcontroller
    grounds it by providing a low to row D0 only
     It reads the columns, if the data read is all 1s, no key
    in that row is activated
     The process is moved to the next row
    ◦ It grounds the next row, reads the columns,
    and checks for any zero
    Grounding Rows and Reading
    Columns (cont.)
    ◦ This process continues until the row is
    identified
     After identification of the row in which
    the key has been pressed
    ◦ Find out which column the pressed key
    belongs to
    Grounding Rows and Reading
    Columns (cont.)
     Detection and identification of key
    activation goes through the following:
    ◦ To make sure that the preceding key has been
    released, 0s are output to all rows at once,
    and the columns are read and checked
    repeatedly until all the columns are high
     When all columns are found to be high, the
    program waits for a short amount of time before it
    goes to the next stage of waiting for a key to be
    pressed
    Grounding Rows and Reading
    Columns (cont.)
    ◦ To see if any key is pressed, the columns are
    scanned over and over in an infinite loop until
    one of them has a 0 on it
     Remember that the output latches connected to
    rows still have their initial zeros (provided in stage
    1), making them grounded
     After the key press detection, it waits 20 ms for the
    bounce and then scans the columns again
     It ensures that the first key press detection was not an
    erroneous one due a spike noise
     If after the 20-ms delay the key is still pressed, it goes back
    into the loop to detect a real key press
    Grounding Rows and Reading
    Columns (cont.)
    ◦ To detect which row key press belongs to, it
    grounds one row at a time, reading the
    columns each time
     If it finds that all columns are high, this means that
    the key press cannot belong to that row
     It grounds the next row and continues until it finds the row
    the key press belongs to
     Upon finding the row that the key press belongs to,
    it sets up the starting address for the look-up table
    holding the scan codes (or ASCII) for that row
    Grounding Rows and Reading
    Columns (cont.)
    ◦ To identify the key press, it rotates the
    column bits, one bit at a time, into the carry
    flag and checks to see if it is low
     Upon finding the zero, it pulls out the ASCII code
    for that key from the look-up table
     Otherwise, it increments the pointer to point to
    the next element of the look-up table

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