Coffee: Snapshot of Food and Drink

Coffee
~Snapshot of food and

drink~
Name:Grec
u Ana Maria
Coffee:
-is a black drink
-the most important varieties are Coffea Arabica and
Coffea Canephora
-in 2005 Brazil was the largest producer with 2.179
milion T.
-the most important consumers are S.U.A.;Germany;
France; Japan and Italy
Caffè espresso , or just espresso is a concentrated

coffee beverage brewed by forcing hot water under
pressure through finely ground coffee.
The first espresso machines were introduced at the
beginning of the 20th Century, with the first patent
being filed by Luigi Bezzera of Milan, Italy, in 1901. Up
until the mid-1940s, when the piston lever espresso
machine was introduced, it was produced solely with
steam pressure.
While espresso has more caffeine per unit volume
than most beverages, compared on the basis of usual
serving sizes, a 30 mL (1 fluid ounce) shot of espresso
has about half the caffeine of a standard 180 mL (6
fluid ounce) cup of drip brewed coffee, which varies
from 80 to 130 mg, and hence a 60 mL (2 oz) double
shot of espresso has about the same caffeine as a 180
ml (6 oz) cup of drip brewed coffee.
Espresso is the main type of coffee in many parts of
the world, though this is a recent phenomenon.
With the rise of various coffee chains in the 1990s,
espresso-based drinks rose in popularity in the United
States, with the city of Seattle viewed as one of the
origins of modern interest. In addition to the Italian
style of coffee, coffee chains typically offer many
variations by adding syrups, whipped cream, flavour
extracts, soy milk, and various spices to their drinks.
Coffee Timeline:
Prior to 1000 AD: Members of the Galla tribe in
Ethiopia notice that they get an energy boost when
they eat a certain berry, ground up and mixed with
animal fat.
1000 AD: Arab traders bring coffee back to their

homeland and cultivate the plant for the first time on
plantations. They also began to boil the beans,
creating a drink they call "qahwa" (literally, that
which prevents sleep).
1453: Coffee is introduced to Constantinople by

Ottoman Turks. The world's first coffee shop, Kiva
Han, open there in 1475. Turkish law makes it legal
for a woman to divorce her husband if he fail to
provide her with her daily quota of coffee.
1600: Coffee, introduced to the West by Italian

traders, grabs attention in high places. In Italy, Pope
Vincent is urged by his advisers to consider that
favourite drink of the Ottoman Empire part of the
infidel threat. However, he decides to "baptise" it
instead, making it an acceptable Christian beverage.
1607: Captain John Smith helps to found the colony of

Virginia at Jamestown. It's believed that he
introduced coffee to North America.
1645: First coffeehouse opens in Italy.
1652: First coffeehouse opens in England. Coffee

houses multiply and become such popular forums for
learned and not so learned - discussion that they are
dubbed "penny universities" (a penny being the price
of a cup of coffee).
1668: Coffee replaces beer as New York's City's

favorite breakfast drink.
1690: With a coffee plant smuggled out of the Arab

port of Mocha, the Dutch become the first to
transport and cultivate coffee commercially, in Ceylon
and in their East Indian colony - Java, source of the
brew's nickname.
1727: The Brazilian coffee industry gets its start when

Lieutenant colonel Francisco de Melo Palheta is sent
by government to arbitrate a border dispute between
the French and the Dutch colonies in Guiana.
1886: Former wholesale grocer Joel Cheek names his

popular coffee blend "Maxwell House," after the hotel
in Nashville, TN where it's served.
1901: The first soluble "instant" coffee is invented by

