Ejemplo de Coordinación de Breakers en Cascada

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Example for Coordination of Cascaded Circuit Breakers

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Coordination of Cascaded Circuit Breakers (photo credit: trissanpt.com)
Inputs for Coordination Calculation

A 440 V 60 Hz switchboard feeds a 4-wire distribution board for small loads such as socket outlets. The
switchboard has a fault making capacity of 100kA rms. After applying diversity factors to the loads the total load
current is 90 A . Moulded case circuit breakers (MCCBs) rated at 16 A and 32 A are to be used for the loads.
The installation will use cables having copper conductors and XLPE insulation. The cable from the switchboard to the
distribution board is 20 metres in length.
A typical load cable is 15 metres in length and will carry a current of 29 A at a power factor of 0.85 lagging.
Ignore the presence of induction motors at the switchboard and find the following:
1. Rating of the incoming circuit breaker.

2. Size of the incoming cable.
3. Size of the load cable.
4. Check that the MCCB coordination is complete.
The following sequence will be used to calculate the results:
1. Choose the upstream MCCB at the switchboard and its settings

2. Choose the incoming feeder cable
3. Choose the downstream load MCCB and its settings
4. Find the upstream fault source impedance
5. Find the cut-off, or let-through, current from the switchboard
6. Find the impedance of the incoming cable
7. Find the impedance of the load cable
8. Find the fault current at the distribution board, point B
9. Find the fault current at the beginning of the load cable, point C
10. Find the fault current at the end of the load cable, point D
11. Check the peak making capacity and peak let-through capacity of the MCCBs chosen above
12. Find the highestI-squared-t value for the upstream MCCB
13. Calculate a suitable size for the load cable to satisfy the I2t duty
14. Calculate the volt-drop in the load cable
15. Select the largest conductor size from the above calculations
16. Plot the results (coordination curve)
Let’s dive into solution!
1. Choose the upstream MCCB at the switchboard and its settings
From a manufacturer’s data sheet a 125 A MCCB with an adjustable 100 A thermal release is chosen. The thermal
release is set to 90 A to match the total load.
2. Choose the incoming feeder cable
From a manufacturer’s data sheet several cables can be compared for the same ambient conditions and laying
arrangements. Their details are:
50 mm2 cable, maximum current 124 A, R = 0.492, X = 0.110 ohms/km.
The 70 mm 2 cable is chosen since the rating of the 50 mm 2 cable is just too low.
Go back to Index ↑
3. Choose the downstream load MCCB and its settings
From a manufacturer’s data sheet a 32 A MCCB with an adjustable 32 A thermal release is chosen. The thermal
release is set to 29 A to match its load.
4. Find the upstream fault source impedance
For a prospective symmetrical fault current of 100 kA rms the upstream fault source impedance Z up is:
5. Find the cut-off, or let-through, current from the switchboard
From a manufacturer’s data sheet a 125 A MCCB has a let-through current Ip of 25 kA peak for a prospective
fault current Is of 100 kArms.
6. Find the impedance of the incoming cable
The impedance Z c1 of the incoming cable is:
7. Find the impedance of the load cable
The impedance Z c2 of the incoming cable is:
From a manufacturer’s data sheet several cables can be compared for the same ambient conditions and laying
arrangements. Their details are:
6 mm2 cable, maximum current 33.8 A, R = 3.91, X = 0.130 ohms/km.
10 mm2 cable, maximum current 46.7 A, R = 2.31, X = 0.126 ohms/km.
The 6 mm 2 cable is chosen provisionally, since its rating is above the 32 A rating of the MCCB that feeds it .
The impedance Z c2 of the load cable is:

8. Find the fault current at the distribution board, point B
From a manufacturer’s data sheet the contact impedance data for low voltage MCCBs are:
MCCB Resistance Reactanse

(Rating in Amps) (in Ohms) (in Ohms at 60Hz)
16 0.01 neglect
20 0.008 neglect
25 0.0065 neglect
32 0.005 0.000009
50 0.0027 0.000016
63 0.002 0.000025
80 0.0014 0.000042
100 0.0011 0.00007
125 0.0008 0.0001
160 0.00055 0.00015
200 0.0004 0.0002
250 0.00029 0.00027
320 0.0002 0.0004
Hence the upstream MCCB impedance Z m1 is 0.0008 + j 0.0001 ohms. Therefore the fault impedance Zfb is:
The fault making current I fb is:
Where Vp is the line-to-neutral voltage. Locate the point R

for 26,195 A on the prospective curve in Figure 1.
9. Find the fault current at the beginning of the load cable, point C
Hence the downstream MCCB impedance Z m2 is 0.005+j0.000009 ohms. Add this to Z fb to give the fault impedance
Z fc as:
The fault making current Ifc is:
Locate the point S for 17,443 A on the