Japanese-American chemist Satori Kato of Chicago.
1903: German coffee importer Ludwig Roselius turn a

batch of ruined coffee beans over to researchers, who
perfect the process of removing caffeine from the
beans without destroying the flavour. He markets it
under the brand name "Sanka." Sanka is introduced
to the United States in 1923.
1938: having been asked by Brazil to help find a

solution to their coffee surpluses, Nestle company
invents freeze-dried coffee. Nestle develops Nescafe
and introduces it in Switzerland.
1940: The US imports 70 percent of the world coffee

crop.
The Story Of Coffee

Coffee, the brew, that more than half the people
around the world need to kick start the day. Ever
wondered about the origins of this humble but oh so
important cup of joy and how it landed up on the shelf
in your neighborhood store? Did you also know that
everyday there are about four hundred million cups of
coffee consumed around the world? It all began about
two thousand years ago and today it has a market
where the output as a commodity is a close second to
petroleum in its dollar value.
Coffee by itself is broadly categorized into two main

types - the Arabia which started out on the Arabian
Peninsula and the Robusta which has twice the
amount of caffeine. Apart from this there are at least
a dozen bean varieties in existence today. The beans
are red or green in type and here the red is known for
its higher aroma and lower acid content and it is this
type that is used to make some of the finer coffees of
the world.
The coffee berry or ‘cherry’ as it is called, is not of

any value by itself but yes, the bean inside it, that’s
the one which has all the importance attached to it. It
is this bean that is aged, roasted, ground and then
sent on for brewing. The picking is done by laborers
who pick a few baskets a day and they have to be
skilled in separating the red from the green beans.
This has a very definite role to play in the final
product. The time of picking of this cherry is of the
utmost importance as it has to be done when the
berry goes from green to red.
Once picked, the fruit undergoes a process of being

soaked, scoured and rubbed mechanically and the
bean is then washed to ensure no flesh of the fruit
remains. The beans that are the result of this
fermentation stage are then sun dried on large
concrete or rock surfaces till their water content
drops to about 12 percent. This is followed by the
sorting of the beans based on size and color. After
the polishing to remove any remaining skin they are
then sent on for roasting or kept to age from three to
eight years. Roasting happens at about 400 degrees
Fahrenheit where the beans expand to almost double
their size, then crack and turn brown as the oil inside
is secreted out. This oil is where the difference in the
basic flavor comes from. Post the roasting, the beans
are de-gassed which means that the beans produce a
lot of carbon dioxide and this is removed by airing
them out or packaging them in semi permeable bags
for shipping.
At the roasting stage, a lot of in-house techniques

have been developed which basically account for the
difference in flavors. So coffee in Kenya or Java will
taste different from say some other country. At the
grinding level there are again a lot of differences in
styles and the results of those styles. The Turks
pound the beans into a powdery consistency using a
mortar and pestle and in some other places the ‘burr’
grinder crushes the beans to a regular sized granule
and yet others chop the beans to a less homogeneous
size using a chopper.
The final cup that you get is actually either boiled,

which means hot water is poured and the grounds are
allowed to settle or it is pressure-prepared, which
refers to the espresso type where not quite boiled hot
water is poured through the grounds at very high
pressure or then the third way of percolating where
hot water drips onto the grounds and is filtered or
otherwise it is steeped like tea is, but the bags tend
to be larger.
So there you have the journey of coffee from the

plantation to your cup and with research coming up
with the benefits of drinking coffee, let’s raise a toast
to the cup that cheers!

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Coffee

~Snapshot of food and

Caffè espresso , or just espresso is a concentrated

1000 AD: Arab traders bring coffee back to their

1453: Coffee is introduced to Constantinople by

1600: Coffee, introduced to the West by Italian

1607: Captain John Smith helps to found the colony of

1645: First coffeehouse opens in Italy.

1652: First coffeehouse opens in England. Coffee

1668: Coffee replaces beer as New York's City's

1690: With a coffee plant smuggled out of the Arab

1727: The Brazilian coffee industry gets its start when

1886: Former wholesale grocer Joel Cheek names his

1901: The first soluble "instant" coffee is invented by

1903: German coffee importer Ludwig Roselius turn a

1938: having been asked by Brazil to help find a

1940: The US imports 70 percent of the world coffee

The Story Of Coffee

Coffee by itself is broadly categorized into two main

The coffee berry or ‘cherry’ as it is called, is not of

Once picked, the fruit undergoes a process of being

At the roasting stage, a lot of in-house techniques

The final cup that you get is actually either boiled,

So there you have the journey of coffee from the

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