prospective curve in Figure 1.
10. Find the fault current at the end of the load cable, point D
Add Z c2 to Z fc to give the fault impedance Z fd

as:
Figure 1 – Coordination of MCCBs at a distribution board

The fault making current I fd is:
Locate the point U for 3473 A on the prospective

curve in Figure 1.
11. Check the peak making capacity and peak let-through capacity of the MCCBs chosen
above
The following manufacturer’s data are typical for 125 A and 32 A MCCBs :
MCCB Rating Making capacity Let-through capacity

kApeak (cut-off)
kArms kApeak
32 A 95 209 *** 6.0
125 A 132 290 *** 25.0
*** Approximate values of the doubling factor taken to be 2.2
Hence the peak making capacity of the 32 A MCCB is well in excess of the let-through peak current of the 125 A
MCCB.
12. Find the highest I2t value for the upstream MCCB
Locate two points P and Q on the curve of the upstream MCCB as follows,
Point Current in p.u. Current in Amps Time in seconds I2 t
P 14 406 6 989016.0
Q 602 17,450 0.0016 487204.0
Hence I2t at P exceeds that at Q.
13. Calculate a suitable size for the load cable to satisfy the 2I t duty
For XLPE cables the ‘k factor’ for the I2t is 143. The cross-sectional area A is:
The next standard cross-sectional area is 10 mm 2.
14. Calculate the volt-drop in the load cable
The usual limit to volt-drop in three-phase cables feeding static loads is 2.5% at full load.
Where, Iflc = 29 A , L = 15 m and φ = 54.5495

degrees. For a 6 mm 2 cable the volt-drop is found to be:
which is well within the limit of 2.5%.
15. Select the largest conductor size from the above calculations
Comparing the conductor sizes found in 13. and 14. gives the larger as 10 mm 2, and this size should be used.
Revise the calculation of the fault current Ifd. The impedance Z c2 of the load cable is:
Add Z c2 to Z fc to give the fault impedance Z fd

as:
The fault making current I fd is:
16. Plot the results
The results are plotted in Figure 1.

Refrence // Switchgear and Motor Control
Centres – Handbook of Electrical Engineering:
For Practitioners in the Oil, Gas and
Petrochemical Industry by Alan L. Sheldrake
(Download here)
Figure 1 – Coordination of MCCBs at a distribution board

Ejemplo de Coordinación de Breakers en Cascada

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electrical-engineering-portal.

Example for Coordination of Cascaded Circuit Breakers

Coordination of Cascaded Circuit Breakers (photo credit: trissanpt.com)

Inputs for Coordination Calculation

1. Rating of the incoming circuit breaker.

The following sequence will be used to calculate the results:

1. Choose the upstream MCCB at the switchboard and its settings

Let’s dive into solution!

1. Choose the upstream MCCB at the switchboard and its settings

2. Choose the incoming feeder cable

50 mm2 cable, maximum current 124 A, R = 0.492, X = 0.110 ohms/km.

70 mm2 cable, maximum current 159 A, R = 0.340, X = 0.106 ohms/km.

95 mm2 cable, maximum current 193 A, R = 0.247, X = 0.093 ohms/km.

4. Find the upstream fault source impedance

5. Find the cut-off, or let-through, current from the switchboard

6. Find the impedance of the incoming cable

The impedance Z c1 of the incoming cable is:

7. Find the impedance of the load cable

The impedance Z c2 of the incoming cable is:

6 mm2 cable, maximum current 33.8 A, R = 3.91, X = 0.130 ohms/km.

10 mm2 cable, maximum current 46.7 A, R = 2.31, X = 0.126 ohms/km.

The impedance Z c2 of the load cable is:

8. Find the fault current at the distribution board, point B

MCCB Resistance Reactanse

100 0.0011 0.00007

125 0.0008 0.0001

160 0.00055 0.00015

200 0.0004 0.0002

250 0.00029 0.00027

320 0.0002 0.0004

The fault making current I fb is:

Where Vp is the line-to-neutral voltage. Locate the point R

Locate the point S for 17,443 A on the

Add Z c2 to Z fc to give the fault impedance Z fd

Figure 1 – Coordination of MCCBs at a distribution board

Locate the point U for 3473 A on the prospective

MCCB Rating Making capacity Let-through capacity

32 A 95 209 *** 6.0

125 A 132 290 *** 25.0

*** Approximate values of the doubling factor taken to be 2.2

Point Current in p.u. Current in Amps Time in seconds I2 t

Q 602 17,450 0.0016 487204.0

Hence I2t at P exceeds that at Q.

14. Calculate the volt-drop in the load cable

Where, Iflc = 29 A , L = 15 m and φ = 54.5495

which is well within the limit of 2.5%.

Add Z c2 to Z fc to give the fault impedance Z fd

The fault making current I fd is:

16. Plot the results

The results are plotted in Figure 1.

Figure 1 – Coordination of MCCBs at a distribution board

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